Academic literature on the topic 'Non-timber wood products – Zimbabwe'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Non-timber wood products – Zimbabwe.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Non-timber wood products – Zimbabwe"
1
Mabvurira, Vincent, and Jabulani Calvin Makhubele. "Children of the forests: Child gatherers and traders in non-wood forest products in the Mazowe Valley area in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 11 (May 11, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i11.2.
Full text
2
Olawuyi, E. B., O. C. Odeyale, B. H. Ugege, and D. A. Adenuga. "Socio-economic analysis of non-timber forest products: A case of wrapping leaves in Oluwa Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria." Agro-Science 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v20i2.2.
Full textAbstract:
The significant role of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) cannot be over emphasized in nation building. Despite the tremendous benefits derived from the NTFPs in supporting the rural dwellers financially, it is perceived as less important to national development especially in developing countries. This study analyzed the economic benefits of non-timber forest products in Oluwa forest reserve, Ondo State with a view to encouraging sustainable forest management. Purposive and random sampling were used to select 213 respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics and the budgetary techniques analyses were used for the study. Results indicated that majority of the respondents were male (56.10%), 30.00% were between the age of 30-39 years, 78.10% were married, 55.90% had household size between 1-5 people and 47.10% had secondary education. Major non-timber forest products identified in the study area include; wrapping leaves (23.20%), fuel wood (22.60%), bush meat (14.80%), snails (9.70%) and wild fruits (7.70%). The study showed that respondents used more of wrapping leaves and fuel wood with average ranking of 0.84 and 0.83 respectively. The result showed a positive profit (₦20,700.00) for wrapping leaf business and returns ₦1.80k for every ₦1 invested. The study calls for sustainable forest management of non-timber forest products to be taken up as a developmental strategy in the study area.
Key words: NTFPs, Oluwa forest reserve, rural dwellers, sustainable forest management, wrapping leaves
3
Singh, S., N. Chaudhary, and A. K. Bhatia. "Role of Non-Timber Forest Products in Rural Economy of Farmers." International Journal of Economic Plants 7, no. 4 (November 28, 2020): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2020.0381.
Full textAbstract:
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs), also known as non-wood forest products (NWFPs) and secondary forest products are useful substances obtained from forests. The key feature of NTFP’s is the continuous flow of returns against timber returns that are available intermittently at an interval of rotation period. An estimated 80% of the population of the developing world uses NWFP to meet some of their health and nutritional needs. NTFPs provide greater opportunities to the people by providing employment in the lean agriculture season. Most of the activities pertaining to NTFPs like collection, processing, transportation, marketing etc. are labour intensive and provide employment. India holds monopoly in world trade over some of the natural resins and gums such as lac, gum karaya and guar gum. Tribals derive 20-40% of their annual income from minor forest produce on which they spend major portion of their time. It has been established that a number of tribal, rural and forest department communities derive a significant part of their needs, income food and nutrition. The edible NTFPs play an important role in food & nutritional security of rural people. However, due to number of factors like destruction of natural habitat, fluctuating prices, population growth is hindering the development of NTFPs.
4
Emmerich, Lukas, Maja Bleckmann, Sarah Strohbusch, Christian Brischke, Susanne Bollmus, and Holger Militz. "Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds." Holzforschung 75, no. 9 (February 15, 2021): 786–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2020-0252.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot (Trametes versicolor), brown rot (Coniophora puteana) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.
5
Pitri, Rina Muhayah Noor. "PREMIUM PRICE PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA HUTAN PRODUKSI BERSERTIFIKASI." EnviroScienteae 12, no. 2 (September 16, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v12i2.1687.
