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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Non-tariff measure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

LUARASI, MARSELA. "NON-TARIFF MEASURES AND TRADE FLOWS: THE CASE OF EU AGRI-FOOD STANDARDS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/260421.

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Trade may increase or decrease by imposing food standards. Thus there is not yet a clear trend whether the standards promote or hinder trade. From political point of view, a standard is considered as trade protectionist tool, which in agricultural trade takes the form of the so-called non-tariff measure (NTMs) including the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs), which is in the focus of this research work. The objective of this work is to quantify the protectionism of MRLs standards relative to the stringency of international standards of Codex Alimentarius and to give insights on the effects of Europ

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2

Suárez, Gómez William. "Cabotage : the effects of an external non-tariff measure on the competitiveness of agribusiness in Puerto Rico." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13464.

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Small islands developing states (SIDS) sustainability is a United Nations’ aim. Their markets are often influenced by external policies imposed by larger economies. Could an anti-competitive measure affect the food vulnerability of a SIDS? This research examines the effects of an external non-tariff measure (NTM) on Puerto Rico’s (PR) agribusinesses. It explores the effects of a maritime cabotage regulation (US Jones Act) on the affordability and accessibility of produce and grains. PR imports 100% of their needs of grain and over 85% of fresh produce. PR’s food imports are generally from the

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3

Suárez, II Gómez William. "Cabotage: The effects of an external non-tariff measure on the competitiveness of agribusiness in Puerto Rico." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13464.

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Small islands developing states (SIDS) sustainability is a United Nations’ aim. Their markets are often influenced by external policies imposed by larger economies. Could an anti-competitive measure affect the food vulnerability of a SIDS? This research examines the effects of an external non-tariff measure (NTM) on Puerto Rico’s (PR) agribusinesses. It explores the effects of a maritime cabotage regulation (US Jones Act) on the affordability and accessibility of produce and grains. PR imports 100% of their needs of grain and over 85% of fresh produce. PR’s food imports are generally from th

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4

Herghelegiu, Cristina. "Essays on international trade and non-tariff measures." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E021.

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Cette thèse analyse les mesures non-tarifaires et les barrières au commerce et leurs liens avec les échanges internationaux. Dans le chapitre 1, j’étudie les objectifs derrière l’implémentation des mesures non-tarifaires sur différents produits dans plusieurs pays en développement. Au-delà des objectifs légitimes, plusieurs mesures répondent à des objectifs économiques et politiques. Le chapitre 2 propose une analyse théorique et empirique du rôle des normes de qualité sur les entreprises hétérogènes et la qualité moyenne des produits exportés. Conjointement avec Anne-Célia Disdier et Carl Gai

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5

Hirang, Gemelee <1983&gt. "The Persistence of Non-Tariff Measures in ASEAN." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8790/1/Hirang_Gemelee_tesi.pdf.

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This thesis aims to shed light on the persistence of non-tariff measures in ASEAN. It begins with an analysis of the issues on compliance with, and effectiveness of, the region’s international law instruments relating to non-tariff measures. The persistence of non-tariff measures may be due to the trade regime’s inability to provide the Member States with sufficient incentives to comply with their obligations. This is followed by a look into the Member States’ underlying motivations. It is noteworthy that the persistence of non-tariff measures coincided with significant structural changes in t

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6

Antal, Jarolím. "Transatlantické hospodárské vzťahy v meniacom sa prostredí svetovej ekonomiky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191791.

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This thesis focuses on analysis of the shifting role of the state in the context of globalization processes and aims to explain acting of the state in a bilateral cooperation, as an actor who faces these challenges. This framework is afterwards examined on the transatlantic economic cooperation. Main argument is, that in the bilateral cooperation, such shifts can be observed, that are intertwined with greater interactions of components of the states. These transgovernmental networks can be considered inevitable in response to the rising significance of non-tariff barriers and in trade liberali

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7

Kalaba, Mmatlou W. "The impact of non-tariff measures on SADC agricultural trade." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43366.

