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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-Unified language'

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1

O'Rourke, Bernadette, and Fernando F. Ramallo. "The native-non-native dichotomy in minority language contexts." Language Problems and Language Planning 35, no. 2 (2011): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.2.03oro.

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In minority language contexts, the aim of language policy and planning initiatives is frequently to enhance their survival prospects by increasing individuals’ knowledge and use of such languages in a variety of social contexts. The success of such policies depends on a variety of factors. These include the ability of policy to encourage maintenance of the language amongst existing speakers (the so-called ‘native’ speakers of the language) and its revival amongst individuals in the community who no longer speak it and who have become ‘native’ speakers of another language, typically, the domina
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Shores, Patty, Christiane Hohenstein, and Joerg Keller. "Deaf and non-deaf research collaboration on Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS) interpreter training in Switzerland." International Journal for Translation & Interpreting Research, 2014 6, no. 1 (2014): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-1979.

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Teaching, training, and assessment for sign language interpreters in Swiss German sign language (DSGS) developments since 1985 have resulted in the current Bachelor level at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Special Needs Education (HfH). More recently, co-teaching with Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Applied Linguistics (ZHAW) non-deaf linguists in linguistics and intercultural competence training has led to Deaf and non-deaf research collaboration. At present, there are considerable skills gaps in student proficiency in DSGS- interpreting. Standards that evaluate st
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Dronjic, Vedran. "Serbo-Croatian." Language Problems and Language Planning 35, no. 1 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.1.01dro.

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Utilizing Kloss’s concept of Ausbausprache (language as a sociopolitical construct), this article adopts the view that many languages in the world owe their language status to non-linguistic factors such as their speakers’ ethnic, cultural, and political affiliations, as well as language policy. It is thus possible that individuals who can readily understand each other in everyday conversation (such as two individuals living on either side of the Macedonian/Bulgarian border) can be deemed to speak different languages, while those who cannot understand each other at all (such as speakers of Sha
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Wan, Xue, Wensheng Zhang, Mengxing Huang, Siling Feng, and Yuanyuan Wu. "A Unified Approach to Nested and Non-Nested Slots for Spoken Language Understanding." Electronics 12, no. 7 (2023): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071748.

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As chatbots become more popular, multi-intent spoken language understanding (SLU) has received unprecedented attention. Multi-intent SLU, which primarily comprises the two subtasks of multiple intent detection (ID) and slot filling (SF), has the potential for widespread implementation. The two primary issues with the current approaches are as follows: (1) They cannot solve the problem of slot nesting; (2) The performance and inference rate of the model are not high enough. To address these issues, we suggest a multi-intent joint model based on global pointers to handle nested and non-nested sl
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O’Keeffe, Isabel, Ruth Singer, and Carolyn Coleman. "The expression of emotions in Kunbarlang and its neighbours in the multilingual context of western and central Arnhem Land." Pragmatics and Cognition 27, no. 1 (2020): 83–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.00012.kee.

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Abstract This paper explores how emotions are expressed in the endangered Gunwinyguan language Kunbarlang and compares these expressions to those in the neighbouring Gunwinyguan language Bininj Kunwok, and neighbouring languages from other language families, Mawng (Iwaidjan) and Ndjébbana (Maningridan). As well as considering body-based emotion expressions and the tropes (metaphors and metonymies) they instantiate, we consider the range of other (non-body-based) expressions and tropes available in each language. These provide an important point of comparison with the body-part expressions, whi
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Chen, Mo, Fengyang Ma, Zhaoqi Zhang, et al. "Language switching training modulates the neural network of non-linguistic cognitive control." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0247100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247100.

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Bilingual language experience, such as switching between languages, has been shown to shape both cognitive and neural mechanisms of non-linguistic cognitive control. However, the neural adaptations induced by language switching remain unclear. Using fMRI, the current study examined the impact of short-term language switching training on the neural network of domain-general cognitive control for unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals. Effective connectivity maps were constructed by using the extended unified structural equation models (euSEM) within 10 common brain regions involved in both langu
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Amundadottir, ML, SW Lockley, and M. Andersen. "Unified framework to evaluate non-visual spectral effectiveness of light for human health." Lighting Research & Technology 49, no. 6 (2016): 673–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516655844.

