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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-Sovereign'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

HALDÉN, PETER. "A non-sovereign modernity: attempts to engineer stability in the Balkans 1820–90." Review of International Studies 39, no. 2 (2012): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210512000101.

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AbstractSocial theory almost invariably equates modernity with the sovereign state. This equation must be nuanced because the modern era and modern strategies of international stability have contained non-sovereign units. In the nineteenth century, the Great Powers tried to create international stability by engineering forms of rule in Europe. These strategies built on distinctively modern ideas: the possibility of radically breaking with the past, redesigning political organisations, and actively controlling political events through rational planning. Throughout the century the Great Powers a

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2

Wu, Po-Chin, Shiao-Yen Liu, and Tsai-Yuan Huang. "Non-linear Growth-Determinants Nexus: The Role of Sovereign Debt." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 222, no. 3 (2017): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.17.3.2.

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3

Patton, Paul. "Bio-power and Non-sovereign Rights." Journal of Philosophy: A Cross-Disciplinary Inquiry 6, no. 15 (2011): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphilnepal201161529.

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Hatchondo, Juan Carlos, Leonardo Martinez, and Yasin Kursat Onder. "Non-Defaultable Debt and Sovereign Risk." IMF Working Papers 14, no. 198 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498325189.001.

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5

Aryal, Yubraj. "Affective politics and non-sovereign identity." Textual Practice 34, no. 1 (2018): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950236x.2018.1508059.

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6

Hatchondo, Juan Carlos, Leonardo Martinez, and Yasin Kursat Onder. "Non-defaultable debt and sovereign risk." Journal of International Economics 105 (March 2017): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2017.01.008.

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7

Cooper, Julie E. "Spinoza vs. the Kahal: The Zionist Critique of Spinoza’s Politics." Jewish Social Studies 29, no. 2 (2024): 94–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jss.00010.

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Abstract: The 1920s and 30s witnessed an explosion of interest in Spinoza among Zionist intellectuals. The reflexive equation of nation and state has led scholars to conclude that Zionists were drawn to Spinoza because he justified state sovereignty. This assumption is mistaken. Eastern European Zionists rejected Spinoza’s sovereignty-centered political thought—precisely because it denies political standing to non-sovereign bodies such as the kahal. Drawing on diasporic history, Spinoza’s Zionist critics elaborated a distinctive political vision that prized national autonomy but did not equate

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Ms., Poonam. "TORTIOUS LIABILITY OF THE STATE: TRANSITIONING FROM ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY TO CONDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITY." Indian Journal of Law and Society III, no. 2 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15380407.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <em>Gone are the days, when people were controlled and governed by the kings. No person was permitted to raise their voice against the king. Owing to this, there was no scope for fixing the state's and its officials' liability since it was a common notion that king can do no wrong. But with time, this concept changed, and for the first time in 1861 state was made responsible in a landmark case named ‘Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Co. v. Secretary of State 1861 Cal SC’. In the abovementioned authority, state was first considered responsible for i

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9

Athari, Seyed Alireza, Chafic Saliba, Elsa Abboud, and Nourhan El-Bayaa. "Examining the Quadratic Impact of Sovereign Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices on Firms’ Profitability: New Insights from the Financial Industry in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (2024): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072783.

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The present study particularly aims to probe the quadratic effects of the combined and individual sovereign environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities on the banking sector’s profitability. Furthermore, we attempt to shed light on the channels through which sovereign ESG practices impact the banking sector’s profitability. Unlike the vast majority of prior works that investigated the sustainability practice–firms’ profitability nexus from the firm level, this study originally probes this relationship from the country level by considering the sovereign ESG sustainability activities.

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10

James, Alan. "A response to Kurtulus." Review of International Studies 28, no. 4 (2002): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210502007799.

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In the initial section of his article, Ersun Kurtulus criticises the approach to sovereignty which I advanced in my Sovereign Statehood (1986). There I argued that the characteristic which distinguishes a sovereign from a non-sovereign state is constitutional independence—that is to say, a territorial entity's possession of a constitution which is not subordinate to that of another territorial entity. The most obvious and graphic way of identifying this distinction is to compare the position of a sovereign state with that of a territory which is part of a federal state. Thus Iceland is a sover

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11

Realdon, Marco. "Non-linear Gaussian sovereign CDS pricing models." Quantitative Finance 19, no. 2 (2018): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2018.1459808.