Full textAbstract:
Forest certification is a key issue in relation to the forest products industry. It's also a new trend market of forest products. Forest certification is a guarantee that the products resulting from the forest management process in accordance with the standard of sustainable forest resources management. Certification will be increasing the cost of management as an impact of fulfilling requirement on the criteria of the certified forest. The fundamental question whether the award of certified products has been accompanied by an increase in premium price for forest estate or only becoming as the cost that reducing profit for the forest estate. The aims of this research are: 1) to know the difference between the sales price of certified and non-certified wood, 2) to know the premium price on certified forests, 3) to identify the factors that influence the amount of premium price of the certified forest. Data collection were used by searching the document and literature reference on forest certification. The results showed that the premium price received from the certified timber is higher than non-certified timber. Certified wood with high quality has a premium price that is greater than the low-quality wood. The percentage of premium price received varied forest estate. Premium price sometimes unsignificantly received by small-scale of timber estate. The revenue of premium price of certifies forest is influenced by the following factors: 1) The forest area to be certified, 2) Organizations that perform assessments, 3) Company / bodies / organizations that filed the certification, 4) he The country as a buyer of certified timber product 5) the facilitator in the market activities, 6) post-certification fee, and 7) the sales price.
6
Concu, Giovanna, Barbara de Nicolo, Nicoletta Trulli, Monica Valdés, and Massimo Fragiacomo. "Strength Class Prediction of Sardinia Grown Timber by Means of Non Destructive Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.191.
Full textAbstract:
In Italy timber and wood products are becoming increasingly used for building constructions due to their excellent physics and mechanical properties. International Codes require the use of wood previously graded according to the current regulation. This paper reports the preliminary results of an experimental campaign aimed at verifying the reliability of the use of Sardinian timber as structural material. For this purpose Maritime Pine boards from two different Sardinian areas have been analyzed and visual strength graded. Physical and morphological properties (density, knots, clusters knot, resin pockets, deviation of the grain, annual ring width position of board respect to the pith, humidity, etc.) along with mechanical and non destructive properties (elastic modulus, tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity) have been checked. Timber properties have been statistically evaluated in order to identify the performance of the base material. Regression analyses have been carried out by studying the correlation between non destructive parameters and mechanical properties in order to define a criterion for predicting the strength class of the base material.
7
Keca, Ljiljana, Milica Marceta, and Milivoj Bogojevic. "Commercialization of non-wood forest products on the territory of AP Vojvodina." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 105 (2012): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1205099k.
Full textAbstract:
In the previous utilization of natural resources in forestry as an economic activity, timber exploitation was always the dominant part, and the utilization of other forest products was partly neglected. Nowadays, non-wood forest products (NWFPs) occupy an increasingly significant position in the forestry sector in numerous countries, so that the revenue from their utilization approaches the returns realized by the classical production of timber products. The research performed in Vojvodina, on the sample of six enterprises dealing with NWFP purchase, processing and sale was aimed at the analysis of their market activities to create the image of the market of this group of products. After the study data were analyzed by dynamic statistical methods, the changes in the activities on purchase, the domestic sales and export sales between 2004 and 2010 were presented and future projects were visualized. The research in the form of questionnaire included the quantities of purchased raw materials, the scope of production and sales, both in the domestic, and in foreign markets, as well as the prices of final products. Some species of medicinal plants were purchased on the territories of Croatia and Macedonia, and the purchasing network in the domestic market was remarkably wide and it included predominantly: Nis, Svrljig, Coka, Apatin, Pancevo, Ruma, Boljevac, Kanjiza, etc. The most significant growth was realised in the purchase of a mixture of medicinal plants. Also significant are the purchased quantities of mint, which on average increased by 7.9 t and rose hip by 5.5 t per year. During the study period, the domestic sale of all species of herbal teas and medicinal plants increased significantly, while spices and honey were subject to a fluctuation in sales quantity. Average algebraic deviation of the original final NWFP sale value from the arithmetic mean accounts for 3.48%. With the significance level of 95%, it is estimated that the sale in 2012 will range between 3049.19 and 3343.95 t, under the condition that the sale continues its quadratic trend. Based on the quadratic trend, and with the significance level of 95%, it can be foreseen that the value of export in 2012 will range from 133.01 to 250.07 t. As for the time interval from 2004 to 2010, the average export amounted to 260.07 t, which encompassed primarily medicinal and aromatic plants, spices and honey. During the study period, export decreased on average by 7.03% (20.75 t per year).