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The discovery of a novel non-rod, non-cone photoreceptor in the mammalian eye that mediates a range of ‘non-visual’ responses to light has required reexamination of how lighting needs for human health are characterised and evaluated. Existing literature provides useful information about how to quantify non-visual spectral sensitivities to light but the optimal approach is far from decided. As more is learned about the underlying biology, new approaches will continue to be published. What is currently lacking is a flexible framework to describe the non-visual spectral effectiveness of light usi
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Gimasheva, Kseniya, Ekaterina Gladkikh, and S. I. Chuprina. "An Ontology-Driven Methods Unified Application in Text Data Processing Problems." Вестник Пермского университета. Математика. Механика. Информатика, no. 3(58) (2022): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1993-0550-2022-3-49-58.

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Unified application issues of ontological engineering methods and tools for text data processing automation in 2 problems classes solving are considered. The first class is the relational database applications construction automation based on the necessary facts extracting directly from unstructured text documents collections in natural language. The second class is the text data processing automation in artificial languages in the program code verifying process for database applications. The information systems designing and developing problems, same as program code verifying problems, are co
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Rezaie, Naghmeh, and Mohammad Ali Taheri. "The Word’s Unity of Existence." Scientific Journal of Cosmointel 2, TA1 (2023): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.61450/joci.v2ita1.153.

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Linguists do not agree on the origin of human language or the reasons for the human species’ unique possession of language faculty on the path of evolution. Any theoretical approach in cognitive science and linguistics eventually faces an impasse in its quest for the origin of language when reaching the realm of consciousness and mind which requires an accessibility beyond the physical inquiry. This article introduces Mohammad Ali Taheri’s theory of consciousness, T-Consciousness, as the gateway to the origin of language in the human mind. T-Consciousness stands for the non-material and non-en
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Przigoda, Nils, Robert Wille, and Rolf Drechsler. "Analyzing Inconsistencies in UML/OCL Models." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 03 (2015): 1640021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616400211.

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Modeling languages such as the unified modeling language (UML) or the systems modeling language (SysML) in combination with constraint languages such as the object constraint language (OCL) allows for an abstract description of a system prior to its implementation. But the resulting system models can be highly non-trivial and, hence, errors in the descriptions can easily arise. In particular, too strong restrictions leading to an inconsistent model are common. Motivated by this, researchers and engineers developed methods for the validation and verification of given formal models. However, whi
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Reynaldy, Rio, Sharyanto Sharyanto, and Bernadus Gunawan Sudarsono. "Design And Creation Of A Web-Based Non-Medical Logistics Information System At The Jakarta Heart Hospital." Journal of Engineering, Technology and Computing (JETCom) 3, no. 1 (2024): 150–59. https://doi.org/10.63893/jetcom.v3i1.222.

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Jakarta Heart Center (JHC) is an agency engaged in health services, especially in dealing with heart disease. At JHC currently still does not have a non-medical logistics information system, the system used at this time is still done manually, namely to make non-medical logistics planning where officers must check directly to the warehouse where goods are stored so that it can slow down the non-medical logistics planning process itself, because it takes a long time. To deal with these problems, a web-based non-medical logistics information system was designed and built using Unified Modeling L
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Ольга, Палеха. "УМОВИ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ САМОСТІЙНОЇ ПОЗААУДИТОРНОЇ РОБОТИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ВЕЛИКОЇ БРИТАНІЇ". Українська професійна освіта, № 3 (7 грудня 2018): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2025832.

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<em>In the article, based on a detailed study of the technology of organizing independent extraauditing work of future teachers of foreign languages in higher education institutions of Great Britain, the pedagogical conditions for its effective implementation are determined. Under the external conditions, the development of a unified strategy for organizing independent extra-curriculum work of future foreign language teachers at the level of institution of higher education, faculty, department, language center and creation of an optimal learning environment is considered. The internal conditio
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Miličević, Maja, and Nikola Ljubešić. "Tviterasi, tviteraši or twitteraši? Producing and analysing a normalised dataset of Croatian and Serbian tweets." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 4, no. 2 (2016): 156–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2016.2.156-188.

