Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-waste management

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-waste management'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-waste management"

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Dankevych, Nina. "Non-waste hydrobionts management." Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.442238.

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Pereira, Milca Severino, Sergiane Bisinoto Alves, Adenicia Custódia Silva e. Souza, Anaclara Ferreira Veiga Tipple, Fabiana Ribeiro de Rezende, and Érika Goulart Rodrigues. "Waste management in non-hospital emergency units." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 21, spe (February 2013): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692013000700032.

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OBJECTIVE: to analyze waste management in urgency and emergency non-hospital health care service units. METHOD: Epidemiological cross-sectional study undertaken at three Non-Hospital Emergency Units. The data were collected using systematic observation, registered daily in a spreadsheet and checklist, and analyzed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: the generation of waste varied from 0.087 to 0.138 kg per patient per day. Waste management showed inadequacies in all stages, especially in the separation stage. Infectious waste was found together with common waste, preventing recycling, and piercing and cutting objects were mixed with waste from different groups, increasing the risk of occupational accidents. CONCLUSION: the study reveals the lack of an institutional waste management policy, as demonstrated by the failure of operational stages, involving problems related to management, physical structure, material and human resources at the units. This is relevant for health care units, considering the quality of patient care and its interface with sustainability.
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AMIN, RAHEELAH, RUBINA GUL, and AMINA MEHRAB. "HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 06 (December 15, 2013): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.06.1684.

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Introduction: Hospital waste is a special type of waste which carries high potential of infection and injury. Objectives: Thisstudy was conducted to examine Medical Waste Management Practices in different hospitals of Peshawar. Methodology: Simpleobservational, cross-sectional study. was conducted with a case study approach. Aug-Sep 2011, with selection of 15 hospitals. The datawas collected through a pre-designed questionnaire with a checklist. Results: The study showed that 80% of the hospital personnel knewhospital waste and its management. There was waste management plan present in 30% of hospitals. Although hospitals did not quantifiedwaste amounts but on average the amount of waste generated daily was 0.5-1 kg/bed/day. Segregation into risk and non risk waste wasdone in 93.3% of hospitals. For non risk waste, disposal through Municipal Corporation was conducted in 86.67% of the hospitals, whilein 13.3%, it was burnt. For risk waste, either it was buried or burnt. Proper incineration was carried out in only 33.3% of the hospitals.Discussion: Hospital waste generation, segregation, collection, transportation & disposal practices were not in accordance with standardguidelines. The average waste generation in most of the hospitals was almost equivalent to other under developed countries but less thanthat of developed countries. Conclusions: The hospital waste in the majority of hospitals of Peshawar was mismanaged. No properhospital waste management plan existed except at few hospitals.
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ALLEN, DAVID T., and NASRIN BEHMANESH. "Non-Hazardous Waste Generation." Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 9, no. 1 (January 1992): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hwm.1992.9.91.

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Laštůvka, Igor, Tomáš Vítěz, Jan Chovanec, and Jan Mareček. "Zero Waste; Energy Recovery From Non-recyclable Mixed Municipal Waste." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 1 (2016): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664010099.

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Zero Waste is a strategy offering waste management solutions for today’s businesses. The Zero Waste strategy has been created with the objective of stimulating sustainable utilisation of resources, production and consumption with the highest possible level of recycling of generated waste. Due to the fact that currently there is very little information and only few relevant data available as a base for the implementation of the Zero Waste strategy, waste management specialists approach and apply such a strategy in different manners. On the other hand, there are areas of waste management where such a strategy has already been applied on a long-term basis in spite of non-existing relevant legislative tools. Indicators determined in the Zero Waste strategy may be achieved only if the individual countries clearly define legislative environment and adopt a national Zero Waste strategy with achievable objectives unambiguously determined. The area of waste separation, or handling of fractions of waste non-utilisable as secondary materials after separation, is one of the areas directly connected to the Zero Waste strategy. The objective of this paper is the evaluation of the usage of fractions of waste non-utilisable as secondary materials for energy recovery, providing thus valuable knowledge and information for the implementation of the Zero Waste strategy.
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Krall, Lindsay, and Allison Macfarlane. "Burning waste or playing with fire? Waste management considerations for non-traditional reactors." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 74, no. 5 (August 31, 2018): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2018.1507791.

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Agrawal, A., K. K. Sahu, and B. D. Pandey. "Solid waste management in non-ferrous industries in India." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 42, no. 2 (September 2004): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2003.10.004.

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Marzo, Giuseppe A., Luigi Lepore, Riccardo Levizzari, Luigi Di Pace, and Nadia Cherubini. "Non-destructive radiological characterization applied to fusion waste management." Fusion Engineering and Design 173 (December 2021): 112805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112805.

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Maton, D. J., P. A. Kigun, and M. Ogalla. "Integrated solid waste management: a palliative to existing waste management challenges in Jabi-District, Abuja." Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 9, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v9i6.9.

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Effective solid waste management is the collective responsibility of a nation’s citizens and its government. For a sustainable built-environment, urban infrastructure will need to better meet the prevailing challenges of city environments with respect to: energy and water scarcity; pollution and emissions; traffic congestion; crime; waste disposal; and safety risks from ageing infrastructure. As a concept, Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is a sustainable practice underpinned by an increased capacity for material recovery from solid waste. However, an effective ISWM depends largely on the perspective of consumers on waste generation, collection and disposal. This survey is a qualitative appraisal of solid waste management practice in Jabi district of Abuja, Nigeria’s capital city, against the backdrop of solid waste best practices. The survey tools used were literature reviews, structured questionnaires, oral interviews/ focus group discussion and observation of the case study area over a one-year period. Questionnaire responses indicated that a waste collection routine by service providers exists and that the frequency of evacuation depended on the quantity of household waste generated. Survey results also indicated the following challenges to effective solid waste management in the case study area; non-sorting and bagging of waste at collection stage; poor/ inadequate infrastructure and machinery; a relaxed enforcement of the provisions of the ratified environmental regulations, etc. Possible solutions and recommendations toward a more sustainable built environment for Jabi are also proffered in accordance with global best practices.Keywords: Solid waste management, Urbanization, ISWM, Non-sorting, Best practices
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Devichi Wibowo, Isabella, P. Purwanto, and S. Suherman. "Solid waste management in the paper industry." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 06026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206026.

