Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-positivism

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-positivism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-positivism"

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Alexy, Robert. "INCLUSIVE NON-POSITIVISM." Espaço Jurídico Journal of Law [EJJL] 16, no. 2 (August 28, 2015): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18593/ejjl.v16i2.8302.

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On the basis of the distinction between two forms of positivism and three forms of non-positivism, I argue that only one of these five concepts of law is defensible: inclusive non-positivism. The basis of my argument is the correctness thesis, which says that law necessarily makes a claim to correctness. The doctrine of correctness implies the dual nature thesis, which says that law comprises a real or authoritative dimension as well as an ideal or critical dimension. The dual nature of law is the basis of the Radbruch formula. It says, in its shortest form, that extreme injustice is not law.Keywords: Inclusive non-positivism. Correctness. Dual nature of law. Injustice.
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PERRY, STEPHEN. "Beyond the Distinction between Positivism and Non-Positivism*." Ratio Juris 22, no. 3 (September 2009): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9337.2009.00427.x.

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Alexy, Robert. "Scott J Shapiro between Positivism and Non-Positivism." Jurisprudence 7, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20403313.2016.1190149.

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Alexy, Robert. "Kant’s Non-Positivistic Concept of Law." Kantian Review 24, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415419000281.

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AbstractThe main thesis of this article is that Kant’s concept of law is a non-positivistic one, notwithstanding the fact that his legal philosophy includes very strong positivistic elements. My argument takes as its point of departure the distinction of three elements, around which the debate between positivism and non-positivism turns: first, authoritative issuance, second, social efficacy, and, third, moral correctness. All positivistic theories are confined to the first two elements. As soon as a necessary connection between these first two elements and the third element, moral correctness, is established, the picture changes fundamentally. Positivism becomes non-positivism. There exist two kinds of connections between law and morality: classifying and qualifying connections. This distinction stems from different sorts of effects that moral defects give rise to. A classifying connection leads to the loss of legal validity, whereas a qualifying connection leads only to legal defectiveness. In Kant’s theory of law both connections are found. The qualifying connection is conspicuous throughout Kant’s theory of law, whereas the classifying connection, by contrast, is rare and well hidden. This will suffice to consider Kant as a representative of inclusive non-positivism.
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Leiter, Brian. "Realism, Hard Positivism, and Conceptual Analysis." Legal Theory 4, no. 4 (December 1998): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325200001130.

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The American Legal Realists, as I read them, are tacit legal positivists: they presuppose views about the criteria of legality that have affinities with positivist accounts of law in the sense that they employ primarily pedigree tests of legal validity. Ever since Ronald Dworkin's well-known critique of H.L.A. Hart's positivism a generation ago, however, it has been hotly contested whether there is anything about positivism as a legal theory that requires that tests of legal validity be pedigree tests. So-called Soft or Inclusive versions of positivism are willing to relax the restrictions on the content of a Rule of Recognition to admit non-pedigree criteria of legal validity; Hard or Exclusive versons of positivism deny that such a move is compatible with the central commitments of positivism. Hard Positivism, of which Joseph Raz has been the leading proponent, thus competes with various Soft Positivisms, defended by, among others, Coleman, Lyons, Soper, Waluchow, and now, explicitly, Hart himself in the “Postscript.” If the Realists are positivists, as I claim, then it cannot be the case that Soft Positivism is a genuinely positivistic doctrine. But there is more at stake here than just labels. Realist arguments for the indeterminacy of law—arguments central to the whole Realist enterprise—depend crucially on their tacit Hard Positivism. If, in fact, positivism has a more relaxed view of the criteria of legality than Hard Positivism supposes, then Realist arguments depend on unsound tacit premises about legal validity. What is at stake, then, is not whether Realists should be called (tacit) “Positivists” or merely (tacit) “Hard Positivists,” but whether their underlying view of the criteria of legality is sound. It can only be so if the best arguments favor Hard Positivism.
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Biyanto, Biyanto. "Positivisme dan Non-Positivisme dalam Jurisprudensi." Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam 3, no. 2 (October 6, 2015): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2013.3.2.483-502.