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In this paper we discuss the parallel manual normalisation of samples extracted from Croatian and Serbian Twitter corpora. We describe the datasets, outline the unified guidelines provided to annotators, and present a series of analyses of standard-to-non-standard transformations found in the Twitter data. The results show that closed part-of-speech classes are transformed more frequently than the open classes, that the most frequently transformed lemmas are auxiliary and modal verbs, interjections, particles and pronouns, that character deletions are more frequent than insertions and replacem
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Sepideh, Akbarpouran. "Educational Policies in Iran and Their Intellectual Roots; The First Pahlavi Era (1925-1941)." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 07, no. 11 (2024): 8340–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14162517.

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This article examines the roots and educational policies of Iran during the first Pahlavi era (1925-1941). During this period, Reza Shah initiated serious efforts to modernize and centralize public education, aiming to create a strong, unified central government through educational and cultural policies that emphasized the Persian language and limited linguistic diversity. Schools were mandated to use standardized textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education, and non-Persian languages were restricted. Similarly, ethnic and religious minority schools faced pressure to adopt Persian as the la
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Bleikher, Oksana, and Svetlana Kvesko. "Using of Information Systems for Socio-Economic Management Applications in Mechanical Engineering Enterprises." Applied Mechanics and Materials 770 (June 2015): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.770.651.

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The paper summarizes an experience of information system implementation in mechanical engineering industry of Russia Federation. Methodological spaces of information supply in mechanical engineering enterprise have been approved. Effectiveness of creation and usage of non-unified information systems for information gathering about local socio-economic issues has been estimated. Conjointly with the friendly user interface individually tuned for each stakeholder, and realized on the base widely used webserver Apache 2.2, using programming language PHP, as well as using database engine mysql 5.5
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Basso-Blandin, Adrien, and FRANCK DELAPLACE. "GUBS, a Behaviour-Based Language for Design in Synthetic Biology." Scientific Annals of Computer Science XXIII, no. 1 (2013): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.7561/SACS.2013.1.1.

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In this article, we propose a domain specific language, GUBS (Genomic Unified Behaviour Specification), dedicated to the behavioural specification of synthetic biological devices, viewed as discrete open dynamical systems. GUBS is a rule-based declarative language. In contrast to a closed system, a program is always a partial description of the behaviour of the system. The semantics of the language accounts the existence of some hidden non-specified actions that possibly alter the behaviour of the programmed devices. The compilation framework follows a scheme similar to automated theorem provi
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Luyster, Rhiannon J., Emily Zane, and Lisa Wisman Weil. "Conventions for unconventional language: Revisiting a framework for spoken language features in autism." Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 7 (January 2022): 239694152211054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415221105472.

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Background and aims Autism has long been characterized by a range of spoken language features, including, for instance: the tendency to repeat words and phrases, the use of invented words, and “pedantic” language. These observations have been the source of considerable disagreement in both the theoretical and applied realms. Despite persistent professional interest in these language features, there has been little consensus around terminology, definitions and developmental/clinical interpretation. Main contribution This review paper updates and expands an existing framework for unconventional
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Lau, Seng-hian. "Negator turned intersubjective speech-act adverbial." Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 47, no. 1 (2021): 113–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00025.lau.

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Abstract This study investigates the non-negating negator m̄ in Taiwanese. With respect to its function, this study argues that it is neither an intensifier nor a rhetorical marker. Furthermore, contrary to prevalent intuition, the combination m̄-tō is not parallel to the ostensible cognate bújiù in Mandarin Chinese. Instead, the non-negating m̄ is an intersubjective speech-act adverbial affix attaching to the head of FocP (realized as tō or tsiah) that takes scope over whatever follows. Typologically, this study uncovers another use of non-negating negation in natural languages, and consequen
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Déprez, Viviane, and Marie-Thérèse Vinet. "Predicative Constructions and Functional Categories in Haitian Creole." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 12, no. 2 (1997): 203–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.12.2.03dep.