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12

Boumparis, Periklis, Costas Milas, and Theodore Panagiotidis. "Non-performing loans and sovereign credit ratings." International Review of Financial Analysis 64 (July 2019): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.06.002.

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13

Dorn, Nicolas. "From credit to debt: A political history of English sovereign finance and money from the seventh century to the seventeenth." Finance and Society 5, no. 1 (2019): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v5i1.3017.

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This article provides a new perspective on sovereign finance and money in England from pre- modern to early modern times. Re-reading the literature on sovereign fiscality through the lens of sovereign jurisdictions and religious authority, it describes two distinct forms of sovereign finance: the rise and fall of sovereign credit from the seventh to eleventh century, followed by sovereign debt developing from the eleventh century into ‘modern’ sovereign debt from the seventeenth century onwards. In the early Anglo Saxon period, sovereign credit was given and received in non-monetised forms. It

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14

Kiesel, Florian, Felix Lücke, and Dirk Schiereck. "Regulation of uncovered sovereign credit default swaps – evidence from the European Union." Journal of Risk Finance 16, no. 4 (2015): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-02-2015-0025.

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Purpose – This study aims to analyze the impact and effectiveness of the regulation on the European sovereign Credit Default Swap (CDS) market. The European sovereign debt crisis has drawn considerable attention to the CDS market. CDS have the ability of a speculative instrument to bet against a sovereign default. Therefore, the Regulation (EU) No. 236/2012 was introduced as the worldwide first uncovered CDS regulation. It prohibits buying uncovered sovereign CDS contracts in the European Union (EU). Design/methodology/approach – First, this paper measures spread changes of sovereign CDS of th

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15

Karkkainen, Bradley C. "Post-Sovereign Environmental Governance." Global Environmental Politics 4, no. 1 (2004): 72–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638004773730220.

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This article examines a mode of hybrid governance in which sovereign states and nonstate parties collaborate as equal partners to address complex problems that are beyond the problem-solving capacities of states acting alone. Under conventional state-centric approaches, environmental policy is the exclusive province of territorially delimited sovereign states, subject only to such obligations as states incur through voluntary inter-sovereign agreements. In contrast, “post-sovereign” governance is non-exclusive, non-hierarchical, and post-territorial. These arrangements emerge from recognition

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16

González-Fernández, Marcos, and Carmen González-Velasco. "Bond Yields, Sovereign Risk and Maturity Structure." Risks 6, no. 4 (2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks6040109.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between maturity structure, sovereign bond yields and sovereign risk in the Economic and Monetary Union for the period of 1990–2013. The results confirm the existence of an inverse relationship between sovereign bond yields, sovereign risk and the maturity structure of sovereign debt, regardless of the proxy that is used to measure sovereign risk and the time variance of the variables employed. The results indicate that risk shortens the maturity structure of sovereign debt because it reduces the stock of long-term debt. The relationship between

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17

Deshevov, Pavel, and Sergey Ukustov. "ZERO-KNOWLEDGE CREDENTIALS AS A WAY TO MINIMIZE DATA LEAKS." Scientific and analytical journal «Vestnik Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia» 2024, no. 4 (2024): 120–29. https://doi.org/10.61260/2218-130x-2025-2024-4-120-129.

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Identification, authentication, and authorization processes can be conducted in various ways. Particular attention is given to the processes implemented within the self-sovereign identity paradigm. This paper analyses the processes from a data leak perspective. A comparison is made between self-sovereign identity and a centralized identity provider scheme. An overview of the relevant implementations for these processes is provided: in both the self-sovereign and non-sovereign paradigms. It has been found that, from the data leaks perspective, the self-sovereign identity scheme could only provi

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18

Liu, Li, Yu-Min Liu, Jong-Min Kim, Rui Zhong, and Guang-Qian Ren. "Analysis of Tail Dependence between Sovereign Debt Distress and Bank Non-Performing Loans." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (2020): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020747.

