Academic literature on the topic 'Non-treatment physical activity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-treatment physical activity"
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Koo, Bo Kyung. "Non-pharmacologic treatment for obesity." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 65, no. 7 (July 10, 2022): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.7.400.
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Background: The prevalence of obesity has been rapidly increasing in the Korean population. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, degenerative arthritis, and autoimmune diseases. It also increases the risks of different malignancies, gall bladder disease, and pancreatitis.Current Concepts: Lifestyle intervention assisted by frequent behavioral therapy is crucial despite the modest amount of weight loss achieved. Energy intake restriction combined with increased physical activity can not only facilitate weight loss but also improve metabolic health. Furthermore, this combination can help maintain weight reduction during and after lifestyle interventions. Energy intake restriction with a daily deficit of 500–1,000 kcal and physical activity including aerobic exercise for 150 minutes or more per week and resistance training 2–4 times a week are generally recommended for obesity management.Discussion and Conclusion: Comprehensive lifestyle intervention should be individualized and supported by a multidisciplinary team. A long-term behavioral intervention is necessary for success in obesity treatment.
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Ballarin, Giada, Maria Rosaria Licenziati, Olivia Di Vincenzo, Luca Scalfi, and Giuliana Valerio. "Perceived Difficulties in Physical Tasks and Physical Fitness in Treatment- and Non-Treatment-Seeking Youths with Obesity." Children 9, no. 9 (September 4, 2022): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9091351.
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Youths with obesity are more likely to experience physical and psychosocial distress which strongly limits physical activity, with consequences on the quality of life. Most evidence of lower physical fitness and physical activity levels has been reported in treatment-seeking samples, while few data are available in community samples. Our aim was to assess whether perceived difficulties in physical tasks and physical fitness performance differed between treatment- and non-treatment-seeking youths with obesity, enrolled from a hospital (H) and a school (S). Three hundred fifty-one youths (269 from H and 82 from S) were enrolled. Sports participation, sedentary habits and perceived difficulties in physical tasks were assessed by interview. Six-minute walk test (SMWD) and long jump (LJ) were performed. BMI Z-score, sedentary time and perceived difficulties were higher in H vs. S. In addition, youths from H scored worse in SMWD and LJ. For the same BMI Z-score, the perceived difficulties and physical fitness were poorer in the H compared to the S group. The setting (H) was the stronger predictor of perceived difficulties and lower performance. Our findings underline that physical aspects imposed by obesity are more evident in treatment-seeking youths. Counseling related to perceived difficulties in physical tasks and performance is useful to treat youth with obesity with appropriate and personalized modalities.
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Dediu, Giorgiana Nicoleta, Irina Crismaru, Monica Bajan, Georgiana Ionescu, Madalina Ilie, Gabriela Udrea, Camelia Diaconu, and Daniela Bartos. "THE NON-PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Romanian Journal of Rheumatology 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjr.2015.2.1.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, destructive and deforming arthropathy, characterized by symmetrical erosive synovitis and multisystemic injury. Despite the progresses of pharmacological therapy for RA, many patients continue to have active disease with the risk of developing disability. A number of non-pharmacological therapies are used in addition to the regular treatment of RA. On October 7th, 2008, American Physical Activity guidelines were released, based on the latest physical activity techniques, with impact on the health of people with arthritis, grouped under the acronym SMART. A comprehensive management program for RA includes patient education, psycho-social interventions, adequate rest, exercise, physical and occupational therapy, nutritional and dietetics counseling, interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and immunizations to reduce the risk of complications from immunosuppressive treatment. The objectives of this program are: disease stabilization, preventing deviations, deformities and ankylosis, combating retractions and stiffness, partial or complete restoration of motor functional capacity of patients. For achieving these goals, the treatment must adhere to the following general conditions: to be initiated early, to be continuous and complex. In conclusion, education and counseling of the patient are important for the management of RA. The physicians should explain to the patient all the treatment options and develop with him a longitudinal treatment plan, which includes the association of the pharmacological therapy with the non-pharmacological one.
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Crandall, K. Jason, and Patricia A. Eisenman. "Physical Activity: A Treatment Option for Binge Eating Disorder?" Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 10, no. 2 (October 2001): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.10.2.95.
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Binge eating disorder (BED) is a relatively new eating disorder that involves recurrent binge eating without compensatory purging behaviors such as using laxatives, excessive physical activity, and/or dietary restraint. Individuals diagnosed with BED exhibit both psychological and physiological problems that are distinct from bulimia nervosa and non-BED obese individuals. There has been little to no research examining the effects of physical activity on BED treatment. Since current BED treatment strategies have been less than successful, physical activity may be a positive addition to BED treatment. Therefore the objectives of this paper are 1) to raise the awareness of exercise professionals as to. the existence of BED, 2) explore the mechanisms that might support the utilization of physical activity as an adjunct treatment strategy for BED and 3) to prompt more interest among researchers and practitioners relative to using physical activity interventions with BED clients.
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Whitsett, Maureen. "Physical activity as a treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review." World Journal of Hepatology 7, no. 16 (2015): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v7.i16.2041.
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Kerner, Ivana, Marija Rakovac, and Bruno Lazinica. "Leisure-time physical activity and absenteeism." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 68, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2963.
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Abstract Regular physical activity has a significant impact on health. There is scientific evidence for prescription of exercise in the treatment of at least 26 different chronic non-communicable diseases. Furthermore, it has an indirect role in the preservation of work capacity. The aim of this study was to review the published results of research on the relationship between leisure-time PA and absenteeism due to sickness. Medline database was searched using the keywords “leisuretime physical activity AND (sick leave OR sickness absence OR absenteeism)”. Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis. A negative correlation between leisure-time PA and absenteeism due to sickness in working population was determined in 11 studies. The results support the inclusion of PA promotion in the programmes intended to reduce absenteeism prevalence, the latter being an important public health issue.
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Ravesloot, Craig. "Changing Stage of Readiness for Physical Activity in Medicaid Beneficiaries With Physical Impairments." Health Promotion Practice 10, no. 1 (January 2009): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839906292182.
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People with disabilities are more sedentary than the general population, putting them at risk for secondary conditions like diabetes. This study investigated the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) for changing stage of readiness for physical activity, taking into account baseline stage of readiness and participation barriers. Study participants (n = 139 non-institutionalized, disabled Medicaid beneficiaries) were randomly assigned to either the treatment condition (MI) or a control condition (newsletter). Individuals receiving MI were more likely to move into the preparation stage of readiness (OR = 3.13). Regardless of treatment condition, individuals in the contemplation stage at baseline were more likely to move into preparation (OR = 5.53) and action stage (OR = 8.89). With regard to participation barriers, each unit increase in participants' ratings predicted a 4% to 5% reduction in likelihood of moving into either the preparation or action stage of readiness.
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Nurmasitoh, Titis, Umatul Khoiriyah, Ika Fidianingsih, Adika Zhulhi Arjana, and Ninda Devita. "Impact of Obesity on Physical Activity." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, A (November 17, 2021): 988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6965.