8
Kelly, Matthew C., and René H. Germain. "Applying Theory of Constraints to Timber Harvesting." Croatian journal of forest engineering 41, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2020.534.
Full textAbstract:
Logging firms are a critical link in wood supply chains, connecting forest landowners with markets for wood products. Improving operational planning can benefit individual logging firms as well as the larger wood supply chain in which they operate. Applying concepts from Theory of Constraints (TOC) to timber harvesting may help achieve greater predictability and efficiency when planning harvest operations. However, examples that demonstrate how TOC can improve logging operations are lacking. This study focuses on the analysis of production and activity data collected during the harvest of a temperate mixed hardwood forest in the Northeast United States using a chainsaw-forwarder system through a TOC lens. Specifically, the drum-buffer-rope (DBR) method was used to reschedule operator and machine activities such that a consistent flow of wood from stump to landing was maintained despite anticipated production setbacks. The results of this case study provide insights into the usefulness of applying TOC to logging operations. In particular, logging businesses must be able to estimate machine and operator productivity within a given harvest context to identify and exploit system constraints, while taking full advantage of unused capacity of any non-constraint functions.
9
Myers, Norman. "Tropical forests: much more than stocks of wood." Journal of Tropical Ecology 4, no. 2 (May 1988): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002728.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTTropical forests offer many more products than the category for which they are best known, viz. wood products. They can supply a host of raw materials, such as resins, oils, fibres and fruits, which collectively represent a commercial value far higher than is generally recognized. In addition they provide an exceptional abundance and variety of genetic resources, which make substantial contributions to modern agriculture, medicine, industry and energy. On top of these materials, tropical forests supply significant environmental benefits, such as protection of the soil and safeguards for watershed systems. While it is sometimes difficult to quantify the economic values of these diverse goods and services, they are often to be reckoned as equal to, if not higher than, the marketplace values represented by the commercial hardwood timber. Yet when the forests are exploited for their hardwood timber, the process is usually so disruptive to forest ecosystems that the other outputs are severely reduced. By contrast, one may exploit the forests for their other outputs with virtually no disruption to forest ecosystems. The paper describes the main categories of non-wood products available from tropical forests, analyses their relative worth, and offers summarized proposals for an expanded approach to forest development in order to take integrative account of the full range of forest benefits.
10
Siahaya, Ludia, Febian F. Tetalay, Vantri Eluwar, Patriarex Polhaupessy, and Chrisalfa L. Louhenapessy. "POTENSI DAN ETNOBOTANI AGATHIS DI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNPATTI DI NEGERI HONITETU." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 9, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v9i1.10470.
Full textAbstract:
The research about Agathis potential and Etnobotany at Education Forest aimed to get data of Agathis sp potential and etnobotany in the Education Forest, Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University at Honitetu Village. The method used was quantitative descriptive method and qualitative description. To obtain Agathis potential data, a survey technique was carried out and continued by analyzing the data using the Important Value Index to determine its ecological potential. To determine the economic potential of timber forest products by calculating the volume of wood per hectare and non-timber forest products by calculating the dammar yield obtained. Etnobotany data were collected through interview techniques which were then analyzed and described. Based on the Importand Value Index (IVI), the ecological potential of Agathis increases its dominance value at a higher growth rate. At the seedling level, Agathis occupies the 9th position, at the stake level occupies the 8th position, at the pole level occupies the 5th position, and at the tree level occupies the 2nd position. The economic potential of Agathis timber forest products based on of the volume of wood is 1.000359 m3 / ha. The economic potential of Agathis non-timber forest products for 40 trees can be obtained 120 - 240 kg per 3 months or Rp 4,800,000 to Rp 9,600,000 per year. Gum resin in daily life is used as a fire starter (“tompong api”), torch (lighting) at nihgt, glue (adhesive) and sold as a source of community income. Effort to maintain its sustainability through “Sasi Gereja” and conducting cultivation using natural extraction by individual communities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-timber wood products – Zimbabwe"
1
Greene, Sarah Marsden. "Non-Timber Forest Products Marketing Systems and Market Players in Southwest Virginia: A Case Study of Craft, Medicinal and Herbal, Specialty Wood, and Edible Forest Products." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36523.
