Journal articles: 'Non-standard English'

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Yaeger-Dror, Malcah. "Negation in Non-Standard British English." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 15, no. 2 (December 2005): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2005.15.2.304.

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Borzenko, Oleksandra Pavlivna, and Yana Pavlishcheva. "Non-Standard Elements at Professional English Lessons." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 11, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/115.

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The paper focuses on the issue of using non-standard elements namely educational games provided with the help of an interactive whiteboard at English lessons with non-linguistic students. The purpose of our research is to verify the opportunities of educational games based on using an interactive whiteboard for effective English teaching to non-linguistic students for effective improving English proficiency. Different methods such as observation, questionnaires, discussions and pedagogical experiment were used to study the influence of using educational games provided with an interactive whiteboard in English classes to students’ motivation to learn English and, as a result, to the level of students’ success in the English language. The statistical methods were used as well to measure the results of the pedagogical experiment. The result contrast of the preliminary and final tests confirmed statistically the efficiency of the authors’ technique of using educational games provided with an interactive whiteboard at professional English lessons. The specially developed educational games provided with the help of an interactive whiteboard are presented as examples of non-standard elements in English classes with law students and can be used by any English teachers. The results of the experiment proved statistically effectiveness of the authors’ technique of using non-standard elements for teaching professional English.

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TAN, PETER K. W., and DANIEL K. H. TAN. "Attitudes towards non-standard English in Singapore1." World Englishes 27, no. 3-4 (October 30, 2008): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2008.00578.x.

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TAKAM, ALAIN FLAUBERT. "Article use in Cameroon English and in non-standard British English." World Englishes 30, no. 2 (May 25, 2011): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2011.01701.x.

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Larroque, Patrice. "The Grammaticalization of done in Non-Standard English." Anglophonia, no. 15 (30) (November 1, 2011): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/anglophonia.373.

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Denison, David. "CLUES TO LANGUAGE CHANGE FROM NON-STANDARD ENGLISH." German Life and Letters 61, no. 4 (October 2008): 533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0483.2008.00442.x.

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McGill, Steven. "Double-standard English." English Today 14, no. 1 (January 1998): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840000064x.

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Laruelle, François, and Katerina Kolozova. "Non-Standard Marxism: A Quantum Theory Approach." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 12, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2016): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v12i1-2.302.

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Author(s): François Laruelle | Франсоа Ларуел Title (English): Non-Standard Marxism: A Quantum Theory Approach Title (Macedonian): Не-стандарден марксизам: Квантно-теоретски приод Translated by (French to Macedonian, French to English): Katerina Kolozova | Катерина Колозова Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 12, No. 1-2 (Winter 2015 - Summer 2016) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities – Skopje Page Range: 7-21 Page Count: 14 Citation (English): François Laruelle, “Non-Standard Marxism: A Quantum Theory Approach,” translated from the French by Katerina Kolozova, Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 12, No. 1-2 (Winter 2015 - Summer 2016): 7-21. Citation (Macedonian): Франсоа Ларуел, „Не-стандарден марксизам: Квантно-теоретски приод“, превод од француски Катерина Колозова, Идентитети: списание за политика, род и култура, т. 12, бр. 1-2 (зима 2015 - лето 2016): 7-21.

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Constantinou, Filio, and Lucy Chambers. "Non-standard English in UK students’ writing over time." Language and Education 34, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2019.1702996.

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Chao, Li, and Zhang Jingxiang. "Detection of Non-Standard English Expressions by Language Sense." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1267 (July 2019): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1267/1/012018.

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Anderwald, Lieselotte. "Was/Were-variation in non-standard British English today." English World-Wide 22, no. 1 (June 27, 2001): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.22.1.02and.

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In this article, the past tense system of the verb to be in modern informal spoken British English is investigated. Variation is endemic, but an in-depth investigation across individual dialect areas shows that three generalization strategies can be distinguished. Of these, two lead to a straightforward simplification of the system (was-generalization and were-generalization respectively), whereas the dominant mixed type has remorphologized the Standard English (StE) number distinction and replaced it by a distinction according to polarity. A cognitive explanation is advanced for the pervasiveness of this at first glance rather complicated system.

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Takahashi, Reiko. "Attitudes of Japanese Learners and Teachers of English towards Non-Standard English in Coursebooks." Changing English 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1358684x.2016.1228444.

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O’Rourke, Michael. "Quantum Queer: Towards a Non-Standard Queer Theory." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 10, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2013): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v10i1-2.287.