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The industry developed rapidly since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The side effect of industrial development was a large amount of non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste. All of this waste must be managed properly so that environmental sustainability is maintained and does not cause harm or problems to the community. A review will be conducted from various research journals in various countries and the types of waste also vary, namely plastic, pulp and paper industry waste, and other solid waste. A comparison of solid waste management will be carried on to reduce the generation of waste in the environment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-waste management"

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Pongrácz, E. (Eva). "Re-defining the concepts of waste and waste management:evolving the Theory of Waste Management." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268210.

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Abstract In an attempt to construct a new agenda for waste management, this thesis explores the importance of the definition of waste and its impact on waste management, and the role of ownership in waste management. It is recognised that present legal waste definitions are ambiguous and do not really give an insight into the concept of waste. Moreover, despite its explicit wish of waste prevention, when according to present legislation a thing is assigned the label of a waste, it is going to be treated like waste, implicitly legislation thus amasses waste. The philosophical ramifications inherent in such definitions mean that they are not capable of constructing a system that, by its very nature, results in a sustainable waste management system. It is also a fact that, while there are numerous practices as to how to deal with a particular type of waste, there is no theory of waste management. In this thesis, waste as a concept is analysed from the point of view of why and when waste is created. Using the PSSP language, waste is classified based on the Purpose and Performance attributes. New, dynamic definitions for waste and waste management are offered, which explain why waste is created and intrinsically offer a solution to how the problem could be solved. Additional waste-related concepts are introduced, which are thought to have great potential for improvement on waste regulation. The concept of ownership is explained as rights and responsibilities of waste creators/owners: it is thus crucial to raising awareness about waste. Ownership in itself often dictates which waste management options are preferentially adopted by a given community. The role of legislation in producing monitoring systems for the transfer of ownership as well as abandonment of ownership is analysed. To avoid obstacles to resource conservation due to materials being considered waste, a definition for non-waste is introduced. The new agenda for waste management thus focuses upon the development of more appropriate, sustainable definitions so that what is now commonly perceived as being waste will in fact be increasingly seen as resource-rich, 'non-waste'. The role of waste management is explained as control of all waste-related activities, with the aim of preventing, minimising or utilising waste. The need for a theory of waste management is explained, and the first building blocks of the theory are proposed. This thesis is offered as the first step toward scientification of waste management.
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Bögels, Machteld. "Digital Waste : ELIMINATING NON-VALUE ADDING ACTIVITIES THROUGH DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263903.

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In an era where the network of interconnected devices is rapidly expanding, it is difficult for organizations to adapt to the increasingly data-rich and dynamic environment while remaining competitive. Employees experience that much of their time and resources is spent daily on repetitive, inefficient and mundane tasks. Whereas lean manufacturing has manifested itself as a well-known optimization concept, lean information management and the removal of waste is not yet being used to its full potential as its direct value is less visible. A case study was conducted to define which types of non-value adding activities can be identified within information flows and to determine whether decentralized application development can eliminate this digital waste. An internal information flow was modelled, analyzed and optimized by developing customized applications on the Microsoft Power Platform. Based on literature from the field of manufacturing and software development, a framework was developed to categorize digital waste as well as higher order root causes in terms of business strategy and IT infrastructure. While decentralized app development provides the ability to significantly reduce operational digital waste in a simplified manner, it can also enable unnecessary expansion of a common data model and requires application lifecycle management efforts as well as edge security to ensure data compliance and governance. Although limited to one case study, the suggested framework could give insights to organizations that aim to optimize internal workflows by identifying and eliminating digital waste and its root causes.
I en tid där nätverk av sammankopplade enheter expanderar snabbt, är det svårt för organisationer att anpassa sig till den allt mer datoriserade och dynamiska miljön och samtidigt förbli konkurrenskraftiga. Anställda upplever att mycket av deras tid och resurser spenderas på repetitiva, ineffektiva och vardagliga uppgifter. Lean manufacturing har visat sig vara ett välkänt optimeringskoncept, dock har informationshantering och avlägsnande av slöseri inte ännu nått sin fulla potential eftersom dess direkta värde är svårare att se och räkna. En fallstudie genomfördes för att definiera vilka typer av icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter som kan identifieras inom informationsflöden och för att avgöra om decentraliserad applikationsutveckling kan eliminera detta digitala slöseri. Ett internt informationsflöde modellerades, analyserades och optimerades genom att utveckla anpassade applikationer på Microsoft Power Platform. Baserat på litteratur från tillverknings- och mjukvaruutvecklingsområdet utvecklades en ram för att kategorisera digitalt slöseri samt högre grundorsaker när det gäller affärsstrategi och ITinfrastruktur. Medan decentraliserad apputveckling ger möjlighet att avsevärt minska det operativa digitala slöseriet på ett förenklat sätt, så kan det också möjliggöra onödig expansion av en gemensam datamodell och kräver hantering av livscykelanalyser samt kantsäkerhet för att säkerställa datahantering och styrning. Trots begränsad till en fallstudie, så kan det föreslagna ramverket ge insikter till organisationer som syftar till att optimera interna arbetsflöden genom att identifiera och eliminera digitalt slöseri och dess grundläggande orsaker.
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van, Zyl Carike. "Identifying non-value added waste that delay emergency CT brain workflow using lean management principles." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33964.

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Introduction: The Department of Radiology at Groote Schuur Hospital receives numerous emergency CT brain requests especially from the Emergency and Trauma departments. Improvement in emergency CT brain workflow should reduce waiting times for CT scans resulting in earlier diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Identification of the nonvalue-added waste (NVAW) (steps regarded as wasteful to the customer) in the CT brain workflow can be determined by use of a lean management tool namely a value stream map (VSM - a flow analysis of information required to provide service to the customer). AIM: The study aims to identify non-value-added waste in the CT brain workflow value stream map which may result in delay in emergency CT brain reporting. Method: This study investigated NVAW in emergency CT brain workflow for 5 working days between 08h00 to 22h00 from Monday to Friday. Nineteen patients booked for an emergency CT brain scan by the Emergency Department (ED) only between 08h00 and 22h00 over the specific 5 day working period were randomly selected using convenience sampling. The indications for emergency CT brain scans in the sample were similar to the wider group of patients undergoing emergency CT brain scans. A VSM identifying all the relevant steps in the emergency CT brain workflow was constructed. The investigator accompanied each of the nineteen patients from the ED to the CT scanner and back and manually recorded the time elapsed in minutes for each separate step on the data collection sheet. The outstanding information required was obtained from the Xiris system on the Phillips PACS (Picture Archiving and Communicating System). The average time interval for each of the steps as indicated on the VSM was calculated, and the rate limiting step(s) which resulted in a delay in emergency CT brain reporting was identified. Results: Overall, the longest step was the time interval from the time of completion of the scan to the generation of the report (turnaround time (TAT)) with an average time of 72.21 minutes (p value of < 0,01). Conversely, the time interval from placing the request by the clinician on the PACS to the time of annotation by the radiologist was the shortest with an average time of 5.84 minutes. Discussion: The lean management system was used to identify the rate limiting step(s) which resulted in delay in emergency CT brain reporting. Possible reasons identified for the delay caused by the rate limiting step include the backlog in reporting of the large number of already scanned cases which may be due to staff constraints as only one radiologist was on duty during most of the study period. Additional contributory factors include clinician telephonic query interruptions to radiology registrars during reporting sessions and delay in the emergency doctor authorising and facilitating transport of the patient from the emergency unit to the CT scanner. Conclusion: The value stream map tool in lean management can be utilised to identify non value added waste in emergency CT brain workflow.
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Herron, Trevor P. "An Internship with the Zero Waste Alliance." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1114196877.