Full textAbstract:
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are important in rural southwest Virginia as a source of household sustenance and supplemental income. The trade in NTFPs from this region is centuries old and now helps supply growing worldwide demands. Although marketing is a vital part of optimizing the value of these products, it has been ignored in rural natural resource development. This research analyzes marketing systems for selected NTFPs in southwest Virginia by describing marketing chains, interpreting data on important marketing elements, and comparing results within and between different groups of NTFPs. Product categories selected for emphasis are crafts (grapevine wreaths, baskets, furniture, and birdhouses), medicinal and herbal products, specialty wood products (musical instruments), and edible forest products. This qualitative, exploratory study utilizes direct interviews with fifty market players at various levels in marketing chains.
Results provide information on NTFP products, value addition, market outlets, pricing, promotion, distribution, and marketing chains. Hundreds of people are involved with the NTFP trade in southwest Virginia and marketing can help ameliorate negative effects of job scarcity. The greatest opportunity for local level marketing exists for market players of crafts and specialty wood products. Medicinal and herbal products are the only category which very little local value addition takes place within the region and as a result, market players have minimal control over marketing. Edible forest products are not marketed but are collected only for consumption in the household. Several opportunities for marketing include improving market access for crafts and specialty wood products, increasing production through cultivation for medicinal and herbal products, and developing capacity for edible product cultivation.Master of Science
2
Dlamini, Cliff Sibusiso. "Towards the improvement of policy and strategy development for the sustainable management of non-timber forest products: Swaziland: A case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1174.
Full text
3
Archila, Santos Hector Fabio. "Thermo-hydro-mechanically modified cross-laminated Guadua-bamboo panels." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675700.
Full textAbstract:
Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Guadua) is a bamboo species native to South and Central America that has been widely used for structural applications in small and large-scale buildings, bridges and temporary structures. Currently, its structural use is regulated within seismic resistant building codes in countries such as Peru and Colombia. Nevertheless, Guadua remains a material for vernacular construction associated with high levels of manual labour and structural unpredictability. Guadua buildings are limited to two storeys due to the overall flexibility of the slender and hollow culms and its connection systems. Its axial specific stiffness is comparable to that of steel and hardwoods, but unlike wood, Guadua’s hollow structure and lack of ray cells render it prone to buckling along the grain and to transverse crushing. As a result, Guadua’s mainstream use in construction and transformation into standard sizes or engineered Guadua products is scarce. Therefore, this work focussed on the development of standardised flat industrial structural products from Guadua devising replicable manufacturing technologies and engineering methods to measure and predict their mechanical behaviour. Cross-laminated Guadua panels were developed using thermohydro-mechanically modified and laminated flat Guadua strips glued with a high performance resin. Guadua was subjected to thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) treatments that modified its microstructure and mechanical properties. THM treatment was applied to Guadua with the aim of tackling the difficulties in the fabrication of standardised construction materials and to gain a uniform fibre content profile that facilitated prediction of mechanical properties for structural design. Densified homogenous flat Guadua strips (FGS) were obtained. Elastic properties of FGS were determined in tension, compression and shear using small-clear specimens. These properties were used to predict the structural behaviour of G-XLam panels comprised of three and five layers (G-XLam3 and G-XLam5) by numerical methods. The panels were assumed as multi-layered systems composed of contiguous lamellas with orthotropic axes orientated at 0º and 90º. A finite element (FE) model was developed, and successfully simulated the response of G-XLam3 & 5 panels virtually loaded with the same boundary conditions as the following experimental tests on full-scale panels. G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 were manufactured and their mechanical properties evaluated by testing large specimens in compression, shear and bending. Results from numerical, FE predictions and mechanical testing demonstrated comparable results. Finally, design and manufacturing aspects of the G-XLam panels were discussed and examples of their architectural and structural use in construction applications such as mid-rise buildings, grid shells and vaults are presented. Overall, this research studies THM treatments applied to Guadua in order to produce standardised engineered Guadua products (EGP), and provides guidelines for manufacturing, testing, and for the structural analysis and design with G-XLam panels. These factors are of key importance for the use of Guadua as a mainstream material in construction.
