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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-tariff measure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Nga, Le Thi Viet, Doan Nguyen Minh, and Phan The Cong. "Assessing the Impacts of Non-Tariff Measures on the Export of Vietnam’s Main Agricultural and Seafood Products." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 6, no. 1 (2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i1.1090.

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With the development of free trade agreements, tariff barriers are gradually removed, and non-tariff measures are playing an important role in the trade policies of countries. However, studies on the effects of non-tariff measures on trade show a great disparity in results and both negative and positive influences can be found when non-tariff measures are imposed in different contexts. The heterogeneity in the result is often hypothesized to be the consequence of intrinsic characteristics related to products and countries; therefore, arguably, unbiased and reliable estimation of non-tariff mea

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Darhyati, Andi Tenri, Suharno Suharno, and Amzul Rifin. "Impact of Non Tariff Measure on Indonesian Cacao Exports." International Journal of Agriculture System 5, no. 2 (2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i2.1191.

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Increased awareness of food safety issues has resulted in non-tariff measure in the form of sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade applied to various importing countries. The policy is widely applied by various countries on agricultural commodities, especially Cocoa. Cocoa is Indonesia's flagship commodity exported to many countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation and impact of non tariff measure on Indonesian cocoa exports. The model used in this research is to estimate the result of inventory approach in gravity model. The results show that Sani

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3

Clark, Don P. "Recent changes in non-tariff measure use by industrial nations." International Trade Journal 6, no. 3 (1992): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08853909208523742.

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Clark, Don P. "Non-tariff measure use in Japan and the United States." Japan and the World Economy 6, no. 1 (1994): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(94)90037-x.

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Singh, Rakhi, and Seema Sharma. "Non Tariff Measures as a Policy Measure: an Analysis of India-EU Trade in Pharmaceutical Sector." International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 5, no. 4 (2018): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v5i4p102.

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6

Marette, Stéphan. "Non-Tariff Measures When Alternative Regulatory Tools Can Be Chosen." Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization 14, no. 1 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2015-0009.

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AbstractThis paper analyzes whether or not different non-tariff measures (NTM) like a standard or a mandatory label can be considered as protectionist in presence of market imperfections. From a welfare-based approach, protectionism occurs when the instrument maximizing domestic welfare is different from the alternative instrument maximizing international welfare inclusive of foreign profits. A framework taking into account different tools shows the complexity for characterizing protectionism related to different NTM. When the standard impacts variable costs, the mandatory label can be protect

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Soon, Byung-Min, and Seok-Ho Han. "Quantifying Non-Tariff Measures by Combining Cointegration Tests and Simulation Models with an Application to the Korean Beef Market." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 3 (2022): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.191.

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Purpose This study quantifies the non-tariff measures on the Korean beef market using a cointegration test and simulation model. Design/Methodology/Approach This paper introduces a hybrid approach which combines cointegration analysis and a simulation model. We assume that there are sanitary and phytosanitary measures in the Korean beef market after banning U.S. beef in 2004. Hence, we use cointegration test results using domestic and U.S. beef prices to calibrate simulation model for the Korean beef market. The approach follows the steps of (1) cointegration tests, (2) a partial equilibrium m

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REYNOLDS, KARA M., and BORIS RIGOD. "Russia–Tariff Treatment: Identifying Systematic Violations of WTO Law." World Trade Review 17, no. 2 (2018): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745617000659.

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AbstractIn October 2014, the European Union requested consultations with Russia under the WTO's dispute settlement system regarding Russia's tariff treatment of various agricultural and manufacturing products. Although most of the measures challenged by the EU were individual tariff lines, the final measure in its complaint was a ‘more general measure’ referred to as the systematic duty variation. A WTO Dispute Panel eventually ruled that the EU failed to establish the systematic nature of the duty treatment afforded by Russia to certain products. In this paper, we explore the Dispute Panel's

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Singh, Rakhi, Seema Sharma, and Deepak Tandon. "Non-Tariff Measures in Indian Context and the European Union." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 9 (2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n9p54.

