Academic literature on the topic 'Non-Proliferative Diabetic'

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-Proliferative Diabetic"

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Varma, Nandini, and Sinumol Thulaseedharan. "Study on Risk Factors Associated with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type-2 Diabetic Patients, Attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 11 (2023): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231116.

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Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant public health concern affecting individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite treatment advances, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond adequately. This study investigates risk factors associated with the progression of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type-2 diabetes patients. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on diabetic patients older than 40 years with at least 5 years of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus history, attending ophthalmology clinic in Government Medical College, Thrissur, a tertiary care hospital. Data from patients with retinal examination showing diabetic retinopathy were analyzed. Records with missing data were excluded. Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (n=153) were compared with those having Non- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (n=230). Various risk factors were assessed using statistical analysis. Results: Among the studied variables, sex, duration of diabetes, serum urea, serum creatinine, serum triglycerides, and chronic kidney disease were significantly different between Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy patients. Binary logistic regression revealed that duration of diabetes (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1 - 2.39) and serum creatinine (OR =1.8, 95% CI = 1.1 - 2.39) independently influenced Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy development. Conclusion: This study highlights that longer diabetes duration and elevated serum creatinine levels independently increase the risk of Non- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy progressing to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in type-2 diabetic patients. Other factors such as age, gender, hyperlipidemia, systemic hypertension, type of diabetic treatment, and history of ischemic heart disease did not show significant associations with disease progression. These findings emphasize the importance of close monitoring, early detection, and intervention in patients with Non- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, particularly those with a longer diabetic history, to prevent Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy development. Further research should explore the causal relationship between serum creatinine and diabetic retinopathy progression and evaluate the impact of renal disease management on disease outcomes. Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, diabetes mellitus (DM), Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
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Danek, Dagmara, Brian Larsen, and Susan Anderson-Nelson. "Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy." Disease-a-Month 67, no. 5 (2021): 101139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101139.

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Mohammad Alam. "Diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients versus diabetic with co-morbid hypertensive patients." Professional Medical Journal 29, no. 07 (2022): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2022.29.07.6861.

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Objectives: To find out severity of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic versus diabetic with co-morbid hypertensive patients in type II diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Comparative study. Setting: KDA Teaching Hospital Kohat. Period: March 2017 to December 2020. Material & Methods: This comparative study focused on severity of diabetic retinopathy was conducted on only type II diabetic patients versus type II diabetic with co-morbid hypertensive patients. Two groups A for diabetic and B for diabetic with co-morbid hypertension patients were made. Proper proforma of diabetic age and severity of diabetic retinopathy was designed for record. First 200 patients with only diabetes mellitus comprising of 123(61.5%) male and 77(38.5%) female were registered in group A and first 200 diabetic patients with co-morbid hypertension comprising of 97(48.5%) male and 103(51.5%) female were registered in group B. Proper informed consents obtained from all patients. Both A and B groups were subdivided into A 1 with diabetic age upto 10 years had 105(52.5%) patients, A 2 with diabetic age 11-20 years had 60(30%) patients, A 3 with diabetic age > 20 years had 35(17.5%) patients and B 1 with diabetic age upto 10 years had 117(58.5%) patients, B2 with diabetic age 11-20 years had 55(27.5%) patients and B3 with diabetic age >20 years had 28(14%) patients. Results: Group A. A 1 had 9(8.57%) patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A 2 had 13(21.66%) with non-proliferative and 4(6.66) % with proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. A 3 had 15 (42.85%) non-proliferative and 16(45.71%) proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. Group B. B 1 had 14(11.96%) patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. B 2 had 16(29.09%) with non-proliferative and 10(18.18%) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. B 3 had 12(42.85%) non-proliferative and 14(50)% proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is adversely affected by co-morbid hypertension.
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Zhou, Amy Y., Brooklyn E. Taylor, Katherine G. Barber, et al. "Anti-IL17A Halts the Onset of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type I and II Diabetic Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021347.

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There are ~463 million diabetics worldwide, and more than half have diabetic retinopathy. Yet, treatments are still lacking for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We and others previously provided evidence that Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a pivotal role in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, all murine studies used Type I diabetes models. Hence, it was the aim of this study to determine if IL-17A induces non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Type II diabetic mice, as identified for Type I diabetes. While examining the efficacy of anti-IL-17A as a potential therapeutic in a short-term Type I and a long-term Type II diabetes model; using different routes of administration of anti-IL-17A treatments. Retinal inflammation was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after Type I-diabetic mice received 1 intravitreal injection, and Type II-diabetic mice received seven intraperitoneal injections of anti-IL-17A. Further, vascular tight junction protein Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) was significantly decreased in both Type I and II diabetic mice, which was significantly increased when mice received anti-IL-17A injections (p < 0.05). Similarly, tight junction protein Occludin degradation was halted in Type II diabetic mice that received anti-IL-17A treatments. Finally, retinal capillary degeneration was halted 6 months after diabetes was confirmed in Type II-diabetic mice that received weekly intraperitoneal injections of anti-IL-17A. These findings provide evidence that IL-17A plays a pivotal role in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Type II diabetic mice, and suggests that anti-IL-17A could be a good therapeutic candidate for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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Malaguarnera, Giulia, Caterina Gagliano, Maria Giordano, et al. "Homocysteine Serum Levels in Diabetic Patients with Non Proliferative, Proliferative and without Retinopathy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/191497.