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Desam, Padmabhushana R. "A system analysis of converting non-recyclable plastic waste into value-added products in a paper industry cluster." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100360.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-61).
Waste plastic, both industrial and municipal sources, is posing a major environmental challenges in developing countries such as India due to improper disposal methods. Large quantities of non-recyclable plastic waste get collected in paper recycling plants in Muzaffamagar and other regions in India. The plastic waste is typically in the form of protective covers, thin film, binding coils etc., which gets separated from paper during the pulping process. Because of its low value in recycling markets, the plastic waste is currently being burned as a substitute fuel for biomass in meeting the steam generation needs in paper production. Though incineration of plastic along with other solid waste for energy recovery is a common practice in countries like Europe, low technology employed in grate boilers without proper environmental equipment are creating serious problems in this region due to combustion-generated pollution. Instead, pyrolysis technologies in combination with innovative catalysts are evolving in recent years for converting waste plastic into fuel oil, diesel, and LPG. These technologies are proven to be safe and environmental-friendly, while producing value-added products that are in high demand. The primary objective of this research study is to investigate suitable technologies to convert waste plastic that is generated in the Muzaffarnagar paper cluster into value-added products, while considering certain unique requirements such as the ability to handle large quantities of mixed plastic, availability of biomass heating sources, lack of skilled workers, and limited capital and operating costs that play an important role in new technology adoption. Moreover, implementation of a suitable technology subject to economic and social considerations in this region is explored at a system-level. This systems thinking approach is deemed to be suitable for handling such complex problems, where non-technical issues play a crucial role in finding an appropriate solution.
by Padmabhushana R. Desam.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Huang, Bin, Loukas Plas, and Nader Salam. "Exploring Prospective Entrepreneurial Engagement and Stakeholders’ Involvement in the Circular Economy : An Empirical Study on the Concept of Växjö Reuse Village." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-56570.

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During the search for a thesis topic, the researchers established contact with a civil servant at Växjö Municipality in Sweden who introduced them to the prospective project of the Reuse Village as part of the city’s waste management plan to enhance circular economy. Hence, the researchers’ purpose for this thesis is to explore the determined values and stakeholders’ involvement linked to the engagement of entrepreneurs towards a circular economy. Moreover, a thorough explanation of the literature review is conducted including the environmental, economic and social sustainability, in addition to the entrepreneurial and stakeholders’ involvement and the different sustainable oriented entrepreneurs and the values that could possibly influence the entrepreneurs. The researchers used mixed research methods that comprise of qualitative interviews, secondary research, and case studies based on documentary secondary data to give a deeper explanation of the stakeholders and entrepreneurial involvement and show their position in the field of circular economy especially in the Reuse Village project. The main findings of the thesis elaborate more on the importance of circular economy that governments and local municipalities are pushing for. The outcome presents the directions that stakeholders lean towards, regarding the Reuse Village, and shows how the relationship between the stakeholders plays a major role in the progress of the notion of circular economy.
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Muchingami, Innocent I. "NON-INVASIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF UNSATURATED ZONE TRANSPORT IN DRY COAL ASH DUMPS: A CASE STUDY OF TUTUKA, SOUTH AFRICA." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4268.

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Doctor Scientiae
The management of the large volumes of solid wastes produced as coal combustion residue is of particular concern due to the presence of leachable metals and salts which may constitute a long term environmental risk and potential contamination of both surface and groundwater systems of the surrounding environment. In order to implement an efficient monitoring scheme and to assess the impact of the ash dump on the hydrologic system, a thorough knowledge on the migration of solutes fluxes in dry ash dumps as well as the controls on the transport of these solutes to the underlying groundwater system is required. The conventional methods which have been widely used for such applications are centred on extracting and analysing several samples from observation wells are drilled on the dump. This has however created a potentially hazardous situation as the installation of monitoring wells may result in the creation of new fluid pathways and results in further migration of leachates. Nevertheless, non–invasive characterization has often been useful in the determination of subsurface hydraulic properties and is a key step towards the solution of real-life problems in hydrology, hydrogeology and soil science. In contaminant transport non-invasive methods have often proved to be an efficient tool as compared to traditional drilling and sampling techniques which in most cases results in the creation of preferential flow paths and do not allow for the space and time resolution needed for the monitoring of hydrological and environmental processes. In this context, this study seeks to develop a generic conceptual model for the ash dump through the use of non-invasive geophysical techniques and numerical modelling techniques at the Tutuka Ash dump, Mpumalanga South Africa. Changes in electrical resistivity were used correlate changes in moisture contents during moisture and salt leachate ingression in ash dumps with a sufficient accuracy. A determination of the suitability of Archie‘s law to describe the relationship between electrical resistivity and solute transport ash medium was achieved through empirical laboratory experiments. Electrical resistivity tomography was then used as an appropriate tool for the elucidation of potential flow paths and brine dispersion in the ash dump. The flow rates through the ash dump were estimated by considering the rate of brine injection and the distance travelled by the brine plume over the time spanned in time lapse infiltration experiments. Additional geophysical profiles managed to show the lithostratigraphy of underlying hydro-geology, thereby ensuring that the knowledge of the geology can be established without the application of any intrusive methods. To ensure that development of the conceptual model of the unsaturated zone transport of the ash dump was developed with sufficient accuracy, numerical models were also used to describe solute transport in the vadose zone. The HYDRUS2D numerical package was used simulate the flux dynamics within the unsaturated zone of the coal ash medium, so as to develop a conceptual understanding of water flow and salt transport through the unsaturated zone of the coal ash medium. The results from the study suggested a conceptual solute transport model that consists of a two layers. The upper layer represented the unsaturated zone of the ash dump which was the source of any potential contaminant transport that could be of concern. The lower layer describe the underlying the subsurface environment to the ash dump which include the soil zone, the shallow aquifer and the deep fractured rock aquifer. To enable this conceptualisation, results from the numerical simulations and geophysical interpretations of the electrical resistivity profiles were the critical components for optimising the site-specific subsurface water flow and solute transport processes, as well as producing the most acceptable conceptualisation of the ash dump system that could be used in hazard assessment and mitigation against potential groundwater pollution. The conceptual models developed in this study proposed an explanation on impact of the ash dump to the hydro-geologic and the eco-hydrologic environment by proposing a scenario of contamination of the underling ash dump and the existing. In this regard, the study managed to provide important scenarios that may be necessary during mitigation procedures for both the ash dump and the wetland. Key words: non-invasive, coal ash, time lapse, electrical resistivity tomography, numerical models, HYDRUS2D, conceptual model.
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Pohanková, Lucie. "Architektura ekofarem v České republice." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233237.

