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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-tariff regulation'
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1
Kylnytska, Y. V., and S. V. Gluhova. "Features of the Non-Tariff Regulation of Foreign Economic Activity of Ukraine and the CIS in Conditions of Destabilization of Socioeconomic Systems." Business Inform 1, no. 528 (2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-1-47-53.
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The purpose of the article is to define the peculiarities of the non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity of both Ukraine and the CIS in the conditions of destabilization of socioeconomic systems. As a result of the carried out research, the trends in trade volumes in the world market are analyzed; the structure of the non-tariff methods of its regulation in the CIS countries and in Ukraine is studied; a structural and dynamic analysis of the use of non-tariff methods of regulation of foreign economic activity by the CIS countries was carried out, taking into account the terms of participation in the WTO. The analysis made it possible to state a negative trend of a significant excess of imports over the exports of goods to all CIS countries that are members of the WTO, and a permanent increase in the number of non-tariff measures to protect the interests of domestic producers. It is identified that among the non-tariff measures for regulating foreign economic activity, technical barriers were most applied; the secondary position among the non-tariff measures for regulation of foreign economic activity are sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and the smallest share falls on the anti-dumping measures of non-tariff measures for regulating foreign economic activity. This trend is due to the simultaneous action of multi-vector levers, some part of which, as the analysis shows, arise and act chaotically: global economic depression associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; simultaneous use of both tariff and non-tariff methods of regulation; related economic, political and social goals of the non-tariff methods of regulation. Prospects for further research in this direction are the use of the theory of «Chaos and Order» to determine the forces of influence on the functioning of world trade during the development of effective instruments for ensuring the protection of the rights and interests of Ukraine and especially its subjects of foreign economic activity in the trade and economic sphere, which are oriented towards increasing the international competitiveness of the national economy.
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Litke, Polina V., and Vitaliy E. Morozov. "NON-TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES IN CUSTOMS LAW." Russian Studies in Law and Politics 6, no. 3-4 (2022): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2576-9634-2022-3-4-32-52.
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Necessary to point out that the current system of tariff regulation is a prerequisite for the implementation of an effective customs policy and the implementation by customs authorities of the tasks of ensuring the economic security of the country. However, most countries don’t currently have the ability to actively respond to changes in the terms of trade by reducing or increasing tariff rates. Therefore, against the backdrop of a decrease in the customs and tariff protection of national markets, the role of non-tariff means of foreign trade policy is growing. It is non-tariff measures that are the main tool for protecting the domestic market and the country’s economy from unfair actions of foreign states in the field of foreign trade. The preference given to non-tariff measures is due to the fact that, unlike tariff measures, they do not constitute an additional tax burden for the population.
 Purpose. The article is devoted to the characterization of legal regulation of non-tariff regulation measures. The authors give classification to these measures and pay attention to their individual types: for example, product quotas.
 Methodology. he basis of the study is the dialectical-materialistic method of knowing objective reality and the general scientific and private scientific methods based on it (comparison, analysis, deduction, induction, formal-logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, system-structural, interpretation method).
 The results of the study consist in the analysis of the term «non-tariff regulation measures», the formulation of their typology, the grounds for their application. The authors formulate a proposal for their codification at the supranational level.
 Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of customs regulation or foreign trade.
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Shirinova, A. "ON THE ISSUE OF THE APPLICATION OF FEA (FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY) NON-TARIFF REGULATION INSTRUMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WTO (WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION) REGULATIONS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 10, no. 1 (2018): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2018/10-12/12.
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The justification of the necessity to improve the use of non-tariff instruments of customs regulation of foreign economic activity. The processes of improving the use of non-tariff instruments of customs activities based on an analysis of their global use (in the context of the WTO) were described. The article proved that effective experience gained by developed countries should not be enacted into national practice automatically, because of its acceptance in any other country or prescription by international regulations. The author came to the conclusion that consideration of national interests should be the main factor in the development of non-tariff regulation instruments. Clarified the features of the use of administrative regulatory tools in the modern world are revealed; the reforming measures for non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity which are necessary for improvement and optimization of the customs activity are defined.
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Karimkulov, K., and M. Sirochev. "Ensuring the Quality of Goods through Non-tariff Regulation." Economics. Law. Innovaion, no. 1 (February 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2713-1874-2022-1-21-28.
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The methods of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity, the effectiveness of their implementation in practice, the implementation of the experience of foreign countries in the practice of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity, its advantages and disadvantages are studied. Suggestions are made to develop the non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity.
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Podra, O., Natalia Petryshyn, and L. S. Nodzhak. "PECULIARITIES OF CLASSIFICATION AND USE OF NON-TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES." Journal of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Series of Economics and Management Issues 5, no. 2 (2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/semi2021.02.098.
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Purpose. The purpose of the research is to conduct a systematic study of existing classifications of measures of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity and analysis of the dynamics of the use of specific methods of non-tariff regulation in Ukraine and the world. Design/methodology/approach. The study examined the hypothesis of the lack of a single unified classification of measures of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity on the basis of a study of the most commonly used classifications in Ukraine and in the world, determining their common and distinctive features. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, general scientific methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization, formalization, observation, systematization. Findings. It is found out that there are many classifications for non-tariff regulation, but the most common are classifications of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), but the last one is more popular and used for formation of a global database on dynamics of non-tariff regulation measures applying. In addition, the current classification of non-tariff regulation measures of the World Trade Organization deserves attention, it contains up-to-date information on the dynamics of the use of existing and initiated non-tariff regulation measures by WTO members. The hypothesis of the absence of a single unified classification of measures of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity based on a study of the most commonly used classifications in Ukraine and in the world, their common and distinctive features can be considered proven, as evidenced by the results of the study and generalized conclusions. Practical implications. The studied classifications are of great practical importance, as they allow international market participants to monitor the use of non-tariff regulation measures. The hold analysis showed that among all non-tariff regulation measures in 2021, most countries in the world used technical measures related to imports, in particular, sanitary and phytosanitary measures (A) - 29750, technical barriers to trade) - 25772, as well as exports-related measures - 7804, quantitative restrictions - 6438. The same can be said about Ukrainian practice of non-tariff regulation measures usage. Originality/value. It is established that the UNCTAD classification is the most comprehensive and suitable for the purposes of economic analysis. The impact of non-tariff measures on trade as well as on welfare is less clear than the impact of tariff restrictions. On the one hand, non-tariff measures often restrict trade flows, which has a negative impact on welfare. On the other hand, there are a number of non-tariff measures, the application of which contributes to the growth of welfare by ensuring the highest quality of goods offered on the market, which is an independent value for consumers. The use of non-tariff instruments should be treated with caution, as they are not devoid of dualism and may have contradictory consequences, as well as provoke a similar response from partner countries.
