Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-tariff measure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Non-tariff measure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-tariff measure"

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Nga, Le Thi Viet, Doan Nguyen Minh, and Phan The Cong. "Assessing the Impacts of Non-Tariff Measures on the Export of Vietnam’s Main Agricultural and Seafood Products." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 6, no. 1 (2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i1.1090.

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With the development of free trade agreements, tariff barriers are gradually removed, and non-tariff measures are playing an important role in the trade policies of countries. However, studies on the effects of non-tariff measures on trade show a great disparity in results and both negative and positive influences can be found when non-tariff measures are imposed in different contexts. The heterogeneity in the result is often hypothesized to be the consequence of intrinsic characteristics related to products and countries; therefore, arguably, unbiased and reliable estimation of non-tariff measure effect on trade should be analyzed in product level data for a specific country. Hence, the study attempts to use the gravity model and Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood estimation (PPML) to quantify the effects of non-tariff measures on the export of some agricultural and seafood products of Vietnam to certain main markets including the United States (US), European Union (EU), China, and Japan. The research findings show that from a national perspective, non-tariff measures mostly have a negative impact on agricultural exports, especially sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPM), and countervailing measures (CM). In terms of commodities, coffee and seafood are particularly sensitive to non-tariff measures, while other key agricultural product groups are mostly affected by tariff measures.
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Darhyati, Andi Tenri, Suharno Suharno, and Amzul Rifin. "Impact of Non Tariff Measure on Indonesian Cacao Exports." International Journal of Agriculture System 5, no. 2 (2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i2.1191.

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Increased awareness of food safety issues has resulted in non-tariff measure in the form of sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade applied to various importing countries. The policy is widely applied by various countries on agricultural commodities, especially Cocoa. Cocoa is Indonesia's flagship commodity exported to many countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation and impact of non tariff measure on Indonesian cocoa exports. The model used in this research is to estimate the result of inventory approach in gravity model. The results show that Sanitary and Phytosanitary policy has an effect on decreasing export value of Indonesian Cocoa while Technical Barrier to Trade has no significant effect. SPS policy is mostly applied to Cocoa Beans while TBT is more applied to processed cocoa. So, Indonesia needs to improve the processing of cocoa beans such as cacao shells, cacao paste, cacao butter, cacao powder, chocolate and other preparations. The government needs to provide socialization to Indonesian cocoa agribusiness entrepreneurs in the implementation of sanitary and phytosanitary policy. Government programs or policies are designed according to the characteristics of SPS and TBT.
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Clark, Don P. "Recent changes in non-tariff measure use by industrial nations." International Trade Journal 6, no. 3 (1992): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08853909208523742.

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Clark, Don P. "Non-tariff measure use in Japan and the United States." Japan and the World Economy 6, no. 1 (1994): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(94)90037-x.

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Singh, Rakhi, and Seema Sharma. "Non Tariff Measures as a Policy Measure: an Analysis of India-EU Trade in Pharmaceutical Sector." International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 5, no. 4 (2018): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v5i4p102.

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Marette, Stéphan. "Non-Tariff Measures When Alternative Regulatory Tools Can Be Chosen." Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization 14, no. 1 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2015-0009.

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AbstractThis paper analyzes whether or not different non-tariff measures (NTM) like a standard or a mandatory label can be considered as protectionist in presence of market imperfections. From a welfare-based approach, protectionism occurs when the instrument maximizing domestic welfare is different from the alternative instrument maximizing international welfare inclusive of foreign profits. A framework taking into account different tools shows the complexity for characterizing protectionism related to different NTM. When the standard impacts variable costs, the mandatory label can be protectionist. When the standard impacts sunk costs, the standard can be protectionist. The framework is also useful for empirically characterizing the impact of NTM related to a specific product. An application to shrimp trade illustrates the feasibility of the welfare measure, for an ex ante evaluation of possible environmental regulations that could be implemented in the future. This application confirms that the tool maximizing domestic welfare does not systematically correspond to the tool maximizing international welfare.
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Soon, Byung-Min, and Seok-Ho Han. "Quantifying Non-Tariff Measures by Combining Cointegration Tests and Simulation Models with an Application to the Korean Beef Market." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 3 (2022): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.191.