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New agricultural constructions in Czech Republic happen, in better case, privilege of civil engineer, in the worse case only privilege of the investor, in the past. While architects or enlightenment project architects with inventive and feeling for architecture, rarely interfered to their projection. In the practice, the preferred and implemented misconception, that it is a purely purpose-built buildings with economical advantageous solution type, when external design of the building and his effect in landscape plays just a minor role, meant a huge mistake, which disfeature face of a lot of villages. With the gradual development of organic and sustainable agriculture is obvious, that to the design of these buildings gets back the idea of invention and emotion of construction into the landscape. Essence of a dissertation is how to proceed with the draft of a new or completion of original organic farm in conditions of the Czech Republic and on which specific points to focus in the design. Objective of thesis is generalization of rules design new modern organic farm or new buildings on the existing organic farm, using the principles of organic architecture and architecture undemanding of energy, renewable source of energy and non-waste management and verification on the specific examples in the Czech Republic and neighboring Europa countries. Where else should apply the principles of organic architecture more than in the construction of organic farms. Moreover, organic farm offers a great number of functions and with related different operations with requirements for specific areas. This is an added bonus, diversity of construction and the possibility of building creativity in architectural solutions. It is then mainly limited functionality of the building, legislative, public health, fire and traffic regulations, with which any proposal must cope. Organic farms are a phenomenon, but also the future of sustainable agriculture in the Czech Republic, as well. Not only production side of organic farms, but also neglected building stock deserves the attention of experts. Only organic farm with the right comprehensive created building and energy concept on an ecological principle is becoming a well-functioning self-contained unit connected with the cycle of nature, the surrounding landscape and regional tradition.
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Karlsson, Oscar, and Oskar Hjalmarsson. "Effektivare material-och produktionsstyrning för minskad genomloppstid i en process hos ett företag med funktionell layout : En fallstudie på Press Kogyo Sweden AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104538.

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Bakgrund: Dagens marknader har med tiden tenderat att bli mer globala vilket i sin tur har ökat konkurrensen mellan företag. Detta har inneburit att många industriorganisationer har behövt förändra sig för att vara konkurrenskraftiga på marknaden. Ett koncept som idag genomsyrar många företag är lean vilket bygger på att maximera användandet av sina resurser, eliminera slöserier och skapa en effektivare tillverkning. Genom att arbeta med lean kan företag uppnå snabbare genomloppstider. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga Press Kogyos propellerprocess för att kunna identifiera icke-värdeadderande aktiviteter i processen. Vidare kommer studien bidra Press Kogyo med förslag gällande hur en effektivare material- och produktionsstyrning kan reducera genomloppstiden i propellerprocessen. För att studien ska uppnå teoretisk relevans är ytterligare ett syfte med studien att bidra med teori kring hur tillverkande företag, med en funktionell layout, kan reducera de nackdelar som finns med layouten med effektivare material- och produktionsstyrning. Genomförande: Studien har delats upp i tre forskningsfrågor. De två första forskningsfrågorna var specifikt inriktade mot det studerade företaget medan den tredje forskningsfrågan var mer generellt ställd mot tillverkande företag med funktionell layout. Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie och präglats av kvalitativa forskningsmetoder. Empiriska data har samlats in genom intervjuer, observationer samt en fokusgrupp. För första forskningsfrågan skapades processkartor och VSM-kartor. Dessa i samband med diverse intervjuer låg till grund för att identifiera icke-värdeadderande aktiviteter/slöserier i propellerprocessen vilka påverkade genomloppstiden. För forskningsfråga två applicerades teori kring material-och För tillverkande industriföretag kan en reducering av genomloppstid generera diverse fördelar. Några av dessa fördelar är: minskat antal produkter i arbete, bättre kvalité, minskade kostnader, bättre prognoser, ökad flexibilitet samt minskad ledtid gentemot kund. Press Kogyo har under en längre period upplevt en problematik kring en av deras processer. Problematiken har legat i att de inte vetat om vilka icke- värdeadderade aktiviteter som finns i processen samt hur de påverkar genomloppstiden.   produktionsstyrning i syfte att reducera de icke-värdeadderande aktiviteterna/slöserier som identifierats och följaktligen reducera genomloppstider i processen. Gällande forskningsfråga tre genomfördes intervjuer med det studerade företaget och ett annat tillverkande företag med funktionell layout. Författarna ämnade att genom dessa intervjuer besvara hur tillverkande företag med en funktionell layout kan reducera de nackdelar som finns med den layouten med hjälp av effektiv material- och produktionsstyrning. Slutsats: I studien identifierades sju slöserier där väntan ansågs vara det slöseri vilket mest påverkade genomloppstiden i propellerprocessen. För att eliminera alla slöserier och framförallt väntan applicerades teori kring material- och produktionsstyrning med fokus på production activity control (PAC). Den teori vilken användes skapade också en teoretisk modell vilken kan vara en bra grund när företag med funktionell layout vill effektivisera sin planering. Vissa delar av den teoretiska modellen användes också senare i studien där den användes för att reducera de nackdelar vilka kan finnas med en funktionell layout.
Background: Today's markets have over time tended to become more global, which in turn has increased competition between companies. This has meant that many industry organizations have had to change in order to be competitive in the market. A concept that today permeates many companies is the lean practice, which is based on maximizing the use of resources, eliminating waste, and creating more efficient production. By working with lean, companies can achieve faster throughput time. For manufacturing industrial companies, a reduction in throughput time can generate various benefits. Some of these advantages are: reduced number of products in work, better quality, reduced costs, better forecasts, increased flexibility and reduced lead time towards customers.Press Kogyo has for a long period experienced problems with one of their processes. The main problem has been that they do not know what non-value-added activities/waste that can be found in the process and how these activitiesaffect the total throughput time of the process. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to map Press Kogyo's propeller process in order to be able to identify non-value-adding activities in the process. Furthermore, the study will provide Press Kogyo with proposals regarding how more efficient material and production control can reduce the throughput time in the propeller process. In order for the study to achieve theoretical relevance, another purpose of the study is to contribute with theories about how manufacturing companies, with a functional layout, can reduce the disadvantages of the layout with more efficient material and production control. Methodology: The study has been divided into three research questions. The first two research questions were specifically aimed at Press Kogyo, while the third research question was more generally directed at manufacturing companies with a functional layout. The study was conducted as a case study and was characterized by qualitative research methods. Empirical data has been collected through interviews, observations, and a focus group. For the first research question, process maps and VSM maps were created. This together with various interviews created the foundation for identifying non-value-adding activities/waste in the propeller process which affected the throughput time. For research question two, theory of material and production control was applied in order to reduce the non-value-adding activities/waste and consequently reduce throughput time in the process. Regarding research question three, interviews were conducted with Press Kogyo and another manufacturing company with a functional layout. The authors intended to, through these interviews, find answers to how manufacturing companies with a functional layout can reduce the disadvantages of the layout with the help of efficient material and production control. Conclusions: In the study, seven wastes were identified where “wait” was considered to be the waste that affected throughput time the most in the propeller process. To eliminate all waste and specifically the waste “wait”, methods and theories regarding material and production control was applied with a focus on production activity control (PAC). All the different theories that was used also created a theoretical model which can be a good basis for planning when companies with a functional layout want to find ways tostreamline their planning. Some parts of the theoretical model were also used later in the study where it was used to reduce the disadvantages that may exist with a functional layout
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Eriksson, Carl-Oscar, and Jesper Tornberg. "Värdeflödesanalys i ett råmaterialflöde : En fallstudie där icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter och dess orsaksfaktorer identifieras." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45945.