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Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world today. In line with global trade trends, Indian export sector has been growing and contributing significantly to the economy. Given its exports structure, India is well positioned to benefit from the structural changes in technology and emerging forces of globalization. Indian economy has shown remarkable progress in terms of foreign trade after the introduction of economic reforms in 1991. The European Union (EU) is a very important trading partner of India. The trade volumes between India and EU have shown remarkable improve

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Vanhegan, Ivor, Andrew Sankey, Warwick Radford, Simon Ball, and Charles Gibbons. "Trust compliance with best practice tariff criteria for total hip and knee replacement." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 80, no. 9 (2019): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2019.80.9.537.

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Background: Satisfaction of the best practice tariff criteria for primary hip and knee replacement enables on average an additional £560 of reimbursement per case. The Getting it Right First Time report highlighted poor awareness of these criteria among orthopaedic departments. Methods: The authors investigated the reasons for non-compliance with the best practice tariff criteria at their trust and implemented a quality improvement approach to ensure successful adherence to the standards (a minimum National Joint Registry compliance rate of 85%, a National Joint Registry unknown consent rate b

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Thu, Trang Lu Thi. "Trade Defence Instruments in Vietnam: Reality and Solutions." Global Trade and Customs Journal 7, Issue 7/8 (2012): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2012043.

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Increasing international trade liberalization has dramatically dropped tariff and non-tariff barriers in the last decade in line with the commitments of WTO Members. Anti-dumping, anti-subsidy and safeguard measures, three pillars of trade defence instruments (TDIs), are considered as an effective means of protectionism for countries to reversely impose tariff barriers against their trading partners for the benefit of domestic industries. WTO accession and regional economic integration presented Vietnam with considerable potential and opportunities to expand and to intensify its trade relation

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12

Omi, Kenji, and Oluimo Da Silva. "Implementation of the WCO Time Release Study to Mitigate Non-tariff Barriers in AfCFTA: Lessons to Be Learned by Africa." Global Trade and Customs Journal 16, Issue 11/12 (2021): 572–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2021072.

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The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) entered into force on 1 January 2021. Its ‘trade in goods’ pillar focuses on a reduction ofnon-tariff barriers (NTBs) in addition to tariff reduction. The World Customs Organization (WCO) Time Release Study (TRS) is particularly relevant in addressing NTBs. The TRS is a WCO tool designed to measure the time spent for release and/or clearance of goods at borders. It has been created to help administrations identify bottlenecks in the trade flow process and to facilitate trade while ensuring compliance and revenue collection at borders. The aim of

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13

POMFRET, RICHARD, and PATRICIA SOURDIN. "TRADE FACILITATION AND THE MEASUREMENT OF TRADE COSTS." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 01, no. 01 (2010): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179399331000010x.

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As tariffs and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) fall attention has shifted to trade facilitation, both in the WTO and in regional arrangements such as ASEAN or APEC. Economists have, however, been slow to develop convincing measures of trade costs. Commonly cited estimates of the border effect or of trade costs are huge, but flawed. The gap between CIF and FOB values of trade is the best aggregate measure, but suffers from lack of consistent data. This paper reviews evidence in the literature based on US and Australian import data, extends the sample to include data from Chile and Brazil and conclud

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Enikeeva, Zalina. "Application of Non-tariff Measures inthe Eurasian Economic Union." Trade policy 1, no. 144 (2018): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2499-9415-2018-4-16-19-37.

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15

Bhat, T. P. "Globalisation of Anti-dumping and Its Impact." Foreign Trade Review 38, no. 1-2 (2003): 54–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515030105.

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A steep reduction in tariff duties, dismantling of substantial non-tariff barriers and removing of grey area measures left very little options for the WTO member countries to protect their non-competitive industries. One of the easy ways opened to them has been the initiation of antidumping measures. The WTO rules allow them to opt for anti-dumping measures with some specific stipulations. These are not too strict or stringent to comply with. Besides, anti-dumping has a unique combination ofp olitical and economic manipulability. During the eight years of the WTO regime, the use of anti-dumpin

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16

Soejachmoen, Moekti P. "Globalization of the Automotive Industry: Is Indonesia Missing Out?" Asian Economic Papers 15, no. 1 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00394.