4
Cruz, Maria (Maria Regina Torres). "The impact of plant product harvesting on Derre Miombo woodlands, Mozambique / by Maria Cruz." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53124.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates how information on plant products can be used to incorporate local users into joint forest management planning by developing guidelines for sustainable collaborative management in Derre miombo woodland in the Zambézia Province in Mozambique. From the participatory appraisal, it was found that 46 woody miombo species were used in the five villages for at least 29 different purposes. Five of these species (Brachystegia boehmii, B. spiciformis, Pterocarpus angolensis, Terminalia sericea and Swartzia madagascariensis) were selected for analysis because of their multiple uses and the unknown impact of their harvesting on the future survival of those hardwood trees species. In order to determine the impact of human resource extraction on the forest and on the dynamics of tree canopy populations an inventory of woody plants was.carried out for two categories of forest land-use, namely selective harvesting and fallow land (approximately 15 years old). This was done for Golombe and Arame villages and for selective harvesting only for Mphoto village, on 23, I-ha random selected plots in the woodland adjacent to the three villages. The population structure of the five species T sericea, S. madagascariensis, P. angolensis, B. boehmii and B. spiciformis showed different trends in each of the three villages. Size class distribution of the first tree species gave evidence that the species were being harvested for building poles. This study has shown that, through plant species products, miombo contribute to the livelihoods of the local communities living in Derre woodlands. In this study it was found that usually more than one species were used for one product as well as most of the species being trees with multiple uses. This study has also provided some evidence that P. angolensis and S. madagascariensis can benefit from shifting cultivation and fire, which encourages coppice regeneration. More research is required to further validate this evidence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die moontlikhede wat inligting oor spesifieke plantprodukte bied, in die betrekking van plaaslike gemeenskappe in die proses van gesamentlike bosbestuurs- en beplanningspraktyke. Verder word riglyne opgestel aangaande die volhoubaarheid van die gesamentlike bestuurs- en beplanningspraktyke in die Derre miombo bosveld, in die Zambézia Provinsie in Mozambique. Inligting verkry vanuit die deelnemende opname dui aan dat in die vyf nedersettings wat ondersoek is, 46 houtagtige miombo spesies vir ten minste 29 verskillende doeleindes aangewend word. Vyf van die spesies (Brachystegia boehmii, B. spiciformis, Pterocarpus angolensis, Terminalia sericea en Swartzia madagascariensis) is geselekteer vir gebruik in analises as gevolg van hul benutbaarheid deur plaaslike inwoners en die feit dat minimale inligting beskikbaar is oor die impak van gebruik van die harde hout spesies op hul volhoubare benutting en voortbestaan. 'n Opname van houtagtige spesies is uitgevoer in areas wat val in een van twee bosgrondgebruiks kategoriee nl. areas wat selektief geoes en benut word, en braaklande (ongeveer 15 jaar oud). Dit is gedoen om die impak wat verwydering van boshulpbronne deur mense op die boomkruin populasies het, vas te stel. Die opname strategie is gevolg in 23 ha persele, uitgelê in die gebiede wat die Golombe, Arame en Mphoto nedersettings omring - in die geval van laasgenoemde nedersetting is slegs die impak van selektiewe benutting ondersoek. Die populasie struktuur van die vyf studiespesies (T sericea, S. madagascariensis, P. angolensis, B. boehmii en B. spiciformis) het verkil vir elk van die drie nedersettings wat ondersoek is. Die verspreiding van grootte klasse vir die eerste spesie, het aangedui dat die spesie vir gebruik as konstruksie pale geoes word. Die miombo bosveld plantegroei-tipe dra by tot die lewensonderhoud van plaaslike gemeenskappe in die vorm van plant produkte, in die Derre omgewing. Daar is verder gevind dat meer as een spesie dikwels vir dieselfde doel aangewend kan word en die meeste van die spesies wat benut word is boomagtig met meer as een gebruik. In die studie is verder aanduidings gevind dat P. angolensis en S. madagascariensis kan baatvind by grondverbouings praktyke wat gereeld verskuif word en ook brande, omdat beide praktyke kreupelhout regenerasie stimuleer. Verdere navorsing word egter benodig om dié bevinding te ondersteun.