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We investigate the tail dependence between sovereign debt distress and bank non-performing loans (NPLs) using a large sample of developed and emerging countries in recent decades. Considering the feedback loop of sovereign debt and bank loan distress, we use three copula models to analyze the asymmetry of tail dependence structure between sovereign debt exposure and bank NPLs. We use the Gaussian copula marginal regression to control the concurrent impact of other macroeconomic variables. We provide evidence that sovereign debt indicates an important determinant of NPLs. We also find that ther

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19

Bello, Muhammad, and Elizabeth Snyman-van Deventer. "Reconceptualising sovereign debt in international law." Law, Democracy and Development 26 (November 4, 2022): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2077-4907/2022/ldd.v26.10.

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Recurring debt crises and innovations in the sovereign debt landscape over the past couple of decades have rekindled interest in the nature and forms of sovereign debt. There are multiple outlets for contracting loans, all with different policies, principles and procedures. For instance, resource-backed loans have provided an additional option for resource-rich countries in Africa and Latin America to support their quest for infrastructural development. However, these and other innovations in sovereign financing may affect the dominant understanding and dynamics of sovereign debt governance. T

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20

Mohd. Saad, Noriza. "The Performance of Sovereign and Non-Sovereign Bonds and Their Relation towards Yields in Malaysia." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 3929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1434.

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This study aims to investigates the significant mean different between the sovereign bonds and non-sovereign bonds performance with regards to their facets and to analyze the relationship of these bond facets towards their yield performance in Malaysia. Secondary data used for such government bond issuances cover the period of 2015-2020. The data gathered from Bank Negara Info Bond Hub website, Bloomberg and Malaysia Energy Information Hub and others for such a Malaysian government bond facets. The results show that there is a statistically significant mean different between two types of bonds

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21

Shindo, Reiko. "Resistance beyond sovereign politics: Petty sovereigns’ disappearance into the world of fiction in post-Fukushima Japan." Security Dialogue 49, no. 3 (2018): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010617751994.

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What happens to sovereign power when petty sovereigns refuse to exploit discretionary power to suspend the rule of law, the very power that is delegated to them and makes them who they are? How might such a refusal contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between resistance and sovereign power? This article revisits Judith Butler’s notion of petty sovereigns to explore the possibility that petty sovereigns establish a distinctive relationship with law. This article draws on a case involving one nameless petty sovereign and his published writings. He writes novels to expose how

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22

Maskivker, Julia. "A non-cosmopolitan case for sovereign debt relief." Journal of Global Ethics 6, no. 1 (2010): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449621003701618.

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23

Hayakawa, Makoto. "The Possibility of a Non-sovereign Political Body :." Annuals of Japanese Political Science Association 70, no. 1 (2019): 1_36–1_55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7218/nenpouseijigaku.70.1_36.

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24

Arteel, Inge. "Non-Sovereign Voices in Friederike Mayröcker’s Aural Texts." Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas 15, no. 1 (2017): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pan.2017.0008.

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25

Armstrong, Harvey W., and Robert Read. "The non-sovereign territories: Economic and environmental challenges of sectoral and geographic over-specialisation in tourism and financial services." European Urban and Regional Studies 28, no. 3 (2021): 213–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776421999775.

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This paper analyses the economic and geographic characteristics of the world’s principal non-sovereign territories in the context of the growth challenges facing small economies. These territories enjoy high degrees of policy autonomy within a complex array of relationships with their metropolitan countries. Seven of the ten metropolitan powers are European and account for 38 of the 49 inhabited non-sovereign territories. The territories’ distinct economic and geographic characteristics, notably small size and remoteness, have led to their adopting similar niche sectoral growth strategies to t

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26

Isakov, K. S. "Sovereign Defaults and Banking Crises." Zhurnal Economicheskoj Teorii 18, no. 1 (2021): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2021.18-1.2.

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This research is aimed at contributing to the endogenization of default costs. Higher exposure of a banking system to sovereign bonds increases the likelihood of banking panics due to sovereign defaults. Following (Gertler, Kiyotaki, 2015), the research models the possibility of a banking crisis occurring after a sovereign default. While a higher exposure of a banking system is associated with potential losses, this mechanism creates a stronger commitment to honor the sovereign debt. A marginal increase in the sovereign debt raises the ex-post costs of default through a higher likelihood of a

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27

Rahman, Syed Mizanur, Salman Siddeeque Ali, and S. Nazim Ali. "Financing Sovereign Developmental Activities through Non-Interest Bearing Instruments." Journal of Islamic Finance 5, no. 1 (2016): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0027650.