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Homocysteine has been associated with extracellular matrix changes. The diabetic retinopathy is a neurovascular complication of diabetes mellitus and it is the leading cause of vision loss among working adults worldwide. In this study, we evaluate the role of homocysteine in diabetic retinopathy analyzing the plasma levels of homocysteine in 63 diabetic type 2 patients with nonproliferative retinopathy (NPDR), 62 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 50 healthy subjects used as control group, and 75 randomly selected patients.
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Dr., Mahfooz Alam. "Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Patients of Diabetic Retinopathy at a Tertiary Level in North India." International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research 4, no. 3 (2023): 890–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8098539.

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<strong>Introduction</strong>: Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus that can result in retinal vascular abnormalities and severe visual impairment. Vitamin D deficiency is involved in impaired glucose tolerance or type-2 diabetes. Vitamin D may affect the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy via its effects on angiogenesis by changing the presence of hypoxia inducible products, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. <strong>Study design</strong>: It was cross-sectional study done at a tertiary centre in North India. <strong>Results</strong>: In the Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetics without retinopathy and healthy controls mean serum vitamin D levels were&nbsp; 22.36 &plusmn; 4.90 ng/ml, 21.03 &plusmn; 6.21ng/ml, 26.44 &plusmn; 4.98 mg/dl 35.80 &plusmn; 5.20 ng/ml respectively. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The serum vitamin D levels were lower in Type 2 diabetic patients as compared to Healthy controls. The serum vitamin D levels were lower in diabetic patients with retinopathy as compared to diabetic patients without retinopathy. The serum vitamin D levels were slightly lower in Proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients as compared to Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients.
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Li, Shipeng, Jianling Sun, Wenchao Hu, et al. "The association of serum and vitreous adropin concentrations with diabetic retinopathy." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 56, no. 2 (2019): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563218820359.

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Objective Adropin, a newly identified regulatory protein encoded by Enho gene, is correlated with insulin sensitivity and diabetes. The aim of this study is to determine whether serum and vitreous adropin concentrations are correlated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Methods A population of 165 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (52 without diabetic retinopathy, 69 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 44 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy) was enrolled in this study. The control group enrolled 68 healthy subjects who had underwent vitrectomy for retinal detachment. Serum and vitreous adropin concentrations were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results Control subjects had significantly higher serum and vitreous adropin concentrations compared with diabetic patients. Serum and vitreous adropin concentrations in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients were significantly reduced compared with those in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy. In addition, there were lower serum and vitreous adropin concentrations in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy. Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum and vitreous adropin were associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion Serum and vitreous adropin concentrations are negatively associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy.
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Zhang, Xiao, Neelam Kumari, Serena Low, et al. "The association of serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate variability with diabetic retinopathy in Asians with type 2 diabetes: A nested case–control study." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 15, no. 6 (2018): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164118786969.

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Background: Fluctuation of kidney function may signify intra-glomerular microvascular hemodynamic instability. We aim to examine the association of long-term serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate variability with diabetic retinopathy. Methods: We included type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who attended the Diabetes Centre in 2011–2014 and were followed up (median = 3.2 years). Digital colour fundus photographs were assessed for diabetic retinopathy at follow-up. Diabetic retinopathy severity was categorized into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We conducted a nested case–control study involving 177 diabetic retinopathy (118 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 50 proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and 327 age- and gender-matched non-diabetic retinopathy. Serum creatinine measured before follow-up visit was obtained (⩾3 readings/patient). Variability was calculated as intra-individual standard deviation/√ n/( n – 1). Results: Diabetic retinopathy have higher adjusted-serum creatinine-standard deviation than non-diabetic retinopathy [9.1 (4.9–21.6) vs 5.4 (3.4–10.1) µM, p &lt; 0.001]. After multivariable adjustment, adjusted-serum creatinine-standard deviation was associated with diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (1.02–2.10), p = 0.04]. The area under the curve increased significantly after adding adjusted-serum creatinine-standard deviation [0.70 (0.65–0.75) vs 0.72 (0.68–0.77), p &lt; 0.03]. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy have higher adjusted-serum creatinine-standard deviation than non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy [15.5 (6.6–39.7) vs 7.47 (4.52–17.8) µM, p &lt; 0.001]. After adjustment, adjusted-serum creatinine-standard deviation remained associated with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy [1.48 (1.04–2.12), p = 0.03] and proliferative diabetic retinopathy [2.43 (1.34–4.39), p = 0.003; p-trend = 0.002]. Similar findings were observed for estimated glomerular filtration rate variability. Conclusion: Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate variability is associated with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy independent of intra-individual means. This may inform novel therapeutic strategies aiming to achieve stable renal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Zhang, Xiao, Su Chi Lim, Subramaniam Tavintharan, et al. "Association of central arterial stiffness with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in Asians with type 2 diabetes." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 16, no. 6 (2019): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164119845904.