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Syfte – Studiens syfte är att utifrån en värdeflödesanalys kartlägga ett råmaterialflöde samt identifiera icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter och föreslå förbättringsförslag. För att besvara syftet har det brutits ned i tre följande frågeställningar: Vilka icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter kan identifieras i flödet? Vad finns det för argument till att åtgärda de upptäckta icke- värdeskapande aktiviteterna Hur kan de upptäckta icke-värdeskapande aktiviteterna åtgärdas för att höja effektiviteten? Metod - Den genomförda studien är en fallstudie vilken bygger på en induktiv ansats med kvantitativa inslag. Den använda metoden är av kvalitativ karaktär då studien grundar sig på intervjuer och tolkning utifrån observationer av den grundläggande datainsamlingen. Datainsamlingen har genomförts utifrån litteraturstudier, intervjuer, observationer och dokumentstudier. För att nå en hög trovärdighet har det vid utformning av intervjufrågor varit viktigt att dessa kunnat kopplats till uppfyllnad av syftet. Detta arbete gjordes för att minimera risken för systematiska fel. Resultat – Studiens resultat bygger på en kartläggning av ett flöde där en nulägesanalys genomfördes för att sedan genomföra en värdeflödesanalys. Utifrån värdeflödesanalysen framgick det att en brist i flödet var höga nivåer av slöserier. Det största identifierade slöseriet var bristande kvalité, främst orsakat av produktion av defekta produkter. Denna brist påverkar vidare stora delar av flödet. De åtgärdsförslag vilka läggs fram i studien är att via en förändring av kulturen på företaget, genomföra standarder och vidare jobba med ständiga förbättringar. Implikationer – Resultatet visar vikten av att arbeta med effektivisering av slöserier vilket i studiens fall leder till bristande kvalitet främst i form av produktion av defekta produkter. Studien har ett praktiskt bidrag till tillverkande företag, genom att ta till sig de presenterade åtgärdsförslagen kan det generera en bättre samsyn på kvalitet i verksamheten. Även ett teoretiskt bidrag ges i form av att ämnet ständigt är under utveckling och behöver ny uppdaterad data. Vidare forskning skulle kunna se över hur man rent tekniskt och psykologiskt implementerar en förändring likt denna. Begränsningar – Resultatet kan vara svårt att generalisera eftersom detta är en studie genomförd som en enfallsdesign. Vidare är det även komplext att undersöka och utveckla en studie vilken visar på hur kvalitet är kopplat till företagskultur.
Purpose – The purpose with this study is to map a raw material value flow analysis and identify non-value-creating activities and propound suggestions for improvement. Method – The study is a case study based on an inductive approach with quantitative elements. The used methods is of a qualitative character since the study is based on interviews and interpretation based on observations of the basic data collection. The data collection has been done through literature studies, interviews, observations and document studies. In order to achieve high credibility, it has been important that the design of interview questions can be linked to fulfillment of the purpose. This work was done to minimize the risk of systematic errors. Findings – The study's results are based on a mapping of a flow where a current analysis was carried out to then later end in a value flow analysis. Based on the value flow analysis, it appeared that a shortage in the flow was high levels of waste. The largest identified waste was a lack of quality, mainly due to the production of defective products. This shortcoming also affects large parts of the flow. The measures proposed in the study are to implement standards through a change in the culture of the company, and to continue to work on continuous improvements. Implications – The result, which shows the importance of working with streamlining waste, which in this case leads to a lack of quality, mainly in the form of production of defective products. The study can be seen as a practical contribution to manufacturing companies, by embracing these proposals for action, it should generate a better consensus on the quality of the business. Also a theoretical contribution where further research could look at how to technically and psychologically implement a change like this. Limitations – It can be difficult to generalize the results as this is a study conducted as a one-case design. Furthermore, it is also complex to investigate and develop a study that shows how quality is linked to corporate culture.
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Books on the topic "Non-waste management"

1

Pöll, Günther. Returnable and non-returnable packaging: The management of waste and resources towards an eco-social market economy. London, UK: James & James, 1993.