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BACKGROUND: Obesity occurs due to an imbalance between the calories and the energy released. On the animal model, obesity is considered as the ground for low physical activity. This is caused by low dopamine D2 receptor in the striatum. However, this suggestion is still unproven in the human condition. AIM: The aim of this study was to find out difference in dopamine expression in obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects when triggered by the stimuli of physical activity. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental study. The sample was obese and non-obese (control) female who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Before treatment was given, subjects were asked to fill out a depression, anxiety, and exercise motivation questionnaire. All subjects were tested for vital signs, anthropometrics, and neurological examinations to determine the initial condition. Then, the subjects saw video about physical activity and were taken for blood to measure blood dopamine levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differences in dopamine levels between the obese and control groups were analyzed using independent t-test. The relationship between dopamine levels and exercise motivation was analyzed using Pearson. RESULTS: The obese group’s dopamine level was 71.19 ±3.02ng/ml and the control group was 81.15 ± 3.17ng/ml (independent t-test, p = 0.032). The obese group’s motivation score was 58.46 ± 1.59 and the control group score was 62.38 ± 1.54 (independent t-test, p = 0.09). Furthermore, there was no correlation between dopamine levels and motivation scores (Pearson test, p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in dopamine levels between the obese group and the control group but no correlation between dopamine levels and exercise motivation scores.
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James-Burdumy, Susanne, Nicholas Beyler, Kelley Borradaile, Martha Bleeker, Alyssa Maccarone, and Jane Fortson. "The Impact of Playworks on Students’ Physical Activity by Race/Ethnicity: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 3 (March 2016): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2014-0607.
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Background:The Playworks program places coaches in low-income urban schools to engage students in physical activity during recess. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of Playworks on students’ physical activity separately for Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic white students.Methods:Twenty-seven schools from 6 cities were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Accelerometers were used to measure the intensity of students’ physical activity, the number of steps taken, and the percentage of time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during recess. The impact of Playworks was estimated by comparing average physical activity outcomes in treatment and control groups.Results:Compared with non-Hispanic black students in control schools, non-Hispanic black students in Playworks schools recorded 338 more intensity counts per minute, 4.9 more steps per minute, and 6.3 percentage points more time in MVPA during recess. Playworks also had an impact on the number of steps per minute during recess for Hispanic students but no significant impact on the physical activity of non-Hispanic white students.Conclusions:The impact of Playworks was larger among minority students than among non-Hispanic white students. One possible explanation is that minority students in non-Playworks schools typically engaged in less physical activity, suggesting that there is more room for improvement.
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Schreiner, Nathanial, Joseph Perazzo, Sarah Digenarro, Jackson Currie, Barbara Daly, and Allison Webel. "Examining the Association between Item Specific Treatment Burden and Adherence in People Living with HIV." Western Journal of Nursing Research 42, no. 7 (October 4, 2019): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945919880317.
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For the 1.1 million people with HIV (PWH) in the United States, adherence to a HIV anti-retroviral medication regimen, engagement in regular physical activity, and eating a healthy diet are essential for maintaining optimal health. However, treatment burden can increase the risk for self-management non-adherence. We analyzed data of 103 men and women diagnosed with HIV to examine the relationship between medication, physical activity, and diet-related treatment burden to corresponding measures of self-management adherence. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that one medication treatment burden item explained 11% (p=.01) of self-reported 30-day HIV anti-retroviral medication adherence; physical activity treatment burden, along with physical functioning, explained 25% (p<.001) of physical activity, measured by daily average steps; and diet-specific treatment burden was non-significant in maintaining a healthy diet, measured by a total Healthy Eating Index-2010 score. Findings demonstrate that specific treatment burden items can predict specific self-management outcome behavior in PWH.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-treatment physical activity"
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Kunstler, Breanne. "Physical activity promotion in physiotherapy practice." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/165585.
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Australian physiotherapists promote non-treatment physical activity, which is physical activity used to improve or maintain general health, to patients with musculoskeletal conditions. However, it is unclear how physiotherapists promote non-treatment physical activity and the behaviour change techniques they use to do this. This thesis used four studies to: (i) review the efficacy of physiotherapist-led physical activity interventions; (ii) investigate the factors that influence physiotherapists’ choice to promote non-treatment physical activity; and (iii) identify the behaviour change techniques that private practice and outpatient physiotherapists use to promote non-treatment physical activity. Two systematic reviews identified that physiotherapist-led physical activity interventions are efficacious. However, effects were small and not maintained. Additionally, physiotherapists only used a small number of behaviour change techniques when promoting physical activity. National survey and interview studies were used to identify the factors that influence physiotherapists’ choice to promote non-treatment physical activity. The survey found that having poor knowledge of how to promote non-treatment physical activity, prioritising other patient problems before non-treatment physical activity and using promotion methods that were not compatible with daily practice significantly and independently reduced the odds of physiotherapists promoting non-treatment physical activity. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to design interviews that showed that having a perceived inability to motivate an unmotivated patient and believing that patients expect hands-on therapy instead of non-treatment physical activity promotion complicated treatment choices. The behaviour change techniques Australian physiotherapists used to promote non-treatment physical activity were compared to those used to encourage adherence to rehabilitation exercises in the survey too. The survey found that physiotherapists used similar behaviour change techniques to promote non-treatment physical activity and encourage adherence to rehabilitation exercises. This thesis provides clinicians and researchers with an understanding of the factors that influence Australian physiotherapists’ decision to promote non-treatment physical activity and the behaviour change techniques they use.Doctor of Philosophy
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Ludvíčková, Dana. "Pohybová edukace u jedinců s diabetes mellitus 2.typu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434485.
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Title: Physical education of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of physical education of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus cured in diabetologic outpatient clinic of Genereal University Hospital in Prague. The physical education was focused on nordic walking. Methods: Eight patients of diabetological outpatient clinic were chosen by the doctor for this survey. The physical examination was carried out with seven patients. It involved anthropometrical measurements (weight, waist circumference) and blood collection for biochemical parameters assessment (glycemia, glycated hemoglobin). Two-minute step test was chosen for assessment of subject's physical fitness. Results: The physical activity education of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus doesn't increase the amount of their physical activity. The physical activity of type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals is rather low as well as their exercise adherence. Nordic walking exercise program can improve anthropometrical parametres (weight, waist circumference) and can reduce HbA1c levels. Lower health-related quality of life in physical and physological aspects wasn't proved in type 2 diabetes patients. Key words: nordic walking, physical activity, type 2 diabetes management,...
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Jesus, Márcio Rafael Alves. "Estágio realizado no programa PLE2NO (programa livre de educação e exercício na osteoartrose) no Centro de Saúde de Paços de Arcos." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14158.