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Mizanur Rahman, Syed, Salman Siddeeque Ali, and Syed Nazim Ali. "Financing Sovereign Developmental Activities Through Non-Interest Bearing Instruments." Journal of Islamic Finance 5, no. 1 (2016): 026–44. https://doi.org/10.31436/jif.v5i1.97.

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It is well established that countries require investments in infrastructure, education, healthcare and institutional development for long term growth in income levels. However, due to the positive externalities associated with these sectors and issues such as non-excludability and non-rivalry, participation from private sector in these areas is generally inadequate and it becomes necessary for the state to intervene for optimal capital allocation. Generally, the quantum of funds required for nationwide developmental programs exceeds the resources that states can generate through one-time taxat

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29

Kristóf, Tamás. "Sovereign Default Forecasting in the Era of the COVID-19 Crisis." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 10 (2021): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14100494.

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The COVID-19 crisis has revealed the economic vulnerability of various countries and, thus, has instigated the systematic exploration and forecasting of sovereign default risks. Multivariate statistical and stochastic process-based sovereign default risk forecasting has a 50-year developmental history. This article describes a continuous, non-homogeneous Markov chain method as the basis for a COVID-19-related sovereign default risk forecast model. It demonstrates the estimation of sovereign probabilities of default (PDs) over a five-year horizon period with the developed model reflecting the i

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J., Sharma,, and Chandani, A. "Sovereign Wealth Fund and Economic Indicators: An Exploratory Study." CARDIOMETRY, no. 24 (November 30, 2022): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.24.825834.

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Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) is a term which is related to investments made by sovereign in other countries or simply a cross-border investment. This term has gained popularity in recent times because of these funds’ huge investments and getting more and more Sovereign Wealth Funds post1990s. A Sovereign Wealth Fund is a capital investment made by governments to earn a higher return on their total reserves. It is a part of their diversification strategy, where earlier, all investments made by sovereign were in risk-free investments, namely, US Treasury Bills and bank deposit. Devaluation in dol

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Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Undisclosed Debt Sustainability." AEA Papers and Proceedings 112 (May 1, 2022): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20221000.

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Over the past decade, non-Paris Club creditors, notably China, have become an important source of financing for low- and middle-income countries. In contrast with typical sovereign debt, these lending arrangements are not public, and other creditors have no information about their magnitude. We transform the traditional sovereign debt and default model to quantitatively study incomplete information arrangements and find that they greatly reduce traditional Paris Club creditors' debt sustainability. Disclosure of nontraditional debt would imply significant welfare gains for the recipient countr

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32

Ballester, Laura, and Ana González-Urteaga. "Is There a Connection between Sovereign CDS Spreads and the Stock Market? Evidence for European and US Returns and Volatilities." Mathematics 8, no. 10 (2020): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101667.

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This study complements the current literature, providing a thorough investigation of the lead–lag connection between stock indices and sovereign credit default swap (CDS) returns for 14 European countries and the US over the period 2004–2016. We use a rolling VAR framework that enables us to analyse the connection process over time covering both crisis and non-crisis periods. In addition, we analyse the relationship between stock market volatility and CDS returns. We find that the connection between the credit and equity markets does exist and that it is time variable and seems to be related t

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33

Holm, Minda, and Ole Jacob Sending. "States before relations: On misrecognition and the bifurcated regime of sovereignty." Review of International Studies 44, no. 5 (2018): 829–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210518000372.

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AbstractThe symbolic structure of the international system, organised around sovereignty, is sustained by an institutional infrastructure that shapes how states seek sovereign agency. We investigate how the modern legal category of the state is an institutional expression of the idea of the state as a liberal person, dependent on a one-off recognition in establishing the sovereign state. We then discuss how this institutional rule coexists with the ongoing frustrated search for recognition in terms of sociopolitical registers. While the first set of rules establishes a protective shield agains

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34

Müller, Andreas, Kjetil Storesletten, and Fabrizio Zilibotti. "Sovereign Debt and Structural Reforms." American Economic Review 109, no. 12 (2019): 4220–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20161457.