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EWM (Seminar) (2nd 1998 Jamshedpur, India). Environmental & waste management in non-ferrous metallurgical industries: A compendium of papers presented in EWM-98, January 29-30, 1998, Jamshedpur, India. Edited by Bandopadhyay Amitava, Goswami N. G. 1957-, Rao Ramachandra P. 1942-, National Metallurgical Laboratory (India), and Indian Institute of Metals. Jamshedpur Chapter. Jamshedpur: National Metallurgical Laboratory & the Indian Institute of Metals, Jamshedpur Chapter, 1998.

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Daffern, J. Regulatory and non-regulatory control of contaminated sites. IN Fell, Robin; Phillips, Tony; Gerrard, C. M., editors, Geotechnical management of waste and contamination. S.l: s.n, 1993.

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Larsen, P. DISPOSITION PATHS FOR ROCKY FLATS GLOVEBOXES: EVALUATING OPTIONS. Washington, D.C: United States. Dept. of Energy, 2003.

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Harish, Arora, AWWA Research Foundation, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency., eds. Environmental impacts of non-treatment discharges from drinking water utilities. Denver, Colo: Awwa Research Foundation, 2007.

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Narasimhan, Ramesh. Environmental impacts of non-treatment discharges from drinking water utilities. Denver, Colo: Awwa Research Foundation, 2007.

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The Department of Energy's FY 1997 budget request for Environment, safety and health, environmental restoration and waste management (non-defense) and nuclear energy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, May 1, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment. The Department of Energy's FY 1997 budget request for Environment, safety and health, environmental restoration and waste management (non-defense) and nuclear energy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, May 1, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment. The Department of Energy's FY 1997 budget request for environment, safety and health, environmental restoration and waste management (non-defense) and nuclear energy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, May 1, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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Fiscal year 1998 budget authorization request: Department of Energy (DOE)--Nuclear Energy; Environment, Safety, and Health; and Environmental Restorational and Waste Management (non-Defense) : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, March 20, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-waste management"

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Alhonnoro, Lotta, Hanna Leipämaa-Leskinen, and Henna Syrjälä. "Distributed Agency in Food Waste—A Focus on Non-human Actors in Retail Setting." In Food Waste Management, 141–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20561-4_6.

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Lolli, Ilaria. "The management of dredged materials: the «long and winding road» from waste to resource." In Proceedings e report, 259–69. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.26.

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Both the dredging operations and the management of dredged materials may have heavy impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems. Dredged materials, in particular, have been considered for a very long time nothing more than a waste meant for disposal. Now the time has come to move from the ‘disposal approach’ to the ‘waste recovery’ or, even better, to the ‘waste can be a non-waste’ ones. Unfortunately, the management of dredged materials is committed to a congeries of rules, which build up a framework of law that appears plainly fragmentary and incoherent. The road is still long (and winding).
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Hettiarachchi, Hiroshan, Johan Bouma, Serena Caucci, and Lulu Zhang. "Organic Waste Composting Through Nexus Thinking: Linking Soil and Waste as a Substantial Contribution to Sustainable Development." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_1.

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AbstractThis introductory chapter explains why organic waste composting is considered as one of the best examples to demonstrate the benefits of nexus thinking. Current literature is rich with information covering various aspects of composting process. However, it mainly represents two distinct fields: waste from the management point of view and soil/agriculture from the nutrient recycling point of view. It is hard to find information on how these two fields can benefit from each other, except for a few examples found within large agricultural fields/businesses. A policy/institutional framework that supports a broader integration of management of such resources is lacking: a structure that goes beyond the typical municipal or ministerial boundaries. There is a clear need to address this gap, and nexus thinking can help immensely close the gap by facilitating the mindset needed for policy integration. Good intention of being sustainable is not enough if there is no comprehensive plan to find a stable market for the compost as a product. Therefore, the chapter also discusses the strong need to have a good business case for composting projects. Composting can also support achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations. While directly supporting SDG 2 (Zero hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production), and SDG 13 (Climate action), enhanced composting practices may also assist us reach several other targets specified in other SDGs. While encouraging waste composting as a sustainable method of waste and soil management, we should also be cautious about the possible adverse effects compost can have on the environment and public health, especially due to some non-traditional raw materials that we use nowadays such as wastewater sludge and farm manure. Towards the end, we urge for the improvement of the entire chain ranging from waste generation to waste collection/separation to compost formation and, finally, application to soil to ensure society receives the maximum benefit from composting.
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Yaacob, Mashitoh, Maznah Hj Ibrahim, and Zubaidah Mohd Nasir. "Solid Waste Management in Malaysia: The Perspectives of Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Youths on Consumers’ Commitment." In Education for Sustainability, 27–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9173-6_3.

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Hansen, Preben, Vesna Grujoska, and Milica Jovanoska. "Textile as Material in Human Built Environment Interaction." In Future City, 215–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_11.

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AbstractAs human population grows in number, the amount of (organic and non-organic) waste materials has grown rapidly year by year.Changes of consumption and lifestyle have generated a higher waste amount. Waste management has become a significant issue in today’s society. In 2014, the EU countries registered 2.494 million tons of generated waste, which was an increase in growth of 2.8% compared with data from 2008. Different renewable materials are ending up as waste, such as glass, paper, plastic, textile, which may be used in a recycling process. This chapter will discuss these challenges with the focus on one of these materials, textiles, as building materials.We also introduce the perspective of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) aspects, and especially Human-Built Environment Interaction which will give some specific focus on textiles used as recycled materials. The result of the critical literature review in the area of textiles as building material from an HCI point of view suggest a set of interaction design dimensions that can be considered and applied on the usage of textiles for built environments.
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Dasgupta, Pinaki, and Rajender Gondane. "Non-burn Technologies (NBT) in Management of Food Wastes—A Possible Paradigm for Smart Cities." In Waste Management and Resource Efficiency, 1099–112. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7290-1_91.

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Meyer, Yolandi. "South Africa’s Approach to Nuclear Waste Management: Seeking Sustainable Solutions to the Nuclear Waste Conundrum." In Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law - Volume VI, 209–25. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-463-1_8.

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Aishwarya, M., Rajesh Gopinath, L. R. Phanindra, K. Clarina, Rashmi R. Kagawad, and S. G. Ananya. "Reduction of Significant Aspects and Enhancement of Non-Significant Aspects for Hazardous Wastes in a Medical Electronics Manufacturing Firm." In Integrated Approaches Towards Solid Waste Management, 203–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70463-6_19.

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Mukherjee, Swapna. "Uses of Clays in Waste Managements: Toxic and Non-toxic." In The Science of Clays, 309–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6683-9_21.

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Bychkov, A. V., and O. V. Skiba. "Review of Non-Aqueous Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Separation Methods." In Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management, 71–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4546-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-waste management"

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Sjöblom, R. "Classification of waste as hazardous or non-hazardous: the cases of ash and slag." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm120261.