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O estágio foi realizado no Centro de Saúde de Paço de Arcos e o presente relatório de estágio profissionalizante é referente ao Mestrado em Exercício e Saúde pela Faculdade de Motricidade Humana. A experiência decorreu no programa PLE2NO, que é um programa combinado de educação e exercício comunitário com a duração de 6 meses, destinado a pessoas com Osteoartrose do Joelho com idade superior a 50 anos. Foram realizadas avaliações através da aplicação de testes físicos e questionários, prescrição de exercício com foco na componente de equilíbrio do programa, aconselhamento para a prática de atividade física, liderança de aulas de grupo e acompanhamento de dois estudos de caso exteriores ao programa. Foram citadas conceituadas fontes como a Sociedade Internacional de Pesquisa na Osteoartrose, o Colégio Americano de Reumatologia e o Colégio Americano de Medicina Desportiva. Como resultados do programa PLE2NO, na aptidão física verificaram-se melhorias significativas na velocidade de marcha, a força e resistência muscular dos membros inferiores melhorou consideravelmente e esteve perto de uma melhoria significativa também. Em indicadores de saúde, existiram melhorias significativas na dor. A intervenção feita em pacientes com Osteoartrose do Joelho revelou ser eficaz na melhoria da função física e na diminuição da dor.The internship took place at the Paço de Arcos Health Center and this internship report is related to the Masters in Exercise and Health from the Faculty of Human Kinetics. The experiment took place in the PLE2NO program, which is a combined six month community program of education and exercise for people with osteoarthritis of the knee over 50 years of age. Evaluations were performed through the application of physical tests and questionnaires, exercise prescription focusing on the balance component of the program, physical activity practice counseling, leadership of group classes and follow-up of two case studies outside the program. Notable sources have been cited such as the Osteoarthritis Research Society International, the American College of Rheumatology and the American College of Sports Medicine. As results of the PLE2NO program, in physical fitness, there were significant improvements in walking speed, legs resistance have improved considerably and were close to a significant improvement as well. In health indicators, there were significant improvements in pain. The intervention in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis showed to be effective in improving physical function and reducing pain.
Books on the topic "Non-treatment physical activity"
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Anohin, Yuriy, Boris Narkevich, and Nikolay Shimanovskiy. Application of nuclear and radiation technologies in medicine. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1882570.
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The textbook contains information on new technologies of radiation diagnostics and therapy of oncological diseases, new and promising therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, new directions in nuclear medicine in Russia and in developed foreign countries, as well as on the coordination of efforts of international organizations to maintain and improve the health of the population of different countries.
The active activity of the Rosatom State Corporation on the introduction and development of programs for the non-energy use of nuclear and radiation technologies to improve the health of the world's population, as well as training and training programs for high-tech medicine, combating widespread epidemic diseases, improving health systems in Russia and developing countries is shown.
The basic nuclear-physical and therapeutic-diagnostic requirements for radionuclides and radiopharmaceutical drugs used in nuclear medicine are described. Information on the clinical application of new therapeutic and diagnostic tools developed in Russia for the needs of nuclear medicine is presented. In a comparative aspect, a brief description of educational programs of academic training of specialists for high-tech medicine in Russia and developed countries is given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation 03.04.02 "Physics" (profile "Medical physics", educational programs "Medical physics of nuclear medicine"
and "Medical physics of radiation diagnostics and therapy") and 30.05.02 "Medical biophysics".
It is intended for students of master's programs and postgraduates of various specialties — biomedical, physico-chemical, biological, environmental, pharmaceutical. It can be useful for university teachers, as well as for specialists in the application of nuclear and radiation technologies, developers of new methods, systems and technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in humans.
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Siebert, Stefan, Sengupta Raj, and Alexander Tsoukas. Non-pharmacological treatment of axial spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755296.003.0014.
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While drugs play a key role in reducing disease activity, non-pharmacological therapies are crucial in maintaining function, flexibility, and quality of life. Therefore, non-pharmacological therapy remains a key component in the optimal management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), even in the era of biologics. Regular physical therapy allows patients to capitalize on the benefits of drug therapy and maintain optimal functional ability. Self-management and education strategies, supported by patient-support groups, facilitate independence and quality of life in chronic diseases. A proportion of patients with severe disease may require hip or spinal surgery. It is hoped that the availability of more effective drug therapies to control disease activity in axSpA will reduce the requirement for surgery in future. The optimal management of axSpA requires a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments, for both initial and long-term management.
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Kriemler, Susi. Exercise, physical activity, and cystic fibrosis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0033.
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic autosomal recessive disease of the Caucasian race, generally leading to death in early adulthood.1 The frequency of the gene carrier (heterozygote) is 1:20–25 in Caucasian populations, 1:2000 in African-Americans, and practically non-existent in Asian populations. The disease occurs in about 1 in every 2500 life births of the white population. Mean survival has risen from 8.4 years in 1969 to 32 years in 2000 due to improvements in treatment. The genetic defect causes a pathological electrolyte transport through the cell membranes by a defective chloride channel membrane transport protein [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)]. With respect to the function, this affects mainly the exocrine glands of secretory cells, sinuses, lungs, pancreas, liver, and the reproductive tract of the human body leading to a highly viscous, water-depleted secretion. The secretion cannot leave the glands and in consequence causes local inflammation and destruction of various organs. The main symptoms include chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease with a progressive loss of lung function, exocrine and sometimes endocrine pancreas insufficiency, and an excessive salt loss through the sweat glands.1 A summary of the signs and symptoms of CF will be given with a special emphasis on the effect of exercise performance and capacity.
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Fall, Magnus. Bladder pain syndrome. Edited by Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0011.
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Bladder pain syndrome has a profound impact on the patients’ physical, professional, and personal life. Generally, recognition of this clinical syndrome is hampered by insufficient expertise in the medical community. The correct diagnosis is often delayed by several years and may be preceded by multiple medical consultations and treatment attempts. Still, this is one of the most painful, non-malignant conditions to be encountered in urology and it is probably more common than generally believed. Problems as to diagnosis, phenotyping, terminology, and management persist, but during the last few years there has been increasing activity to resolve those issues. In this chapter, symptoms, findings, and treatment options are outlined.
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Yennurajalingam, Sriram, and Eduardo Bruera. Fatigue and asthenia. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0081.
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Fatigue is the most frequent, complex, multidimensional, and debilitating symptom in patients with advanced medical conditions. In the majority of palliative care patients, the aetiology of fatigue is multifactorial and the most common factors associated with fatigue include anorexia/cachexia, anxiety, depression, shortness of breath, sleep disturbances, anaemia, and inflammation. Routine screening for fatigue is essential for optimal assessment of fatigue and history and investigations should always be individualized. Management should initially aim towards identification and treatment of the reversible/underlying causes; however, if there are no reversible causes identified or if the fatigue is not responsive to specific treatments, symptomatic treatment should be considered. For optimal management the multidimensional components of fatigue should be assessed and future research is needed on the use of non-pharmacological treatment such as physical activity, counselling, and/or pharmacological agents such as a trial of psychostimulants or short course of corticosteroids.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-treatment physical activity"
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Abimibayo Adeoya, Akindele, Adewale Olugbemiga Adeleye, and Shinichi Egawa. "Psychological Factors as Predictor of Sport Participation among Japanese and Foreign Students in Sendai, Japan." In Sport Psychology in Sports, Exercise and Physical Activity [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99244.
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Sports play a functional role in human development. Regular sport participation has beneficial effects on physical, psychological and social wellbeing. It has positive effects on prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases, physical appearance, enhance self-concept and external prestige, lower rates of suicidal ideation, reduce use of fossil fuels, and substantially increase life expectancy. The advent and excessive use of technology, academic workload coupled with the incidence of COVID-19, students become content with engaging more in sedentary activities. This chapter examined the psychological factors predicting sport participation among Japanese and foreign students in Sendai, Japan. The common choice of recreational sports are sedentary activities with a high level of performance in terms of frequency, intensity, duration and long period of participation. Psychological factors of self-confidence, value, task familiarity, perceived success significantly predicts sport participation among university students. Therefore, there is need for increased awareness on benefit of sport participation within the university. Improved reconciliation between academic and physical education programs, and development of attractive recreational sports considering the psychological process that leads to participation. To allay concerns during pandemic, self-organized, non-contact and outdoor sports should be encouraged with adequate preventive measures in place.