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We construct a dynamic theory of sovereign debt and structural reforms with limited enforcement and moral hazard. A sovereign country in recession wishes to smooth consumption. It can also undertake costly reforms to speed up recovery. The sovereign can renege on contracts by suffering a stochastic cost. The constrained optimal allocation (COA) prescribes imperfect insurance with non-monotonic dynamics for consumption and effort. The COA is decentralized by a competitive equilibrium with markets for renegotiable GDP-linked one-period debt. The equilibrium features debt overhang: reform effort

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35

Armstrong, Harvey W., and Robert Read. "Crises & the challenges facing the UK’s non-sovereign territories." Round Table 110, no. 5 (2021): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1983991.

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36

Caporin, Massimiliano, Gisle J. Natvik, Francesco Ravazzolo, and Paolo Santucci de Magistris. "The bank-sovereign nexus: Evidence from a non-bailout episode." Journal of Empirical Finance 53 (September 2019): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2019.07.001.

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37

Ishikawa, Tomoko. "The Rise of the Notion of Illegitimate Debt: a Comment on “Rethinking Sovereign Debt: Politics, Reputation, and Legitimacy in Modern Finance” by Odette Lienau." Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium 6, no. 3 (2016): 189–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ael-2015-0003.

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Abstract “Rethinking Sovereign Debt: Politics, Reputation, and Legitimacy in Modern Finance” by Odette Lienau convincingly challenges the notion that the norm of debt continuity is a “stable and inevitable market principle” by providing a thorough analysis of the historical and political contexts surrounding this norm. The author’s approach which goes beyond the “market narrative” on the norm of debt continuity provides significant insights into the difficult issues of debt repudiation. This approach reveals the politically and historically variable nature of the norm of debt continuity. As su

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ADEDAMOLA ABIODUN SOLANKE. "Sovereign cloud implementation: Technical architectures for data residency and regulatory compliance." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 11, no. 2 (2024): 2136–47. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0502.

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Sovereign cloud solutions have emerged as a matter of utmost necessity for enterprises and governments desiring complete control over data, considering the rising fears about data sovereignty, privacy, and regulatory compliance. These solutions keep data within pre-defined geographical and jurisdictional boundaries while maintaining high levels of security and compliance. This paper examines the architectural configurations that support the implementation of sovereign clouds, emphasizing data residency, security model, compliance framework, and operation strategy. The key to sovereign cloud de

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Tan, Celine. "Reframing the debate: the debt relief initiative and new normative values in the governance of third world debt." International Journal of Law in Context 10, no. 2 (2014): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552314000056.

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AbstractThe introduction of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative in 1996 established landmark legal and policy innovations both in the regulatory landscape of sovereign debt and in the framework of international development finance. As the HIPC framework draws to a close, this paper reviews the impact of this initiative on the regulation of sovereign debt, in particular the governance of third world debt. The paper considers the implications of the initiative's explicit link between debt restructuring and development policy and its incorporation of non-traditional normative va

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Niedziółka, Paweł. "The Country Ceiling and Sovereign Rating Relationship Exemplified by the Case of Poland." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 3, no. 354 (2021): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.354.01.

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The aim of the article is to answer the question whether the ratings of entities registered in Poland are limited by the sovereign rating of the country. The author theorises that the sovereign rating of Poland does not constitute the upper limit for ratings granted by the Big Three (Fitch Ratings, Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s) to Polish financial and non‑financial entities. The databases of three leading rating agencies were queried, selecting all (52) long‑term foreign ratings assigned to entities registered in Poland. The analysis indicates that currently no confirmation can be found o

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Valdez, Inés. "Perpetual what? Injury, Sovereignty and a Cosmopolitan View of Immigration." Political Studies 60, no. 1 (2011): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00892.x.

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Can Kantian cosmopolitanism contribute to normative approaches to immigration? Kant developed the universal right to hospitality in the context of late eighteenth-century colonialism. He claimed that non-European countries had a sovereign right over their territory and the conditions of foreigners' visits. This sovereign prerogative limited visitors' right to hospitality. The interconnected and complementary system of right he devised is influential today, but this article argues that maintaining the complementarity of the three realms involves reconsidering its application to contemporary imm

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Hariparsad, Sanveer, and Eben Maré. "Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policies to Maximise Non-Parallel Risk Premia in Sovereign Bond Markets." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 11 (2024): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17110510.