5
Mutenje, Munyaradzi Junia. "Rural livelihoods in south-eastern Zimbabwe : the impact of HIV/AIDS on the use and management of non-timber forestry products." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8542.
Full textAbstract:
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) constitute an important source of livelihood for most poor rural households and communities in Zimbabwe. NTFPs also serve as a vital livelihood safety net in times of hardship. An important feature of this dependence is that almost all NTFPs are deemed to have ‘public good’ characteristics, with no exclusive property rights. Consequently, extraction is often intense and exhaustive because of lack of alternative income sources, unreliable productivity and weak enforcement of institutional arrangements governing NTFPs use. In recent years, with HIV/AIDS rampant in Zimbabwe, there are indications of a rapid increase in the extraction of NTFPs, mostly from common property resources. Appropriate natural resources policies need to be based on comprehensive research, yet to date scant attention has been paid to understanding the role of NTFPs in mitigating the predicaments of HIV/AIDS-affected households in Zimbabwe. The main objective of this study was to determine the types of and need for natural resource management interventions to help ensure the sustainability of local responses to HIV/AIDS.
The research focused on five communities of Sengwe Communal in the Chiredzi district, Zimbabwe. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select ten villages and households for the survey. Two villages from each community, representing the most and the least affected by epidemic were selected for each community using stratified random sampling. A cluster analysis was used to improve understanding of the challenges of rural livelihoods and how households diversify their livelihood strategies to cope with the various constraints. Five dominant groups based on their livelihood diversification patterns were identified : (1) smallholders/unskilled workers; (2) subsistence smallholder/non-timber forestry products harvesters; (3) crop production and non-timber forestry products extraction integrators; (4) commercial smallholders with regular off-farm employment; and (5) specialised commercial livestock producers. Multinomial logit model results showed that the level of education of the household head, the value of physical assets, cattle numbers and income, remittances, NTFPs income
and economic shocks were the main determinants of these livelihood choices. Empirical evidence also revealed that households that were statistically significantly affected by HIV/AIDS economic shocks practised ‘distress-push’ diversification by extracting NTFPs. These results suggest that policy makers need to advise rural households on how to improve their risk management capacities and move from geographically untargeted investments in livelihood assets to a more integrated approach adapted to the asset base of individual households.
Using panel data from 200 households in 2008 and 2009, regression models revealed that NTFPs extraction is an important ex-post coping mechanism for many HIV/AIDS-afflicted households. The results also revealed that the main determinants of livelihood strategy choices were differences in asset endowment, especially education, land and livestock and the impact of the shock. Asset constraints compelled diversification into lower-return activities such as NTFPs extraction. Findings from a comparative analysis of HIV/AIDS-afflicted and non-afflicted households showed that HIV/AIDS-afflicted households were relatively young, with relatively few physical and livestock assets. A fixed-effect Tobit model indicated a positive significant relationship between HIV staging and quantity of NTFPs extracted. The relatively young, poorly educated households with low household coping capacity in terms of livestock value relied more on the natural insurance of forests in buffering HIV/AIDS economic shocks. These results have important policy implications for development planners, conservationists and non-governmental organisations working in the region. There is a need for programmes that reduce pressure on forest resources, and improved access to education and health care, thus helping the poor to cope with the HIV/AIDS economic crisis.