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Grills, Nathan. "Non-communicable and chronic diseases." In Setting up Community Health Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings, edited by Ted Lankester and Nathan Grills, 388–403. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806653.003.0022.
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This chapter on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) explains how they are now the leading cause of death worldwide, and how their prevention, control, and treatment need to be built into our community health programme. It gives information about physical activity, alcohol moderation, tobacco cessation, and healthy eating, and for each topic uses WHO guidelines as the basis for the advice. The chapter suggests how to raise awareness in the community and ways to integrate the community response with existing services and government health programmes. It details five components for an effective NCD response at the community level—screening, promoting healthy behaviours, advocacy, disease-specific treatments, and interventions. It finishes with ways to monitor and evaluate the programme.
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Schepens Niemiec, Stacey L., Elissa S. Lee, and Elizabeth A. Pyatak. "Occupational Therapy for Independent-Living Older Adults." In 50 Studies Every Occupational Therapist Should Know, edited by Elizabeth A. Pyatak and Elissa S. Lee, 37—C6.P43. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197630402.003.0006.
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Abstract Occupational therapy (OT) has the potential to mitigate against the health risks associated with older adulthood but traditionally has been applied only after catastrophic health events. The Well Elderly study included a randomized controlled trial comparing preventive OT services to non-professionally led social activity and a non-treatment control condition in 361 independent-living, multiethnic older adults (60+ years old). Physical, social, and mental health outcomes were measured at baseline, 9 months (intervention end), and 15 months. Results showed significant benefits for the OT group in overall health, functional status, and life satisfaction compared with both control conditions. The social activity control group did not differ significantly in outcomes compared with the non-treatment control. This study provides support for preventive OT service provision to promote the health and well-being of independent-living older adults, above and beyond mere participation in group-based social activities.
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Nath Srivastava, Rajeshwar, Shatakshi Pant, Sudeepti Ratan Srivastava, Amar Chandra Sharma, and Saloni Raj. "Treatment Modalities of Ankylosing Spondylitis." In Ankylosing Spondylitis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108698.
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Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy of young adults which primarily affects the axial skeleton. The pathogenesis of AS is unclear, but it is thought to be caused by an early inflammatory phase followed by ossification that may induce local osteitis. It has also been linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality and is known to have a debilitating impact on QoL of the patients. Whereby, CRP and ESR are used for assessment of the disease activity and determination of treatment efficacy, HLA-B27 is considered the best biomarker for AS diagnosis. The conventional therapeutic regimen like NSAIDs and DMARDs alone are not effective in controlling symptoms and indicators of disease; however, when combined with the physical therapy, great improvement in the QoL of the patients has been observed. The outlook for AS has improved remarkably with the advent of biologics that blocks key inflammatory cytokines such as TNF inhibitors. Biologics aids in halting disease progression, and can be used concomitantly with other medications for pain management. In this chapter, barring surgical interventions, we will discuss about the non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies routinely employed for the treatment of AS, as well as the novel therapeutics currently under study.
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Sanousi, Heba Abdulkarim, and Almoutaz Hashim. "The Positive Impact of Weight Management on Liver Cirrhosis." In Cases on Medical Nutrition Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disorders, 202–21. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3802-9.ch010.
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Weight management offers patients with liver cirrhosis significant health benefits. This case study describes the treatment of liver cirrhosis through dietary interventions. A 48-year-old male presented at Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital in Saudi Arabia, Jeddah. The patient was suffering from morbid obesity (BMI= 43.76 kg/m2), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and chronic hepatitis B viral infection. Sleeve gastrectomy surgery was not possible due to the patient having liver fibrosis (stage 4). Alternatively, he was offered a healthy lifestyle intervention involving advisement regarding dietary habits and the initiation of a regular exercise routine. FibroScan was repeated seven months after the dietary intervention, where it was observed that the liver fibrosis improved from stage 4 to stage 3 post-treatment. Additionally, the patient lost almost 29% of his original body weight. In this case, weight management through following a healthy, balanced diet and increasing physical activity for one year produced remarkable improvement in the patient's liver cirrhosis related to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Noble, James M. "Lifestyle Management and Nonpharmacologic Therapies for People with Dementia and Their Caregivers." In Navigating Life with Dementia, 163—C12.F1. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495688.003.0013.
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Abstract This chapter highlights the role of lifestyle management and nonpharmacologic therapies in the treatment and prevention of dementia. Once dementia is diagnosed, it is important to consider non-medication approaches that may help with memory loss. Diet and exercise have the potential to address some of the early brain changes in dementia, but their role in controlling or delaying dementia symptoms remains uncertain. In addition to diet and physical exercise, activities involving socialization and cognitive stimulation may help aspects of dementia and have overlapping benefits, such as the physical activity involved in leaving the home to attend a social activity. Some aspects of lifestyle management may have no proven bearing on dementias, but these practices are still important in managing the long-term health needs associated with aging, including fighting frailty; maintaining muscle strength, mobility, and balance; and reducing cardiovascular risks. The chapter then considers the importance of developing a prescriptive, proactive plan of care. It also looks at methods to support the health and well-being of caregivers.
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Shemran Mutlaq Alwataify, Ahmed, Sabih Salih Alfatlawy, and Yahia Abid Alshahid Altufaily. "Pulmonary Hypertension in Thalassemia Patients." In Blood - Updates on Hemodynamics and Thalassemia. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101052.
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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined in children as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) greater than 25 mmHg at rest or 30 mmHg during physical activity, with increased pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure and an increased pulmonary vascular resistance greater than 3 Wood units × M2. it is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the group of thalassemia, if no treatment leads to right ventricular heart failure and death. The development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is assumed to be the result of many multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms including chronic hemolysis, iron overload, hypercoagulability, and erythrocyte dysfunction as a result of splenectomy, inflammation and nitric oxide (NO) depletion. PAH symptoms are non-specific, their signs consist of right ventricular lift, an accentuated pulmonary component of the second heart sound, a (gallop rhythm) right ventricular third heart sound, and parasternal heave meaning a hypertrophied right ventricle. The diagnosis of PAH requires a clinical suspicion based on symptoms and physical examination. Echocardiography is frequently used to screen for PAH, monitor progression over time and allow identification of patients for whom diagnostic right heart catheterization (RHC) is warranted and its treatment includes hemoglobinopathy specific treatment and PAH specific therapy.
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Cristina Corrêa Figueira, Ana, Ana Pereira, Luis Leitão, Rita Ferreira, and José Alberto Duarte. "Exercise Training in the Spectrum of Breast Cancer." In Exercise Physiology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102427.
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Exercise training and regular physical activity have been mentioned as one of the non-pharmacological approaches to enhance breast cancer outcomes. Such evidence encourages health professionals to recommend it as an adjuvant in treatment conditions to improve cardiorespiratory fitness that, can increase the rate of completion of pharmacologic therapies, reduce cancer-related fatigue, and improve muscle strength and quality of life. Research results have highlighted a positive relationship between exercise and breast tumor outcomes, that seem to be dose dependent (the more activity the more protection) and can be mediated through several biological mechanisms. In this chapter, we intend to summarize the current knowledge about the effects of exercise in the regulation of metabolic and steroid hormones, tumor-related inflammation, and the attenuation of cancer-induced muscle wasting, highlighting the exercise designs that can prompt the best results.