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Moloney, B. P., B. Stephenson, and D. Ferguson. "Incineration of European Non-Nuclear Radioactive Waste in the USA." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASME, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96280.

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Aishwarya, Aishwarya, Parth Wadhwa, Owais Owais, and Vasudha Vashisht. "A Waste Management Technique to detect and separate Non-Biodegradable Waste using Machine Learning and YOLO algorithm." In 2021 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/confluence51648.2021.9377163.

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Roche, Kevin H., and Anne K. Hewes. "ecomaine: An Integrated Waste Management System." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7064.

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ecomaine manages solid waste for its member communities through an integrated strategy that includes a single sort recycling center, a waste-to-energy (WTE) power plant and a 250 acre landfill for residual ash. The public organization has over 40 member communities in Maine which equates to over 24% of the State’s population. Established as a non-profit in the 1970’s with a mission to address trash disposal for future generations, a comprehensive waste system has emerged. The method of balefilling municipal solid waste (MSW) was replaced by a state-of-the-art WTE facility in 1988 and the multiple-sort recycling system was upgraded to a single-sort advanced system in 2007. Roughly 170,000 tons of MSW are processed through the WTE facility each year. This results in an average of 83,000–105,000 megawatt-hours of electricity generated annually. Since 2005, recycling tonnage has increased 71% from 21,000 to 36,000 tons. The State of Maine established a “Solid Waste Management Hierarchy” in 2007 cascading in disposal preference from Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Compost, Waste-to-Energy to Landfilling MSW. ecomaine is researching the feasibility of implementing an organics recovery system that would include food waste to further advance the Solid Waste Hierarchy and State’s recycling goal of 50%. ecomaine continues to manage its resources through innovation that highlight the resiliency of an integrated waste management system. For example, ecomaine has adapted to periods of waste shortages through strategies of caching MSW during times of higher waste generation and storing that waste until it is needed. ecomaine selects cover material for temporary use that is combustible so that it can efficiently be processed through the WTE facility. When fuel is scarce, the cached material is returned to the WTE as a fuel input. Another example, of matching a waste to a beneficial reuse is ecomaine’s ash metals mining project for the recovery of both ferrous metals and valuable non-ferrous material from screened ash. ecomaine strives to sustainably treat residual waste streams after enhanced resource recovery, re-use and recycling efforts and embrace an integrated waste management system. While challenges face many waste disposal operations such as changing regulations, ecomaine communities believe an integrated system with a good design and forward-looking plant management allow for a robust and effective service, as the ecomaine example shows.
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Salzer, Peter, Václav Hanušík, and Kristína Krištofová. "Disposal of Non-Standard Radioactive Waste in the Mochovce L/ILW Repository." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1188.

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Abstract Packages of the non-standard radioactive waste have been, in present conditions of the Slovak Republic, defined as packages intended to be dispose by the producer and originally not covered by “the limits and conditions” of the Mochovce near surface repository, particularly waste acceptance criteria concerning the form of waste. Wastes cemented directly (homogeneous) to standard concrete containers reinforced by metal fibres (FRCs) or conditioned into 2001 drums before (heterogeneous: drums are inserted into FRCs and the FRCs void spaces are filled by cement mortar) were originally the only acceptable radioactive waste form in Mochovce repository. However, there has been an intention to dispose another, so-called “non-standard” types of waste: large metal pieces of waste transported and placed directly into repository vaults (i.e. cut into dimensions of individual vault). Second types of non-standard waste have been: dewatered spent ion exchange resins and storage tanks bottom sludge in drums, inserted into FRC with subsequent backfilling by cement mortar. Third group of these is represented by incinerator ashes in drums inserted to FRC directly or after compaction, again with subsequent backfilling of FRCs void spaces. As an answer for this challenge, the ALARA approach has been applied for pre-disposal management optimization of large metal pieces of waste. Four examples of waste arising from the Slovak decommissioned plant A-1 have been evaluated for various options of its management. This step is predominant to achieve a decision concerning disposal of the latter kind of waste. Regarding the disposal of mentioned dewatered waste and incinerator ashes in FRC, a new model has been applied to the assessment of long-term behavior of source term in the repository safety analyses. The new approach is sensitive to the form of waste package on the contrary to the source term model applied heretofore.
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Simpson, Alan, Stephanie Jones, Martin Clapham, and Randy Lucero. "Portable Non-Destructive Assay Methods for Screening and Segregation of Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40255.

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Significant cost-savings and operational efficiency may be realised by performing rapid non-destructive classification of radioactive waste at or near its point of retrieval or generation. There is often a need to quickly categorize and segregate bulk containers (drums, crates etc.) into waste streams defined at various boundary levels (based on its radioactive hazard) in order to meet disposal regulations and consignor waste acceptance criteria. Recent improvements in gamma spectroscopy technologies have provided the capability to perform rapid in-situ analysis using portable and hand-held devices such as battery-operated medium and high resolution detectors including lanthanum halide and high purity germanium (HPGe). Instruments and technologies that were previously the domain of complex lab systems are now widely available as touch-screen “off-the-shelf” units. Despite such advances, the task of waste stream screening and segregation remains a complex exercise requiring a detailed understanding of programmatic requirements and, in particular, the capability to ensure data quality when operating in the field. This is particularly so when surveying historical waste drums and crates containing heterogeneous debris of unknown composition. The most widely used portable assay method is based upon far-field High Resolution Gamma Spectroscopy (HRGS) assay using HPGe detectors together with a well engineered deployment cart (such as the PSC TechniCART™ technology). Hand-held Sodium Iodide (NaI) detectors are often also deployed and may also be used to supplement the HPGe measurements in locating hot spots. Portable neutron slab monitors may also be utilised in cases where gamma measurements alone are not suitable. Several case histories are discussed at various sites where this equipment has been used for in-situ characterization of debris waste, sludge, soil, high activity waste, depleted and enriched uranium, heat source and weapons grade plutonium, fission products, activation products, americium, curium and other more exotic nuclides. The process of acquiring and analyzing data together with integration of historical knowledge to resolve and delineate waste streams (for example between low-level waste and transuranic waste) is described.
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van Velzen, Leo, and Steven van der Marck. "Detection of Shielded Sealed Radioactive Sources in Radioactive Waste by Non-Destructive Assay Techniques." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59252.