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Purpose This study quantifies the non-tariff measures on the Korean beef market using a cointegration test and simulation model. Design/Methodology/Approach This paper introduces a hybrid approach which combines cointegration analysis and a simulation model. We assume that there are sanitary and phytosanitary measures in the Korean beef market after banning U.S. beef in 2004. Hence, we use cointegration test results using domestic and U.S. beef prices to calibrate simulation model for the Korean beef market. The approach follows the steps of (1) cointegration tests, (2) a partial equilibrium model, and (3) calculating an Ad-valorem equivalent SPS measure. Findings The results show that the Ad-valorem equivalent SPS measure is 77%. This size is larger than the 55% derived by the traditional price gap approach. Research Implications This study provides a hybrid model to quantify an SPS measure. We take the Korean beef market as there could be non-tariff barriers after the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy event in 2004. Our study not only quantifies the NTM in the Korean beef market but also introduces a hybrid approach for quantifying the NTM. Hence, our approach can apply to other studies related to NTM.
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REYNOLDS, KARA M., and BORIS RIGOD. "Russia–Tariff Treatment: Identifying Systematic Violations of WTO Law." World Trade Review 17, no. 2 (2018): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745617000659.

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AbstractIn October 2014, the European Union requested consultations with Russia under the WTO's dispute settlement system regarding Russia's tariff treatment of various agricultural and manufacturing products. Although most of the measures challenged by the EU were individual tariff lines, the final measure in its complaint was a ‘more general measure’ referred to as the systematic duty variation. A WTO Dispute Panel eventually ruled that the EU failed to establish the systematic nature of the duty treatment afforded by Russia to certain products. In this paper, we explore the Dispute Panel's ruling, as well as how claims of systematic non-compliance are treated in other legal settings. We conclude by exploring whether future WTO Panels should instead consider statistical evidence of systematic treatment to promote compliance.
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Singh, Rakhi, Seema Sharma, and Deepak Tandon. "Non-Tariff Measures in Indian Context and the European Union." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 9 (2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n9p54.

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Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world today. In line with global trade trends, Indian export sector has been growing and contributing significantly to the economy. Given its exports structure, India is well positioned to benefit from the structural changes in technology and emerging forces of globalization. Indian economy has shown remarkable progress in terms of foreign trade after the introduction of economic reforms in 1991. The European Union (EU) is a very important trading partner of India. The trade volumes between India and EU have shown remarkable improvement in last one and a half decade. After starting out at a relatively low level in the 1990’s, the trade volumes, both with respect to Indian exports to the EU as well as with respect to Indian imports from the EU, started to increase most noticeably after the year 2001.Use of non-tariff measures (NTMs) as means of protection has captured a lot of focus after reduction of tariffs in the world trade. India even after being a strategic partner for European Union (EU) has to face lot of NTMs on its exports. Based on studies in the past, link between the incidence of NTMs imposed by the home country and the income level of the foreign country has been established. The interplay of incidence of NTMs and the GDP remains largely unexplored in the context of India-EU trade relationship. This paper tries to fill this gap and show the importance of the study in policy decisions. Authors have used UNCTAD’s NTM data and Spearman’s correlation coefficient to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between incidence of NTM with per capita GDP of the exporting country (India). The authors have used different permutations of data from the main data set (1994-95 to 2016-17) for analysis and have concluded that incidence of NTMs on Indian exports to EU is positively co-related to the per capita GDP of India.
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Vanhegan, Ivor, Andrew Sankey, Warwick Radford, Simon Ball, and Charles Gibbons. "Trust compliance with best practice tariff criteria for total hip and knee replacement." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 80, no. 9 (2019): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2019.80.9.537.