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International trade in automotive and auto parts has grown rapidly during the last two decades but Southeast Asia's largest economy, Indonesia, is lagging behind in its export performance. This paper uses a comparative perspective in examining Indonesia's role in automotive production networks in the context of the contemporary debate on opportunities for reaping gains from economic globalization through engagement in global production sharing. This research aims to answer two questions; the first addresses the determinants of a country's participation in the global production network, the sec

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17

Zhang, Jinzhu, Fangfang Li, Yu Liu, and Baodong Cheng. "An Assessment of Trade Facilitation’s Impacts on China’s Forest Product Exports to Countries Along the “Belt and Road” Based on the Perspective of Ternary Margins." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051298.

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With the reduction of traditional tariff and non-tariff trade barriers, trade facilitation measures, such as improved port efficiency and the customs environment, have become increasingly important for improving the structure of export growth and exploring the trade potential of forest products. Our research divided China’s export growth of forest products into extensive margins (variety), quantity margins (quantity), and price margins (quality), and discussed how trade facilitation impacted China’s forest product export growth structure from the perspective of ternary margins. An evaluation s

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Mukhtar, Sohaib, Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol, and Sufian Jusoh. "Border Measures of Trademark Enforcement in Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis with Malaysia and USA." Economics, Law and Policy 5, no. 2 (2022): p55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v5n2p55.

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Border measures of trademark enforcement is an administrative method required to be implemented through executive and administrative customs authority of Pakistan, Malaysia and United States of America (USA). Border measures of trademark enforcement runs under Customs Act 1969 and Trade Marks Ordinance 2001 in Pakistan, under Customs Act 1967 and Trade Descriptions Act 2011 in Malaysia and under Tariff Act 1930 and Lanham Trademark Act 1946 in USA. Trademark is name, mark, smell, sign, or a sound distinguishes services and goods of one undertaking from services and goods or other undertakings,

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19

Dorokhina, Ksenia, and Andrei Sakharov. "Transformation and Implementation of Environmental and Climate Provisions in EU Trade Agreements." International Organisations Research Journal 17, no. 4 (2022): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2022-04-04.

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The European Union (EU) is striving to become a world leader in the field of "green economy." It promotes its own models, standards, conditions, and related positions on climate and environmental policy in other states. Trade agreements, including provisions on climate and the environment, have become one of the instruments of influence on the policy of partners and economic relations with them in the area of climate protection. The inclusion of these provisions is of economic rather than political importance, especially in terms of eliminating tariff and non-tariff barriers. The EU has develo

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20

Wood, Jacob, Jie Wu, Yilin Li, and Jungsuk Kim. "The Impact of TBT and SPS Measures on Japanese and Korean Exports to China." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (2019): 6141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216141.

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(1) Background: As countries with troubled histories, China, Japan, and Korea have, in recent times, attempted to overcome political and economic differences in a bid to forge strong trade relationships. However, Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) have emerged in recent times, which has the potential to complicate matters. (2) Method: Our study analyzes the impact that two forms of NTM, technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS), have on Japanese and Korean exports to China. In order to effectively measure their impact, we utilize a modified version of the Gravity

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21

Fathya, Fathya Dhiya Ulhaq, Ana Himatul Wahidah, Usi Uswatun Hasanah, Melisa Indri Hartanti, and Arifah Fajrina. "Potensi Perdagangan Komoditas Lada dari Indonesia ke Vietnam sebagai Salah Satu Pasar Non-Tradisional." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 10, no. 1 (2021): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.10.1.2021.55-71.

