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Journal articles on the topic 'Nonbook materials'
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1
Soper, Mary Ellen. "A library manager's guide to the physical processing of nonbook materials." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, no. 4 (April 1996): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199604)47:4<327::aid-asi9>3.0.co;2-z.
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Svenonius, Elaine. "Access to nonbook materials: The limits of subject indexing for visual and aural languages." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 45, no. 8 (September 1994): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199409)45:8<600::aid-asi15>3.0.co;2-6.
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Stielow, Frederick J. "New Archival and Preservation Scholarship: Communication and Literature in Transition: A Review ArticleArchival Appraisal. Frank BolesConserving and Preserving Materials in Nonbook Formats. Kathryn Luther Henderson, William T. HendersonDescribing Archival Materials: The Use of the MARC AMC Format. Richard SmiragliaA Library Media and Archival Preservation Handbook. John N. DePewManaging Archives and Archival Institutions. James Gregory BradsherProceedings of the International Symposium: Conservation in Archives." Library Quarterly 63, no. 1 (January 1993): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/602529.
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Attaran, Seyed Hamidreza, Hanieh Niroomand-oscuii, and Farzan Ghalichi. "Local hemodynamic analysis of the C-Pulse Device by 3D fluid-structure interaction simulation." Future Cardiology 16, no. 4 (July 2020): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fca-2019-0004.
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Background: C-Pulse is a new, nonblood contacting device based on the concept of counter-pulsation that is designed for long-term implantation. However, there is a lack of comprehensive investigation of the pressure and velocity fields under the action of C-Pulse. Aim: In this paper, we aim to conduct a numerical simulation of the underlying mechanism of the device in order to analyze its performance and related undesirable issues. Materials & methods: A 3D finite element model is utilized to simulate the mechanism of the blood pumping. Results & conclusion: The simulation well reproduced the essential characteristics of the C-Pulse. Preliminary results were in a reasonable range while a couple of irregular flow patterns were identified.
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Madsen, Nels. "An Alternative Approach to the Symmetrical Top and Slender Member Analysis." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897231.
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This Note considers the problem of a symmetrical top under the action of gravity, or analogously the problem of a long, slender, initially straight linearly elastic, circular cross-section member loaded only at its ends. A nonbody fixed coordinate system is used. The standard results are obtained without any explicit reference to a space-fixed coordinate system.
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SARKAR, SUBHENDU, ALOKMAY DATTA, and PURUSHOTTAM CHAKRABORTY. "FORMATION OF NOVEL Cu3Au ALLOY PHASE UNDER CONFINEMENT." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 05n06 (October 2005): 1011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003991.
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Our present work deals with the formation and thermal behavior of a nonbulk alloy phase confined within about 8 nm across the interfaces of Au/Cu multilayer systems. These multilayers deposited on silicon and float glass by DC magnetron sputtering have been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Along with the highly oriented growth of the Cu and Au layers along [111], Cu 3 Au alloy was found to be present only at the Cu/Au interfaces in the nonbulk tetragonal D023 phase. Co -sputtering of Au and Cu under similar conditions produces only conventional fcc Cu 3 Au alloy phases, suggesting that interfacial confinement plays a significant role in producing the novel Cu 3 Au alloy phase in gold/copper multilayers. This novel phase is found to form only when the interfacial width is less than 10 nm. The D023 alloy phase tends to stabilize, rather than transforming to the bulk L12 phase, when the multilayer is vacuum-annealed at 150°C. As alloy formation spreads out of the interfaces (on vacuum annealing at 200°C), the dominant alloy is CuAu , consistent with the Cu:Au atomic ratio averaged over the multilayer.
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Wang, Liqun, Songming Hou, and Liwei Shi. "A Numerical Method for Solving 3D Elasticity Equations with Sharp-Edged Interfaces." International Journal of Partial Differential Equations 2013 (July 21, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/476873.
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Interface problems occur frequently when two or more materials meet. Solving elasticity equations with sharp-edged interfaces in three dimensions is a very complicated and challenging problem for most existing methods. There are several difficulties: the coupled elliptic system, the matrix coefficients, the sharp-edged interface, and three dimensions. An accurate and efficient method is desired. In this paper, an efficient nontraditional finite element method with nonbody-fitting grids is proposed to solve elasticity equations with sharp-edged interfaces in three dimensions. The main idea is to choose the test function basis to be the standard finite element basis independent of the interface and to choose the solution basis to be piecewise linear satisfying the jump conditions across the interface. The resulting linear system of equations is shown to be positive definite under certain assumptions. Numerical experiments show that this method is second order accurate in the L∞ norm for piecewise smooth solutions. More than 1.5th order accuracy is observed for solution with singularity (second derivative blows up).