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This paper seeks to provide a unified analysis of the particle se in Haitian Creole, traditionally identified as an equality marker, a resumptive pronoun, or a focus marker. This study also serves to illustrate the role and the structural organization of functional projections in this non-inflected language. Under the proposed analysis, se (as well as ye, which has long been recognized as bearing a relation to se) is not a verbal copula; rather, it is a predicate forming aspectual head. A unified analysis based on general principles of UG is offered for se, appearing in predicative sentences,
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Paul, Ileana, Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony, and Henriëtte de Swart. "Culminating and non-culminating accomplishments in Malagasy." Linguistics 58, no. 5 (2020): 1285–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0184.

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AbstractMalagasy is a language with non-culminating accomplishments. There is, however, a specific prefix (maha-), which appears to entail culmination. Moreover, verbs prefixed with maha- display a range of interpretations: causative, abilitive, ‘manage to’, and unintentionality. This paper accounts for these two aspects of this prefix with a unified semantic analysis. In particular, maha- encodes double prevention. The double prevention configuration is associated with a circumstantial modal base, which leads to culminating readings in the past and future, but not the present tense. The embed
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López-Medel, María. "The Directorate-General for Translation’s gender-neutral English guidelines (1998-2022)." Topics in Linguistics 24, no. 1 (2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2023-0001.

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Abstract Ten years before the European Parliament adopted the Gender-neutral language in the European Parliament multilingual guidelines (2008), the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation had already included a section on this subject in the third edition of its English Style Guide (1998). The original text was later reproduced in other European Union’s style guides, namely the Interinstitutional Style Guide, the European Commission Style Guide and the ephemeral European Commission Guidelines for Inclusive Communication, withdrawn shortly after publication due to political a
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Theisen, Lambert, and Manuel Torrilhon. "fenicsR13." ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 47, no. 2 (2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442378.

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We present a mixed finite element solver for the linearized regularized 13-moment equations of non-equilibrium gas dynamics. The Python implementation builds upon the software tools provided by the FEniCS computing platform. We describe a new tensorial approach utilizing the extension capabilities of FEniCS’ Unified Form Language to define required differential operators for tensors above second degree. The presented solver serves as an example for implementing tensorial variational formulations in FEniCS, for which the documentation and literature seem to be very sparse. Using the software ab
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Zakiryanov, K. Z. "The final stage of preparation for the Russian language Unified State Exam in a non-Russian school." Доклады Башкирского университета, no. 2 (2024): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/dokbsu-2024.2.9.

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Abdulina, A. T. "LANGUAGES AND CULTURES OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS OF KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE KAZAKH MODEL OF INTERETHNIC CONSENT." edu.e-history.kz 30, no. 2 (2022): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/2710-3994-2022-30-2-4-17.

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In sovereign Kazakhstan, a purposeful state policy is being carried out to form a unified Kazakh people on the basis of a single Kazakh identity while preserving linguistic and cultural pluralism. Ethnopolitics strengthens interfaith and interethnic harmony as the basis of national security. The state policy of the development of the Kazakh language, migration and demographic processes have led to the approval of a general trend in the field of the education system for a gradual increase in the number of students and schools with the Kazakh language of instruction. Representatives of large eth
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Abdulina, A. T. "LANGUAGES AND CULTURES OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS OF KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE KAZAKH MODEL OF INTERETHNIC CONSENT." edu.e-history.kz 30, no. 2 (2022): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/2710-3994_2022_30_2_4-17.