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Objective: Arterial stiffness has been associated with diabetic retinopathy; however, the information is limited in Asians. We aim to examine the association of central arterial stiffness with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Singapore. Methods: Arterial stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index using applanation tonometry method. Digital colour fundus photographs from 1,203 patients were assessed for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy severity was categorized into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations of diabetic retinopathy with pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. Results: Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed in 391 (32.5%) patients, including 271 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 108 proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy have higher pulse wave velocity (11.2 ± 3.3 vs 9.5 ± 2.6 m/s, p &lt; 0.001) and augmentation index (28.4 ± 9.4 vs 26.1 ± 10.6%, p &lt; 0.001) than non-diabetic retinopathy. After multivariable adjustment, pulse wave velocity [odds ratio = 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.05–1.17), p &lt; 0.001] and augmentation index [odds ratio = 1.03 (95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.04), p = 0.009] was associated with diabetic retinopathy. In severity analyses, pulse wave velocity was associated with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio = 1.10 (95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.17), p = 0.002] and proliferative diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio = 1.15 (95% confidence interval = 1.06–1.25), p = 0.001] ( p-trend &lt; 0.001). Augmentation index showed significant associations with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio = 1.02 (95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.04), p = 0.008], but not with proliferative diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio = 1.01 (95% confidence interval = 0.98–1.04), p = 0.36] ( p-trend = 0.03). Conclusion: Central arterial stiffness was associated with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, suggesting its etiologic implication in diabetic retinopathy.
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Shinde, Pranaykumar. "Study of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness in Diabetics - with and without Diabetic Retinopathy." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 31 (2021): 2427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/497.

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BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from varied aetiologies. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common ocular complication of diabetes with 5 % of diabetics, progressing to severe visual loss of 5/200 or less. 3 Very few studies have been conducted on optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes in diabetic retinopathy in Indian scenario. We wanted to evaluate the association of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness with diabetic retinopathy and assess the possibility of RNFL thickness changes being a precursor to diabetic retinal changes. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital. A total of 120 patients were enrolled for the study and divided into four groups of equal population as controls / non-diabetics (NDM), diabetics without retinopathy (NDR), diabetics with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and diabetics with proliferative retinopathy (PDR). Patients were evaluated for visual acuity, RNFL thickness, intraocular pressure(IOP), cup disc ratio in each case and data was statistically analysed. RESULTS Mean temporal RNFL thickness in PDR group was 73.72 ± 15.22 and was statistically significant (P = 0.0001) than temporal RNFL thickness in controls (60.41 ± 7.56), NDR (61.06 ± 6.51) and NPDR (59.01 ± 5.51). Mean cup-disc disc ratio was 0.26 ± 0.08 in controls, was 0.28 ± 0.11 in NDR group, 0.32 ± 0.08 in NPDR group and 0.36 ± 0.11 in PDR group and was statistically significant (P = 0.026). However no statistically significant difference was seen in global average RNFL thickness across groups though it was more in NPDR and PDR when compared to NDM group, and was least in NDR group. CONCLUSIONS There was statistically significant increase in temporal RNFL thickness in diabetic group which worsens with the disease. Hence temporal RNFL thickness may be estimated in diabetic patients to predict transformation to diabetic retinopathy and intervene at an early stage. KEY WORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer, Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
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Book chapters on the topic "Non-Proliferative Diabetic"

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Bandello, Francesco, Rosangela Lattanzio, Ilaria Zucchiatti, and Giuseppe Petruzzi. "Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy." In Clinical Strategies in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54503-0_2.

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Scanlon, Peter H. "Mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy." In Practical Manual of Diabetic Retinopathy Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119058984.ch8.

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Scanlon, Peter H. "Moderate and severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy." In Practical Manual of Diabetic Retinopathy Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119058984.ch9.