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Experiences dealing are seldom reported on the detection of sealed radioactive sources (SRS) or its shielding in waste by non-destructive assay (NDA) methods in literature. Further the knowledge and experience in this field of waste characterization will vary from specialist till basic. The main aim of this paper is to give some guidance with the aid of an overview or scheme with which the possibility can be assessed of the detection and of a shielded SRS in (historic) waste packages. This aim could be reached by simulating the gamma flux emitted by a SRS at the outline of a standard 220 litres drum. The simulations have been performed with the Monte Carlo Neutron Photon transport code (MCNP). The results, visualized by means of iso-plots, are then be used for assessing the detection probability of the SRS by available NDA techniques. The following conclusions could be made: • “Heavy and dens” objects (e.g. shielded sealed radioactive source) can be detected and an indication of its location can be obtained by a sudden significant decrease of the gamma photon flux (cold-spot) at the outline of the drum. This cold-spot is caused by the “heavy or dens” object itself. A cold-spot can be detected the best by analyzing and visualizing the gamma photon flux from the backscatter area (e.g. range 100 keV up to 200 keV) and second best by analyzing the total gamma flux. • With relative simple radiological equipment (e.g. dose rate meter) the possible presence and an indication of the location of a shielded SRS can be estimated. • The detection possibility of detecting a shielded SRS depends not only on the applied NDA technique, but also on the applied effort (e.g. number of measurements, measuring time, applied measurement grid), the properties of the waste packages (e.g. density of the waste matrix and uniformity of the inside dispersed radioactivity), the location and the properties of the shielding of the SRS (e.g. geometry). • For confirmation and the determining of the exact location advanced NDA techniques (e.g. transmission computer tomography or other NDA that techniques gives three dimensional results) have to be applied.
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8

Bruggeman, M., P. Van Iseghem, R. Odoj, Ch Lierse von Gostomski, and R. Dierckx. "8 Years Working of ENTRAP’s Working Group on Non-Destructive Testing of Waste Packages." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1328.

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Abstract ENTRAP is a European organisation grouping nuclear waste quality checking laboratories from different EU member states. The main objectives of ENTRAP are information exchange and harmonisation between the laboratories. ENTRAP works on different aspects of quality checking of nuclear waste packages. The working items are treated in different working groups and one of these working groups is WGA, dealing with non-destructive assay techniques for waste packages. This paper discusses the main achievements made by WGA, and gives a summary of the state-of-the-practice of assay techniques used for quality checking of nuclear waste packages in the different member laboratories.
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Mason, J. A., W. Hage, R. Price, A. C. Tolchard, and A. C. N. Towner. "An Automated Non-Destructive Assay System for the Measurement and Characterization of Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4654.

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The paper describes an automated non-destructive assay (NDA) system for the measurement and characterization of radioactive waste. The Waste Characterisation System (WCS) can be adapted to measure a variety of drum sizes: 60, 220 (55 gallon) and 440 liter, the latter with a maximum weight of 1500 kg (1.5 tonnes). The NDA system includes a Tomographic Segmented Gamma Scanner (TSGS) and an active/passive neutron Differential Die-away (DDA or DDT). The system can assay a wide variety of waste types in a range of waste matrices. The assay stations are linked by a heavy duty roller conveyor which incorporates a 20 drum buffer store, a load cell (built into the conveyor), bar code readers and a dose rate measurement station. The Tomographic Segmented Gamma Scanner (TSGS) combines conventional high resolution gamma spectrometry and a tranission source to interrogate a waste drum in vertical slices (segments) as for Segmented Gamma Scanner (SGS) measurements. However, in the case of the TSGS, while the drum is rotated, it is also moved in the horizontal direction leading to an enhanced ability to correct the gamma ray energies, from the nuclides of interest, for the attenuation of the matrix. The TSGS can also be operated as a conventional SGS for the measurement of homogeneous waste drums. The DDA is a very sensitive active neutron interrogation method that uses thermalised neutrons from a pulsed source within the chamber to irradiate a waste drum. Prompt neutrons from fissile material present in the waste (e. g. 239Pu, 235U) are detected and provide a measure of the fissile content in the drum. In passive mode, the DDA determines the even Pu nuclides exhibiting significant spontaneous fission (e.g. 240Pu). Measurement accuracy depends on correction algorithms to compensate for self-shielding and matrix effects in waste drums containing hydrogenous materials. In addition, the DDA will be provided with the Fission-Fission Neutron Correlation Analysis System (FFnC) which is an absolute technique eliminating the need for matrix dependent mass calibrations, and allowing separate U and Pu determination using delayed neutron counting. The FFnC technique will be tested for the first time on the WCS. The NDA system incorporates integrated stations to determine the weight and dose rate of each drum, the former built into the conveyor the latter as part of the TSGS. Six Geiger Muller tubes measure the surface dose at three positions on the drum side, one at 1 metre from the drum and one each measuring the surface dose of the top and bottom of the drum. The assay instruments are linked to a heavy duty conveyor system onto which up to 20 waste drums can be loaded for delivery to the various measurement stations, thus permitting unattended, automated operation. Once measured, the drums remain on the conveyer in a holding system waiting to be unloaded. Automation is provided using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and associated computers. A central computer and associated software is used for data acquisition and management.
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Verbeke, R. "Acceptance of the Waste by ONDRAF/NIRAS." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1199.

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Reports on the topic "Non-waste management"

1

Lucas, Brian. Urban Flood Risks, Impacts, and Management in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.018.

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This summary reviews evidence on the urban flooding impact, risk factors, and management and mitigation measures in Lagos and other cities in Nigeria. Flooding is a common problem every year in many cities across Nigeria, but the impacts of flooding are poorly documented. There is no consistent set of statistics at a national or sub-national level that can be used to compare the impacts of flooding across cities, and reports that focus on particular flood events are often incomplete. The literature notes the principal factors contributing to flood risk including uncontrolled urban growth, inadequate and poorly-maintained drainage systems, solid waste management practices, weakness in institutional capacity and coordination, and warning systems and public awareness. The evidence base for flood impacts, risks, and mitigation efforts at the city level in Nigeria is limited, and much of the information available is low quality, inconsistent, or outdated. Many rely on surveys of city residents rather than objective empirical data, and some of these surveys appear to be poorly designed. A significant number of the academic publications available have been published in non-mainstream journals without the usual level of academic peer review. Recent information is scarce, and a significant amount of the available evidence dates from 2011 and 2012, which coincides with an episode of nationwide flooding that was among the worst in Nigeria’s history.
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2

Acceptance of non-fuel assembly hardware by the Federal Waste Management System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7052524.

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