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Background: Satisfaction of the best practice tariff criteria for primary hip and knee replacement enables on average an additional £560 of reimbursement per case. The Getting it Right First Time report highlighted poor awareness of these criteria among orthopaedic departments. Methods: The authors investigated the reasons for non-compliance with the best practice tariff criteria at their trust and implemented a quality improvement approach to ensure successful adherence to the standards (a minimum National Joint Registry compliance rate of 85%, a National Joint Registry unknown consent rate below 15%, a patient-reported outcome measure participation rate of ≥50%, and an average health gain not significantly below the national average). This was investigated using quarterly online reports from the National Joint Registry and NHS Digital. Results: Initially, the trust had a 31% patient-reported outcome measures participation rate arising from a systematic error in the submission of preoperative patient-reported outcome measure scores. Re-audit following the resubmission of patient-reported outcome measure data under the trust's correct organization data service code confirmed an improvement in patient-reported outcome measure compliance to 90% and satisfaction of all criteria resulting in over £450 000 of additional reimbursement to the trust. Conclusions: The authors would urge others to review their compliance with these four best practice tariff criteria to ensure that they too are not missing out on this significant reimbursement sum.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-tariff measure"

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LUARASI, MARSELA. "NON-TARIFF MEASURES AND TRADE FLOWS: THE CASE OF EU AGRI-FOOD STANDARDS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/260421.

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Trade may increase or decrease by imposing food standards. Thus there is not yet a clear trend whether the standards promote or hinder trade. From political point of view, a standard is considered as trade protectionist tool, which in agricultural trade takes the form of the so-called non-tariff measure (NTMs) including the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs), which is in the focus of this research work. The objective of this work is to quantify the protectionism of MRLs standards relative to the stringency of international standards of Codex Alimentarius and to give insights on the effects of European MRL standards on trade versus US and other countries. The empirical approach of gravity model is used to explain international trade flows. For the quantification of the protectionism we implement the aggregation index of NTMs established by Li and Beghin (2014). An importer’s MRL is defined as protectionist when the stringency of MRL standards exceeds the levels of Codex’s MRL. In our research work, the country-level results show that Europe has more protectionist food standards, compared to US.
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Suárez, Gómez William. "Cabotage : the effects of an external non-tariff measure on the competitiveness of agribusiness in Puerto Rico." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13464.

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Small islands developing states (SIDS) sustainability is a United Nations’ aim. Their markets are often influenced by external policies imposed by larger economies. Could an anti-competitive measure affect the food vulnerability of a SIDS? This research examines the effects of an external non-tariff measure (NTM) on Puerto Rico’s (PR) agribusinesses. It explores the effects of a maritime cabotage regulation (US Jones Act) on the affordability and accessibility of produce and grains. PR imports 100% of their needs of grain and over 85% of fresh produce. PR’s food imports are generally from the US and the trade service is restricted to the use of the US maritime transportation. As a result, the supply chain of these two sectors although different, are limited by the US Act that may impact the cost of food, its availability, firms’ efficiency and other structures of production. Using a mixed convergent design, PR’s agrifood supply chains were explored and analysed in relation to the maritime cabotage regulation. Oligopolistic structures and collusion between maritime transporters and local agribusinesses importers limit the access to data, but other internal factors also have a role. Fieldwork shows that while the cabotage regulation itself is a constraint, interaction with others NTM and the current political framework between US and PR are relevant. Factors such as lack of efficiency, poor innovation and a self-limitation of the agribusinesses firms were found. The novelty of this research is the use of mixed methods to evaluate the effects of cabotage on the agrifood supply chain.
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Suárez, II Gómez William. "Cabotage: The effects of an external non-tariff measure on the competitiveness of agribusiness in Puerto Rico." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13464.

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Small islands developing states (SIDS) sustainability is a United Nations’ aim. Their markets are often influenced by external policies imposed by larger economies. Could an anti-competitive measure affect the food vulnerability of a SIDS? This research examines the effects of an external non-tariff measure (NTM) on Puerto Rico’s (PR) agribusinesses. It explores the effects of a maritime cabotage regulation (US Jones Act) on the affordability and accessibility of produce and grains. PR imports 100% of their needs of grain and over 85% of fresh produce. PR’s food imports are generally from the US and the trade service is restricted to the use of the US maritime transportation. As a result, the supply chain of these two sectors although different, are limited by the US Act that may impact the cost of food, its availability, firms’ efficiency and other structures of production. Using a mixed convergent design, PR’s agrifood supply chains were explored and analysed in relation to the maritime cabotage regulation. Oligopolistic structures and collusion between maritime transporters and local agribusinesses importers limit the access to data, but other internal factors also have a role. Fieldwork shows that while the cabotage regulation itself is a constraint, interaction with others NTM and the current political framework between US and PR are relevant. Factors such as lack of efficiency, poor innovation and a self-limitation of the agribusinesses firms were found. The novelty of this research is the use of mixed methods to evaluate the effects of cabotage on the agrifood supply chain.
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Herghelegiu, Cristina. "Essays on international trade and non-tariff measures." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E021.