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Vashishtha, Shreyasi. "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)." In New Developments in Diagnosing, Assessing, and Treating ADHD, 23–42. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5495-1.ch002.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric condition in children. It comprises three core characteristics, namely inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The current chapter highlighted the comorbidity of ADHD with other psychiatric conditions like autism spectrum, learning disorders, bipolar disorder, externalizing problems, and sleep difficulties along with familial and academic difficulties. It also focused on the behavioral manifestation of ADHD including mental health issues like anxiety, depression, poor self-esteem, suicide, substance use, and sensory processing deficits. The common treatment for ADHD includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Psychological treatment follows the use of behavioral principles used in operant conditioning. Parent and teacher training methods aim to empower them in regulating antecedents and consequences to bring desired changes in behavior. Other interventions discussed in the chapter are cognitive behavioral therapy and physical activity training.
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Brown, Gregory M., Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, and Daniel P. Cardinali. "Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders." In Management of Sleep Disorders in Psychiatry, edited by Amit Chopra, Piyush Das, and Karl Doghramji, 172–92. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190929671.003.0013.
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Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs) cause disturbances in sleep and wakefulness due to a misalignment between the timing of the body’s intrinsic circadian clock and environmental light and social activity cycles. This chapter reviews these disorders with an emphasis on their neural pathways, genetic mechanisms, and regulatory factors. The authors discuss the relationship of CSRDs to physical and mental health, the treatment of CRSDs with circadian rhythm adjustment techniques, and the relationship of CSRDs to psychiatric disorders, along with potential chronobiologic treatments of psychiatric disorders. The chapter specifically addresses delayed sleep phase disorder, advanced sleep phase disorder, non-24-hour sleep–wake rhythm disorder, irregular sleep–wake disorder, shift work disorder, and chronobiology and psychiatric disorders. Melatonin and bright light therapy are covered.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-treatment physical activity"
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Clayton Abreu da Silva, Nadyson, Heloisa Landin Gomes, Cristiane Brasil Francisco, Elisabete Landim Gomes Siqueira, Mariana Manhães do Amaral Peixoto, and Maurício Rocha Calomeni. "The Efficiency of an online physical exercises program in elderly lifestyle on COVID-19 pandemic." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212383.
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The moderate and periodic practice of physical exercise promotes cell protection against viral infection due the balance between cellular immune response, determined directly by T lymphocytes, and humoral cells in which specific antibodies participate, produced by mature B lymphocytes. The countries members of the United Nations Organization (UNO) approved the Aging International Action Plan (AIAP) where are proposed strategies to support the prevention of mental disorders, the treatment of aged illness, as well the strengthening of a care network and support to aged people with the participation of the family, volunteers, and community. Following the UNO tendency, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ governance started the 60+ health project developed by the superintendence of the Elderly's Rights under to the active and healthy aging for promotion of an active lifestyle to aged population. Given the above, the study goal was to verify the effectiveness of physical exercises proposed virtually on the individual lifestyle of aged people. 458 individuals of both sexes, with age above 60 years were introduced in the study. 356 aged people participated in the physical exercises program, and 102 non-participated in the virtual activities. As a data collection device was used the Individual lifestyle profile questionnaire known as wellness pentacle, a conceptual basis for the evaluation of lifestyle of individuals or groups. Videos with physical exercises proposed were uploading to the Youtube platform, and also directly sent to aged people on social isolation imposed by COVID-19, from app messages. In front of the found results, it is possible to claim that the practice of physical activity with online guidance and prescription impacted positively in the aged people's quality of life inserted on 60+ health project making evident the importance of physical activity practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Crhová, Marie, Iva Hrnčiříková, Radka Střeštíková, Klára Šoltés-Mertová, Martin Komzák, Kateřina Kapounková, and Anna Ondračková. "Effect of a 3-month Exercise Intervention on Physical Performance, Body Composition, Depression and Autonomic Nervous System in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Pilot Study." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-50.
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Purpose: Breast cancer patients are at increased risk of developing comorbidities such as lymphedema, sarcopenia, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease after breast cancer treatment. These complications contribute to a decrease in quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Regular and long-term physical activity is an effective non-pharmacological strategy that can improve physical, psychological and social outcomes. The aim of our research was to evaluate the effect of various modes of an exercise intervention on physical performance, body composition, depression and autonomic nervous system in breast cancer survivors. Methods: 16 women after surgery with hormonal treatment enter the research. Thirteen of them completed the controlled, quasi-experimental study (54 ± 9 yrs, 164cm ± 6cm, 72 ± 12kg) and were divided into 3 groups according to their place of living: trained under supervision (n=5) (SUPERV), trained at home without supervision by videos (n=7) (HOME) and with no prescribed physical activity (n=4) (CON). Exercise intervention lasted 3 months and comprised of 60 min training units 3 × week (aerobic with resistant exercise in a 2 : 1 mode combined with regular weekly yoga and breathing exercises). The exercise intensity was set individually at 65–75% of HRR based on spiroergometry and was continuously controlled by heart rate monitors. The same principles applied to the HOME group, which, in addition to heart rate monitors, recorded frequency, length, HRmax, HRavg, and Borg scale of intensity perception. VO2max, BMI, fat mass, depression level (Beck’s depression inventory) and the power of the autonomic nervous system (total power and sympatho-vagal balance) were analyzed. For data evaluation we used descriptive statistics and Cohens d effect size. Results: 3 women dropped out of research because of medical reason. In all groups VO2max values increased. The largest increase in VO2max values was in SUPERV group by 36%, in HOME group by 20% and in CON group by 2%. Body weight decreased for groups SUPERV (˗1.2 kg) and CON (-0.1kg), for HOME group there was an increase (+0.2 kg). Body mass index decreased for SUPERV group (-0.4), for HOME and CON it increased (both +0.1). Total power decreased in SUPERV (-0.6) and HOME group (-0.2), in CON has not changed. The same results were achieved by the sympatho-vagal balance, only the CON group increased. Values from Beck’s depression inventory decreased for all groups, most for CON group. Conclusion: A 3-months of supervised and controlled exercise had a significant effect on physical fitness and body composition in comparison with non-supervised home-based physical intervention. Our results indicate that it is strongly advisable to apply a supervised exercise program to induce positive physiological changes in breast cancer survivors as part of aftercare.
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Dimitrova, Vesela, and Lyubomira Sazdova. "ALTERED MOBILITY IN THE SPINE AS A PREREQUISITE FOR CHRONIC NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/159.
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ABSTRACT Chronic low back pain is a common pathology, both in everyday life and in sports also. It impairs daily comfort, quality of life, and physical activity - for amateurs, and professionals. Doctors, physiotherapists, fitness trainers, psychologists, and others see into this issue. The causes of chronic low back pain can be mechanical, biochemical, and psycho-emotional. In 95% of cases, the cause is myofascial structures (Malanga, Cruz, Colon, 2010). A meta-analysis that looks through the treatment of this type of pain indicates exercise as a mandatory tool to address this problem. Specifying the type of motor activity is a condition for managing the pain. (Shipton, 2018) The aim of the study was to establish characteristic pathobiomechanical patterns in the mobility of the spine in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methodology: A cohort study of 60 patients who complained of chronic nonspecific low back pain was performed. The indicators on which they were studied are the measurement of the mobility of the thoracic spine according to Ott, and the measurement of the mobility of the lumbar spine according to Schober. The relationship between the change in mobility in the different parts of the spine and the presence of chronic pain was studied. Conclusion: The results of the study showed statistically significant data that the change(alternate) in the mobility of each of the sections in the spinal column leads to an increase or decrease in mobility in the adjacent parts. In this study, in 2/3 of cases with chronic non-specific low back pain, there is an increase in the mobility of the lumbar region, which leads to instability and overwhelming of soft tissues in the area, and this leads to pain.