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Kolisnyk, A. S. "The importance of non-tariff barriers in the legal regulation of international trade relations." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 86 (2025): 125–31. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.86.2.20.
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Non-tariff trade barriers in international legal regulation are a component of the system of non-tariff restrictions, the attitude to which in science and practice is ambiguous. The importance of regulating the application of such measures is confirmed by the presence of a number of international and national regulatory legal acts. The purpose of this article was to establish the significance of non-tariff barriers for international trade relations and the prospects for their further application in the conditions of the development of international trade. Taking into account the specifics of the scope of application of non-tariff restrictions, their system is multi-level, since the application of barriers is carried out at the international, national and regional levels. The application of non-tariff barriers in the regulation of international trade relations cannot be assessed unambiguously. The negative consequences of their application include the creation of obstacles in the economy of individual countries; the use of non-tariff restrictions as a means of discrimination; a negative impact on imports in individual countries; volatility and uncertainty; a negative impact on the international economy. The positive impact of non-tariff barriers includes: ensuring the safety of products and production processes; ensuring the competitiveness of certain types of goods; increasing the level of national security; ensuring the protection of life and health of people, animals, flora, and the environment; harmonizing national trade with the international system of trade standards. A promising direction of international activity in this area is the development of a Strategy for the implementation of non-tariff regulation of international trade relations at the WTO level, which will contribute to further integration processes in the development of uniform methods and standards in the regulation of international trade and economic relations, will allow unifying and harmonizing the norms of international trade in the field of application of non-tariff barriers. To achieve this goal, the Strategy should include a number of relevant areas of international trade and economic cooperation at all levels.
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Hashir, A. A. "TARIFF AND NON-TARIFF REGULATION OF PINE NUT EXPORTS IN RUSSIA." Economy, labor, management in agriculture, no. 11 (2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33938/2011-49.
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Shlapak, Alla, Olha Yatsenko, Tetiana Tananaiko, and Lesia Lyskova. "Institutional Provision of Tariff and Non-Tariff Regulation of Cross-Border Trade." Economics. Ecology. Socium 7, no. 2 (2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2023.7.2-1.
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Introduction. The study is devoted to a comprehensive study of the global trade system in conditions of global economic instability, in particular, to the identification and analysis of the determinants of deepening its asymmetries in the regional perspective. The study contains a description of the peculiarities of the modern global trade system and regulatory regime, including tariff and non-tariff methods of regulating cross-border trade and key trends in its development.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to diagnose the institutional provision of tariff and non-tariff regulation of cross-border trade in order to determine the presence or absence of asymmetries in the global trade system in the regional context.
 Results. The study identifies and systematizes fundamental features of the modern global trade system whose development has been directly or indirectly influenced by regional asymmetries. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the major international economic organizations as the main regulators of the cross-border trade process, and to the study of the impact of the use of tariff and non-tariff import and export regulatory tools on cross-border trade asymmetries. The world trading system is divided by country and individual customs territory, depending on whether it belongs to a certain geographical area or to a group of countries with a certain level of economic development.
 Conclusions. Although the expansion of global trade has visually slowed down, the integration of world trade is not over, on the contrary, there are clear signs of the beginning of a completely new phase of globalization. The presence of asymmetry in the world trading system in a geographical context, regardless of the size of the region, has been theoretically proven. According to the criterion of the asymmetry of the trading system depending on the level of economic development of the countries, in general, there is a tendency to increase the level of liberalization of trade regimes by the increase in the level of development. At the same time, it has been proven that belonging to the group of least developed countries does not necessarily mean closed access to national markets, and categorization as a developed country does not indicate the application of the least number of non-tariff measures to regulate trade volumes. At the same time, Ukraine remains a country that has undertaken the most liberal obligations regarding providing access to markets for both goods and services. As one of the world's leading exporters of agricultural products in 2020, Ukraine has set the customs tariff level at 11%, the lowest among group members.
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Ilyasov, P. V., and E. L. Andreeva. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NON-TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES ON EAEU IMPORTS." International Trade and Trade Policy 9, no. 2 (2023): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-2-152-171.
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The relevance of the article is due to the need to adapt the foreign trade of the EAEU to the conditions of sanctions restrictions on the part of western countries, reorientation and diversification of the foreign trade flows of the EAEU, including with the use of non-tariff regulation tools. Purpose: to assess the impact of NTMs on EAEU imports in order to develop recommendations for the development of a non-tariff regulation mechanism. The change in the role of NTMs in international trade policy is substantiated. The replacement of tariffs by measures of non-tariff regulation as the main instrument of protectionist policy is conditioned. The dynamics and structure of the development of NTMs for the period from 2015 to 2021 are analyzed, including the distribution of NTMs by product groups and countries. World trends and problems in the field of assessing the effects of non-tariff regulation, as well as problems specific to the EAEU, are outlined. The methodology for assessing the impact of NTMs on imports has been substantiated and tested, taking into account the specifics of the EAEU. An econometric model is proposed to identify the impact of individual non-tariff regulation measures applied by the EAEU countries in relation to imports from third countries.
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Solodkovska, Ganna, and Viktoria Olefirenko. "Ways of improvement of non-tariff measures of international trade regulation." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 36, no. 4 (2014): 966–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2014.091.
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The unequal development of individual countries, the economic and political crises, deepening of foreign economic relations have led to the fact that tariffs often do not provide the necessary level of national markets protection. As a result, countries governments are turning to the use of nontariff regulation. And the range of instruments of non-tariff measures of international trade regulation is constantly expanding. Therefore the study of non-tariff measures in the system of state regulation of international trade is vital and that of a current interest. The purpose of this paper is to improve the development of measures of non-tariff regulation of international trade. In this study authors used such scientific methods as system analysis, the grouping method, the method of comparative analysis and statistical method. This article determines the main problems of non-tariff regulation in the global trading system and proposes the ways of their solution. The conducted studies will help to organize the effective regulation of countries foreign economic activity. Therefore, the results of the research can be used for further theoretical research in the field of international trade.
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KOVARDA, Vladimir V., and Roman A. LAPTEV. "Non-tariff regulation of foreign trade in goods as a factor of socio-economic development of member states of the Eurasian Economic Union." National Interests: Priorities and Security 18, no. 9 (2022): 1624–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.18.9.1624.