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Cette thèse analyse les mesures non-tarifaires et les barrières au commerce et leurs liens avec les échanges internationaux. Dans le chapitre 1, j’étudie les objectifs derrière l’implémentation des mesures non-tarifaires sur différents produits dans plusieurs pays en développement. Au-delà des objectifs légitimes, plusieurs mesures répondent à des objectifs économiques et politiques. Le chapitre 2 propose une analyse théorique et empirique du rôle des normes de qualité sur les entreprises hétérogènes et la qualité moyenne des produits exportés. Conjointement avec Anne-Célia Disdier et Carl Gaigné, nous montrons que, dans un contexte d’asymétrie d’information, l’adoption des normes engendre la sortie des entreprises de très basse qualité (quelle que soit leur productivité) et des entreprises de haute qualité et à basse productivité. Alors que la qualité moyenne des produits n’est pas affectée de manière significative, l’impact varie largement à travers les secteurs. Le chapitre 3, une collaboration avec Evgenii Monastyrenko, analyse comment les exportateurs russes et leurs clients internationaux se partagent les risques et les coûts pendant le processus d’expédition, compte tenu de leur exposition à de nombreux obstacles. Ainsi, les grands importateurs en termes de taille et nombre de partenaires assument davantage de risques et de coûts. La probabilité que les importateurs subissent davantage de responsabilités est également plus élevée dans les transactions de biens intermédiaires. Enfin, les importateurs localisés dans un pays avec un environnement propice aux affaires sont moins susceptibles d’assumer des risques et des coûts<br>This thesis tackles non-tariff measures and other trade-related barriers and their links to inter-national trade. In Chapter 1, I study the motivations behind the implementation of non-tariff measures on specific products in several developing countries. Beyond legitimate reasons, several measures appear to respond to economic and political motivations. Chapter 2 provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of the role of standard-like non-tariff measures on heterogeneous firms and the average quality of exported products. In this joint work with Anne-Célia Disdier and Carl Gaigné, we show that, under information asymmetry, the enforcement of standards induces the exit of very low-quality firms (regardless of their productivity), but also of high-quality low-productivity firms. While the overall average quality of exported products is not significantly affected, the impact varies significantly across sectors. Chapter 3, co-authored with Evgenii Monastyrenko, analyzes how Russian sellers and their international customers divide risks and costs throughout the shipping process, given their exposure to numerous barriers. Thus, big buyers in terms of size and number of connections appear to bear more risks and costs in international trade transactions. The probability that buyers take on more responsibilities is also higher for transactions of intermediate goods. Finally, when buyers are located in countries with a good business environment, they are less likely to take on responsibilities
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Hirang, Gemelee <1983&gt. "The Persistence of Non-Tariff Measures in ASEAN." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8790/1/Hirang_Gemelee_tesi.pdf.

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This thesis aims to shed light on the persistence of non-tariff measures in ASEAN. It begins with an analysis of the issues on compliance with, and effectiveness of, the region’s international law instruments relating to non-tariff measures. The persistence of non-tariff measures may be due to the trade regime’s inability to provide the Member States with sufficient incentives to comply with their obligations. This is followed by a look into the Member States’ underlying motivations. It is noteworthy that the persistence of non-tariff measures coincided with significant structural changes in the region’s economies. This thesis shows how these structural changes may have influenced the preferences of different actors in the Member States for non-tariff measures. The last part of this thesis builds upon these insights and extends the analysis to an examination of the underlying determinants of trade policy in the region. The results indicate that economic factors do matter. Additionally, the degree of political insulation and accountability may affect how governments respond to these societal preferences, as reflected in laws, policies, and regulations. Thus, non-tariff measures persist in ASEAN because its trade regime failed to overcome the policymakers’ interests in catering to the societal preferences for different kinds of trade measures.
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Antal, Jarolím. "Transatlantické hospodárské vzťahy v meniacom sa prostredí svetovej ekonomiky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191791.