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Kecenderungan perlambatan permintaan ekspor dari negara tujuan ekspor utama Indonesia saat ini menuntut Indonesia untuk diversifikasi ekspor ke negara lain. Vietnam merupakan negara yang berpotensi sebagai negara tujuan diversifikasi ekspor. Produk yang paling berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan dalam diversifikasi ekspor ini ialah lada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi dan daya saing ekspor komoditas lada di pasar Vietnam; dan menganalisis hambatan tarif serta non-tarif ekspor lada ke pasar Vietnam. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data time series tahun 2010-2019

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22

Kappel, Rolf. "Openness, Institutions, and Policies: Determinants of Globalisation and Economic Growth in Developing Countries(Distinguished Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 4I (2003): 395–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i4ipp.395-416.

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Globalisation describes the increasing integration of national economies through international trade, capital transfers, and the exchange of information or knowledge. This paper focuses exclusively on trade integration. Most economists hold that reducing trade barriers has a decisive positive effect on economic growth and poverty reduction (“openness hypothesis”). However, some economists diagnose deficient or weakly enforced non-market institutions as the major cause of slow growth. The main goal of this paper is to show that these two seemingly contrary points of view do not exclude each oth

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23

Rodriguez, U.-Primo, Yolanda Garcia, Reynaldo Tan, and Arnulfo Garcia. "Can Trade Policies Soften the Economic Impacts of an Avian Influenza Outbreak? Simulations From a CGE Model of the Philippines." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 4, no. 2 (2007): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2007.4.2.3.

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The paper examines the possibilities of using trade policy to address the adverse economic effects of an avian influenza outbreak in the Philippines. In particular, it employs a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for analyzing the likely effects of two options; namely, a) a ban on imported poultry, and b) the removal of tariffs on non-poultry meat products. Using six model scenarios (i.e., production shocks, consumption shocks, ban on poultry imports, removal of tariff on non-poultry imports, and selected combinations of these shocks), the simulation results reveal that (a) the consump

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Limenta, Michelle. "Palm Oil for Fuels: WTO Rules and Environmental Protection." Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 7 (2020): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020073.

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Biofuels are one of the renewable energy sources that present an alternative ‘clean’ energy to fossil fuels. However, their increased demand and use has led to concerns about their impacts on sustainability and climate change. Regulators worldwide attempt to regulate biofuels and their impacts in their domestic policies. In 2018, the European Union revised its original Renewable Energy Directive (RED) to integrate both sustainability criteria and the so-called indirect land use change (ILUC) for biofuels. The crux of the matter is that the EU Commission classified palm oil as the only biofuel

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Orefice, Gianluca. "Non-Tariff Measures, Specific Trade Concerns and Tariff Reduction." World Economy 40, no. 9 (2016): 1807–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12447.

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Timilsena, Narayan. "Users’ Satisfaction with Domestic Water Supply in Nepal – A Study in Lekhnath Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project." Technical Journal 2, no. 1 (2020): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tj.v2i1.32851.

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Water Supply and Sanitation has been a priority of Government of Nepal. Various types of urban and rural water supply and sanitation projects are now being implemented within the Government, private and NGO sectors. The normal practice of measurement of satisfaction by service providers is to measure consumers’ satisfaction on past performance. The survey design could vary from survey questions to unstructured interviews and everything in between using comparative and non-comparative scales. In comparative scaling, the respondents are asked to compare one product against the other while non-co

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Ali Hussien, Naseer, Alaa Abdulhussein Daleh Al-Magsoosi, Haider Th Salim AlRikabi, and Faisal Theyab Abed. "Monitoring the Consumption of Electrical Energy Based on the Internet of Things Applications." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 15, no. 07 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i07.20183.

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<p class="0abstract">One of the instrumental functional overheads in many commercial edifices and industrial plants is the electricity bill. The design and development of a Smart Power monitoring device used to make monitoring on the electrical parameters represented as voltage, current, and power of Wasit university buildings. The system has a unit with smart sensing to detect and control the electrical devices employed for daily activities by following different tariff rates. It has the capability to decrease consumer costs improving grid stability. A developed model was broadly examin

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Khaliqi, Muhammad, Amzul Rifin, and Andriyono Kilat Adhi. "Trade Effect of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) on Indonesia's Shrimp Export." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 1, no. 2 (2018): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v1i2.313.