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In sovereign Kazakhstan, a purposeful state policy is being carried out to form a unified Kazakh people on the basis of a single Kazakh identity while preserving linguistic and cultural pluralism. Ethnopolitics strengthens interfaith and interethnic harmony as the basis of national security.The state policy of the development of the Kazakh language, migration and demographic processes have led to the approval of a general trend in the field of the education system for a gradual increase in the number of students and schools with the Kazakh language of instruction. Representatives of large ethn
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Abramova, Irina Evgenyevna, Elena Petrovna Shishmolina, and Anastasia Valeryevna Ananyina. "Advantages of authentic assessment over traditional assessment while teaching English to university students majoring in non-linguistic subjects." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 4 (2018): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201874301.

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The paper analyzes existing approaches to assessing the results of teaching foreign languages to the university students majoring in non-linguistic subjects with a special focus on the advantages of authentic assessment. The authors stress the state-level need to develop and implement effective assessment tools for ESL university teaching, and substantiate the effectiveness of authentic assessment for increasing students motivation to learn English. They identify advantages of authentic assessment, including a possibility to track individual students learning progress, to effectively use peer
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Kozanecka, Paulina. "Określenia podmiotów czynności prawnych w chińskim języku prawnym." Studia Iuridica, no. 83 (February 19, 2021): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-83.4.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the terms of the subjects of acts in law in Chinese legal language. Morphologically, Chinese is an isolating language. It also uses a non‑alphabetic writing system. Creating the terms of the subjects of acts in law is governed by fairly strict language rules; however, there are numerous exceptions that may be misleading for the translator. These terms are commonly used, among others, in the civil law contracts and therefore are an important element of the legal language, also used by non-specialists (e.g. parties to the contract). The analysis of particular
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Aulia, Sis Churin Ien. "PEMANFAATAN UML (UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE) DALAM PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI REKAM MEDIS SEDERHANA PADA KEGIATAN POSBINDU PTM." Jurnal Ilmiah Sains dan Teknologi 6, no. 1 (2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/saintek.v6i1.1665.

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The Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Development Post (Posbindu NCD) is a form of health empowerment and public knowledge about non-communicable diseases that have a greater risk. In this Posbindu NCD, of course there are activities and steps that have been determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the concept of Posbindu NCD itself and the use of UML (Unified Modelling Language) to develop a simple medical record information system. The use of UML is done because in the characteristics of UML there is the possibility of identification of any objects that affect the system. Th
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BECKER, MOLLY. "Talking American in the Midwest: Linguistic Diversity and Authenticity in the Twentieth-Century United States." Journal of American Studies 56, no. 1 (2021): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875821000815.

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During the early twentieth century – when the United States was receiving an influx of non-English-speaking immigrants, and “standardization” was a dominant, yet polarizing, concept – having a single national language that unified Americans became a controversial topic in public discourse. In The Odyssey of a Nice Girl, Ruth Suckow, like many authors at the time, used immigrant language as a foil for midwestern speech to demonstrate its “standard” Americanness. But, as this essay will show, by using other regional American dialects in a similar manner, she questioned how “Americanness” was bei
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Ondondo, Emily Ayieta. "Language and the Church in Kenya: Unity, Diversity or Unity in Diversity?" International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. IX (2024): 3649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8090304.

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Religion is an important aspect of the life of man and the society. This is because it is an important tool for relations within the society. Religion brings unity among people and the society at large. The unity of the church is of utmost importance for Christian religion and is, therefore, non-negotiable given that it determines the church. However, cultural and language differences exist even within churches of the same belief. So, in the church, should diversity violate unity and vice versa? The function of language in the church in the light of unity and diversity is therefore important.
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HERLINA, HERLINA, and MUHAMMAD ASSIDIQ. "PENERAPAN UNIFIED MODELLING LANGUAGE (UML) PADA ANALISIS SISTEM SERTA PERANCANGAN DATABASE TIMBULAN SAMPAH." Jurnal INSTEK (Informatika Sains dan Teknologi) 6, no. 2 (2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/instek.v6i2.23994.