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This thesis focuses on analysis of the shifting role of the state in the context of globalization processes and aims to explain acting of the state in a bilateral cooperation, as an actor who faces these challenges. This framework is afterwards examined on the transatlantic economic cooperation. Main argument is, that in the bilateral cooperation, such shifts can be observed, that are intertwined with greater interactions of components of the states. These transgovernmental networks can be considered inevitable in response to the rising significance of non-tariff barriers and in trade liberalization. In case of the EU-US partnership, the cooperation on this level is focused on harmonizing of regulatory measures what is crucial for further integration of the transatlantic economic relations.
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Kalaba, Mmatlou W. "The impact of non-tariff measures on SADC agricultural trade." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43366.

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Fifteen countries which are members of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have embarked on a regional integration initiative. In 1996, a trade protocol that aimed to increase trade among members by removing trade barriers was signed. In the year 2000, this protocol was implemented, leading to a Free Trade Area (FTA) in 2008. More than 85 % of SADC trade was free of customs duties from 2008 onwards. However, while custom tariffs were reduced, the share of SADC trade did not show any improvement over the tenyear period after implementing the trade protocol. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to examine the factors which contributed to lack of improvement in SADC trade, particularly the role of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs). One of the main challenges in analysing NTMs in SADC is the unavailability of relevant information. An SADC NTM database was built as a repository of official NTMs. In order to quantify NTMs, a database was classified, similarly to the international database. Agricultural products at HS 4-digit level for ten SADC countries were included in this repository, and groupedinto six main categories; namely animal products, cereals, horticultural products, oilseeds, industrial and processed products. The trade data challenges within SADC countries inadvertently prescribed the econometric methods to apply for the set objectives of the study. The two main challenges of SADC trade data are missing data for some years and high percentage of zero trade flows. A latent threshold gravity model was employed with hierarchical specification to control for country effects. The hierarchical model captures individual country effects, such as the impact of NTMs on trade volumes, and thus intra-SADC trade. Such impact was then assessed when an additional NTM is introduced or increases trade volumes. The two effect models were examining the attributes of changes in regional trade, as well as those attributes of change in NTMs. The effects NTMs were incorporated into the model by weighting the number of NTMs by share of trade in the region, as well as ranks of country NTMs within product groups. Types of NTMs which were estimated are Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary measures (SPS), Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and an aggregation of all other NTMs which do not belong to the two groups. Results show that there is evidence NTMs were increasing at the same period when tariffs were being reduced. Using the inventory methods of evaluating presence and prevalence of NTMs, it was also evident that NTMs are used across most agricultural products. The percentage of products affected by NTMs in 2010 was much higher than in 2000. The econometric model results show that all gravity model variables, GDP, border and language were consistent with the theoretical expectations.Distance does nothave significant influence on SADC trade. The reason for this has to do with the trading pattern of SADC countries, which is very high between contiguous members, compared to non-contiguous members. The estimation of zero observed trade, using a threshold model, provided additional understanding of the role and reasons for such trade. The estimated effects of the observed zero trade showed that if this threshold is high, implying that trade costs (NTMs) are restricting trade, then zero trade was observed. When high percentage of zero trade is observed, then intra-SADC trade remains small or declines. However, if the threshold is low, intra-SADC trade increases, as was observed in the