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Sun, Chang Q., Jiasheng Chen, Yinyan Gong, Xi Zhang, and Yongli Huang. "(H, Li)Br and LiOH Solvation Bonding Dynamics: Molecular Nonbond Interactions and Solute Extraordinary Capabilities." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 122, no. 3 (January 8, 2018): 1228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09269.
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Yevstratov, E. P., N. V. Krupskaya, and V. Y. Shumlyanskiy. "Several aspects of stellate ganglion block." Pain medicine 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31636/pmjua.v3i2.102.
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Background and Study Goal. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) has been used in the treatment of cerebral derangements associated with headache, for the purpose of reliving spasm and presumably increasing the cerebral blood flow, normalizing endovascular resistance.
Materials and Methods. 30 volunteers underwent unilateral SGB, 30–40 years (21 females, 9 males), with cluster headache. 5 ml 0,25 % ropivacaine were administered + 4 mg dexamethasone under C6 level paratracheal ultrasound guid. The confirmation was the presence of Horner´s syndrome. The resistive index (RI) was measured by ultrosound transcranial CV doppler of middle cerebral artery at the baseline and 1 min, and 10 min after SGB on both sides (the other side was taken for control). Normal values of RI corresponded to the age.
Results and discussion. Our observations showed that after SGB in all patients there was a significant change in RI with normalization of cerebral blood flow, reduction or disappearance of headache.
Conclusions. The difference between the block and the nonblock sides was significant before procedure (p < 0,0001) and after 10 min become the same with an insignificant difference (p = 0,001). A higher RI in patients with a cluster headache may be as an indicator for choosing the block side. Ultrasound technique will be helpfull for providing safe block and effect control.
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Jiang, Xuewei, Wei Wang, Yuanyuan Guo, and Min Dai. "Effect of Pressurized Hydrothermal Treatment on the Properties of Cellulose Amorphous Region Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Forests 14, no. 2 (February 5, 2023): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020314.
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Based on Materials Studio software, a cellulose chain with a polymerization degree of 20 and several water molecules were constructed to form a cellulose amorphous region–water model. The effect of pressure on the wood properties during hydrothermal treatment was investigated to explain the changes in the macroscopic properties from a microscopic perspective, thus providing a theoretical basis for wood heat treatment research. In this study, we performed dynamic simulations at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) and pressurized (0.2 MPa, 0.4 MPa, and 0.6 MPa) conditions under a combination of NPT. In addition, five aspects were analyzed in terms of energy change: cell parameters and density, cellulose mean square displacement, number of hydrogen bonds, and mechanical properties. The results showed that pressurized hydrothermal treatment increased the densification of the wood, decreased the volume, and increased the density. As the pressure increased, the difference between the average value of the nonbond energy and the total potential energy gradually decreased, the bond energy decreased, and the interatomic repulsive force within the molecule gradually weakened. The increase in the number of hydrogen bonds enhanced the restraining effect on the arrangement of cellulose molecular chains and slowed down the movement of the cellulose chains. Young’s modulus (E) and shear modulus (G) increased with increasing pressure, and Poisson’s ratio (γ) and K/G decreased with increasing pressure during the pressurized hydrothermal treatment of wood. The pressurized hydrothermal treatment increased the stiffness and decreased the toughness of the wood compared with those of the model with atmospheric pressure hydrothermal treatment.
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Fischlechner, Martin, Uta Reibetanz, Markus Zaulig, Dirk Enderlein, Julia Romanova, Stefano Leporatti, Sergio Moya, and Edwin Donath. "Fusion of Enveloped Virus Nanoparticles with Polyelectrolyte-Supported Lipid Membranes for the Design of Bio/Nonbio Interfaces." Nano Letters 7, no. 11 (November 2007): 3540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0723580.
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Sun, Yu, Sheng-Hua Li, Ji-Wen Cheng, Gang Chen, Zhi-Guang Huang, Yong-Yao Gu, Hai-Biao Yan, and Mao-Lin He. "Downregulation of miRNA-205 Expression and Biological Mechanism in Prostate Cancer Tumorigenesis and Bone Metastasis." BioMed Research International 2020 (October 29, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6037434.