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The development of the implementation of non-tariff measure policy, in the world market which has a trend, increased every year. There are seven (7) NTM policies mostly implemented in the international market. The most policy application is the implementation of Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phytosanitary. Agricultural commodities both vegetables and live animal products are commodities mostly become subject to NTM policy in the form of SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary) and TBT (Technical Barriers on Trade) in the international market. Indonesia as an agricultural country that ha

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Fedoryshyna, Lidiia. "THE MECHANISM OF FISCAL POLICY." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 1 (2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-1-5.

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The purpose of this article is to study fiscal policy, which is one of the methods of regulating the country's macroeconomic policy. Theoretical approaches of scientists to the definition of the term "fiscal policy" are investigated. The contents and principles of the functioning of the mechanism of fiscal policy are disclosed. Method. Theoretical approaches to the definition of mechanisms and discrete components of the fiscal policy of the state and its criteria characteristics have been developed. The research has been based on the use of a systematic approach to the consideration of fiscal

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Miteva-Kacarski, Emilija. "Covid 19 and non-tariff measures." Journal of Economics 6 (2021): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/joe2160185mk.

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Chappell, Rachel, Sarah Fearn, James Raftery, and Christopher Kipps. "179 Impact inventory development in neurological pathways." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 93, no. 9 (2022): e2.139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn2.223.

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BackgroundQuantification of the economic burden within long-term neurological conditions pathways is difficult, and little evidence is available on how best to approach this. With the ambition to deliver care differently through digital mechanisms, and enhanced provision of self-management support, it is impera- tive that we develop mechanisms that can help measure the economic impact of pathway interventions in long-term neurological conditions. An impact inventory is a recognised initial step in defining the costs of an intervention from a range of perspectives including health/non-health an

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Bernier, Ivan. "Le concept d'union économique dans la Constitution canadienne : de l'intégration commerciale à l'intégration des facteurs de production." Fédéralisme, partage des compétences 20, no. 1-2 (2005): 177–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042313ar.

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The object of this paper is to assess the constitutional position as to economic integration within Canada. Following a short review of'the basic elements of economic integration, it proceeds to analyse the law and practice relating to the free circulation of goods, and the free movement of persons, services and capital in Canada. Since such questions are usually associated with the concept of common market, a brief comparison is made on these various points with the practice of the European Economic Community. As far as concerns the free circulation of goods, the study starts with the usual d

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Babu, R. Rajesh. "On the Legality of the United States Action of Terminating India’s GSP Status." Foreign Trade Review 55, no. 1 (2020): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732519886795.

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Since the US Presidential Proclamation terminating India status as a Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) beneficiary with effect from 5 June 2019, questions are raised on the WTO legitimacy of such an action. The US measure, which appears to have a punitive element—a move precipitated by lack of reciprocity from India by not providing ‘equitable and reasonable access’ for US products in Indian markets—challenges the fundamentally premise of the GSP schemes. Since the GSP schemes are established to provide economic and developmental opportunities for developing countries, and once establish

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Herghelegiu, Cristina. "The political economy of non-tariff measures." World Economy 41, no. 1 (2017): 262–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12582.

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Walkenhorst, Peter. "EU exporter-concerns about non-tariff measures." Applied Economics Letters 11, no. 15 (2004): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350485042000285805.

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Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano. "Agri-food trade and non-tariff measures." Agrekon 58, no. 4 (2019): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2019.1679478.

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Podra, O., Natalia Petryshyn, and L. S. Nodzhak. "PECULIARITIES OF CLASSIFICATION AND USE OF NON-TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES." Journal of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Series of Economics and Management Issues 5, no. 2 (2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/semi2021.02.098.

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Purpose. The purpose of the research is to conduct a systematic study of existing classifications of measures of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity and analysis of the dynamics of the use of specific methods of non-tariff regulation in Ukraine and the world. Design/methodology/approach. The study examined the hypothesis of the lack of a single unified classification of measures of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity on the basis of a study of the most commonly used classifications in Ukraine and in the world, determining their common and distinctive features. In

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Whang, Unjung. "The Effect of Non-tariff Measures on Employment." Journal of Industrial Economics and Business 33, no. 3 (2020): 743–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22558/jieb.2020.6.33.3.743.