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<p>This article discusses about trend positivism and non-positivism paradigm in jurisprudence. This topic is important because discourse in social philosophy always relies on the rationality of whole arguments. The argument of justification is preceded through deductive reasoning, starting from paradigmatic premise that will be used to justify conclusion. Paradigmatic premise is the basic principles of truth which is believed to be the real truth. The real truth derives from personal experience in reflecting facts found in daily activities. In contemporary context of jurisprudence, there is a fierce battle between legal profesionals with its positivist paradigm (legal or formal law approach) and legal profesionals with its non-positivistic paradigm (legal morale substance approach). Many critics on positivism were responded by efforts to reform law through social movements. Social realist movement derives from diverse reality of socio-cultural configuration, within national life, will be significant when the movement is massively done, and supported by two pilars of civil society and political power. This opposition movement shall be continuously done to against the established side. The well established community has authority upon whole legal institution and usually will utilize all its power structures in order to maintain their interest.<em> </em><em></em></p>
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Kim, Dokyun. "Public reason and Natural Law - Toward a 'public reason' non-positivism." Institute for Legal Studies 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 27–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18018/hylr.2021.38.3.027.

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Muslihun, Muslihun. "Legal Positivism, Positive Law, and the Positivisation of Islamic Law In Indonesia." Ulumuna 22, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v22i1.305.

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This study elucidates the legal positivism and critically compares it with other schools of philosophy of law. Debates on the legislation of Islamic law in Indonesian can be traced back to the discursive practice of legal philosophy such as legal positivism. Indonesia as a law-based state (rechtsaat) adopts to a considerable degree legal positivism. However, it cannot be said that pure legal positivism, as it is promoted by its thinkers such as John Austin and Hans Kelsen, is applied because the Indonesian legal system accept morality such as religious and customary norms as the ground of legislation. By examining the postivisation of Islamic law, that is the legislation of Islamic law into the state legal system, this study argues that morale, ethics or norms derived from religion and customs are accepted to the state law. They can be used as the source of justice while justice in the positivists’ view refers to the code and statute endorsed by those who are in authority or power to do that. It thus denies the view of legal positivists who reject ethics or norms beyond the state law as non-law.
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Davies, Margaret. "Lesbian Separatism and Legal Positivism." Canadian journal of law and society 13, no. 1 (1998): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100005561.

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AbstractLegal positivism and lesbian separatism provide very different, yet comparable, approaches to the issue of separation. Legal positivism practices separation as a tool of dominance, while lesbian separatism is based upon the need for identity formation and resistance to dominance. By elaborating upon the justifications advanced for lesbian separatism, this article critiques the separateness defended by legal positivists, and highlights the effects of power and context upon the significance of separation. Thus separatism as a political objective is not rejected or supported, except insofar as it consolidates oppressive practices. However, a critique of the idea that separation is necessarily territorial and pure is also developped, and an alternative vision of separation based upon the work of María Lugones is proposed. It is suggested that a non-oppressive concept of law can only maintain its identity if an alternative understanding of its separateness evolves.
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Indreswari, Tri Laksmi. "The Dominance and Influence of Positivism Paradigm on Judicial Decision Making." SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185407004.

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The court plays a pivotal role in the Indonesian law enforcement. The judge is the key component of judicial process and how the judge`s paradigm will give impact on court decision making. Paradigm represents a worldview of judge when handling a case. This paper used double type of legal research, doctrinal and non-doctrinal. Doctrinal legal research is used to obtain the secondary data and non-doctrinal legal research is intended to obtain the primary data. The purpose of this paper is to describe the factual condition of the paradigm on judicial decision making and to explain the influence of positivism paradigm on judge`s role. The result concludes that the judge`s paradigm still dominate by positivism paradigm and judge`s role is only applying the law.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-positivism"

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Leivas, Paulo Gilberto Cogo. "A correção e a fundamentação de decisões jurídicas, em bases pragmático-universais, na aplicação do direito de igualdade geral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143354.