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Fifteen countries which are members of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have embarked on a regional integration initiative. In 1996, a trade protocol that aimed to increase trade among members by removing trade barriers was signed. In the year 2000, this protocol was implemented, leading to a Free Trade Area (FTA) in 2008. More than 85 % of SADC trade was free of customs duties from 2008 onwards. However, while custom tariffs were reduced, the share of SADC trade did not show any improvement over the tenyear period after implementing the trade protocol. Accordingly, the

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8

Nascimento, Tiago Reis do. "Análise ao comércio da União Europeia para o Japão no período 2012 a 2017 no âmbito do Economic Partneship Agreement." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19799.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus<br>O presente trabalho irá incidir a sua análise no acordo de livre comércio entre a União Europeia ? UE - e o Japão - EU - Japan, Economic Partnership Agreement. Ambas as economias aqui analisadas enfrentam atualmente uma série de novos desafios que surgiram com a alteração do mapa geopolítico, em especial, com o surgimento de potências económicas como a China. Partindo de uma análise sobre as relações históricas, abordamos o foco económico e político de ambos os parceiros, e retiramos conclusões com a análise dos atuais fluxos de comércio

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9

Hirang, Gemelee Gavino [Verfasser]. "The Persistence of Non-Tariff Measures in ASEAN / Gemelee Gavino Hirang." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1228537666/34.

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10

Hejazi, Mina. "Three Essays on Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade and U.S. Market Access to China." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87399.

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International trade encourages innovation, boosts development, reduces poverty, creates new markets, enhances competitiveness, improves product quality, and expands the consumer choice set. This dissertation is composed of three papers examining barriers to agricultural trade. The first two papers examine the impact of tariff and non-tariff barriers to agricultural trade while the third paper investigates China's domestic agricultural and international trade policies in order to promote U.S. market access in China. The first paper investigates how trade liberalization expands the range of

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11

Fink, Gerhard. "New protectionism in Central Europe. Exchange rate adjustment, customs tariffs and non-tariff measures." Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/970/1/document.pdf.

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Many of the 10 Central European candidate member countries for EU accession entered into the transition period with strongly undervalued exchange rates to stimulate exports and protect domestic industries. However, this policy was not maintained. During 1993-1995 real currency appreciation increased competitive pressure by foreign firms. To protect domestic firms governments applied high third country tariffs, temporary import taxes, and numerous administrative barriers to trade. As countervailing pressure by the EU and the USA increased and current account deficits soared in 1996 and 1997, th

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12

Phaswana, Pfarelo Edwin. "The impact of non-tariff measures on meat trade between Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Zambia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65940.

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The Southern African Development Community (SADC) displayed notable success in pushing for trade liberalisation through tariff reductions. This was achieved following the signing of the SADC protocol on trade in 1996. The implementation of the protocol commenced in 2000. About 85 % of intra-SADC trade was free of duty in 2008 and the Southern African Development Community Free Trade Area (SADC-FTA) was launched. Maximum tariff reductions were achieved in 2012. The main aim for SADC tariff reductions under the trade protocol was to improve intra-SADC trade. However, this is not what happened, s

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13

Traore, Ousmane Z. "Three essays on technical non-tariff measures in developed countries and African countries' international trade in agricultural products." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68840.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les implications économiques des mesures techniques non tarifaires (MTNT) en vigueur dans les pays développés sur le commerce international de produits agroalimentaires des pays Africains. De façon plus spécifique, elle s'intéresse à trois questions principales. La première, qui est plus générale, est de savoir quel est et qu'est-ce qui détermine l'effet net de l'ensemble des mesures techniques non tarifaires en vigueur dans les pays de l'OCDE sur les exportations Africaines de produits végétaux. La deuxième question, plus spécifique, cherche à savoir q

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14

Subow, Valentina. "The global governance of trade in agriculture: the role of tariff and non-tariff measures illustrated with an example of agricultural exports from South Africa to the EU." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6809.