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This essay looks at some potentially fruitful lines of correspondence between Laruelle’s non-philosophy and gender, feminist and queer theories. Drawing on the work of leading Laruelle scholars I seek to outline some highly tentative principles for a non-standard queer theory which would help us to think about democracy, the human, performativity, sexual difference and some other crucial questions for current queer theorizing. Author(s): Michael O’Rourke Title (English): Quantum Queer: Towards a Non-Standard Queer Theory Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 10, No. 1-2 (Summer-Winter 2013) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities – Skopje Page Range: 123-134 Page Count: 12 Citation (English): Michael O’Rourke, “Quantum Queer: Towards a Non-Standard Queer Theory,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 10, No. 1-2 (Summer-Winter 2013): 123-134.

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Inderajati, Aal, and U. Ubaidillah. "The Non Standard English Used by Women in the Help Movie." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2016): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v3i2.5514.

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ABSTRACT This research discusses the grammatical features of Non-Standard English that is used by women characters in The Help movie and also the factors that influence it. The discussion in this research uses the theory from Trudgill (1999) and Holmes (1992). Further, SPEAKING formula proposed by Dell Hathaway Hymes (1974) is also used to determine the factors that influence the use of Non-Standard English. The study found five features of non-standard English used by women characters; they are missing auxiliary verbs, construction words, grammatical mistakes, wrong pronouns, and double negatives. Those features were found in the 108 data or conversations. The researcher analyzed those features through SPEAKING formula to find the factors. The factors which affect the use of non-standard English are Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, and Genre. Moreover, Participants is the factor that mostly influences the use of Non-Standard English by women in The Help movie. ABSTRAK Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas tentang fitur-fitur gramatikal bahasa Inggris non-standard yang digunakan oleh karakter wanita dalam film The Help dan juga faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaannya. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori dari Trudgill dan Holmes. Disamping itu, teori SPEAKING yang dikemukakan oleh Dell Hathaway Hymes juga akan digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa Inggris non-standard tersebut. Dari hasil analisis, peneliti menemukan lima fitur bahasa Inggris non-standard yang digunakan oleh karakter wanita; fitur tersebut yaitu missing auxiliary verb, construction words, grammatical mistakes, wrong pronoun, dan double negative. Faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa non-standard ialah Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, dan Genre. Participants adalah faktor yang paling banyak mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa Inggris nonstandard oleh karakter wanita dalam film The Help. How to Cite: Inderajati, A. Ubaidillah. (2016). The Non Standard English Used by Women in the Help Movie. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 3(2), 106-122 doi:10.15408/ijee.v3i2.5509. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v3i2.5509

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Albl-Mikasa, Michaela, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, Andrea Hunziker Heeb, Caroline Lehr, Michael Boos, Matthias Kobi, Lutz Jäncke, and Stefan Elmer. "Cognitive load in relation to non-standard language input." Translation, Cognition & Behavior 3, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 263–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00044.alb.

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Abstract The linguistic, psycholinguistic, and neural processes underlying simultaneous interpreting and translation have attracted widespread interest in the research community. However, an understanding of the cognitive load associated with these bilingual activities is just starting to emerge, and the underlying behavioral and physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this article, we describe a promising interdisciplinary approach to assess the behavioral and physiological indices of cognitive load during interpreting and translation in laboratory and simulated workplace settings. In this context, we emphasize the importance of ecological validity and explain how comparisons between authentic non-standard input and edited English versions of the same stimuli can be used to evaluate cognitive load while controlling for the general cognitive demands associated with interpreting and translation. The perspective we present in this article might pave the way for a clearer understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of cognitive load during simultaneous interpreting and translation as well as during the processing of English as Lingua Franca.

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Davila, Bethany. "Indexicality and “Standard” Edited American English." Written Communication 29, no. 2 (April 2012): 180–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088312438691.

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This article explores the indexicality (the ideological process that links language and identity) of “standard” edited American English and the ideologies (specifically, standard language ideology and Whiteness) that work to create and justify common patterns that associate privileged White students with written standardness and that disassociate underrepresented—especially African American—students from “standard” edited American English. Drawing on interviews with composition instructors about their readings of anonymous student texts, the author argues that indexicality and standardness are mutually informative: The non/standard features of student texts operate as indexicals for student-author identities just as perceived student-author identities influence the reading of a text as non/standard. Ultimately, this article offers inroads to challenging destructive and enduring indexical patterns that offer unearned privilege to some students at the expense of others and, in the process, perpetuate race- and class-based privilege.AQ Note that APA style capitalizes Black and White.

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Levey, Stephen. "Understanding children's non-standard spoken English: a perspective from variationist sociolinguistics." Language and Education 26, no. 5 (September 2012): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2011.651144.

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Meer, Philipp, Robert Fuchs, Anika Gerfer, Ulrike Gut, and Zeyu Li. "Rhotics in Standard Scottish English." English World-Wide 42, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00070.mee.