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Background. The expression and mechanism of microRNA-205 (miRNA-205) in prostate cancer (PCa) and its bone metastasis remain controversial. Materials and Methods. The expression and discriminating capability of miRNA-205 were assessed by drawing a forest plot and a summarized receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, using data available from 27 miRNA-array and miRNA-sequencing datasets. The miRNA-205 target genes were acquired from online prediction tools, differentially upregulated genes in PCa, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after miRNA-205 transfection into PCa cell lines. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the biological mechanism of miRNA-205 targets. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to verify the protein level of the hub gene. Results. The expression of miRNA-205 in the PCa group (1,461 samples) was significantly lower than that in the noncancer group (510 samples), and the downregulation of miRNA-205 showed excellent sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between the two groups. In bone metastatic PCa, the miRNA-205 level was further reduced than in nonbone metastatic PCa, and it showed a good capability in distinguishing between the two groups. In total, 153 miRNA-205 targets were screened through the three aforementioned methods. Based on the results of functional enrichment analysis, the targets of miRNA-205 were mainly enriched during chromosome segregation and phospholipid-translocating ATPase activity and in the spindle microtubule and the p53 signaling pathway. CDK1 had the highest connectivity in the PPI network analysis and was screened as one of the hub genes. A statistically significant negative correlation between miRNA-205 and CDK1 was observed. The expression of CDK1 in PCa samples was pronouncedly upregulated in terms of both the mRNA level and the protein level when compared with noncancer samples. Conclusion. miRNA-205 may play a vital role in PCa tumorigenesis and bone metastasis by targeting CDK1.
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Jiang, Kaixiang, Zhe Yan, Wenjuan Fang, and Youqiang Zhang. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Tensile Behavior of Cellulose at Different Strain Rates." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2023 (April 13, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7890912.
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At present, most high-performance cellulose matrix composites only use cellulose as reinforcement material, which is an obstacle to maximize the advantages of nanocellulose in structure and properties. The development of new functional nanocomposites with cellulose as the main component can better meet people’s needs for high-performance and degradable composites, which requires a comprehensive and thorough understanding of cellulose. Considering the limitations of physical experiments, we performed molecular dynamics simulation of the uniaxial tensile behavior of the cellulose system at three different strain rates (10−4/ps, 10−5/ps, and 10−6/ps), and the stress-strain responses of cellulose systems at different strain rates are obtained. The effect of the strain rate on the mechanical properties of amorphous cellulose system during the tensile processes is analyzed. The deformation mechanism of cellulose amorphous system during the tensile processes is characterized by the energy changes of the different terms including dihedral angle torsion term, bond tensile term, angle bending term, and nonbond term. Structural evolution of the cellulose crystal system during the tensile processes is used to explain the failure mechanism of cellulose. The kinetic simulation results show that the mechanical properties of the cellulose amorphous system increase with the increase of strain rate. Compared with the strain rate of 10−5/ps, the elastic modulus of the system increases by 6.73 GPa at the strain rate 10−4/ps. During the tensile processes, cellulose amorphous region adapts to the applied load mainly through the stretching of the cellulose macromolecular chains, i.e., the deformation of bond lengths and bond angles, without any breakage of the molecular chains. The main causes of chain lengthening at different strain rates are different. The failure of cellulose is caused by the slip and rearrangement of some molecular chains in the crystal structure.
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Geng, Peng, Sergey Zybin, Saber Naserifar, and William A. Goddard. "Quantum mechanics based non-bonded force field functions for use in molecular dynamics simulations of materials and systems: The nitrogen and oxygen columns." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 16 (October 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0174188.
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Accurate Force Fields (FFs) are essential for Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of the dynamics of realistic materials in terms of atomic-level interactions. The FF parameters of short-range valence interactions can be derived through Quantum Mechanical (QM) calculations on model systems practical for QM (<300 atoms). Similarly, the dynamic electrostatic interactions can be described with methods such as QEq or PQEq that allow charges and polarization to adjust dynamically. However, accurately extracting long-range van der Waals (vdW) interactions from QM calculations poses challenges due to the absence of a definitive method to distinguish between the different energetic components of electrostatics, polarization, vdW, hydrogen bonding, and valence interactions. To do this we use the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof flavor of Density Functional Theory, including empirical D3 vdW corrections, to predict the Equation of State for each element (keeping any covalent bonds fixed), from which we obtain the two-body vdW nonbond potential. Here, we extend these calculations to include non-bonded parameters for the N and O columns of the periodic table so that we now describe columns 15 (N), 16 (O), 17 (F), and 18 (Ne) of the periodic table. For these 20 elements, we find that the two-body vdW potentials can all be mapped to a single universal two-body curve, with just three scaling parameters: Re, De, and L. We refer to this as the Universal NonBond (UNB) potential. We expect this to be useful for new MD simulations and a helpful starting point to obtain UNB parameters for the remainder of the periodic table.