This study also examined the extent to which forest degradation is driven by existing common property management regimes, resource and user characteristics, ecological knowledge and marketing structure. A Principal Component Analysis indicated that the existence of agreed-upon rules governing usage (including costs of usage), enforcement of these rules, sanctions for rule violations that are
proportional to the severity of rule violation, social homogeneity, and strong beliefs in ancestral spirits were the most important attributes determining effectiveness of local institutions in the management of Common Pool Resources (CPRs). Empirical results from an ordinary least regression analysis showed that resource scarcity, market integration index, and infrastructural development lead to greater forest resource degradation, while livestock income, high ecological knowledge, older households, and effective local institutional management of the commons reduce forest resource degradation. The results suggest that there is a need for adaptive local management systems that enhance ecological knowledge of users and regulates market structure to favour long-term livelihood securities of these forest-fringe communities.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.
Books on the topic "Non-timber wood products – Zimbabwe"
1
Johnson, Dennis Victor. Non-wood forest products: Tropical palms. Bangkok: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1997.
Find full text
2
Johnson, Dennis Victor. Non-wood forest products: Tropical palms. Bangkok: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1997.
Find full text
3
Non-wood forest products from conifers. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1998.
Find full text
4
Ciesla, William M. Non-wood forest products from temperate broad-leaved trees. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2002.
Find full text
5
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., ed. Income generation from non-wood forest products in upland conservation. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1996.
Find full text
6
Kirsti, Thornber, Baker Nell, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Resource assessment of non-wood forest products: Experience and biometric principles. Rome: FAO, 2001.
Find full text
7
International Expert Consultation on Non-Wood Forest Products (1995 Yogyakarta, Indonesia). Report of the International Expert Consultation on Non-Wood Forest Products: Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 17-27 January 1995. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1995.
Find full text
8
Nair, K. K. N. Manual of non-wood forest produce plants of Kerala. Thrissur: Kerala Forest Research Institute, 2000.
Find full text
9
Abt, Karen Lee. Effect of policies on pellet production and forests in the U.S. South: A technical document supporting the Forest Service update of the 2010 RPA assessment. Asheville, NC: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2014.
Find full text
10
Workshop on Research on Non-Timber Forest Products (1995 Hot Springs, Zimbabwe). Current issues in non-timber forest products research: Proceedings of the Workshop "Research on NTFP" : Hot Springs, Zimbabwe : 28 August-2 September 1995. Edited by Ruiz Pérez M, Arnold J. E. M, Byron Yvonne, Center for International Forestry Research., and Great Britain. Overseas Development Administration. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Non-timber wood products – Zimbabwe"
1
Barbu, Marius C., Roman Reh, and Mark Irle. "Wood-Based Composites." In Research Developments in Wood Engineering and Technology, 1–45. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4554-7.ch001.
Full textAbstract:
Wood composites are made from various wood or ligno-cellulosic non-wood materials (shape and origin) that are bonded together using either natural bonding or synthetic resin (e.g. thermoplastic or duroplastic polymers), or organic- (e.g. plastics)/inorganic-binder (e.g. cement). This product mix ranges from panel products (e.g., plywood, particleboard, strandboard, or fiberboard) to engineered timber substitutes (e.g., laminated veneer lumber or structural composite lumber). These composites are used for a number of structural and nonstructural applications in product lines ranging from interior to exterior applications (e.g. furniture and architectural trim in buildings). Wood composite materials can be engineered to meet a range of specific properties. When wood materials and processing variables are properly selected, the result can provide high performance and reliable service. Laminated composites consist of wood veneers bonded with a resin-binder and fabricated with either parallel- (e.g. Laminated Veneer Lumber with higher performance properties parallel to grain) or cross-banded veneers (e.g. plywood, homogenous and with higher dimensional stability). Particle-, strand-, or fiberboard composites are normally classified by density (high, medium, low) and element size. Each is made with a dry woody element, except for fiberboard, which can be made by either dry or wet processes. Hybrid composites based on wood wool, particles, and floor mixed with cement or gypsum are used in construction proving high weathering and fire resistance in construction. The mixture with plastics (PP or PE) and wood floor open a new generation of injected or molded Wood Plastic Composites (WPC), which are able to substitute plastics for some utilizations. In addition, sandwich panels with light core made from plastic foams or honeycomb papers are used in the furniture industry.