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Abstract The present study investigates rhotics in Standard Scottish English (SSE). Drawing on an auditory analysis of formal speeches given in the Scottish parliament by 49 speakers (members of parliament and the general public), it examines whether an underlying rhotic standard exists for SSE speakers from all over Scotland, whether and where rhotics are realized as trills/taps or approximants, and what factors influence variation in the realization and distribution of rhotics. The results show that SSE is variably rhotic, with 54% of all non-linking coda /r/ realized, and that trills/taps are more frequent in intervocalic (onset and linking coda) position. The findings contradict the idea of SSE being generally rhotic but rather confirm previous reports of increasing occurrence of non-rhoticity, not just by specific speaker groups, but also in a formal context. They further show that variation in rhotics in SSE foremost tends to be affected by language-internal than language-external factors.

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Svalberg, Agneta M.-L. "Language standards and language variation in Brunei Darussalam." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 12, no. 1 (July 18, 2002): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.12.1.08sva.

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An assumption of this paper is that non-standard use of language will be accompanied by non-standard features of understanding. An attempt is made to access the meaning perceptions of learners at different levels of proficiency. The paper reports on what English learners in Brunei think English modal verb forms mean. It focuses specifically on would and discusses its use in Standard British English and in Brunei English. Bruneian perceptions of the meaning of this modal are compared with its use. It is claimed that the non-standard use of would for non-assertiveness in Brunei English can partly be explained by users overfocusing on its non-factivity meaning. The issues of what the target variety may be and the appropriacy of non-standard features in this sociocultural and linguistic context are briefly discussed.

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ANDERWALD, LIESELOTTE. "Are non-standard dialects more ‘natural’ than the standard? A test case from English verb morphology." Journal of Linguistics 47, no. 2 (July 20, 2010): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226710000241.

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In this article, I argue that at least in some subsets of grammar, non-standard dialects are indeed more natural than their standard counterparts. I present data from the new Freiburg English Dialect corpus FRED, for the first time comparing and quantifying traditional dialect data from across the whole of Great Britain. The most frequent non-standard verb forms cluster around forms likedrink–drunk–drunkandsing–sung–sung. The framework of Natural Morphology (Wurzel 1984, 1987) in combination with Bybee's Network Model (Bybee 1985, 1995) is employed to define the notion of naturalness and to explain why this verb class has been strengthened historically, and is still attracting new members today.

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Sabatini, Elisabetta. "Listening comprehension, shadowing and simultaneous interpretation of two ‘non-standard’ English speeches." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2000): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.5.1.03sab.

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Ten final-year interpreting students, all native speakers of Italian, were asked to perform three tasks using two ‘non-standard’ English speeches, one by an Indian speaking English as a second language (speaker A), and one by an American speaking English as a native language with a strong accent (speaker B). The duration of each speech was about 11 minutes, of which a different section was used for each task. First, subjects listened to the initial part of each speech (about 3 minutes) and were tested for listening comprehension. They then shadowed part of the speeches (about 2 minutes), after which they simultaneously interpreted the remainder from English into Italian. The working hypotheses were that: (i) the three tasks involve an increasing level of complexity: listening comprehension being the simplest and simultaneous interpretation the most difficult; (ii) ‘non-standard’ language in the source speech is a potential problem trigger for the interpreter. Performance in the three tasks was evaluated by examining the subjects’ answers to questions in the listening comprehension task (the highest score possible being 12), and by transcribing the shadowing and the simultaneous interpretation (both scored on a 12 point scale). In addition, subjects’ handling of previously identified problem areas in each simultaneous interpreting task was evaluated, again on a 12 point scale. Scores for each task were divided into bands, to distinguish between ‘very high’, ‘high’, ‘low’, and ‘very low’. Performance in the three exercises partly reflected their growing complexity, listening comprehension being the simplest and simultaneous interpretation the most difficult. The non standard characteristics of the two speeches were indeed difficult for some of the subjects to interpret. Taking Gile’s Effort Model as a theoretical basis, the study also provides some insight as to which phase of simultaneous interpretation caused most difficulties.

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Kondrashova (Koz'mina), Vera Nikolaevna. "Non-Standard Combinatorial Behaviour of the Verb ‘to do’ in Modern English." Filologičeskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, no. 12 (December 2020): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2020.12.29.

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Choi, Yoon Ji. "A Contrastive Study of Non standard Pseudo clefts in Korean and English." Journal of Korea Linguistics 84 (December 31, 2017): 275–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.15811/jkl.2017..84.008.