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Subject. The article considers internationalization of the world economy and expansion of cooperation ties. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of the role of non-tariff regulation in strengthening the integration of countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Methods. The study employs methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We analyzed the legal framework for non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity in the EAEU, highlighted national (using the case of Russia) and integration features. We determined import substitution trends for certain types of food products. Conclusions. The efficiency of use of non-tariff regulation has an impact on the level of socio-economic development.
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Petrunenko, Ya V., V. V. Troinikov, and M. V. Syrotko. "Economic diplomacy and non-tariff regulation as factors of strengthening Ukraine’s foreign economic relations in war conditions." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 4, no. 88 (2025): 208–15. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2025.88.4.31.
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The article examines the relationship between economic diplomacy and non-tariff regulation as key factors in strengthening Ukraine’s foreign economic activity in times of war. The role of economic diplomacy in strengthening international support, attracting foreign investment and adapting the national economy to new realities is determined. The author analyses the impact of non-tariff regulation measures, such as quotas, certification, standardisation and sanitary norms, on food security, support for strategic industries and export development. The impact of non-tariff regulation measures on economic stabilisation is substantiated. Successful cases are analysed, such as the export of Ukrainian agricultural products to the EU, integration into the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E), the implementation of the «Grain Corridor», and others. The synergy between economic diplomacy and non-tariff measures, which provides access to new markets, adaptation of products to international standards and strengthening of Ukraine’s position in the global economic arena, is revealed. Based on the results of the study, the author formulates a conclusion about the relationship between economic diplomacy and non-tariff regulation, which contributes to the deepening of trade and economic relations with the EU countries, expansion of export geography and integration of Ukraine into the world economic space. The author offers recommendations for improving Ukraine’s foreign economic policy in the current conditions, including the development of exporters’ support instruments, harmonisation of standards with international norms and improvement of the efficiency of interagency coordination. In general, the article emphasises the importance of economic diplomacy and non-tariff regulation measures as the basis for sustainable economic development of Ukraine in the context of war and post-war recovery. The article provides recommendations for improving Ukraine’s foreign economic policy, including the development of a national programme to support exporters, full harmonisation of Ukrainian standards with international requirements, development of economic diplomacy and strengthening of interagency coordination. Attention is focused on the prospects of using economic diplomacy and non-tariff regulation as a basis for long-term post-war economic recovery of Ukraine.
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Sudakova, Yu. "Specifics of non-tariff regulation in Kazakhstan’s trade policy." Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (April 2019): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080004609-6.
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Miadzel, Viktor S. "Economic Sanctions as a Tool of Non-Tariff Regulation." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 4 (October 21, 2024): 103–12. https://doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2024-4(107)-103-112.
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The development of international trade is accompanied by a change in the instruments used to protect the domestic market and national producers. The WTO's aim at reducing the level of tariff protection have led to an increased use of non-tariff measures, which are not always declared as a protective tool. In particular, in recent years the use of such a tool as economic sanctions has increased significantly. The purpose of the paper is to gain an understanding of the role of economic sanctions in international trade. Analyzing approaches to the classification of non-tariff measures proposed at different periods of time, the author identifies their advantages and disadvantages, and also assesses the possibility of using such classifications to identify economic sanctions. It is noted that nowadays the key feature of economic sanctions is their political motivation. The work examines the main aspects of economic sanctions applied against Iran, North Korea and Russia. It is emphasized that, due to the high level of globalization, modern sanctions affect all participants in international trade, regardless of their relationship to the conflict that served as the reason for the application of such protective measures. An example of the impact of economic sanctions on third parties not involved in the conflict are secondary sanctions. The author suggests that the creation of an international independent body dealing with issues of challenging secondary sanctions could contribute to the formation of a similar body whose powers would cover issues of all types of economic sanctions. The barrier to the creation of such a body is the persisting protectionist tendencies in international trade. The author comes to the conclusion that the analysis of economic sanctions is highly significant for the current stage of development of international trade.
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Ghodsi, Mahdi, and Robert Stehrer. "Non-Tariff Measures and the Quality of Imported Products." World Trade Review 21, no. 1 (2021): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745621000392.
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AbstractLegitimate reasons for the imposition of non-tariff measures (NTMs) within regulations have triggered their extensive use. Among these measures, technical barriers to trade (TBTs) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures allow countries to impose restrictions on the import of low-quality products suspected of harming domestic consumers’ health, plant life, or the environment. This paper analyses two regulative and standard-like NTMs – TBTs and SPS measures – and the quality of traded products that is driven by their imposition, which is a general underlying motive for the adoption of such regulations. A dummy variable measuring the existence of these NTMs and a count variable indicating their stringency are used in the analysis. Moreover, two other variables indicate flows of NTMs imposed in each year and stocks of these NTMs accumulated over years. The results indicate that TBTs and SPS measures do indeed imply a higher quality of traded products. Stringent TBTs with more regulations imposed in each year (i.e. flows of count TBTs) have the largest impact on the quality of traded products. However, for SPS measures, only the existence of a regulation (i.e. the dummy variable on flows of SPS measures) on a traded product has the strongest impact on its quality.
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Akhmedov, Shokhrukh B., and Vladimir M. Kutovoi. "ON THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING THE MECHANISM FOR REGULATING FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Economics. Management. Law, no. 3 (2020): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6304-2020-3-62-71.
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The article analyzed the foreign trade policy of foreign countries and the implementation of the customs policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The analysis of methods of non-tariff and tariff regulation of foreign economic activity was carried out, as well as projects of active influence on foreign trade of the country in order to adapt it to the requirements of the world economy. During the WTO accession, the main principles were defined and proposals were made for measures to improve the customs and tariff regulation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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Bocharova, Yu H., T. V. Kozhuhova, O. V. Ishchenko, and O. O. Mashoshyn. "TARIFF REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE XXI CENTURY." TRADE AND MARKET OF UKRAINE, no. 2(54) 2023 (December 30, 2023): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4762-2023-54-2-7-17.