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Yue, Kan. "Non‐tariff measures, product quality and import demand." Economic Inquiry 60, no. 2 (2021): 870–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecin.13059.

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Ing, Lili Yan, Olivier Cadot, and Janine Walz. "Transparency in non-tariff measures: An international comparison." World Economy 41, no. 3 (2017): 884–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12552.

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Kalaba, M., J. Kirsten, and T. Sacolo. "Non-Tariff Measures Affecting Agricultural Trade in SADC." Agrekon 55, no. 4 (2016): 377–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2016.1243059.

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Handoyo, Rossanto Dwi. "NON-TARIFF MEASURES IMPACT ON INDONESIAN FISHERY EXPORT." Journal of Developing Economies 4, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v4i1.12686.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of Non tariff measures using sanitary and phytosanitary policy (SPS) and technical trade barriers (TBTs) on fishery exports of Indonesia and its trading partner countries such as China, South Korea, Vietnam, Canada, Russia and the European Union in period of 2007 to 2016. SPS and TBT are measured using inventory approach in the form of coverage ratio. In addition, this study uses a gravity model and panel data regression method. The results of this study indicate that the variables GDP of exporting country and GDP of importing country have a positive and s

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Kheirandish, Mahdieh, Reza Moghaddasi, and Saeed Yazdani. "HOW NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECT IRAN’S AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS." JP Journal of Biostatistics 17, no. 1 (2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/jb017010009.

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Fontagne, Lionel, Friedrich von Kirchbach, and Mondher Mimouni. "An Assessment of Environmentally- related Non-tariff Measures." World Economy 28, no. 10 (2005): 1417–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00742.x.

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Pawlak, Karolina. "NON-TARIFF DIMENSION OF NEOPROTECTIONISM IN WORLD TRADE IN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXIV, no. 1 (2022): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7473.

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The aim of this paper was to determine the scope of non-tariff measures used in the world agri-food trade in 2020. This study used data of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Global Trade Alert data. Applying the methodology developed by the UNCTAD and the World Trade Organization (WTO) three indexes were established to describe the use of non-tariff measures (NTMs) to trade, i.e., the Frequency Index, the Coverage Ratio and the Prevalence Ratio. The number of trade preferences and trade restrictions used by the largest exporters and importers of agri-food p

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Volkov, R. G. "THE MAIN APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-3-97-112.

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The article deals with analysis of the main approaches to assessing non-tariff measures of government foreign trade regulation on foreign trade indicators. The article lists the factors which make it difficult to solve the problem: diversity of non-tariff measures, their using not only at the border but also within the country, effect uncertainty and frequent lack of quantification of such measures. It is also noted that non-tariff measures effects are usually determined by assessing changes in volumes and terms of trade with various methods. The frequency analysis method defines the coverage

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Ngo, Thuy Ha. "The Effect of Non-Tariff Measures on Vietnam Exports." American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 2 (2020): 272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/801.52.272.285.

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Kim, Kunhyui. "Non-tariff Measures and the Global Value Chain Participation." Journal of Economics, Business and Management 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/joebm.2021.9.1.646.

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Walmsley, Terrie, and Anna Strutt. "A Comparison of Approaches to Modelling Non-Tariff Measures." Journal of Global Economic Analysis 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/jgea.060101af.

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Ghodsi, Mahdi, and Robert Stehrer. "Non-Tariff Measures and the Quality of Imported Products." World Trade Review 21, no. 1 (2021): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745621000392.

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AbstractLegitimate reasons for the imposition of non-tariff measures (NTMs) within regulations have triggered their extensive use. Among these measures, technical barriers to trade (TBTs) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures allow countries to impose restrictions on the import of low-quality products suspected of harming domestic consumers’ health, plant life, or the environment. This paper analyses two regulative and standard-like NTMs – TBTs and SPS measures – and the quality of traded products that is driven by their imposition, which is a general underlying motive for the adoption

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