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Zeegers, Margaret, Wayne Muir, and Zheng Lin. "the Primacy of the Mother Tongue: Aboriginal literacy and Non-Standard English." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 32 (2003): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100003823.

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AbstractThis article describes Indigenous Australian languages as having a history of pejoration dating from colonial times, which has masked the richness and complexity of mother tongues (and more recently developed kriols) of large numbers of Indigenous Australians.The paper rejects deficit theory representations of these languages as being inferior to imported dialects of English and explains how language issues embedded in teaching practices have served to restrict Indigenous Australian access to cultural capital most valued in modern socio-economic systems. We go on to describe ways in which alternative perspectives where acknowledgment of rich, complex and challenging features of Indigenous Australian languages may be used by educators as empowering resources for teacher education and teaching in schools. Our paper stresses the urgency of establishing frameworks for language success within which to develop other successful learning outcomes of Indigenous Australians.

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Bauer, Laurie. "The Morphology of English Dialects: Verb-Formation in Non-Standard EnglishbyLieselotte Anderwald." Journal of Sociolinguistics 16, no. 4 (September 2012): 562–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2012.00545_5.x.

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Mair, Christian. "The World System of Englishes." English World-Wide 34, no. 3 (October 11, 2013): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.34.3.01mai.

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Contact between and mutual influences among varieties of standard and non-standard English have always been a central concern in research on World Englishes. In a mobile and globalising world such contacts are by no means restricted to diffusion of features in face-to-face interaction, across contiguous territories in space or up and down the sociolinguistic scale. In order to better represent and understand the complex relationships obtaining between varieties of standard and non-standard English in the contemporary “English language complex” (McArthur 2003: 56; Mesthrie and Bhatt 2008: 1–3), the present paper proposes a new theoretical model, based on language systems theory (de Swaan 2002, 2010). While the model is not designed to supersede existing alternatives, such as the Kachruvian (1982) Circles, it will nevertheless complement them in important ways, chiefly because it is better equipped to handle uses of English in domains beyond the post-colonial nation state. The “World System of Englishes” model was developed in the course of the author’s work on the use of pidgins and creoles in web forums serving the post-colonial West African and Caribbean diasporas. The way Nigerian Pidgin figures in the creation of a globalised digital ethnolinguistic repertoire will hence serve as an illustration of its usefulness.

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Poon, Franky Kai-Cheung. "Hong Kong English, China English and World English." English Today 22, no. 2 (April 2006): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078406002045.

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Some reflections of a practising non-native speaking English teacher. Ten years ago, in a job interview for a teaching post in a government school, The writer was asked: ‘Do you think the government should recruit more native English-speaking teachers so as to boost the English standard of Hong Kong students?’ My answer took the interviewers by surprise: ‘No, I think the money should be spent on training local teachers who are more able to understand the needs of students learning English as a second or foreign language. I believe good English doesn’t necessarily mean British or American English. If we see English as an international language, anyone capable of using it as an effective communication tool can potentially be a good English teacher.’ I got the job, but there are still a few questions in my mind.

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Patrick, Peter L. "Creoles at the intersection of variable processes: -t,d deletion and past-marking in the Jamaican mesolect." Language Variation and Change 3, no. 2 (July 1991): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095439450000051x.

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ABSTRACT-t,d deletion is a well-known variable phonological process subject to the influence of both external social factors and internal structural constraints, including phonetic environmental and morphosyntactic effects. Its profile of variation has been widely investigated in American English dialects. However, it interacts with another grammatical process – the regular affixation of final /-t, -d/ as a past-tense marker – that strongly distinguishes these dialects from English-related creoles, where past-marking by this mechanism is infrequent or non-occurrent. Investigation of -t,d deletion in mesolectal Jamaican Creole (JC) thus raises important questions about the intersection of variable processes, the generality of phonetic environmental constraints, and the degree of difference between English-related creoles and metropolitan standard and non-standard Englishes.

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Knooihuizen, Remco. "Language shift and apparent standardisation in Early Modern English." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2015-0012.

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AbstractIt has been observed that language-shift varieties of English tend to be relatively close to Standard English (Trudgill and Chambers 1991: 2–3). An often-used explanation for this is that Standard English was acquired in schools by the shifting population (Filppula 2006: 516). In this paper, I discuss three cases of language shift in the Early Modern period: in Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and Shetland. I offer evidence that the role of Standard English education was, in fact, fairly limited, and suggest that the standard-likeness of Cornish English, Manx English and Shetland Scots is most likely due to the particular sociolinguistic circumstances of language shift, where not only language contact, but also dialect contact contributed to a loss of non-standard-like features and the acquisition of a standard-like target variety. This atelic and non-hierarchical process is termed apparent standardisation.