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Manza, Ramesh R., Bharti W. Gawali, Pravin Yannawar, and K. C. Santosh. "Detection and Classification of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Lesions." In Medical Imaging. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429029417-6.

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Kucukoduk, Ali, and Fatih Kaya. "Current Treatment Approach to Diabetic Retinopathy." In Current Perspective on Diabetes Mellitus in Clinical Sciences. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359111.16.

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The current treatment approach to diabetic retinopathy (DR) emphasizes early detection, aggressive management of risk factors, and timely intervention to prevent vision loss. Tight glycemic control remains foundational, as it significantly reduces the onset and progression of DR by minimizing microvascular damage. Regular ophthalmic screenings, including comprehensive dilated eye examinations, are crucial for early detection of retinal changes. For non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), management focuses on optimizing systemic control of blood pressure and lipids to slow progression. In cases of clinically significant macular edema (CSME), focal/grid laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have shown efficacy in reducing macular thickening and improving visual acuity. For proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), prompt treatment with pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) is essential to reduce neovascularization and prevent complications such as vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment. Surgical options like vitrectomy may be necessary in advanced cases. Individualized management plans tailored to the severity and specific characteristics of DR are critical to preserving vision and optimizing outcomes for diabetic patients.
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Neelapala, Anil Kumar, Gnane Swarnadh Satapathi, and Satya Anuradha Mosa. "Severity Analysis Automation for Detection of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy." In Innovations in Sustainable Technologies and Computing. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8886-0_27.

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Yassur, Y., D. Weinberger, M. Kremer, D. Gaton, R. Axer-Siegal, and E. R. Priel. "Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy — new findings in indocyanine green angiography." In Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5137-5_69.

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Mule, D. B., S. S. Chowhan, and D. R. Somwanshi. "Detection and Classfication of Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Retinal Images." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9184-2_28.

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Rajput, Yogesh, Shaikh Abdul Hannan, Dnyaneshwari Patil, and Ramesh Manza. "Design New Wavelet Filter for Detection and Grading of Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Lesions." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0493-5_1.

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Devaraj, Deepashree, and S. C. Prasanna Kumar. "Robust Detection of Hard Exudates for Diagnosis of Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Integrated Approach." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60618-7_52.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-Proliferative Diabetic"

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Reethika, A., S. Priyadharsini, Attar Mahay Sheetal, T. Nivethitha, N. Kavitha, and G. Vijaykumar. "Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(NPDR) using Deep learning approach." In 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10724075.

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L, Fernando I. A. S., Induwara M. S., Isuranga T. H. N., Wijewardhana U. L., Dissanayake M. M., and Balagalla U. B. "Enhanced Feature Detection in Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy via RGB Channel Separation." In TENCON 2024 - 2024 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon61640.2024.10902756.

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M.S., Induwara, Fernando I.A.S.I., Isuranga T.H.N., Wijewardhana U.L., Dissanayaka M.M., and Balagalla U.B. "Feature Engineering for Optimizing AI-Driven Classification Models in Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Stage Detection." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet62352.2024.10730289.

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Bernatin, T., S. Arul Antran Vijay, Prabhat Sharma, Mahabub Hasan Mahalat, Gourav Sood, and Xavier V. K. "Fuzzy Logic Classifier Approach for Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Macular Disease Quantification and Diagnosis." In 2025 7th International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/ispcc66872.2025.11039512.

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Mohamed, Bouacheria, Cherfa Yazid, Belkhamsa Nourreddine, Benouadah Abdelmalek, and Cherfa Assia. "Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy detection using mathematical morphology." In 2018 IEEE 4th Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2018.8402437.

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Kumar, Yogesh, Nikhil Poonia, and Prince Jain. "Detection of Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy using GUI." In 2022 2nd International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciptm54933.2022.9754212.

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Hortinela, Carlos C., Jessie R. Balbin, Glenn V. Magwili, Klyde O. Lencioco, John Carlo M. Manalo, and Paolo M. Publico. "Determination of Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy through Fundoscopy using Principal Component Analysis." In 2020 IEEE 12th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hnicem51456.2020.9400155.

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Dizdaroglu, Bekir, and Bilal Corbacioglu. "Deep Diagnosis of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in a Mobile System." In 2019 Medical Technologies Congress (TIPTEKNO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tiptekno.2019.8894946.

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Dutta, Malay Kishore, Shaumik Ganguly, Kshitij Srivastava, et al. "An efficient grading algorithm for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy using region based detection." In 2015 38th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2015.7296363.

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Silvia, R. Catherine, and R. Vijayalakshmi. "Detection of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in fundus images of the human retina." In 2013 International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icices.2013.6508242.

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