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A fundamentação e a correção de decisões jurídicas na aplicação do direito de igualdade geral exigem o cumprimento das regras e formas do discurso jurídico fundado em bases pragmático-universais. As viradas lingüística e pragmática, por obra de Frege, Wittgenstein e Peirce, fundaram os alicerces de uma teoria dos atos de fala, de Austin e Searle, de uma teoria da argumentação, de Toulmin, e de uma teoria comunicativa e discursiva da verdade e correção, em Habermas. A ética procedimentalista e cognitivista habermasiana reconstrói o princípio da universabilidade em trajes discursivos. Alexy enuncia um conceito não-positivista e inclusivo da moral fundamentado na pretensão de correção jurídica e argúi a tese do discurso jurídico como caso especial do discurso prático geral. Uma decisão jurídica correta deve ser justificada com base nas regras e formas da justificação interna e externa do discurso. A fundamentação das decisões por meio de argumentos de princípios coloca a exigência da aplicação do preceito da proporcionalidade. As dogmáticas e jurisprudências alemã e brasileira, na aplicação do direito de igualdade geral, utilizam inicialmente uma fórmula da proibição da arbitrariedade ou correlação lógica, da qual resulta uma vinculação fraca do legislador, e passam a adotar uma fórmula baseada na proporcionalidade, com uma vinculação severa do legislador, especialmente quando há tratamento desigual de indivíduos com características especiais elencadas na Constituição. A racionalidade de uma decisão que se utiliza da estrutura da proporcionalidade depende da justificação externa de cada uma das premissas usadas na justificação interna. Há uma relação necessária entre discurso jurídico, proporcionalidade e dogmáticas dos direitos fundamentais.
The justification and correction of legal decisions in the application of general equality principle demands the fullfilment of rules and forms of legal discourse founded on a universal-pragmatic basis. The linguistic and pragmatic turn, by Frege, Wittgenstein, and Peirce, established the foundations of a theory of speech acts, by Austin and Searle, of a theory of reasoning, by Toulmin, and a communicative and discoursive theory on truth and correctness in Habermas. The habermasian proceduralism and cognitivism ethics reconstructs the principle of universability in discoursive ways. Alexy states a non-positivistic and moral inclusive concept of law grounded in the claim to legal correction and argues that the legal discourse must be understood as a special case of general practical discourse. A correct legal decision must be justified on the rules and forms of internal and external justification of discourse. The justification for the decisions by means of arguments of principle sets the demand of applying the partial requirements of proportionality. German and Brazilian legal theory and jurisprudence, in applying the right to general equality, apply initially a formula of prohibition of arbitrary and correlational logic, where there is a weak attachment of the legislature, and start adopting a formula based on proportionality, where there is severe attachment of the legislature, especially in the case of discrimination against individuals with special features listed in the Constitution. The rationality of a decision which uses the structure of proportionality depends on the external justification of each of the premises used in the internal justification. There is a necessary link between proportionality, legal discourse and fundamental rights legal theory.
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Restagno, Michael. "The persistence of non-identity : spiritual experience in Adorno." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22176.

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Books on the topic "Non-positivism"

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Modern German Non-Positivism. Mohr Siebeck, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/978-3-16-159093-1.

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Borowski, Martin. Modern German Non-Positivism: From Radbruch to Alexy. Mohr Siebeck GmbH & Company KG, 2020.

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Balaguer, Mark. Metaphysics, Sophistry, and Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868361.001.0001.