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Sönmez, Margaret J.-M. "AUTHENTICITY AND NON-STANDARD SPEECH IN GREAT EXPECTATIONS." Victorian Literature and Culture 42, no. 4 (September 19, 2014): 637–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000230.

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Susan L. Ferguson shows how Victorian novelists used the reported speech of their characters to create a “ficto-linguistics” wherein “the systems of language that appear in novels . . . indicate identifiable alternative patterns congruent to other aspects of the fictional world” (1). These novels present self-contained systems, she says, in which “speech relates in style as well as content to the speech of other characters, [and] all quoted language in a novel is contained within and potentially interacts with the language of the narrator” (1). Ferguson's interpretation of novelistic speech enables more convincing analyses of reported dialect speech than earlier efforts, which compared them directly to real-life dialects – a tendency that itself reflects the “grand narrative” of “authenticism” (Sanchez-Arce) – and which assumed that discrepancies and inconsistencies were stylistic weaknesses due, for instance, to over-sentimentality or “lowness” (Quirk 5), or to the writer being reluctant to depict virtuous characters as speaking non-standard English, regardless of the likelihood or possibility that characters from badly educated backgrounds would speak anything else.

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Dr. Uzma Imtiaz, Dr. Aisha Jadoon, and Ali Naqi. "Language Attitude of Pakistani Under-Graduate Students towards Non-Native Speakers." sjesr 3, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(16-24).

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English used by native English speakers was being followed as a standard token of usage for non-native English speakers for a longer time. However, with the spread of knowledge and technology, the English language across the world has provoked a much-heated debate about these norms whether they should be followed by the non-native English speaker or not. The present paper explores the response of Pakistani undergraduate university students about the effectiveness of the non-native English model of communication by using Kachru’s monocentric model which refutes the standard model of English language to focus more on conventional norms together with native politico-cultural needs. For this purpose, this study used a close-ended questionnaire that asked the non-native English speakers responses to the audio of three different English speeches Different varieties of spoken English existing across the Pakistani society point towards the strong influence of culture over language. This research concludes that the English language has now got the status of pluricentricity based on micro-level variation, so it is impossible to rely on a single communication model for language users considering their diversity.

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Awonusi, V. O. "Whose Standard, Which Model? Towards the Definition of a Standard Nigerian Spoken English for Teaching, Learning and Testing in Nigerian Schools." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 89-90 (January 1, 1990): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.89-90.05awo.

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Abstract The adoption of RP as a model of teaching in non-native speaker English societies such as Nigeria seems to have come to say. However, the accent of English that emerged in Nigeria, over the years, (to some linguists) is anything but RP (although some hold the view that there are a few RP speakers in Nigeria). We are, therefore, forced to ask the question: What is RP?; or better still: what are its defining characteristics, particularly in relation to non-native varieties of English? Consequently, were are motivated to search for, and identify alternative local (standard) accents for teaching purposes. This paper attempts to identify the Nigerian standard accent of English that is appropriate for adoption as a model for teaching English pronunciation. It examines the problems associated with the identification of a standard form in the light of variables such as international intelligibility local acceptability, a real and social variation, in native and non-native speaker communities alike. On the basis of socio-linguistic realities it recommends an accent for teaching, learning and testing in Nigerian schools.

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Chervak, Steven, Colin G. Drury, and James P. Ouellette. "Simplified English for Aircraft Workcards." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 5 (October 1996): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604000502.

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For technical communications in international civil aviation maintenance, most manufacturers have adopted a restricted language: Simplified English (SE). This uses a standard vocabulary and syntax rules with the aim of improving understanding, particularly for people with restricted abilities in English. This paper describes the first test of the efficacy of Simplified English for comprehension of documentation used at the worksite by Aircraft Maintenance Technicians (AMTs). Sixteen workcards, representing two levels of difficulty (Easy and Difficult), two levels of language (SE and Non-SE) and two levels of document layout (standard and revised) were tested on 175 practicing AMTs in a between subject design using a comprehension test. Comprehension was significantly improved with Simplified English, particularly for the Difficult workcards and for non-native English speakers. No effects of layout were found.

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Miethaner, Ulrich. "Orthographic transcriptions of non-standard varieties: The case of Earlier African-American English." Journal of Sociolinguistics 4, no. 4 (November 2000): 534–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00129.

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Coelho, Gail M. "Anglo-Indian English: A nativized variety of Indian English." Language in Society 26, no. 4 (December 1997): 561–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500021059.