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Due to its importance to food security and employment, the agricultural sector is a source of international conflict and inherently vulnerable to shocks and insecurities in the past and present. Accordingly, nation-states view respective domesticagricultural sectors as an exception, which meritsprotectionism and which needs protection from the rigors of free market forces and international competition withoutincurring heavy social, economic and political costs. For that matter, states traditionally impose protectionist measures to guard domestic agricultural sectors from external shocks. Para

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15

Ramniceanu, Radu. "An Empirical Assessment of the Effects of SPS Regulations on U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Exports." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76926.

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A fundamental requirement in agricultural trade is that imported products are safe, and do not pose a risk to human, animal and plant health. To address this issue, all countries maintain measures to ensure that imported food is safe for consumers, and to prevent the spread of disease among animals and plants. These measures, by their nature, can affect competitiveness by increasing the costs of imports or prohibiting them altogether. To ensure that these measures are used for their intended purpose and not as protectionist measures, WTO member countries signed the Agreement on the Application

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16

TAGHOUTI, IBTISSEM. "A political economy approach to measuring EU food standard enforcement and their implications on agri-food trade." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/89095.

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The effect of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) on agri-food trade has drawn broad research interest and gained a substantial attention by scientific community as well as by policy makers. Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) standards among others represent a major challenge for trade policy and food safety. The identification and measurement of the economic implications of NTMs require the use of an adequate both methodological and empirical framework to derive sound estimates. By targeting economic sectors and issues not previously investigated, this Thesis contributes to previous literature on determ

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17

Bondarczuk, Eduardo Henrique. "Funções do Comitê Sanitário e Fitossanitário da Organização Mundial do Comércio : o comitê como foro harmonizador e solucionador de conflitos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134405.

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Após a criação do Acordo Geral Sobre Pautas Aduaneiras e Comércio (GATT) em 1947, as barreiras não tarifárias passaram a ser o principal instrumento utilizado pelos países para a proteção do mercado nacional. Os países que buscavam a liberalização do comércio internacional passaram, então, a buscar soluções a fim de conter tais barreiras. Havia uma dificuldade em identificar quando uma medida que restringia o comércio internacional era uma proteção disfarçada ao comércio de quando ela perseguia fins legítimos como a proteção da saúde humana e animal. Com o advento da Organização Mundial do Com

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18

GHODSI, MOHAMMAD MAHDI. "Barriere Tecniche al Commercio: Determinanti ed Implicazioni." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6331.

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Quasi tutte le tariffe applicate al commercio internazionale sono vincolate dagli impegni sottoscritti dalle economie più avanzate ed ulteriori misure, volte ad aumentare il livello di protezione, non dovrebbero poter essere, di norma, utilizzate. Tuttavia, l’introduzione di un crescente numero di barriere non tariffarie (BNT) ha recentemente favorito il proliferare di dispute e conflitti commerciali fra gli Stati. Il regolamento dell’Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio (OMC) considera legittime le motivazioni che sono alla base di alcune di queste misure non tariffarie quali quelle a tutela

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19

Mkimer-Bengeloune, Laïla. "Modélisation des barrières non tarifaires et leur impact sur les échanges internationaux : une application aux pays méditerranéens." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004671.

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La doctrine du libre-échange a favorisé la création d'un cadre multilatéral en 1947 avec l'accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) puis avec l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) en 1995. Les négociations commerciales multilatérales sous l'égide du GATT puis de l'OMC, aboutissent à une réduction considérable des droits de douane au niveau mondial. Or, devant la diminution progressive des droits de douane, un fort accroissement des barrières dites non tarifaires (BNT) apparaît.En effet, l'expansion du commerce international et l'extension des règles commerciales multil

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20

Suárez, II Gómez William. "Cabotage as an external non-tariff measure on the competitiveness on SIDS's agribusinesses: The case of Puerto Rico." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16904.