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Objective. The objective of our study is to analyse the status and peculiarities of tariff regulation of international trade in the XXI century. Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition were used in the research process: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (to substantiate the importance and role of tariff regulation of international and foreign trade in the XXI century, to identify factors influencing the development of international trade), generalisation and systematisation (to substantiate the state and peculiarities of the development of tariff regulation of international trade in the XXI century), analysis of time series (to identify trends and patterns of tariff regulation of international trade in 2006-2022), graphical (for visual representation of the peculiarities of tariff dynamics in WTO countries). Results. The article notes that despite the changes that have taken place in international trade in general and in the system of its regulation in particular, tariff regulation remains the main authorised means of regulating international and external trade. By 2022, international trade is expected to reach USD 30 trillion, with trade in goods, especially manufactured goods, dominating the structure. It is established that one of the aspects of liberalising trade is to reduce or eliminate tariffs. It is noted that the reduction of tariffs is much slower in the period 2006-2021 than in the period 1996-2005. Average applied tariffs in WTO countries for all product groups will decrease from 10.1% in 2006 to 8.9% in 2021; tariffs on agricultural products will be significantly higher than on non-agricultural products (14.8% vs. 8% in 2021); average tariffs applied to all product groups were significantly lower in developed countries than in developing countries and LDCs; average tariffs applied by developed countries decreased by 1.7%, by developing countries by 1.7% and by LDCs by 1.2%; the highest average tariffs were recorded in Africa and the Americas and the lowest in Europe; the share of duty-free goods under the most favoured nation regime in the WTO countries has been steadily increasing; there has been a slight but steady decline in the share of tariff peaks, which are tariffs exceeding 15 per cent; the number of trade agreements, including preferential trade agreements, has been growing steadily, with agreements covering not only trade in goods but also trade in services, etc. According to the analysis of WTO data, in 2022 most WTO countries have an average bound tariff not exceeding 50%; average bound tariffs vary significantly across WTO countries and product groups; average bound tariffs for most WTO countries range from 20-59% for agricultural products, 10-39% for non-agricultural products; average applied tariffs for agricultural products range from 10-19%, up to 10% for non-agricultural products; significant discrepancies between average bound tariffs and average applied tariffs remain; in the majority of WTO countries, ad valorem tariffs dominate the tariff structure; there are significant differences between countries in the number of bound tariffs applied; in the vast majority of WTO countries, MFN tariffs are applied to a large number of products - the number of products subject to MFN tariffs varies between 5000 and 10000.
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Жуланов and Evgeniy Zhulanov. "EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THE NONPROFIT SECTOR IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPAL TERRITORIES ON THE BASIS OF ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING." Journal of Public and Municipal Administration 4, no. 3 (2015): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13621.
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The paper proposed economic-mathematical method of estimation of the reproductive processes development in municipal socio-economic systems under influence the non-profit sector of the economy. Method provides the data modeling processes based on nonlinear reflection of their relationship in a free market under the influence impact of tariff and non-tariff regulation of economic activities social purpose.
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ISYUTIN-FEDOTKOV, DMITRY V. "SOME CONSEQUENCES OF RECOGNITION OR NON-RECOGNITION OF NON-COMPETITIVE PROCUREMENT AS COMPETITIVE AND VICE VERSA." Scientific Law Journal "Procurement and law", no. 1, 2025 (June 1, 2025): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu3034-2481-2025-1-7.
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The article discusses the problems of the practice of recognizing non-competitive procurement methods as competitive. At the same time, corporate customers have problems when non-competitive procurement methods are not recognized as competitive. Thus, a contradictory approach arises, for example, from antimonopoly authorities, to considering the same problem. This is reflected in tariff regulation. It is proposed to bring the legislation on tariff regula tion into line with the legislation on corporate procurement.
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Mushenok, V., T. Gurzhii, and A. Gurzhii. "The legal grounds of tariff regulation for railway transportation of goods in the Republic of Poland." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 85 (2024): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.85.2.46.
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The article revolves around legal and organizational aspects of tariff regulation for freight rail transport in the Republic of Poland. A detailed characterization of the Polish legislation on tariff regulation of freight transportation by rail was carried out. Its correlation with the requirements of the Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 Establishing a single European railway area is highlighted. The main provisions of the Law of the Republic of Poland “On Railway Transport” in the part of the tariff regulation of railway freight transportation has been analysed. It has been stated, that this Law ensures the flexibility of railway transport tariffs and significantly contributes to liberalization of the national market of transport services in Poland. On the example of Poland, it has been proven that the liberalization of the tariff regulation of railway transportation ensures a reasonable balance between the economic interests of the state and private business. In general tariff regulation of railway transportation of goods in the Republic of Poland is characterized by high efficiency. It has been established that the development of the legal basis for the tariff regulation of rail freight transportation in the Republic of Poland is dominated by the trends towards the creation of a competitive rail freight transportation market; liberalization of tariff regulation of railway transportation; ensuring non-discriminatory access to railway transport infrastructure; inclusion of an investment component in tariffs for mandatory infrastructure access services. It was concluded that the outlined trends serve as a reliable reference point for the development of the legal basis for the tariff regulation of rail freight transportation in Ukraine, which is confidently moving towards integration into the EU economic system. Their consideration is an important step on the way of regulatory adaptation to the acquis communautaire of the European Union. Systematic consideration of these trends when updating industry legislation will significantly contribute to ensuring the stability, safety and economic return of rail freight transportation.
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Volkov, R. G. "THE MAIN APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-3-97-112.
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The article deals with analysis of the main approaches to assessing non-tariff measures of government foreign trade regulation on foreign trade indicators. The article lists the factors which make it difficult to solve the problem: diversity of non-tariff measures, their using not only at the border but also within the country, effect uncertainty and frequent lack of quantification of such measures. It is also noted that non-tariff measures effects are usually determined by assessing changes in volumes and terms of trade with various methods. The frequency analysis method defines the coverage of imported goods by non-tariff measures as a share in the volume of imports or in the number of commodity items. The price gap assessment method defines the changes in the in-country prices under the influence of non-tariff measures. Survey method allows to obtain various estimates of these measures effects from business, index analysis method – to calculate index assessments of non-tariff measures effects, including based on survey data. Econometric method estimates the qualitative effects of non-tariff measures, including changes in the volume of exports or imports. The article considers each of these methods with the highlighting of their advantages and disadvantages.
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AKMATALIEVA, Aida S. "PECULIARITIES OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES OF RUSSIAN FOREIGN TRADE REGULATION." Геоэкономика энергетики 18, no. 2 (2022): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2022_18_2_157.
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Kireyenka, N. V. "Methodological approaches to the classification of requirements for the access of agricultural products to markets used in world practice." Agrarian Economics, no. 4 (May 3, 2022): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9806-2022-4-63-79.