case of industrial products. The overall results confirm that NTMs do have an impact on intra-SADC trade. Industrial and cereal products are more responsive to NTMs than the other five product groups. A unit change in NTMs by regional trade members has more effects on intra- regional trade than a unit change in trade value. That is the case because the SADC is already exchanging a large share of its total trade with non-SADC members. Therefore, attention should be given to addressing the way NTMs are introduced. One of the important findings from the study is that the intra-SADC trade is affected more by the effect of an additional NTM, than an additional unit of trade in value. The effect of addressing NTMs is one and half more than those of additional trade value. So, in order to improve intra-SADC trade performance, focus must on addressing the NTMs and growing trade. In addressing NTMs, it does not necessarily require removing or even reducing them. It is about making it easy to comply with them. SADC trade can be improved substantially by aiming to harmonise NTMs and overall policies.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.<br>lk2014<br>Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development<br>PhD<br>unrestricted
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Nascimento, Tiago Reis do. "Análise ao comércio da União Europeia para o Japão no período 2012 a 2017 no âmbito do Economic Partneship Agreement." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19799.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus<br>O presente trabalho irá incidir a sua análise no acordo de livre comércio entre a União Europeia ? UE - e o Japão - EU - Japan, Economic Partnership Agreement. Ambas as economias aqui analisadas enfrentam atualmente uma série de novos desafios que surgiram com a alteração do mapa geopolítico, em especial, com o surgimento de potências económicas como a China. Partindo de uma análise sobre as relações históricas, abordamos o foco económico e político de ambos os parceiros, e retiramos conclusões com a análise dos atuais fluxos de comércio da UE para o Japão e das tarifas alfandegárias e não alfandegárias impostas aos bens de países da UE que são exportados para o Japão. Em termos dos cálculos empíricos que efetuámos, recorremos a uma análise das exportações para o Japão da UE a 27 países mais Alemanha, França, Irlanda e Itália no período 2012 a 2017, através da aplicação das seguintes metodologias: (i) Constant Market Share - CMS, que permite a decomposição das exportações dos países em estudo em fatores de competitividade, produto e escala; (ii) Índices de Orientação Geográfica - IOG, e Complementaridade de Comércio - ICC, que permitem medir o potencial de comércio dos países da UE acima referidos para o Japão. Os valores do CMS e dos índices IOG e ICC serão confrontados com uma análise qualitativa das reduções de tarifas alfandegárias e não alfandegárias obtidos com o acordo UE - Japão.<br>This paper will focus its analysis on the European Union - Japan Free Trade Agreement - EU - Japan, Economic Partnership Agreement. Both economies analyzed here face a currently high number of challenges that have arisen with the alteration of the geopolitical map, in particular, with the emergence of economies such as China. Starting from an analysis of historical relations, economic and political relations, followed by the analysis of the current trade, customs and non-customs tariff flows imposed on EU goods exported to Japan and imposed by the last, we will draw up an overview of pre-agreement relations between parts. This study will analyze the EU (27 countries) and Germany, Italy, France, and Ireland from 2012 to 2017, applying the methodologies: Constant Market Share that allows the decomposition of exports from the study countries into factors. competitiveness, product and scale; secondly, we will use the Geographical Orientation Index and Trade Complementarity Index both to measure the trade potential of the 4 EU countries to Japan. The values of the CMS and the GOI and TCI will, ultimately, allow to compare their results with a qualitative analysis of the customs and non-customs tariff reductions achieved under the EU - Japan agreement.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Hirang, Gemelee Gavino [Verfasser]. "The Persistence of Non-Tariff Measures in ASEAN / Gemelee Gavino Hirang." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1228537666/34.

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Hejazi, Mina. "Three Essays on Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade and U.S. Market Access to China." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87399.