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Bond, Gary, A. Halman, H. Eccles, R. Mao, S. Pollington, P. Hinde, V. Demidyuk, and A. Gkelios. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MICROWAVE AND BARRIER DISCHARGE PLASMA FOR THE REGENERATION OF SPENT ZEOLITE CATALYSTS." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9936.
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Due to their acid characteristics and pore structure, which can induce high product selectivity; zeolite catalysts are used extensively in industry to catalyse reactions involving hydrocarbons. However, these catalysts can suffer from deactivation due to cracking reactions that result in the deposition of carbon leading to poisoning of the acid sites and blocking of the pores [1]. Depending upon the reaction and the particular catalyst involved this deactivation may take place over several months or even years but in some cases occurs in minutes. Therefore, zeolite catalysts are frequently reactivated / regenerated. This generally involves a thermal treatment involving air which results in oxidation of the carbon [2]. However, the oxidation of carbon is highly exothermic, and if not carefully controlled, results in the generation of exceedingly high localized temperatures which can destroy the zeolite structure and result in subsequent loss of catalyst activity. More conservative thermal treatments can result in incomplete regeneration and again a catalyst displaying inferior activity. This paper explores the use of non-thermal plasma which had been either generated using microwaves or via a barrier discharge to regenerate spent zeolite catalysts. The catalyst, H-mordenite, was tested for the disproportionation of toluene (Figure 1) using conventional heating. The spent catalyst was then regenerated using a plasma or conventional thermal treatment before having its activity re-evaluated for the toluene disproportionation reaction as previous. Fig. 1. Reaction Scheme for Toluene Disproportionation. Interestingly, not only is plasma regeneration highly effective but also catalysts can be regenerated in greatly reduced times. There is an additional advantage in that plasma regeneration can impart physical properties that result in a zeolite that is resistant to further deactivation. However, the results are highly dependent upon the experimental conditions involved for plasma regeneration. References Wu J, Leu L., Appl. Catal., 1983; 7:283-294. M. Guisnet and P. Magnoux, Deactivation of Zeolites by Coking. Prevention of Deactivation and Regeneration. In: Zeolite Microporous Solids: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. E.G. Derouane, F Lemos, C. Naccache, F. Ramôa Ribeiro, Eds. Pages 437-456. Springer 1992.
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Rabinovich, Iris, Isabela Chaves Monteiro Soares, Julia Mizrahi Jakobson, Eduardo Milleo Kac, and Bruno Luiz Zonta. "PREDICTIVE VARIABLES OF PATHOLOGIC COMPLETE RESPONSE (PCR) IN INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1054.
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Introduction: Achieving a pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is generally associated with better outcomes. Identifying modifiable and non-modifiable variables that correlate with a complete response is important to treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify clinical and immunohistochemical variables that correlate with pCR, in a public and a private breast cancer unit in the city of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out through medical records at Hospital de Clínicas- UFPR and Centro de Doenças da Mama- Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças. Patients who underwent surgical treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020, due to an invasive ductal carcinoma were selected. Clinical and immunohistochemical variables were correlated to the presence of pCR. Ethical committee approval n. 4,295,049. Results: In 240 cases included, 66 (27.5%) reached pCR. There was a significant correlation between pCR and the negativity of the hormonal receptors (p=0.002), HER2 positivity (p=0.002), Ki67 expression (p=0.012) and molecular subtypes (p=0.001). A ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis identified a 50% percentage as the best cut-off value to predict complete response. On the other hand, it was not observed a significant correlation between pCR and body mass index, or physical activity. Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between immunohistochemical parameters and pCR. Further studies are needed to determine the correlation between modifiable variables.
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Gabriela Ene, Alexandra, Emilia Visileanu, Stelian Sergiu Maier, Diana Popescu, and Alina Vladu. "Functionalized multilayer structures for burns treatment." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002686.
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Wound healing is a multiphase and multifactorial physiological process. The complexity of this phenomenon makes the healing process very difficult and painful due to several abnormalities. Apart from cellular and biochemical components, a number of external pathways also become active during repair and help the tissue to heal. Wound dressing is one of the main external effectors during the healing process of wounds. Wound is the disruption of the integrity of anatomical tissues caused by exposure to any factor [1-2]. The following characteristics are required for ideal modern wound dressings: bio-adhesiveness to the wound surface, ease of applications, easily sterilised inhibition of bacterial invasion, biodegradability, oxygen permeability, nontoxic, etc [3]. The balance between contraction and wound closure depends on the depth and location of the wound and the presence of complications, such as infection which could impair healing [4]. As a response to this problematic issue, as primary or secondary dressing, complex composites matrix for hemostasis and connective tissue regeneration were developed. The three-layered structure consists of outer layer I which plays the role of carrier, insulator and protector of the underlying layers, being elastic, resistant and submicro-porous (to block the physical access of microorganisms to the lesion), layer II – has the purpose of managing the liquid compositions in the lesion area, macroporous and compressible, with open pores and high tortuosity and layer III - impermeable substrate - non-adherent, biologically inert and microporous. The statistical indicators of the defining variables for each variant of textile structures (intended for layers I and III) are calculated, the histograms, the box plot graphs and the interactive spatial graphs, in the form of band type graphs are drawn. The obtaining of the substrate (II) based on hydrogel included an experimental plan with correlated factors, of the laticeal simplex type A {q, m}, with three factors (q=3) and four discretization intervals on the axes of the major simplex (m=4). The experimental matrix of the plan (dosed mass fractions) was designed, as well as the components of the mixtures. The plan was tested for optimality in D and A criteria. The measured experimental response was the apparent density of the hydrogel. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the textile structures was performed using standardized strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The biocompatibility assessment of textile supports for layers I and III was performed by MTT viability test and the LDH cell integrity test. The in vitro study for testing the biocompatibility of the functionalized multilayer matrix showed that they are biocompatible because the phenomenon of cell adhesion was present, regardless of the cell line used. In vivo testing according to ISO 10993-6 used the model of thermal burn injury on white rats (Wistar albino). The treated rats showed a rate of rapid healing and at 7 days of treatment the closure of the wound was observed between 40% - 60%, with areas of tissue regeneration. Inhibition of the invasion of exogenous microorganisms has been noted.
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Zuschnegg, Julia, Sandra Schuessler, Lucas Paletta, Silvia Russegger, Maria Fellner, Karin Ploder, Bernhard Strobl, et al. "Usability Evaluation after a 6-month Tablet-based Dementia Training Program by People with Alzheimer’s Disease, Relatives, and Dementia Trainers." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001844.