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ABSTRACTThe speech of native speakers of Indian English has generally been neglected in studies of English in South Asia. This article describes a variety of Indian English used by a section of the Anglo-Indian community in Madras, South India. A comparison of this variety to available descriptions of “General” or “Educated” Indian English shows that the two are substantially similar, but that the Anglo-Indian variety differs in two features: deletion of/h/ (h-dropping) and the distribution of r-lessness. The community shows classbased variation in the phonological feature of h-dropping and in one syntactic feature: auxiliary movement in questions. Sources for features of Anglo-Indian English are discussed, including possible inheritance from both standard and non-standard BrE dialects as well as transfer from Tamil, the likely substrate Indian language for this section of the Anglo-Indian community.(South Asia, Indian English, language variation)

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Miyagi, Kazufumi, Masatoshi Sato, and Alison Crump. "Perspectives: To Challenge the Unchallenged: Potential of Non-“Standard” Englishes for Japanese EFL Learners." JALT Journal 31, no. 2 (November 1, 2009): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj31.2-6.

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This paper calls for a broadening of the discussion of English language teaching (ELT) practices in Japan. We review issues associated with the global spread of English and link this discussion to the present “standard” English model of ELT in Japan. We propose three major benefits that would follow from an inclusion of non-“standard” (i.e., non American/British) Englishes in Japanese EFL classrooms. First, familiarity with different varieties could increase learners’ confidence when interacting with other non-native speakers (NNSs). Second, we review literature that shows that NNS-NNS interactions actually help learners improve their language skills. Finally, recognition of non-“standard” varieties of English would help Japanese learners challenge monolithic western-centric worldviews that marginalize regional, cultural, and linguistic norms and values. We connect this theory to practice by suggesting some possible changes to ELT in Japan. 本稿では、英語・米語に代表されるいわゆる標準英語の社会的文化的な影響について指摘し、日本英語教育において標準英語に対抗すべく多様な｢非標準｣英語の教育的可能性を探るものである。著者それぞれの研究を踏まえ、英米語に加え｢非標準｣英語を日本の英語教育現場で積極的に活用することで期待できる利点を三つ提唱する。第一に｢非標準｣英語に親しみを持つことにより、ノンネイティブ話者同士の対話に自信が持てるようになる。第二にノンネイティブ話者同士による対話活動は実際に第二言語習得に効果的である。第三に、｢非標準｣英語に触れることが、西洋的視点に偏りがちな日本人の世界観を省みる機会となり、多様な文化、言語に対する認識の向上が期待できる。以上の点を考察した上で、最後に英語教育現場における｢非｣標準英語の具体的な導入法ついて提案する。

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Gevorgyan, Gurgen. "Slang in Its Cultural Environment." Armenian Folia Anglistika 4, no. 1-2 (5) (October 15, 2008): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2008.4.1-2.020.

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The non-standard vocabulary of the English language has always been an interesting area of research. The 20th century saw an increase in this interest. Non-standard words and phrases started finding their ways into dictionaries, linguistic journals and even daily newspapers. However, it is still difficult to draw a strict distinction between the standard and non-standard vocabulary, since, as is known, language undergoes constant development. As a result, the same word that used to be considered as non-standard about 20 years ago, can be viewed as quite standard nowadays. Slang is a non-standard form of English. It is a lexical novelty in a certain cultural environment. It is equally existent in all languages and cultures. Many Indo-European languages are rich in slang words and phrases.

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Deumert, Ana, and Sibabalwe Oscar Masinyana. "Mobile language choices — The use of English and isiXhosa in text messages (SMS)." English World-Wide 29, no. 2 (April 23, 2008): 117–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.29.2.02deu.

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This paper looks at language choice and use in South African SMS communication (texting) among bilingual (isiXhosa / English-speaking) users. Although English is the preferred language for most of the 22 participants (aged between 18 and 27), SMSes also create a forum for isiXhosa literacy (either in isiXhosa messages or in mixed English-isiXhosa messages). The English-language SMSes produced by these bilingual speakers share many of the features which have been reported for English SMS communication internationally (abbreviations, paralinguistic restitutions, non-standard spellings), and provide evidence for what one might call a global English SMS standard. At the same time, however, their SMSes also contain local linguistic features and, in particular, local, cultural content. The isiXhosa messages differ markedly from the writers’ English-language messages in that they contain no abbreviated material, non-standard spellings or paralinguistic restitutions and thus violate the sociolinguistic maxims of SMS / texting as postulated by Thurlow (2003). These bilingual writers thus communicate in the electronic medium using two different languages as well as two, non-overlapping sets of sociolinguistic norms.

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Balič, Tina. "Attitudes towards Euro-English in a European Union Institution." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 13, no. 2 (December 16, 2016): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.13.2.131-152.