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International trade encourages innovation, boosts development, reduces poverty, creates new markets, enhances competitiveness, improves product quality, and expands the consumer choice set. This dissertation is composed of three papers examining barriers to agricultural trade. The first two papers examine the impact of tariff and non-tariff barriers to agricultural trade while the third paper investigates China's domestic agricultural and international trade policies in order to promote U.S. market access in China. The first paper investigates how trade liberalization expands the range of products available for import and consumption. A multinomial logit framework of unordered export categories is developed: no trade margin, disappearing margin, intensive margin, and extensive margin. The findings of this paper suggest exporters gain from tariff reductions because they can establish new product relationships with the U.S. and enhance their U.S., and potentially global, supply chains. In addition, if consumers value variety in consumption, the extensive product margin results can be viewed as a positive welfare gain for U.S. agri-food consumers. The second paper focuses on non-tariff measures (NTM), which have significant implications for agricultural trade and food marketing. This paper focuses on maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides and their trade restricting nature on U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable trade under the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Specifically, this research develops a bilateral index to measure the stringency of destination market tolerances for pesticide residues relative to those faced in the United States. Using a Heckman two-step model, the results shed considerable light on existing regulatory heterogeneity, which has important implications for policy to focus on increasing compatibility of NTMs across trading nations. The third paper examines China's evolving agricultural and trade policies and discusses the potential impact on U.S. exports to China. China's agricultural imports, and policies affecting those agricultural products, have important implications for the U.S. as the leading export supplier to the Chinese market. China's price support programs, aimed at improving food security and Chinese farmers' incomes, increased domestic prices. This created a gap between domestic and international prices that led to excessive Chinese stockpiles. In response, China implemented respective target prices for cotton and soybeans, eliminated the price support for corn, and continues to introduce new policies.<br>Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Non-tariff measure"

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Aki, Kuwahara, Laird Sam, and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Division for International Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities. Trade Analysis Branch., eds. Quantification of non-tariff measures. United Nations, 2002.

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United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Sectoral Studies Branch. Tariff and non-tariff measures in the world trade of pesticides. The Branch, 1987.

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1973-, Malouche Mariem, Sáez Sebastián, and World Bank, eds. Streamlining non-tariff measures: A toolkit for policymakers. World Bank, 2012.

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Branch, United Nations Industrial Development Organization Sectoral Studies. Tariff and non-tariff measures in the world trade of pharamaceutical products. The Branch, 1987.

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Stern, Robert M. An assessment of the GATT codes on non-tariff measures. Gower, 1988.

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Heal, Adam. Trade and non-tariff measures: Impacts in the Asia-Pacific region. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, 2015.

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Mohanty, S. K. Analysis of environment related non-tariff measures in the European Union: Implications for South Asian exports. Research and Information System for the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries, 2002.

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S, Dee Philippa, and Ferrantino Michael J, eds. Quantitative methods for assessing the effects of non-tariff measures and trade facilitation. World Scientific Pub., 2005.

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Low, Patrick. Nontariff measures and developing countries: Has the Uruguay Round leveled the playing field? Economists, International Trade Division, World Bank, 1994.

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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific., ed. Non-tariff measures with potentially restrictive market access implications emerging in a post-Uruguay Round context. United Nations, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-tariff measure"

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Lee, Eun Sup. "Regulation on Non-tariff Measures." In World Trade Regulation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31143-7_3.

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Cadot, Olivier, and Lili Yan Ing. "Non-tariff measures and harmonisation." In East Asian Integration. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429433603-8.

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Kumar, C. Nalin. "Non-tariff measures on India's agri-food exports." In The Routledge Handbook of Post-Reform Indian Economy. Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367855741-14.

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Jha, Abhishek, and Seema Bathla. "Non-tariff Measures and India’s Agricultural Exports: The Case of India-ASEAN Trade Agreement." In India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6854-5_6.

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Bekkers, Eddy, and Hugo Rojas-Romagosa. "Non-tariff Measure Estimations in Different Impact Assessments." In Behind-the-Border Policies. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108751698.005.

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"Non-tariff measures." In World Tariff Profiles. WTO, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/50400867-en.

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"Non-tariff measures." In World Tariff Profiles. WTO, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/27f25461-en.

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"Non-tariff measures." In World Tariff Profiles. WTO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/030606fd-en.

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"Non-tariff measures." In World Tariff Profiles. WTO, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/0a3616e5-en.

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"Non-tariff measures." In World Tariff Profiles. WTO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/9789287053695-160.zhtml.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-tariff measure"

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Storozhuk, Oleksandr, and Oleksandra Shevchuk. "THE IMPLICATIONS OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES." In ADVANCED DISCOVERIES OF MODERN SCIENCE: EXPERIENCE, APPROACHES AND INNOVATIONS. European Scientific Platform, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-09.04.2021.v1.26.

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Tudela Marco, Lorena, José María García Álvarez-Coque, and Maria Luisa Marti Selva. "Determinants of Non-Tariff Measures in Agricultural Trade." In 1st International Conference on Business Management. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/icbm.2015.1294.