2
Barbu, Marius C., Roman Reh, and Mark Irle. "Wood-Based Composites." In Materials Science and Engineering, 1038–74. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch041.
Full textAbstract:
Wood composites are made from various wood or ligno-cellulosic non-wood materials (shape and origin) that are bonded together using either natural bonding or synthetic resin (e.g. thermoplastic or duroplastic polymers), or organic- (e.g. plastics)/inorganic-binder (e.g. cement). This product mix ranges from panel products (e.g., plywood, particleboard, strandboard, or fiberboard) to engineered timber substitutes (e.g., laminated veneer lumber or structural composite lumber). These composites are used for a number of structural and nonstructural applications in product lines ranging from interior to exterior applications (e.g. furniture and architectural trim in buildings). Wood composite materials can be engineered to meet a range of specific properties. When wood materials and processing variables are properly selected, the result can provide high performance and reliable service. Laminated composites consist of wood veneers bonded with a resin-binder and fabricated with either parallel- (e.g. Laminated Veneer Lumber with higher performance properties parallel to grain) or cross-banded veneers (e.g. plywood, homogenous and with higher dimensional stability). Particle-, strand-, or fiberboard composites are normally classified by density (high, medium, low) and element size. Each is made with a dry woody element, except for fiberboard, which can be made by either dry or wet processes. Hybrid composites based on wood wool, particles, and floor mixed with cement or gypsum are used in construction proving high weathering and fire resistance in construction. The mixture with plastics (PP or PE) and wood floor open a new generation of injected or molded Wood Plastic Composites (WPC), which are able to substitute plastics for some utilizations. In addition, sandwich panels with light core made from plastic foams or honeycomb papers are used in the furniture industry.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-timber wood products – Zimbabwe"
1
Šuhajdová, Eva, Miloslav Novotný, Jan Pěnčík, and Karel Šuhajda. "Experimental research on load bearing capacity of adhesively jointed beech timber lamellas." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.146.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work was to verify behavior of a beech timber finger-joint in local conditions in the Central Europe. The samples were produced with a glued joint with the finger length of 23 mm according to standard ČSN EN 14 080. Commonly used polyurethane adhesive for production of engineered wood products in the Czech Republic was used. The samples were loaded by destructive four-point bending tests according to standard ČSN EN 408, and the achieved bending strength was statistically evaluated and compared with results of non-glued samples. The results showed that bending strength of lamellas with a finger-joint reached about 65% of the strength of samples without a joint, and the failure of lamellas occurred in most cases at the joint.
2
BANU, Constantin, Lile RAMONA, Tiberiu IANCU, Mihaela MOATĂR, Dora ORBOI, Carolina ȘTEFAN, and Sorin STANCIU. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROMANIAN AND THE MAIN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES’ NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEMS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.039.
Full textAbstract:
In the European Union, forests and other wooded areas cover a total of 177.8 million hectares, which represents approximately 40% of the EU total area and an area similar to that used for agricultural purposes (183.9 million hectares). Germany, Spain, France, Finland and Sweden make up over three-fifths of the area covered by forests in the EU. Our paper shows the distribution of forested areas in the EU and their importance in comparison with the agricultural area of each Member State. In 2014, the EU represents about 12 % of global timber volume harvested timber from forests and woodlands on its surfaces rising to 392.9 million m3. Forestry, logging and related services covering timber production and extraction and harvesting of forest products that grow in the wild. In addition to industrial round wood, forests produce firewood, too. In some regions, non-timber forest products are also an important source of local income. In the research approach, we considered necessary and appropriate to perform a comparative analysis of the situation of Romanian forest similar to that of the main European Union countries, to identify measures that some of them have tried, and even managed to increase a rational exploitation of afforested areas forest resources. The results conducted to a comparative analysis of the National Forest and the main EU countries’ Systems, to identify possible starting points for grounding new sustainable development strategies, given their similar experience.