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Market access is subject to international jurisdiction within the World Trade Organization and means the conditions, tariff and non-tariff measures agreed by members for the entry of certain goods into their markets. The article studies and systematizes methodological approaches to the classification of requirements for access of agricultural products to markets used in world practice. The scientific and practical features of taking into account non-tariff measures of regulation in foreign trade are highlighted. The author’s classification is proposed and the requirements for agricultural products for access to potential foreign markets are substantiated.
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Chugaiev, O. "FOREIGN TRADE REGULATION IN THE ECONOMY OF SMALL AND BIG COUNTRIES." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1, no. 127 (2016): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2016.127.1.128-137.
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Size of economy is a factor of international trade regulation. We systematize the effects described in existing research works. Size of economy influences export and import priorities of foreign trade policy, efficiency of tariff regulation or tariff liberalization, sophistication of customs procedures, indirect tax rates for imports, prevalence of subsidies and trade remedies, importance of foreign trade taxes for the government revenues, opportunities and stimuli for trade disputes and wars. It is more difficult for small countries to carry out import substitution policy. In small countries tariff regulation is less efficient, considering the absence of the terms of trade effect and market competition deterioration. But under larger trade openness customs tariffs are more important for the state budget of small countries. Non-tariff regulation is more sophisticated in large countries. The balance of economic stimuli and opportunities in trade wars and disputes is not favorable for middle-sized economies. We extrapolate the abovementioned effects to Ukraine as a middle-sized economy. This allows us to provide recommendations for its foreign trade policy: differentiated trade liberalization, dependence of the optimal foreign trade taxation level on trade openness and trade balance, collective trade sanctions.
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Sadigov, Ilqar Misraddin oglu. "SOME MODELS OF PRICE REGULATION OF NATURAL MONOPOLIES." Annali d'Italia 47 (September 20, 2023): 3–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8364888.
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The paper considers the problem of finding the maximum of the social welfare function under the condition that the firm breaks even, the price is non-negative, and the average profit of the firm is non-negative. The paper also considers optimization models of a two-part tariff for products and services of natural monopolies.
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Axenov, M. V., and N. L. Savchenko. "Regulation of Volume of Shadow Import and Export with Help of Tariff and Non-Tariff Customs Regultion." Investment and innovation management journal 18, no. 2 (2018): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/iimj180201.
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Рустамова, И. Т. "Current issues of functioning of the non-tariff regulation system in the European Union." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 3(116) (May 15, 2020): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.116.3.015.
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В статье исследованы актуальные вопросы функционирования системы нетариф ного регулирования в Европейском союзе. Определено, что это интеграционное объединение прошло практически все стадии интеграционного процесса в рамках которого осуществляются важнейшие экономические и политические процессы Европы. Выявлено, что для таможенного тарифа ЕС харак терна эскалация - увеличение ставки таможенной пошлины по мере повышения степени переработки товара. Проведен анализ количественных ограничений импорта в странах ЕС, данных статистики по использованию мер нетарифного регулирования Европейским союзом в период с 2014-2019гг. The article deals with topical issues of the functioning of the non-tariff regulation system in the European Union. It is determined that this integration Association went through almost all stages of the integration process, during which the most important economic and political processes in Europe are carried out. It is revealed that the EU customs tariff is characterized by an escalation - an increase in the rate of customs duty as the degree of processing of goods increases. The analysis of quantitative import restrictions in the EU countries, statistics on the use of non-tariff regulation measures by the European Union in the period from 2014-2019.
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Volkov, R. G., and E. M. Sabel'nikova. "Approaches to classification of non-tariff measures for foreign trade regulation." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 17, no. 4 (2018): 783–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.17.4.783.
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AKMATALIEVA, Aida S. "SPECIFICS OF NON-TARIFF REGULATION OF FOREIGN TRADE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW." Постсоветский материк, no. 2 (2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/23116412_2022_2_61.
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Budi, Rakhmah, and Nur Handayani. "Pengendalian Internal Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak di Taman Nasional Bali Barat." e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 6, no. 2 (2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejeba.v6i2.11146.
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This study aims to know the internal control of non-tax state revenues in Bali Barat National Park in terms of accuracy of recording, staffing, and the effectiveness of non-tax state revenue policy in Bali Barat National Park. This research is qualitative descriptive research. The method of analysis used in this research is triangulation technique. Based on the results of the study, it can be taken several provisions of Government Regulation No. 12 of 2014 to become a tool of internal control of non-tax state revenue in Bali Barat National Park. The accuracy of recording of non-tax state revenue in Bali Barat National Park at the tariff level based on Government Regulation No. 12 of 2014 on Tariff of Non-Tax State Revenue applicable to the Ministry of Forestry. For Non-Tax State Revenue Receiver in Bali Barat National Park on Government Regulation No. 20/1997 on Non-Tax State Revenues. Then for the level of effectiveness of Non-Tax State Revenue in Bali Barat National Park, with the title effectiveness above 100% in every year, not the standard in Bali Barat National Park is very effective. Keywords: Internal control, Non-Tax State Revenue, and Management of government finances
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Neudakhin, V. S. "Theoretical and conceptual aspects of customs regulation of export." Entrepreneur’s Guide 16, no. 2 (2023): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-9885-2023-16-2-103-109.
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The development of export is one of the most important directions of the economic policy of the Russian Federation at the present stage. Customs regulation is one of the main instruments of economic policy aimed at the development of exports.The concept of the customs regulation of the export of goods, as an element of the system of state regulation of foreign trade is analyzed in the article. The features of customs regulation of export, which distinguish it from other areas of the state’s economic policy in relation to the development of export, are determined. Particular attention is paid to setting the goal of customs regulation of the export of goods as a benchmark for assessing the quality and development of tools of customs regulation of the export of goods in a specific industry. It is concluded that, regardless of the regulated industry, the goal of customs regulation of export is to ensure the domestic market (avoiding shortages) or restructuring export. This goal is achieved by influencing the volume of exports of goods by measures of customs–tariff and non–tariff regulation.
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Januar, Marcelino, Muhammad Agung, Dinda Yusuf Tsary Arrofi, Elisatris Gultom, and Helza Nova Lita. "Implications Of Lion Group's Non-Compliance In Reporting Changes In Airfare Policies To Monopolistic Practices And Unfair Business Competition In The Aviation Industry." Jurnal Impresi Indonesia 3, no. 12 (2024): 972–83. https://doi.org/10.58344/jii.v3i12.5860.