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In this paper, we analysed several emerging market (EM) and developed market (DM) sovereign yield curves to identify the proportion of parallel and non-parallel shifts over time. We found that non-parallel shifts are more prevalent in EM due to higher political and economic risks. Key drivers include systemic risk events like wars, debt distress, and pandemics. By backtesting a long butterfly strategy to extract non-parallel risk premia from June 2007 to March 2024, we observed that steeper slopes and greater curvature result in higher returns. We also quantified monetary and fiscal regimes to

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43

Gori, Filippo. "Banks’ international assets and sovereign default risk." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 13, no. 4 (2021): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-07-2020-0169.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the nexus between banks’ foreign assets and sovereign default risk in a panel of 15 developed economies. The empirical evidence suggests that banks’ foreign exposure is an important determinant of sovereign default probability. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the consolidated banking statistics (total foreign claims on ultimate risk basis) by the Bank of International Settlements, the author constructs a measure of bank international exposure to peer countries. This measure is then used as the target variable in a panel regression for sovereig

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Eichengreen, Barry. "Restructuring Sovereign Debt." Journal of Economic Perspectives 17, no. 4 (2003): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533003772034907.

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This paper provides new empirical evidence relevant to the debate over the desirability of reforms to the way that financial markets and the international community deal with sovereign debt crises. In particular, given the ongoing opposition of investors and some sovereigns to greater use of collective action clauses (CACs) in emerging market bonds, we present new evidence on the way that financial markets have priced the use or non-use of CACs.

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Ravndal, Ellen J. "Colonies, semi-sovereigns, and great powers: IGO membership debates and the transition of the international system." Review of International Studies 46, no. 2 (2019): 278–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210519000408.

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AbstractHow did the transition from a world of empire to a global international system organised around the sovereign state play out? This article traces the transition over the past two centuries through an examination of membership debates in two prominent intergovernmental organisations (IGOs). IGOs are sites of contestation that play a role in the constitution of the international system. Discussions within IGOs reflect and shape broader international norms, and are one mechanism through which the international system determines questions of membership and attendant rights and obligations.

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Andriuškevičiūtė, Deimantė, and Norbertas Balčiūnas. "THE MONETARY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK IN THE PERIOD OF SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS." Ekonomika 92, no. 2 (2013): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2013.0.1417.

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Abstract. The European Central Bank was forced to start using non-standard measures in order to manage the situation determined by the global financial and sovereign debt crisis, namely to sort out liquidity problems and expand credit supply. The European Central Bank is criticized for applying non-standard tools because of increase in inflation risk. However, the analysis shows that the inflation could be managed by the absorption of liquidity surplus. However, there is a negative side of using non-standard measures, such as a significant increase in the credit risk, which arises due to havin

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Rouleau-Dick, Michel. "A Blueprint for Survival: Low-Lying Island States, Climate Change, and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta." German Yearbook of International Law 63, no. 1 (2022): 621–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/gyil.63.1.621.

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This article examines the relevance of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta as a precedent for safeguarding the legal existence of Low-Lying Island States threatened by climate change and the rise in sea levels. The unprecedented nature of this phenomenon means international law offers no unequivocal guidance on the way forward for threatened States. As a result, most solutions to this problem rely either on the creation of new legal instruments, the reinterpretation of existing norms, or (to varying extents) on the goodwill of other States. However, due to its State-like characteristics, and

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Gábriš, Tomáš, and Ondrej Hamuľák. "Pandemics in Cyberspace – Empire in Search of a Sovereign?" Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 14, no. 1 (2021): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2021-0005.

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Abstract Traditionally, the idea of a sovereign is being connected either with an absolutist ruler (later replaced by “the people”) at the national level, or the nation-state at the international level – at least in the conditions of the Westphalian system created in 1648. Today, on the contrary, we are witnessing a “post-” situation in many respects – post-modernism, post-positivism, but also post-statism – basically being a sort of return to the pre-Westphalian system (see Ondrej Hamuľák, “Lessons from the ‘Constitutional Mythology’ or How to Reconcile the Concept of State Sovereignty with E

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Ojeda-Joya, Jair N., and Gloria Sarmiento. "Sovereign risk and the real exchange rate: A non-linear approach." International Economics 156 (December 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2017.05.003.

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Cassimon, Danny. "Debtor (Non-)Participation in Sovereign Debt Relief: A Real Option Approach." IMF Working Papers 2023, no. 187 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400248504.001.

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