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This book does two things. First, it introduces a novel kind of non-factualist view, and it argues that we should endorse views of this kind in connection with a wide class of metaphysical questions, most notably, the abstract-object question and the composite-object question (more specifically, the book argues that there’s no fact of the matter whether there are any such things as abstract objects or composite objects—or material objects of any other kind). Second, the book explains how these non-factualist views fit into a general anti-metaphysical view called neo-positivism, and it explains how we could argue that neo-positivism is true. Neo-positivism is (roughly) the view that every metaphysical question decomposes into some subquestions—call them Q1, Q2, Q3, etc.—such that, for each of these subquestions, one of the following three anti-metaphysical views is true of it: non-factualism, or scientism, or metaphysically innocent modal-truth-ism. These three views can be defined (very roughly) as follows. Non-factualism about a question Q is the view that there’s no fact of the matter about the answer to Q. Scientism about Q is the view that Q is an ordinary empirical-scientific question about some contingent aspect of physical reality, and Q can’t be settled with an a priori philosophical argument. And metaphysically innocent modal-truth-ism about Q is the view that Q asks about the truth value of a modal sentence that’s metaphysically innocent in the sense that it doesn’t say anything about reality and, if it’s true, isn’t made true by reality.
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Muir, Pearson M'Adam. Modern Substitutes For Christianity. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2006.

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Muir, Pearson M'Adam. Modern Substitutes For Christianity. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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Paris, Elena. International Law-making and Metaphysical Foundations of Universality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805878.003.0017.

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This chapter investigates the oppressive operation of the universal in international law and suggests that we might look for the origin of a foundational type of thinking, noticeable both in naturalism and in positivism, in the way metaphysics was conceived in the West. It proposes that Christos Yannaras’ specific interpretation of Christian theology could be a source of inspiration for an alternative way of conceiving metaphysics, which is able to offer a non-foundational, fluid understanding of grounds. It results in a theological argument that supports the plea to take seriously consent as the basis for international law-making without dropping the aspiration towards universality, an important issue to be addressed by the contemporary constitutionalizing global order.
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Pennington, Kenneth. Rights. Edited by George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0030.

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One of the most notable characteristics of Western societies has been the development of individual and group rights in legal, theological, and philosophical thought of the first two millennia. It has often been noted that thinkers in Non-Western societies have not had the same preoccupation with rights. The very concept of rights is laden with numerous problems. Universality is the most basic and difficult. If human rights are only a product of Western ideas of justice, they cannot have universality. In an age that is dominated by conceptions of law embracing some form of legal positivism, many scholars recognize only individual rights that have been established by the constitutional jurisprudence of individual countries or their legal systems. Historically, the emergence of rights in European jurisprudence is intimately connected with the terms ius naturale and lex naturalis in Western jurisprudence and theological thought. Human beings may never agree on universal rules of a natural law, but they might agree on universal precepts that shape the penumbra of rights surrounding natural rights.
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Goodrich, Peter. Schreber's Law. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474426565.001.0001.

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Daniel Paul Schreber, a senior German Judge at the end of the 19th century, author of Memoirs of My Nervous Illness, wanted to become a woman. Diagnosed by Freud, without ever meeting this patient, as mad, the Judge was simultaneously made world famous and stigmatised as a lunatic. The diagnosis, taken up again by Lacan, excluded the Judge from any non-clinical reading. Schreber’s Law reverses this diagnosis and takes up the case of the Judge in the current climate of trans advocacy to argue that far from being mad, he was driven by transitional desire and his extra-judicial writings, the Memoirs, some poetry, an essay on legal doctrine should be taken seriously as a radical critique of morbus juridicus, the illness of law. The argument is that the Judge fell ill of law. He was sick of the iron cage of German jurisprudence and so broke out and inscribed a biting critique of the automatism of jurists, of the theology of legal positivism, and of affectless reason of law’s putative science.
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Rosman, Moshe. How Jewish is Jewish History? Liverpool University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113348.001.0001.