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This study deals with the attitudinal aspect of Euro-English, denoting a specific form of the English language that is frequently used within the institutions of the European Union. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 285 representatives who work for one of these institutions in Brussels. The respondents were asked to rate several deviations from Standard English, identified in a corpus-based analysis of EU texts, as either ‘acceptable’ or ‘unacceptable’ English usage. The findings reveal that the high acceptability rates of the proposed features among the non-native English-speaking respondents were mainly related to their proficiency in English and/or mother tongue interference. Moreover, since native speakers of English also accepted most of the proposed deviations, it follows that the participants did not seem to be aware of non-standardness in the test sentences. Euro-English must be regarded as EU jargon due to its technical, administrative or legal nature and not as a separate non-standard form of English for EU institutional settings.

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Gutiérrez, Maria Elena, and Mark Amengual. "Perceptions of Standard and Nonstandard Language Varieties: The Influence of Ethnicity and Heritage Language Experience." Heritage Language Journal 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.13.1.3.

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The present study examines perceptions of standard and nonstandard varieties of English and the roles of perceived speaker ethnicity and heritage language experience. In this study, 24 English monolinguals and 24 English-Spanish heritage language bilinguals were asked to evaluate three speech samples representing native Standard American English, Chicano English, and non-native Spanish-accented English, each paired with one of three photographs of an individual reflecting idealized “Hispanic” or “non-Hispanic” ethnic identities. Both the language variety heard and the ethnic identity visually associated with a given speaker were found to influence listeners’ perceptions of the individual. While this study supports previous findings that visual cues lead to discrimination in language perception, it also indicates that language experience may mitigate this effect.

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Dixon, Sally. "Educational failure or success." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 36, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 302–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.36.3.05dix.

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Within the Australian education system, Aboriginal students’ use of non-standard English features is often viewed simplistically as evidence of non-attainment of literacy and oral-English milestones. One reason for this is the widespread use of assessment tools which fail to differentiate between native- English speakers and students who are learning English as a second language. In these assessments, non-standard English features are framed as ‘mistakes’ and low scores taken as evidence of ‘poor’ performance. This paper will contrast a mistake-oriented analysis with one that incorporates knowledge of the students’ first language. It will clearly show that when consideration is given to the first language, a more nuanced picture of English proficiency emerges: one that is attuned to the specific second language learning pathway and thus far better placed to inform both assessment and classroom instruction.i

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Lu, Luke. "Disaffiliation amongst academically elite students in Singapore: the role of a non-standard variety of English." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2021, no. 271 (September 1, 2021): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-0039.

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Abstract This article seeks to examine whether and how a non-standard variety of English (i.e. Singlish) might contribute to (dis)affiliation amongst a multinational group of academically elite students in Singapore. Using interview data when informants expressed ideologies about Singlish and Standard English, I argue that informants tended to orient to two different social fields in interviews: a field of education where Standard English is consistently valued by them, and an informal field of socialisation where the value of Singlish is contested. Differences in valuation of Singlish suggest disaffiliation between two groups of academically elite students: (a) immigrants from China who arrived more recently and do not value Singlish; (b) localised peer groups (including immigrants and Singaporeans) who claim to value and practise Singlish in their informal interactions. There are implications for our understanding of the role of vernaculars in processes of transnational migration, and Singlish as a local marker of solidarity.

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Stell, Gerald. "Representing Variation in Creole Continua: A Folk Linguistic View of Language Variation in Trinidad." Journal of English Linguistics 46, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424218769724.

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The issue of linguistic distinctions in creole continua has been extensively debated. Are creole continua comprised of just an “acrolect” and a “basilect,” or do they also comprise additional varieties? Studies of variation in creole continua have been typically based on directly observed linguistic data. This study argues that perceived sociolinguistic distinctions can offer one point of departure for establishing what linguistic components constitute creole continua. Following a protocol developed within “Perceptual Dialectology” (see, e.g., Preston 1999) this study describes perceived sociolinguistic distinctions via folk linguistic descriptors elicited by means of linguistic map-drawing and labeling tasks. The aim of this study is to investigate perceived language variation in the Caribbean island of Trinidad, where Standard English historically co-exists as an official language with creolized varieties of English, which the literature generally refers to as “Trinidadian Creole English.” The main finding of this study is that Standard English has a strong perceptual association with Trinidad’s historic urban centers, while non-standard varieties collectively referred to as “dialect” or “creole” are associated with the rest of the island. The study discusses indications that linguistic boundaries—largely parallel to ethnoracial boundaries—are perceived within the standard and non-standard part of the Trinidadian continuum. One major perceived linguistic criterion for differentiation within the non-standard part of the continuum is the presence or absence of Standard English elements. The saliency of “mixed” varieties suggests that a variety located halfway between Standard English and Trinidadian Creole English could be emerging. The study concludes that the urban-rural divide and ethnoracial distinctions constitute two salient social fault lines that future studies of language variation in Trinidad should take account of while searching the Trinidadian continuum for objectively verifiable linguistic boundaries.