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Mojsovska, Silvana, and Predrag Bjelic. "NON-TARIFF MEASURES IN CEFTA 2006: PERSPECTIVES OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND SERBIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0019.

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This article addresses non-tariff measures applied in CEFTA 2006, analysed specifically from the perspective of two Parties – North Macedonia and Serbia. It provides insight into the business community’s views in each country with regard to the non-tariff measures noted in their trade within CEFTA, as well as comparison of the Macedonian and Serbian case of imposing, addressing and overcoming the non-tariff measures. The article derives on the findings of the empirical research conducted in parallel in both countries in June-August 2021 within the framework of the EU Funded GIZ Project: Support to the Regional Economic Integration. It also reflects relevant legislation, such as CEFTA 2006 Protocols. In terms of content, the article includes overview of the trade within CEFTA 2006 and focuses on the non-tariff measures relevant to North Macedonia and Serbia, in particular - sanitary and phytosanitary measures; technical barriers to trade; price control measures and trade facilitation measures, such as formalities connected with import, export and transit, along with the procedures of release and clearance of the goods. The analysis of the empirical information indicates that sanitary and phytosanitary measures and trade facilitation have been reported as most common problems by both parties, despite the CEFTA Protocols regulating some of the issues. The article’s conclusions mirror the findings of the research and provide recommendations about possibilities for overcoming the non-tariff measures in CEFTA 2006.
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Tarasova, R. I., and E. A. Tsarevskaya. "NON-TARIFF REGULATORY MEASURES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE. INPACT ON IMPORTS FROM CHINA." In RUSSIA AND CHINA: A VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT. Amur State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/rc.2019.2.89.

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Wang, Hongyu. "Trump's Steel and Aluminum Tariff Measures under the Perspective of Non-Violation Claims." In Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Social Science and Contemporary Humanity Development (SSCHD 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sschd-19.2019.119.

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Munadi, Ernawati, and Ayu Sinta Saputri. "Exploring Non-Tariff Measures Facing the Indonesian Agricultural Products in FTA/CEPA Trading Partners." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.17.

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Hermawan, Iwan. "Measuring Asean Rice Non-tariff Measures (NTMS) and its Impact on Indonesian Food (Rice) Security." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Accounting, Management and Economics 2018 (ICAME 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icame-18.2019.37.

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Kurniasih, Tyas, and Maddaremmeng A. Panennungi. "Estimating Ad Valorem Equivalents (AVES) of Non-Tariff Measures: The Case of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) in Indonesian Bilateral Trade with 20 Main Trade Partners." In Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210531.062.

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Reports on the topic "Non-tariff measure"

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Amanta, Felippa. The Cost of Non-Tariff Measures on Food and Agriculture in Indonesia. Center for Indonesian Policy Studies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35497/345260.

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Alavi, Rokiah. An Overview of Key Markets, Tariffs and Non-tariff Measures on Asian Exports of Select Environmental Goods. International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/nr_ip_20070312.

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Boniface, Gideon, and Christopher Magomba. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.038.

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Since the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, the pandemic has brought both social and economic impacts to global communities, although to varying degrees. Since the onset of the pandemic, different regions have responded in various ways by taking different measures to fight the pandemic and its effects. In Tanzania, the first case was recorded on 16 March 2020 and, to contain the spread of the virus, on 17 March 2020, the Prime Minister announced measures including the closure of all education institutions, the suspension of public gatherings and international passenger flights, and mandatory quarantine for individuals entering Tanzania. However, in June 2020, the government announced the easing of the restrictions after observing a significant decrease in the COVID-19 infection rate and, despite a subsequent ‘second wave’ of the virus, the government declined to re-institute movement restrictions. This decision led to the implementation of non-tariff trade barriers which were imposed on cargo carrying grain and other exports to neighbouring countries, especially Kenya. The situation became so bad that diplomatic intervention had to be sought. In order to understand the resulting socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis in Tanzania, data were collected in three waves during mid-July2020, October 2020 and February 2021. This paper presents a synthesis of the results of these three survey rounds.
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