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The aviation industry in Indonesia plays an important role in supporting community mobility and the national economy. However, non-compliance with regulations, especially in reporting changes in ticket fare policies, has the potential to create monopolistic practices and unfair business competition. One of the cases that emerged was Lion Group's non-compliance which had an impact on the structure of the domestic aviation market. This study aims to analyze the implications of Lion Group's non-compliance with fare regulations on business competition in the aviation industry. The approach used is juridical-normative with data collection techniques through literature studies. The data analyzed includes laws and regulations, legal decisions, and related literature. The results of the study show that Lion Group's non-compliance creates barriers for competitors, reduces consumer choice, and increases the risk of unhealthy market dominance. This violates the principles of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unhealthy Business Competition. The implications of this study show the urgency of strengthening regulation and supervision by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) to prevent similar violations. Transparency in tariff policies and commitment to regulation are needed to create healthy and fair competition in the aviation industry. This non-compliance has much greater implications than just an internal problem of the company. This also has an impact on monopolistic practices and unfair business competition that can harm consumers and other business actors. In this context, business competition law, especially Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition, is important to maintain healthy competition. Non-compliance with the reporting of these tariff changes not only has the potential to lead to competitive unfairness, but can also exacerbate market dominance by a single company, thereby suppressing the diversity of choices for consumers. Through this study, the legal and economic implications of Lion Group's non-compliance with tariff reporting provisions in the business competition law will be analyzed. The author will also examine the extent of its impact on business competition in the Indonesian aviation industry, as well as the steps that can be taken by the relevant authorities to prevent monopolistic practices and promote fair competition. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the importance of compliance with fare regulations in creating a healthy and sustainable business climate in the aviation industry.
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Cyvínová, Petra. "The characteristic of the problems of the Common organization of the market for wine." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 6 (2004): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452060211.
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The Czech Republic is part of integrated domestic market of the European Union and it is abided by rules of the Common agricultural policy for the common organization of the market for single sectors of commodities in case of agrarian products. All Czech commodities have free access on the whole territory of domestic market of the European Union without the tariff and non-tariff barriers. It was abolished the customs procedure, the proving of the origin and the founding of bonded warehouse and the paying of licence fee and charges for certification. The Czech farmers (vine-growers) can operate in stabilized business environment on the basis of definite rules of economic competition.The Czech Republic within a regulation of an agrarian trade must manage common regulations of a horizontal character and vertical regulations for the sectors of commodities after the integration into the EU. The regulation is executed through the common organization of the market. The common organization of the market in wine is based on three principles – regulation of the supply, regulation of the wine quality and regulation of the market.These rules are concerned with domestic market, when the commodities move within European Union and within foreign trade, when commodities are transported a frontier. The regulation of external agrarian trade, which is concerned with conditions of import and conditions of export, is executed through the so-called trade mechanisms. The import licence and export licence, export aid and guarantee belong among these mechanisms of regulation. The intervention purchases, sales, support of private storage and so on belong among basic tools of regulation of domestic agrarian market.The paper is focused on an analysis of the problems of the common organization of the market in wine and its impact on the wine-growing industry in the Czech Republic.
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Khakimova, F. A., A. A. Saidov, and U. B. Pirmuxammedova. "Criteria and algorithm for risk management in non-tariff regulation of foreign trade." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 13, no. 4 (2023): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2023.00046.0.
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Mozgovaya, Oksana, Boris Fain, and Boris Fain. "INTERREGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SALES MARKUPS OF GUARANTEED (DEFAULT) ELECTRICITY SUPPLIERS BEFORE AND AFTER THE SWITCH TO THE METHOD OF ANALOGUES’ COMPARISON." Public Administration Issues, no. 1 (2023): 120–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2023-0-1-120-149.
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The article discusses interregional differentiation of sales markups of guaranteed (default) electricity suppliers (GESs) for domestic and non-domestic consumers in Russia. Since 2018, GESs tariff regulation was switched to the method of analogues’ comparison, which establishes the yardstick parameters of GESs. The tariff regulation reforming is the part of state policy intended to reduce territorial disparity between sales markups of GESs. The aim of this study is to estimate ranges of interregional differentiation of guaranteed (default) electricity suppliers’ sales markups after the switch to the method of analogues’ comparison. The hypothesis of this study states that the transition to the method of analogues’ comparison has reduced territorial disparity between sales markups of GESs. The study analyses the level ofinterregional differentiation of sales markups of GESs in 2014 – 2022. The oscillation index and the variation index have been calculatedd for the whole country divided by the scales of activity and in groups of guaranteed (default) electricity suppliers. The results of the analysis of the tariff decisions (139 GESs in 76 regions of Russia) show that the interregional disparity between sales markups in the 2-nd half of 2022 has decreased for domestic and non-domestic consumers but remains high due to the limited impact of the method of analogues’ comparison to reduce the territorial disparity between sales markups, which has been innated in its methodology. It is necessary to improve the methodology of analogues’ comparison regulation with regard to GESs and other types of regulated electric power industries.
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Субботин, Юрий Борисович. "SUBJECTIVENESS OF INTERPRETATION OF COMPOSITE GOODS IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Право, no. 3(71) (September 26, 2022): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpravo/2022.3.069.
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Рассматривается вопрос неформализованного подхода к интерпретации составных товаров для таможенных целей. Отсутствие граничных критериев при классификации товаров в соответствии с товарной номенклатурой внешнеэкономической деятельности (ТН ВЭД) может привести к различным результатам идентификации товара разными субъектами таможенных правоотношений и, как следствие, к разным мерам тарифного и нетарифного регулирования по товару. The issue of a non-formalized approach to the interpretation of composite goods for customs purposes is considered. The absence of boundary criteria in the classification of goods in accordance with the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity (TN VED) can lead to different results of product identification by different subjects of customs legal relations and, as a result, to different measures of tariff and non-tariff regulation of the product.
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Starkova, N. "The influence of protectionism on the state of the Russian pork market." Bulletin of Science and Practice 4, no. 12 (2018): 416–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2272963.
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In article has been made an assessment of domestic protectionist policies affecting domestic production and the pork market. The most significant periods of implementation of non-tariff regulation measures in this sector and the associated socio-economic changes are analyzed. The author describes the main reasons for international disputes and legal proceedings caused by the protectionist policy of the Russian Federation. The conditions for the effective use of measures of state regulation of foreign trade are specified.
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Shevchuk, S. "NON-TARIFF REGULATION AS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM FOR PROVIDING CUSTOMS INTERESTS OF THE STATE." Ekonomika ta derzhava, no. 3 (March 30, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6806.2019.3.71.