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This book treats the key questions that postmodernism raises for the writing of Jewish history. What is the relationship between Jewish culture and history and those of the non-Jews among whom Jews live? Can we — in the light of postmodernist thought — speak of a continuous, coherent Jewish People, with a distinct culture and history? What in fact is Jewish cultural history, and how can it be written? How does gender transform the Jewish historical narrative? How does Jewish history fit into the multicultural paradigm? Has Jewish history entered a postmodern phase? How can Jewish history utilize the methodologies of other disciplines to accomplish its task? All these are questions that Jewish historians need to think about. While engaging with the questions raised by postmodernists, the book adopts a critical stance towards their work. The book's basic claim is that it is possible to incorporate, judiciously, postmodern innovations into historical scholarship that is still based on documentary research and critical analysis. The resulting endeavour might be termed ‘a reformed positivism’. The book presents an argument as to what considerations must be brought to bear on the writing of Jewish history today. By highlighting the issues raised by postmodernism, the book provides those in the field with a foundation from which to discuss how it should be practiced in light of this generation's challenges.
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Book chapters on the topic "Non-positivism"

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Bulygin, Eugenio. "Alexy Between Positivism and Non-positivism." In Neutrality and Theory of Law, 49–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6067-7_4.

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Alexy, Robert. "Between Positivism and Non-positivism? A Third Reply to Eugenio Bulygin." In Neutrality and Theory of Law, 225–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6067-7_11.

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Mitchell, David T., and Sharon L. Snyder. "Disability, Neoliberal Inclusionism and Non-normative Positivism." In Neoliberalism in Context, 177–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26017-0_10.

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Francis, Leslie P. "Feminist Philosophy of Law, Legal Positivism, and Non-Ideal Theory." In The Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy, 701–12. 1 [edition]. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge philosophy companions: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315758152-57.

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Moebius, Stephan. "Reconstruction and Consolidation of Sociology in West Germany from 1945 to 1967." In Sociology in Germany, 49–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71866-4_3.

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AbstractThis chapter will focus on the two decades after 1945, the period of the “post-war society” (1945–1967), which in the historical sciences is also characterized as a period of boom (keywords: “Wirtschaftswunder” (“economic miracle”), expansion of the welfare state, expansion of the educational sector, certainty about the future) and which comes to an end in the 1970s. Germany was undergoing a profound process of change: socio-structural changes in an advanced industrial society, structural changes in the family and a retreat into the private sphere, new opportunities in the areas of consumption and leisure due to the “Wirtschaftswunder,” urbanization and changes in communities, “Western Integration” (“Westbindung”), the ban on the KPD (Communist Party of Germany) in 1956, remilitarization, the development of the mass media and mass motorization, and the repression of the Nazi past were central social and sociological issues. At the same time, fascist tendencies were still virulent during the 1950s and 1960s. After 1945, sociology had to be rebuilt. Journals were refounded or newly founded, the German Sociological Association was restored and sociology was re-established as a teaching subject. Different “schools” and regional centers of sociology emerged. The so-called Cologne School centered around René König, the Frankfurt School around Adorno and Horkheimer, and the circle around Helmut Schelsky should be mentioned in particular; but also, Wolfgang Abendroth, Werner Hofmann, and Heinz Maus (Marburg School), Otto Stammer (Berlin), Arnold Bergstraesser (Freiburg i.Br.), and Helmuth Plessner (Göttingen). Despite their theoretical and political differences, up until the 1950s, they all had in common the decisive will for political and social enlightenment regarding the post-war situation. Furthermore, the particular importance that empirical social research and non-university research institutions had for the further development of sociology after 1945 is worth mentioning.At the end of the 1950s, field-specific dynamics gained momentum. The different “schools” and groups tried to secure and expand their position in the sociological field and their divergent research profiles became increasingly visible. The so-called civil war in sociology drove the actors further apart. Additionally, disciplinary struggles and camp-building processes during the first 20 years of West German sociology revolved around the debate on role theory and the dispute over positivism. By the end of the 1950s, an institutional and generational change can be observed. The so-called post-war generation, which included Ralf Dahrendorf, Jürgen Habermas, Niklas Luhmann, Erwin K. Scheuch, Heinrich Popitz, Hans Paul Bahrdt, M. Rainer Lepsius, and Renate Mayntz, assumed central positions in organizations, editorial boards of journals, and universities. While the early “schools” and circles (König, Schelsky, Adorno, and Horkheimer) initially focused on the sociology of the family and empirical research, the following generation concentrated foremost on industrial sociology, but also on topics of social structure and social stratification as well as on social mobility.
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Green, Michael S. "Hans Kelsen’s Non-Reductive Positivism." In The Cambridge Companion to Legal Positivism, 272–300. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108636377.012.