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Masyarakat Sulawesi Barat memiliki kebiasaan untuk membakar sampah, baik sampah organik maupun sampah non-organik. Padahal kebiasaan membakar sampah dapat meningkatkan pemanasan global. Kebiasaan ini tidak dapat diubah seketika dengan edukasi saja. Sebenarnya pemerintah sudah melaksanakan beberapa program penanggulangan sampah, tetapi belum tepat sasaran. Hal ini disebabkan karena validnya data timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan rumah tangga setiap hari. Solusinya adalah dengan terciptanya sebuah aplikasi pendataan timbulan sampah rumah tangga berbasis database sehingga memudahkan stakeholder dal
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Jacobs, C. T., and M. D. Piggott. "Firedrake-Fluids v0.1: numerical modelling of shallow water flows using an automated solution framework." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 3 (2015): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-533-2015.

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Abstract. This model description paper introduces a new finite element model for the simulation of non-linear shallow water flows, called Firedrake-Fluids. Unlike traditional models that are written by hand in static, low-level programming languages such as Fortran or C, Firedrake-Fluids uses the Firedrake framework to automatically generate the model's code from a high-level abstract language called Unified Form Language (UFL). By coupling to the PyOP2 parallel unstructured mesh framework, Firedrake can then target the code towards a desired hardware architecture to enable the efficient paral
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Jaffe, Alexandra. "Misrecognition unmasked? ‘Polynomic’ language, expert statuses and orthographic practices in Corsican schools." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 13, no. 4 (2003): 515–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.13.4.04jaf.

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Over the last twenty years, “expert” discourses about the sociolinguistic character of Corsica have shifted from a focus on “diglossia” to an assertion that Corsican is a “polynomic” language. In the context of language shift and efforts at minority language revitalization, these two discourses make different claims about the relationship of language and identity, posit different kinds of power relationships between Corsicans and their two languages, and have different implications for Corsican language policy and advocacy. One of the unintended consequences of a revitalization program built o
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Feldman-Adams, Deborah, Megan Bird, Janice Dwosh, and ElizaBeth Warner. "Implementing Innovation in Different Service Delivery Models." Gifted Child Today 42, no. 2 (2019): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076217518825367.

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This article reviews recent efforts to implement the William &amp; Mary English Language Arts (ELA) curriculum within the Paradise Valley Unified School District gifted programs. The programs include self-contained gifted, as well as content replacement programs in Title 1 and Non-Title 1 schools. Each delivery model modified the constructs of the curriculum to meet the unique needs of the students serviced. All results indicated successful academic progress and student growth.
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Culy, Christopher, and Sarah M. B. Fagan. "The history of the middle in Dogon." Studies in African Linguistics 30, no. 2 (2001): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i2.107357.

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Donno So, a Dogon language of Mali, has a class of verbs (C3) that exhibits an interesting set of formal and semantic properties. The verbs in this class have different derivational histories; they also have various typs of meaning (middle; middle-related; non-middle). Although C3 verbs cannot be unified derivationally or semantically, they can all be defined both paradigmatically and in terms of phonotactic constraints, like the other two verb classes in Donno So. Comparison with other Dogon languages shows how the middle evolved in Dogon and how Donno So C3 verbs in turn evolved from the mid
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Ceytlin, Stella N., and Tatiana A. Kruglyakova. "Case system in learning Russian as a first and second foreign language." Russian Language Studies 22, no. 1 (2024): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2024-22-1-135-149.

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The task of creating innovative technologies for teaching Russian as a native, as a non-native and as a foreign language, taking into account the age of students, their cognitive abilities and features of the first language, is relevant. The solution of this problem requires a fundamental psycholinguistic study of the processes accompanying the formation of the language mechanisms of children and adults. The aim of this research is to specify the ideas about mastering the category of Russian case in various conditions of language acquisition. The method of comparative analysis of the processes
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Jyothi, Mrs N. Krishna. "Image Processing Model for Sign Language Recognition System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 2235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61671.

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Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach towards developing a unified Sign Language Recognition System catering to both American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL) communities. Leveraging image processing techniques, our system aims to accurately interpret and translate sign gestures into textual or auditory outputs. By employing advanced algorithms and machine learning models, the system can effectively recognize complex sign patterns, allowing for seamless communication between signers and non-signers. We discuss the architecture and key components of our system, inclu
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Taylor, John R. "Possessives and topicality." Functions of Language 1, no. 1 (1994): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.1.1.05tay.