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Petrunenko, Ia V., and V. V. Troinikov. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASPECTS OF NON-TARIFF REGULATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: GUIDELINES FOR UKRAINE." Juris Europensis Scientia, no. 6 (2024): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.32782/chern.v6.2024.8.
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СМЕНТИНА, Наталія. "ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКСПОРТУ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 326, № 1 (2024): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2024-326-22.
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The article analyses the impact of the war in Ukraine on national entrepreneur’s export activity as the simplest form of their foreign economic activity. The general trends in the Ukrainian export of goods and services were revealed. For example, in the context of changes in geographical structure, the only available direction of Ukraine's foreign trade now is the west. Also, the unevenness of the export reduction by the sectors of the national economy was noted. The article shows the present of export reduction in all sectors of Ukraine economy. The article defines the challenges faced by national entrepreneurs due to the introduction of customs-tariff and non-tariff state regulation of foreign economic activity as by the Ukrainian government and by global market players. Among the challenges, the following are identified: closing the markets of the aggressor country and the needs of finding new sales markets for nationally produced products; problems with logistics; changes in the list of goods whose export is subject to quotas and licensing. The article shows the role of administrative economic instruments pursued to prevent food insecurity. Attention is focused on such an instrument of state regulation of foreign economic activity as the customs duty. The transformation of this state regulation instrument role from a kind of barrier to entering world markets into a preference for supporting Ukrainian business in the difficult conditions of war has been shown. Due to the weakening of the protective function of customs duties, the importance of non-tariff regulation tools in the form of technical barriers, subsidies, subsidies, currency regulation tools, etc. has been emphasized. The instruments of government financial support of Ukrainian entrepreneurs with export potential have been determined. The main of these tools are: informing businesses about changes in the legislative framework of foreign economic activity from the State Institution "Office of Entrepreneurship Development and Reforms"; stimulating export expansion through financial risk insurance; the possibility of obtaining grant support within the framework of the implementation of the government initiative "is a Job"; consulting support from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
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Zakrevskaya, A. G., and N. G. Lyubimova. "Implementation of a new pricing mechanism in the heat supply market." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 4 (May 30, 2023): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2023-4-108-116.
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The article notes the lack of investment in heat supply market, which leads to increased wear and tear of both heat sources and heating networks, huge heat losses and non-competitiveness of district heating systems. A proposal is being considered to implement a new model of the heat market in all regions of Russia and to switch from direct state regulation of tariffs for heat energy (capacity) to contractual tariffs, the maximum level of which is determined by the “alternative boiler house” method. However, for those regions where the existing tariffs for heat energy (capacity) are higher than the established limit levels using the “alternative boiler house” method, the authors propose the use of other approaches and methods of tariff regulation, in particular, examples, advantages and disadvantages of using energy service contracts, tariff regulation based on method of return on invested capital, new legislation in terms of obtaining long-term loans for the modernization of infrastructure from the National Welfare Fund and the Housing and Utilities Reform Assistance Fund.
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Kardanov, V. A., and V. N. Kulik. "Administrative regulation measures for foreign trade in the European union (on the example of the Republic of Poland) and in the Eurasian economic union (on the example of the Russian Federation)." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 2 (April 7, 2019): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-2-101-105.
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The European Union is the largest trading partner for the Eurasian Economic Union. The multi-integration of the Eurasian Economic Union with foreign countries practically guarantees a positive result. The issues, related with non-tariff measures regulating foreign trade, have been considered in the article. For the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Russian Federation in particular, in the near future, the main task should be step-by-step standardization and elimination of almost all non-tariff barriers to trade, as these values significantly aggravate the counter-trade in goods and services and hinder further integration. And this concerns, above all, the development towards the European Union.
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BEGHIN, JOHN, ANNE-CÉLIA DISDIER, STÉPHAN MARETTE, and FRANK VAN TONGEREN. "Welfare costs and benefits of non-tariff measures in trade: a conceptual framework and application." World Trade Review 11, no. 3 (2012): 356–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745612000201.
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AbstractThis paper provides a systematic welfare-based approach to analyze the impact of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on trade and welfare in the presence of market imperfections. It focuses on standard-like measures such as technical barriers and sanitary and phytosanitary regulations. The approach overcomes the shortcomings of the mainstream approach based on the analysis of foregone trade caused by trade costs. The latter ignores market imperfections, and welfare is found to increases when NTMs are reduced and trade expands. We explain how to account for external effects and market failures in trade-focused welfare analysis, leading to a more balanced overall assessment of measures despite a potential reduction of trade flows. The relationships between trade, welfare, and NTMs are complex, and generalizations are best avoided. Very often, the optimum NTM is not the absence of regulation. An application to shrimp trade illustrates the feasibility of the proposed approach. The illustration shows that the reinforcement of a food safety standard can be socially preferable to the status-quo situation, both domestically and internationally.
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Ardiyanti, Septika Tri, and Ayu Sinta Saputri. "DAMPAK NON TARIFF MEASURES (NTMs) TERHADAP EKSPOR UDANG INDONESIA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 12, no. 1 (2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v12i1.244.
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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan non tarif terhadap ekspor udang dan olahannya dari Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui dampak NTM terhadap ekspor, studi ini menggunakan gravity model dengan panel data. Variabel yang digunakan antara lain volume ekspor udang dan olahannya, PDB negara tujuan ekspor, nilai tukar riil, jarak ekonomi, tarif bea masuk dan variabel NTM berupa SPS dan TBT. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa NTM memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap ekspor udang dan olahan udang nasional. Pengenaan TBT di negara tujuan ekspor memiliki dampak negatif yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan SPS. Volume ekspor udang dan olahan ke negara mitra yang menerapkan TBT 30,2% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara yang tidak menerapkan TBT, sementara ekspor ke negara dengan SPS 21,3% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara yang tidak menerapkan SPS. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia belum mampu untuk memenuhi standar dan persyaratan impor yang diterapkan di negara tujuan ekspor. Dengan demikian, pemerintah diharapkan dapat memberikan bantuan bagi para eksportir udang dengan memberikan bantuan informasi pasar serta regulasi yang berlaku di negara tujuan ekspor. Selain itu, pemerintah juga perlu untuk memberikan dukungan sehingga eksportir dapat memenuhi standar dan persyaratan yang berlaku di negara tujuan ekspor. This study aims to analyze the impact of non-tariff policy on shrimp and processed shrimp in Indonesia. To analyze the impact of NTM on Indonesia's shrimp export, this study uses gravity model with panel data. Variables used are export volume of Indonesia’s shrimp and processed shrimp, GDP of export destination countries, real exchange rate, economic distance, import duty and NTM variables (SPS and TBT). This study shows that NTM has negative impact on shrimp exports. The imposition of TBT in export destination countries has a greater negative impact on shrimp export c than SPS. The shrimp export volume to the partner countries appliying TBT is 30,2% lower than countries that not applying TBT, while exports to cpuntries imposing SPs is 21,3% lower than countries without SPS. This fact indicates that Indonesia’s exporters has not been able to meet standards and requirements applied by export destination countries. Therefore, the government is expected to provide assistance to the exporters by providing market information, regulation and requirements in export destination country. In addition, the government also needs to provide support so that exporters could meet the standards and requirements applied by export destination countries.