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Alexy, Robert. "An Answer to Joseph Raz." In Law's Ideal Dimension, 64–82. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796831.003.0006.

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This chapter contains a reply to Joseph Raz’s critique of Alexy’s defence of non-positivism. The starting point is that the distinction between positivism and non-positivism is, contrary to Raz, still of fundamental significance. It will never become insignificant. Raz agrees with the author that law raises something like a claim to correctness, but he argues that this claim is not necessarily connected with morality. The response presented here is that it is. This implies a necessary connection between law and morality, which thereby yields non-positivism. The practical significance of this is illustrated by the Radbruch Formula and the role principles play in legal argumentation.
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Balaguer, Mark. "What Is Neo-Positivism and How Could We Argue for It?" In Metaphysics, Sophistry, and Illusion, 201–17. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868361.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 explains how the non-factualist views established in the first part of this book fit into a general anti-metaphysical view called neo-positivism. This chapter formulates neo-positivism, explains why neo-positivism isn’t self-refuting, and explains how we could argue for neo-positivism. Neo-positivism is (roughly) the view is that every metaphysical question decomposes into subquestions, and in connection with each of these subquestions, we can endorse one of the following three anti-metaphysical views: non-factualism, scientism, or metaphysically innocent modal-truth-ism. Non-factualism about a question Q is the view that there’s no fact of the matter about the answer to Q. Scientism about Q is (roughly) the view that Q is an ordinary empirical-scientific question about some aspect of physical reality, and Q can’t be settled with an a priori philosophical argument. And metaphysically innocent modal-truth-ism about Q is (roughly) the view that Q asks about the truth value of a modal sentence that’s metaphysically innocent in the sense captured by the Chapter-6 view modal nothingism.
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d’Aspremont, Jean. "Non-state actors from the perspective of legal positivism." In Participants in the International Legal System, 23–40. Routledge, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203816837-3.

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Case, Steve, Phil Johnson, David Manlow, Roger Smith, and Kate Williams. "16. Biological and psychological positivism." In The Oxford Textbook on Criminology, 475–513. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198835837.003.0016.

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This chapter discusses how theories from biology and psychology can help in understanding crime. It studies individual positivism: that is, those aspects of positivist criminological explanations that look for differences between criminal and non-criminal populations. Biological and psychological positivists believe that by measuring biological and psychological differences between offenders and non-offenders they will discover a clear explanation of criminal behaviour, a truth that explains criminal actions. When researchers discovered physical or biological differences between offenders and non-offenders they tended to assume that those characteristics were causative and explained the behaviour. However, there is a big jump between finding differences and assuming that the difference explains the behaviour. The chapter traces the journey of biological and psychological positivist thinking from its roots in the 19th century through to the approaches in the 21st century where these biological and psychological traits are merely seen as one factor which may increase the likelihood of criminality rather than causing it.
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Conference papers on the topic "Non-positivism"

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Sayrani, Laurensius Petrus. "Bureaucratic representation in duality structure: Beyond positivism epistemology in understanding bureaucracy." In 2018 Annual Conference of Asian Association for Public Administration: "Reinventing Public Administration in a Globalized World: A Non-Western Perspective" (AAPA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aapa-18.2018.55.

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