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This paper deals with certain aspects of prenominal possessives (i.e. expressions of the kind John's wife, the city's destruction) in English. Consideration of the discourse function of the construction leads to the prediction that the possessor nominal will be high in topicality, whilst the possessee nominal will generally denote a highly non-topical entity. A number of text-based studies of the possessive confirm these predictions. It is then argued that the distribution of topicality within the construction offers a unified explanation of a range of grammaticality judgements.
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Caponigro, Ivano, and Anamaria Falaus. "Investigating clausal wh-constructions in Romanian." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 9, no. 4 (2023): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.325.

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Romanian has an articulated system of (non-)interrogative wh-clauses that look morphosyntactically similar or even identical to each other on the surface, while exhibiting striking differences in distribution and interpretation. Using a minimal set of criteria, tests and distinctions, this article presents the first systematic comparative overview of all clausal wh-constructions attested in Romanian. We show that none of these constructions can be reduced to any of the others and flesh out some of the challenges arising for a unified analysis of wh-constructions and wh-expressions.
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Groothuis, Kim A. "Non-finite Verb Movement in Romance." Probus 34, no. 2 (2022): 273–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2021-0010.

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Abstract Since Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. Verb movement, universal grammar, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20. 365–424, it is well known that Romance finite verbs move into the I-domain. However, the relationship between finiteness and verb movement has not yet been investigated in detail. The aim of the present study is to trace and analyse verb movement in various types of non-finite and semi-finite clauses in Romance, including infinitives with specified subjects, inflected infinitives, bare infinitival clauses, Aux-to-Comp (cf. Rizzi, Luigi. 1982. Issues in Italian syntax. Dord
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Egry, Gábor. "Unholy Alliances? Language Exams, Loyalty, and Identification in Interwar Romania." Slavic Review 76, no. 4 (2017): 959–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.272.

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This article analyzes national loyalty and identification by examining the language exams administered to minority public officials in Romania in 1934 and 1935. The exams aimed at testing officials’ knowledge of the state language, but given the broader political context they were more than a survey of linguistic skills. Examinees were singled out as non-Romanian and subjected to an additional requirement not demanded from their ethnic Romanian colleagues, interpreting the use of the official language as a sign of loyalty. Drawing upon theories of loyalty as a historical concept, the paper ana
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Ivasiuk, N. A. "To the prospects of adapting seafarers of different nationalities as non-native speakers to the unified process of learning Maritime English through Unified English Language Communication Platform." Science and Education a New Dimension VII(204), no. 60 (2019): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-ph2019-204vii60-07.

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TOLSKAYA, INNA K. "Verbal prefixes in Russian: Conceptual structure versus syntax." Journal of Linguistics 51, no. 1 (2014): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226714000206.

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At first glance, the variety of possible denotations of a given prefix in Russian might appear a chaotic set of idiomatic meanings, e.g. the prefix za- may refer to the beginning of an action, movement to a position behind an object, a brief deviation from a path, or completion of an action. I propose a unified analysis of Russian prefixes, where the differences in meaning are claimed to arise from different syntactic positions, while the lexical entry of a prefix remains the same. The main focus is on the verbs of motion due to the consistent duality displayed by the prefix meanings when adde
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Deshors, Sandra C. "A case for a unified treatment of EFL and ESL." English World-Wide 35, no. 3 (2014): 277–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.35.3.02des.

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This multifactorial corpus-based study focuses on dative alternation constructions (Mark gave his daughter a gift versus Mark gave a gift to his daughter) and contrasts 1,313 give occurrences in ditransitive and prepositional dative constructions across native, learner (EFL) and world (ESL) Englishes. Using cluster analysis and regression modeling, I analyze how grammatical contexts constrain syntactic choices in EFL and ESL and how speakers with different instructional backgrounds develop different variation patterns in their own English variety. The regression model reveals that the English
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STEHNITSKA, Liubov, and Zhanna NYKIFORCHUK. "READING STRATEGIES FOR TAKING UNIFIED STATE QUALIFICATION EXAM KROK 1." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 852 (May 28, 2025): 133–40. https://doi.org/10.31861/gph2025.852.133-140.