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Normal, I. Nyoman, and Ni Nyoman Nurani. "PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN BAKU KERAMIK BERPORI UNTUK PENAMBAHAN TARIF PELAYANAN PADA BTIKK TAHUN 2019." Forum Manajemen 18, no. 1 (2020): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.61938/fm.v18i1.388.
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The aims of this research were to: evaluate the recent ceramic raw material tariff, make the porous ceramic raw material alternative, select the porous ceramic raw material alternative, and propose the best porous ceramic raw material tariff with its financial variable as a new tariff. The research results shew that : the ceramic raw material service tariff according to Govermental Regulation Number 51 year 2018 is not enaough, because it followed by two tariff, that is : Rp 4.500,-each kg (white ceramic) and Rp 4.200,- each kg (stoneware ceramic), so the demand about glazur, castle mass, porous ceramic raw material, and others are nothing in the tariff. The development of porous ceramic raw material have been done by BTIKK which produce many compositon, that is : darkam-1 (75% Darmasaba clay : 25% husk), darkam-2 (70% Darmasaba clay : 30% husk), darkam-3 (65% Darmasaba clay : 35% husk), and darkam-4 (60% Darmasaba clay : 40% husk). The porous ceramic raw material with darkam-2 composition have been proposed as service addition to increase non tax revenue for BTIKK, because it closer to the requirements of raw material standard, it has been made water filter pot, it use Bali local raw material, and it result the economies cost of good manufactured. The financial variable of darkam-2 porous ceramic raw material followed by : cost of good manufactured Rp 3.858,73, cost price Rp 4.244,60, and operating profit margin Rp 308,70 each kg.
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Ronzhina, Nina A. "THE PRACTICE OF CHALLENGING DECISIONS OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES IN CASES OF VIOLATION OF CUSTOMS RULES IN THE CROSS-BORDER MOVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE GOODS." Chronos 6, no. 4(54) (2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-54-4-13.
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The article substantiates the importance of contesting procedures as an effective mechanism for ensuring the legality of the environmental and legal activities of customs authorities aimed at protecting human life and health, the environment, animal and plant life. The author analyzes the practice of challenging decisions of customs authorities on bringing participants in foreign economic activity (FEA) to administrative responsibility for non-compliance with non-tariff regulation measures in the cross-border movement of environmentally sensitive goods.
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Aituar, A., and A. Akhmedyarova. "The effect of non-tariff barriers reduction on trade of Kazakhstan." Economics: the strategy and practice 16, no. 2 (2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2021-2-62-70.
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This article examines the impact of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) reduction on Kazakhstan’s trade due to the creation of the Eurasian Customs Union (ECU) in 2010. The assessment of the effect of NTBs reduction was carried out using a dynamic gravity model and econometric PMG method. The synchronization of the system of phytosanitary norms and the approval of a unified system of customs regulation have reduced the cost of trade. These innovations have reduced NTBs between ECU countries, which should increase trade flows between countries.According to the model’s estimates, the reduction in NTBs increased Kazakhstan’s imports from the ECU countries by 33% but did not have a significant impact on exports to these countries. That is, on average, Kazakhstani producers benefited less from joining the ECU than producers in other CU countries. These results confirm the findings of reports of international organizations that because of the creation of the ECU, non-tariff barriers between countries have significantly decreased. Unfortunately, Kazakh producers have not been able to take full advantage of the benefits of joining the ECU, and although NTBs between countries have decreased, total exports to ECU countries have not increased. At the same time, the reduction of barriers between countries allowed entrepreneurs from other countries to increase their exports to Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan’s imports) by 33 percent.
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Egorov, Evgeniy A., Zhanna A. Shadrina, Gayane A. Kochian, and Nikolay A. Shcherbakov. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of the instruments of state regulation of industrial fruit growing." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 12 (2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-11-9-14.
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The characteristic of the arising imbalances in the organization of reproductive processes in industrial fruit growing is given. The main existing instruments of state regulation of the development of the horticulture industry are considered and an assessment of their sufficiency is given. Additional instruments of state regulation of industrial fruit growing are proposed, aimed at leveling functional imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes and at increasing the efficiency of industrial production; improving the pricing system for products sold; the use of non-tariff regulation measures providing for the establishment of seasonal quotas for the period of mass collection and sale of domestically produced fruit products.
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Martono, Kemis, Sandriana Marina, and Aditya Wardana. "DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA." JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 3, no. 1 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v3i1.137.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation of provisions of the domestic air transport regulations provided in the 2009 Civil Aviation Act. The method is a library research that study the scheduled air transportation including the requirement of the establishment of airlines; capital of air transport business entities, aircraft ownership and operation requirements, share holder composition, bank guarantee requirements, aviation human resources; tarif’s regulations including passenger’s tariff, passengers’ protection, best practices; non-scheduled air transportation; general aviation and air transportation pioneer has been fully implemented and compliances with the airlines. It is concluded that the provision of air transport regulation provided in the Civil Aviation Act of 2009 has been fully implemented and compliances with the airlines in Indonesia.
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Martono, Kemis, Sandriana Marina, and Aditya Wardana. "DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG) 3, no. 1 (2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v3i1.137.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation of provisions of the domestic air transport regulations provided in the 2009 Civil Aviation Act. The method is a library research that study the scheduled air transportation including the requirement of the establishment of airlines; capital of air transport business entities, aircraft ownership and operation requirements, share holder composition, bank guarantee requirements, aviation human resources; tarif’s regulations including passenger’s tariff, passengers’ protection, best practices; non-scheduled air transportation; general aviation and air transportation pioneer has been fully implemented and compliances with the airlines. It is concluded that the provision of air transport regulation provided in the Civil Aviation Act of 2009 has been fully implemented and compliances with the airlines in Indonesia.