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Non-pharmacological interventions, like tablet-based cognitive trainings, already present an important alternative treatment of dementia. For tablet-based cognitive trainings to be effective, regular practice seems to be required, highlighting the need for such trainings to be applicable not only in well-prepared laboratory settings, but also for continuous use at home. In order to raise the acceptance as well as the user-friendliness of such trainings to consequently increase training intensity, usability research is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences of people with Alzheimer’s disease (PwAD), relatives, and dementia trainers regarding the usability of a tablet-based dementia training practiced in the home setting.A qualitative study was performed within the ongoing randomized controlled trial of the project multimodAAL. In total 15 individual interviews (each 5 per target group) were conducted with people with mild AD, their relatives and dementia trainers, who were already assigned to the intervention group for at least 6 months, practicing a dementia training program, including physical and cognitive exercises on a tablet-PC at home. The interviews lasted 91.9 minutes on average. A qualitative content analysis was performed to analyze the data.Participants were predominantly female (73.3 %). PwAD and relatives stated that they had no previous experience with this type of computer-based cognitive training and had experienced the training as positive and enriching. Some relatives saw the joint performance as a meaningful activity with their loved ones. Participants confirmed that the different types of physical exercises (e.g., coordination, strength), presented in a video format were well feasible for PwAD. In this regard, some PwAD reported feeling a bit unchallenged. Relatives and dementia trainers recommended for the exercise videos to be more motivating and fun (e.g., direct motivational address by the gymnast in the video like in a tv show, colorful sportswear). Regarding cognitive exercises, participants appreciated the variety (e.g., quiz, puzzle, calculating) as well as the sequence of the different exercises within a training session. Dementia trainers and relatives perceived that exercises related to topics about past/biography (e.g., previous occupation, hobbies) and to religious/seasonal traditions (e.g., Christmas) were particularly appreciated among PwAD. In view of beneficial factors to complete a training session with its physical and cognitive exercises successfully, relatives and dementia trainers underlined that PwAD needed support in terms of (technical) guidance, motivation/feedback/praise, as well as hints/tips/thought-provoking impulses. Dementia trainers and relatives suggested that this could be achieved by a supporting person (e.g., dementia trainer) or an expansion of the program by written and verbal support (e.g., hint button, voice assistant). Furthermore, participants emphasized the need of a tablet pen for comfortable handling, as well as a high sensitivity of the tablet-PC's touch screen.The results show that the already applied tablet-based dementia training is well received and accepted by participants. However, there is still potential for enhancement regarding motivational and feedback strategies as well as user-friendliness by the addition of a comprehensive application for guiding through the physical and cognitive exercises to enable more independent practice sessions.
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Willems, M., P. Luycx, R. Gilis, C. I. Renard, H. Reyniers, and J. M. Cuchet. "The HRA/SOLARIUM Project: Processing of Historical Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4732.
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Starting in 2003, Belgoprocess will proceed with the treatment and conditioning of some 200 m3 of widely varying high- and medium-level waste from earlier research and development work, to meet standard acceptance criteria for later disposal. The gross volume of primary and secondary packages amounts to 2,600 m3. The waste has been kept in decay storage for up to 30 years. The project was started in 1997. Operation of the various processing facilities will take 7–8 years. The overall volume of conditioned waste will be of the order of 800 m3. All conditioned waste will be stored in appropriate storage facilities onsite. In November 2002, a new processing facility has been constructed, the functional tests of the equipment have been performed and the start-up phase has been started. Several cells of the Pamela vitrification facility onsite will be adapted for the treatment of high-level and highly α-contaminated waste; low-level β/γ waste will be treated in the existing facility for super compaction and conditioning by embedding into cement (CILVA). The bulk of these waste, of which 95% are solids, the remainder consisting of mainly solidified liquids, have been produced between 1967 and 1988. They originate from various research programmes and reactor operation at the Belgian nuclear energy research centre SCK-CEN, isotope production, decontamination and dismantling operations. The waste is stored in 4800 primary packages, of which 700 contain 120 g (5.1012 Bq) radium. Half the radium inventory is present in 25 containers. The presence of radium in waste packages, resulting in the emission of radon gas, requires particular measurements. The total activity at the moment of production amounted to 18,811 TBq β/γ and 34.4 TBq α, with individual packages emitting up to 555 TBq β/γ and 2.2 TBq α. According to calculations, the β/γ activity has decreased to some 2,000 TBq, with individual packages up to 112 TBq. The extreme diversity of the waste is not only expressed in their radiological characteristics, but also in their chemical composition, physical state, the nature and condition of the packages. Radioactivity ranges between 0.01 mCi to 1,000 Ci per package. Some packages contain resins, Na, NaK and Al containing waste, poison rods, residues of fuel elements. Although most of the liquid waste are solidified, a small fraction — both aqueous and organic — still remains liquid. Primary packages may be plastic bags, metal boxes, wire gauze, La Cale`ne boxes; secondary packages may be steel drums and concrete containers. Solid waste may be sources, counters, nuclear fuel residues, filters, synthetic materials, metals, resins, granulates, rock, sludges, cables, glass, etc. Some 1000 primary packages are stored in a dry storage vault comprising 20 concrete cells, while 3800 primary packages are stored in some 2,000 concrete containers, on a concrete floor, surrounded by an earth bank to the height of the waste stacking and covered by a metal construction. At present, the annual production of similar waste amounts to 2 m3 divided over some 30 containers. Generally, the primary waste packages will be loaded in 80-1 drums (an average of 2 packages per drum), and compacted in a 150 ton hydraulic press. The pellets will be collected in 100 1 drums (an average of 3 pellets per drum). Low-level β/γ waste is transferred to the CILVA facility for further treatment, while the other 100-1 drums are filled up with sand and, in the case of radium-contaminated waste, tight-welded. Subsequently, the 100-1 drums are loaded into 400-1 drums and embedded into cement. Certain packages, for example solidified radium-contaminated liquids in welded metal containers, are conditioned as such in overpacks. Specific procedures will be established for the various non-standard waste, such as sources, control and poison rods, resins and filters, fuel residues. Highly active and/or heavily α-contaminated waste are transferred to the existing Pamela facility for treatment and conditioning. Ideally, gamma spectrometry measurements are carried out on the primary packages, but due to the extreme diversity of these packages, ranging from plastic bags containing cardboard to highly active steel valves, preference was given to measurements on the conditioned waste, or at least on already pre-compacted waste in the case of treatment in the 2,000 ton press of the CILVA facility. Thus tremendous problems of calibration can be largely avoided. All operations are remotely controlled. Transfers between buildings are carried out within appropriately shielded containers and secondary waste will be treated in existing facilities onsite. The new processing facility is being built partly over the dry storage vaults, in the immediate vicinity of the already covered storage area.
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Willems, M., L. Krieckemans, P. Luycx, and A. Meeus. "The HRA/Solarium Project: Processing of Widely Varying High- and Medium-Level Waste." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1209.