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The article highlights reading competency for taking qualification exam Krok 1. The research aimed to analyze the key types and strategies of reading that students of higher medical education may apply when processing professionally oriented English texts in preparing for the Unified State Qualification Exam. The paper provides practical advice and recommendations on effectively using foreign-language communicative skills to perform typical exam tasks necessary to understand medical texts. The object of the study is reading comprehension skills regarding Krok 1. The next methods were used in o
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Morras, Javier. "Semantic Parameters, Cognitive Models, and Mental Units." Cognitive Semantics 8, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-bja10021.

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Abstract The paper explores the relationship between the linguistic and the conceptual system. The author argues for two main types of information that are vital for linguistically mediated communication. These are cognitive models and frames, and semantic parameters. Cognitive models and frames are rich coherent non-linguistic bodies of knowledge that are generally associated with open-class items. On the other hand, semantic parameters are bundles of schematic information that constitute part of the semantic pole of a symbolic unit and might be divided into conceptual and linguistic. The pap
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Bai, Xinran. "Relationship Between Chinese Non-English Majors Students Identification of Negative Transfer of L1 in C-E Translation and Their CET-4 or CET-6 Scores." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 25, no. 1 (2023): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/25/20230437.

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College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) and College English Test Band 6 (CET-6) are administered nationwide, which is of great significance to non-English major students in China. English is the second language of Chinese college students, so it will inevitably have some negative transfer of L1 (first language, the same as mother tongue) in their second language output, but the relationship between negative transfer of L1 and their CET-4 and CET-6 scores is still lack of a unified explanation. Therefore, this study takes 91 Non-English Majors students identification of negative transfer of their m
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Birtić, Matea, and Ivana Brač. "Basic Characteristics and Aspectual Properties of Croatian ObjExp Verbs." Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje 47, no. 2 (2022): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.47.2.1.

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This paper discusses the basic characteristics of ObjExp verbs in Croatian (thematic roles, argument structure, anticausative variant, aspect of the verb), with special attention paid to the aspectual properties of such verbs. According to various authors (Arad 1998, Pylkkänen 2000, Biały 2005, Grafmiller 2013), ObjExp verbs are not a unified aspectual class since they can be interpreted as both stative and non-stative verbs. Five diagnostics that differentiate between stative and non-stative interpretation are applied to a sample of 40 verbs: (1) passive formation; (2) use in the punctual pas
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Lavrova, N. A. "Typological passport of Basque as a minority language." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 9, no. 4 (2023): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-26-41.

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The aim of the research is to make an inventory of the most salient typological traits of Basque as one of the extant minority languages, whose origin and typological status have been debated ever since the 16th century. Despite the well-meaning attempts to compile a unified standard of Basque, the majority of its speakers communicate using one of its numerous dialects. Apart from that, most of the contemporary coursebooks of Basque convey contradictory messages about its main grammatical features. This lack of uniformity acts as an impediment on the way to learning Basque or forming a well-de
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Lazer-Pankiv, Olesia, and Iuliia Pysmenna. "Peculiarities of Phonetic and Orthographic Adaptation of Latin Terms in English Clinical Terminology: On the Issue of Latin Terminological Competence Formation of Foreign Medical Students." Sustainable Multilingualism 19, no. 1 (2021): 173–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0018.

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Summary The article deals with the phonetic and orthographic adaptation of Latin terms in English clinical terminology in the context of Latin terminological competence formation of foreign medical students with English as the language of instruction. About 8,000 of the most common clinical terms selected from various lexicographic English sources have been studied on the basis of etymological and comparative approaches to demonstrate the grade of inconsistency in the reflection of Latin terms in modern English medical terminology. The quantitative analysis allowed us to determine and classify
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