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Yes<br>This paper explores the multidimensional effects of an external non-tariff measure (NTM) on maritime transportation between the United States (US) and Puerto Rico (PR) trades. In particular, this research addresses the vulnerability level of PR’s agrifood sector in relation to sustainability as a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) highly influenced by a larger economy. Due to the high potential of climate changes in the Caribbean, this study reviewed the effects of a maritime cabotage policy on a SIDS agribusinesses’ logistic. Could a NTM affect the supply chain capabilities and

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21

Ronen, Eyal. "Policy Implications of Non-Tariff Measures on International Trade." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2373.

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W ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad handel międzynarodowy gwałtownie wzrósł. Towarzyszyła temu jednoczesna znaczna redukcja ochrony celnej w większości krajów. Redukcja taryf celnych została osiągnięta w wyniku kolejnych rund wielostronnych negocjacji handlowych lub przez ustanowienie preferencyjnych porozumień handlowych (PTA), a czasami przez jednostronną liberalizację handlu. Badania empiryczne wskazują również na jednoczesną do redukcji ceł rosnącą tendencję stosowania środków pozataryfowych (NTM) w handlu. Środki te mogą częściowo hamować wzrost handlu osiągnięty przez niższe cła. środków pozat

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22

Shepotylo, Oleksandr. "Effect of non-tariff measures on extensive and intensive margins of exports in seafood trade." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7841.

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yes<br>This paper explores the effects of non-tariff measures (NTM) on extensive and intensive margins of global exports of seafood in 1996-2011. The main result of this study is the differential and opposite effect of SPS and TBT measures. While SPS measures largely increase extensive margins of export and reduce intensive margins, TBTs mostly reduce exports at extensive margins and increase exports at intensive margins. Specific trade concerns (STC) have larger effect on exports than SPS and TBT notifications, both economically and statistically. Finally, there is substantial heterogeneity o

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23

Shepotylo, Oleksandr. "Effect of non-tariff measures on extensive and intensive margins of export in seafood trade." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9097.

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Yes<br>“Non-tariff barriers, food safety and international food trade” joint project of Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), University of Life Sciences and Kyiv School of Economics (KSE) funded by the Research Council of Norway (Contract no. 216742/O10).

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24

Kareem, Fatima Olanike. "Essays on the Implications of European Union Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade on African Exports." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E62-4.

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25

Akalpler, Ergin. "The Impact of the Support System of the CAP on Free Trade in the Light of the Turkey's EU Membership." Thesis, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1924/1/document.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to measure the level of the European Union's (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) price support system (PSS) applied to producers in the EU-15 and in Turkey. The producer subsidy estimate (PSE) method has been used to determine protection levels for selected cereal products from the beginning of the application of the PSE method in 1986 to date. In addition, this study attempts to examine the empirical findings of the PSE in the light of CAP reforms and EU enlargements during the period 1986- 2003. The expected contribution of this study is to determine which su

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26

Wehrli, Heinrich. "Government measures in the area of tariffs, non-tariff trade restrictions, multiple exchange rates and price controls : an assessment of their impacts on the Venezuelan economy (1983-89) with particular consideration of the food and chemical industries /." 1994. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006743718&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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27

Fiankor, Dela-Dem Doe. "Trade and Welfare Effects of Standards in Agricultural Markets." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-13CE-E.

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28

Suárez, II Gómez William, and J. Ayala-Cruz. "El cabotaje marítimo en la cadena de suministros agrícola de Puerto Rico." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10310.

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Yes<br>The present study examines the multidimensional effect of the maritime cabotage that regulates the maritime transport between United States of North America and Puerto Rico’s markets. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects that this non-tariff measure has on the agro-industrial sector in Puerto Rico. The research methodology consisted of semi-structured interviews and secondary data analysis from the agricultural category of greater import. The results conclude that it is the interaction of non-tariff measures inherent to the business relationship between the two cou

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