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Abstract Starting in 2002, Belgoprocess will proceed with the treatment and conditioning of some 200 m3 of widely varying high- and medium-level wastes from earlier research and development work, to meet standard acceptance criteria for later disposal. The gross volume of primary and secondary packages amounts to 2,600 m3. The wastes have been kept in decay storage for up to 30 years. The project was started in 1998. Operation of the various processing facilities will take 7–8 years. The overall volume of conditioned waste will be of the order of 800 m3. All conditioned waste will be stored in appropriate storage facilities onsite. At present (August, 2000), the construction of a new processing facility is in progress and the call for venders for the equipment has been sent out. Several cells of the Pamela vitrification facility onsite will be adapted for the treatment of high-level and highly α-contaminated wastes; low-level β/γ wastes will be treated in the existing facility for supercompaction and conditioning by embedding into cement (CILVA). The bulk of these wastes, of which 95% are solids, the remainder consisting of mainly solidified liquids, have been produced between 1967 and 1988. They originate from various research programmes and reactor operation at the Belgian nuclear energy research centre SCK•CEN, isotope production, decontamination and dismantling operations. The wastes are stored in 4800 primary packages, of which 700 contain 120 g (5.1012 Bq) radium. Half the radium inventory is present in 25 containers. The presence of radium in waste packages, resulting in the emission of radon gas, requires particular measurements and the welding of packages for storage, in order to allow a correct interpretation of alpha measurements onsite. The total activity at the moment of production amounted to 18,811 TBq β/γ and 34.4 TBq α, with individual packages emitting up to 555 TBq β/γ and 2.2 TBq α. According to calculations, the β/γ activity has decreased to some 2,000 TBq, with individual packages up to 112 TBq. The extreme diversity of the wastes is not only expressed in their radiological characteristics, but also in their chemical composition, physical state, the nature and condition of the packages. Radioactivity ranges between 0.01 mCi to 1,000 Ci per package. Some packages contain resins, Na, NaK and Al containing wastes, poison rods, residues of fuel elements. Although most of the liquid wastes are solidified, a small fraction — both aqueous and organic — still remains liquid. Primary packages may be plastic bags, metal boxes, wire gauze, La Calène boxes; secondary packages may be steel drums and concrete containers. Solid wastes may be sources, counters, control and poison rods, nuclear fuel residues, filters, synthetic materials, metals, resins, granulates, rock, sludges, cables, glass … Some 1000 primary packages are stored in a dry storage vault comprising 20 concrete cells, while 3800 primary packages are stored in some 2,000 concrete containers, on a concrete floor, surrounded by an earth bank to the height of the waste stacking and covered by a metal construction. At present, the annual production of similar wastes amounts to 2 m3 divided over some 30 containers. Generally, the primary waste packages will be loaded in 80 l drums (an average of 2 packages per drum), and compacted in a 150 t hydraulic press. The pellets will be collected in 100 l drums (an average of 3 pellets per drum). Low-level β/γ waste is transferred to the CILVA facility for further treatment, while the other 100 l drums are filled up with sand and, in the case of radium-contaminated wastes, tight-welded. Subsequently, the 100 l drums are loaded into 400 l drums and embedded into cement. Certain packages, for example solidified radium-contaminated liquids in welded metal containers, are conditioned as such in overpacks. Specific procedures will be established for the various non-standard wastes, such as sources, control and poison rods, resins and filters, fuel residues. The new processing facility is being built partly over the dry storage vaults, in the immediate vicinity of the already covered storage area. It comprises 1) feeder locks for the introduction of the various waste packages; 2) a dispatching cell in which the primary packages are loaded into 80 l drums; 3) the processing cell in which the 80 l drums are compacted and the pellets loaded into 100 l drums; and either sent to the CILVA facility (low-level β/γ wastes), or the Pamela facility (highly active and/or heavily α-contaminated), or further treated in 4) the transport area, in which radium and medium-level waste containing drums are conditioned into cement; 5) the measurement and characterisation cell, in which the conditioned waste is characterized by gamma spectrometry, and checked for compliance with maximum allowed surface contamination and dose rate in view of interim storage in the appropriate facilities onsite. Ideally, gamma spectrometry measurements are carried out on the primary packages, but due to the extreme diversity of these packages, ranging from plastic bags containing cardboard to highly active steel valves, preference was given to measurements on the conditioned wastes, or at least on already pre-compacted wastes in the case of treatment in the 2,000 t press of the CILVA facility. Thus tremendous problems of calibration can be largely avoided. All operations are remotely controlled. Transfers between buildings are carried out within appropriately shielded containers and secondary wastes will be treated in existing facilities onsite.
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Levine, P. H. "ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644752.
Full textAbstract:
Less than 15 years ago the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute surveyed physicians in the United States in order to characterize the demographics of hemophilia. The average age of persons with hemophilia in the United States was found to be 11.5 years old. By 10 years later, the life expectancy was predicted to be normal, and indeed the average age of persons with hemophilia in the U.S. is now in the early twenties. Early, intensive and predictably efficacious control of hemorrhage has made this result possible, and the therapeutic product which has allowed such control is commercial clotting factor concentrate.We now know that starting in 1978, and with great frquency during 1982 and 1983, the majority of U.S. hemophiliacs were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that as of January, 1987, approximately two thirds of the 20,000' persons with hemophilia in the United States have been infected with HIV. Among those with severe factor VIII deficiency, more than 9056 are seropositive. As of 1/5/87, there were 288 cases of AIDS among U.S. hemophiliacs, for an AIDS rate of approximately 2.256 of those with HIV infection. This number included 185 with severe, 32 with moderate and 28 with mild hemophilia A; 12 with severe, 6 with moderate and 1 with mild hemophilia B; 9 with vWD, and 4 others. A disproportionate number were older patients: 55 were ages 1-19; 62 ages 20-29; 85 ages 30-39, and 86 age 40 or older. Although the AIDS attack rate is no longer climbing logarhythmically, new cases are certainly still occurring.A variety of other HIV-related syndromes have emerged. Of great concern is immune thrombocytopenia, which is now relatively common; among a group of 209 carefully followed HIV-positive patients at our center, 31 (1556) are or have been thrombocytopenic. Progressive failure to normally gain height and weight in children with hemophilia has recently been shown by our group to correlate with HIV antibody positivity, and also with decreased T4/T8 ratio, decreased T4 cell count, decreased skin test reactivity, and subsequent development of ARC or AIDS in some such children. Finally, a picture of progressive fall in T4 count associated with recurrent non-specific infections and increased likelihood of positive viral culture, may predict an increased risk of developing AIDS.We know that the immune dysfunction in hemophilia is complex, and not wholly explained by HIV infection. One important factor may be the many foreign proteins contained in commercial clotting factor concentrates, and their ability to stimulate T cells. It is known that latent HIV infection in cultured T4 lymphocytes can be induced to enter the proliferative, viral secretory phase by the addition of soluble foreign antigens to the cell culture. Recent data of Brettler and colleagues, to be presented at this meeting, suggest that the use of highly purified VI!I:C (specific activity >3000 u/mg) in place of the present extremely impure products, may improve the immune dysfunction in hemophilia. This observation offers a new hypothetical approach to the prevention of progressive T4 cell depletion in HIV infected hemophiliacs, and requires immediate and extensive further study.The psychosocial burden of HIV infection is immense. The need for extensive, formal education and support programs is largely unmet in most parts of the world. Such programs are best run out of hemophilia treatment centers in most cases, and must include an active program on prevention of sexual transmission, provision of HIV testing before and during pregnancies, provision for maintenance of confidentiality, etc. Education concerning HIV is like all other forms of education. It requires formal organization, a curriculum, active rather than passive learning in which there is interaction between the teacher and the pupil, time for planned repetition, reinforcement with written materials, and assessment of goals achieved. For all of these reasons it is inappropriate to assume that the physician at the hemophilia center will be able to provide an adequate education program. Adquate paramedical personnel will need to undertake this effort, under the directjon of the physician.