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Morales, Andrea, and Natasha Warner. "Effects of listener characteristics on foreign-accentedness rating of a non-standard English dialect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, no. 5 (November 2013): 4248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4831631.

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Morales, Andrea, and Natasha Warner. "Effects of listener characteristics on foreign-accentedness rating of a non-standard English dialect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (April 2014): 2425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4878065.

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Rohdenburg, Günter. "Variable Plural Marking With Measure Nouns in Non-Standard English and Low German Dialects." NOWELE Volume 48 (January 2006) 48 (January 1, 2006): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.48.06roh.

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Faria, Rita. "“The Red Plague Rid You For Learning Me Your Language!” – Standard and Non-Standard Use in English and in Portuguese." Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses/Journal of Anglo-Portuguese Studies, no. 27 (2018): 229–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34134/reap.1991.208.276.

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This paper examines how non-standard British English is translated into European Portuguese with a view to understand the social attitudes and ideologies embedded in standard and non-standard European Portuguese. It focuses on a small corpus of literary works which resort to non-standard language as a fundamental linguistic trait of characters’ identity or plot in order to establish whether there were any successful attempts to maintain the deviation from standard in the target language. The paper fnds that the task of translating non-standard is ideologically charged insofar as it is mediation between normalised and non-normalised realities, very often requiring the specifc indexing of linguistic markers to particular social groups. The sensitivity involved in this process may explain why most translations examined, although able to render non-standard features in the target language to some extent, kept a closer proximity to standard language than the source texts. In view of this, most translations examined are imbued with an ideological thrust in favour of standard language.

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Koch, Harold. "Language and communication in Aboriginal land claim hearings." Communication and Translation in Aboriginal Contexts 5 (January 1, 1990): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.5.01koc.

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This paper discusses aspects of the intercultural communication processes involved in the quasi-legal presentation of claims to traditional land by Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory before the Aboriginal Land Commissioner. The findings are documented by means of selected extracts from the transcripts of proceedings. Although the proceedings took place predominantly in English, there was some use of interpreters, liberal use of words from Aboriginal languages, and even considerable usage of nonverbal gestures. Most of the Aboriginal witnesses spoke some form of non-standard English influenced by Kriol and traditional Australian languages. The most salient features of their non-standard English are described here. Aboriginal witnesses accommodated their language toward Standard English. Some of their non-standard utterances were clarified by others for the record. The court also accommodated somewhat to Aboriginal styles and forms of speech. Nevertheless there were numerous instances of communication failure, which had various specific causes but were not aided by the culturally alien general legal procedure of question-and-answer elicitation of information.

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Al-qadi, Nassir Saleh. "Testing the acquisition of English productive and non-productive derivatives by native-Arabic speakers." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 113-114 (January 1, 1996): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.113-114.01alq.

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Abstract Vocabulary development can be achieved by helping the foreign learner of English to acquire productivity and non-productivity in English derivation. In addition, the English productive derivatives should be given special attention in teaching to and learning by native-Arabic speakers because the Arabic language is a language of derivation and it is highly productive. This paper tests how the adult native-Arabic speakers learning English as a foreign language acquire English productive and non-productive derivatives. This will be done by comparing productivity in standard written Arabic and standard written English through contrastive analysis. The concept of contrastive analysis (CA) is initially called upon the fact that Arabic is a language of productive derivation while English is a language of more than one source of word-formation; borrowing, compounding and derivation. Moreover, productivity in English is not high. Secondly, morphology is subject to avoidance phenomenon by foreign learners. Hence, the predictive value of CA and also its testing in this paper should be very helpful for English teachers to native-Arabic speakers learning English and other foreign learners, language acquisition researchers, applied linguists, methodologists and textbook-writers.

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Saengboon, Saksit. "An Exploratory Study of Thai University Students’ Understanding of World Englishes." English Language Teaching 8, no. 11 (October 13, 2015): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n11p131.

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<p>This exploratory study investigated the perceptions of Thai university students towards World Englishes (WEs). One hundred and ninety-eight students from three universities in Bangkok were administered a questionnaire inquiring about definitions of WEs, the Kachruvian concentric circles, the concepts of standard and ownership of English, Thai English and the role of native vs. non-native English speaking teachers. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were ambivalent about WEs, although they still prized British and American English as most desirable. However, Thai English was perceived as undesirable, although they did not mind whether Thais may speak English with the Thai accent. Implications for classroom teaching and future research are provided.</p>

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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-standard English'

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