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Lee, Byeongchan, and Kyeongjae Cho. "Atomistic Simulation Study of Controlled Nanostructure Patterning." MRS Proceedings 775 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-775-p9.27.
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AbstractWe investigate the surface kinetics of Pt using the extended embedded-atom method, an extension of the embedded-atom method with additional degrees of freedom to include the nonbulk data from lower-coordinated systems as well as the bulk properties. The surface energies of the clean Pt (111) and Pt (100) surfaces are found to be 0.13 eV and 0.147 eV respectively, in excellent agreement with experiment. The Pt on Pt (111) adatom diffusion barrier is found to be 0.38 eV and predicted to be strongly strain-dependent, indicating that, in the compressive domain, adatoms are unstable and the diffusion barrier is lower; the nucleation occurs in the tensile domain. In addition, the dissociation barrier from the dimer configuration is found to be 0.82 eV. Therefore, we expect that atoms, once coalesced, are unlikely to dissociate into single adatoms. This essentially tells that by changing the applied strain, we can control the patterning of nanostructures on the metal surface.
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Sakinah, Nailia Andriani, and Suherman Suherman. "PELAKSANAAN KONSEP RESTRUKTURISASI KREDIT PADA LEMBAGA BANK DAN NON BANK (STUDI PADA KCP BCA SYARIAH BOGOR DAN PT PEGADAIAN (PERSERO) BOGOR)." Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Bonum Commune, January 29, 2021, 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/jhbbc.v4i1.4452.
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AbstractThis study aims to identify and understand the implementation mechanism of the credit restructuring concept in Bank and Non-Bank Institutions. The study regarding the implementation of the credit restructuring concept in the two financial institutions has differences that will lead to legal problems which will be investigated by the author. The method used in this research is the normative juridical method focused on positive legal research studies based on regulations, journals, and books relating to loan restructuring. The results showed that there was credit restructuring due to the spread of Coronavirus Disease which causes economic activity in Indonesia to be hampered, making it difficult for debtors to pay credit to the two financial institutions. In the end, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) issued Regulation Number 11/POJK.03/2020 concerning the National Economic Stimulus as a Countercyclical Policy on the Impact of the Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 for Bank Institutions and Regulation of the Financial Services Authority of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14/POJK.05/2020 concerning Countercyclical Policy Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Spread for Nonbank Financial Services Institutions. Where the policies regarding credit restructuring in the two regulations create conflicts in implementation in Bank Institutions and Non-Bank Institutions because there are derivatives in the POJK, namely implementing regulations related to administrative costs set by creditors after receiving requests for credit restructuring against debtors.Keywords: banking; loan restructuring; non bankingAbstrakPenelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami mekanisme pelaksanaan konsep restrukturisasi kredit yang dilakukan di Lembaga Bank dan Lembaga Non Bank. Kajian mengenai pelaksanaan konsep restrukturisasi kredit di kedua lembaga keuangan tersebut memiliki perbedaan sehingga nantinya menimbulkan permasalahan hukum yang akan diteliti oleh penulis. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini ialah metode yuridis normatif yang difokuskan terhadap kajian penelitian hukum positif berdasarkan peraturan – peraturan, jurnal – jurnal, dan buku – buku yang berkenaan dengan restrukturisasi kredit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya restrukturisasi kredit dikarenakan terdapat penyebaran Coronavirus Disease yang menyebabkan aktivitas perekonomian di Indonesia menjadi terhambat sehingga membuat debitur kesulitan dalam membayar kredit kepada kedua lembaga keuangan tersebut. Pada akhirnya, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) mengeluarkan Peraturan Nomor 11/POJK.03/2020 mengenai Stimulus Perekonomian Nasional Sebagai Kebijakan Countercyclical Dampak Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease 2019 bagi Lembaga Bank serta Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 /POJK.05/2020 mengenai Kebijakan Countercyclical Dampak Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease 2019 Bagi Lembaga Jasa Keuangan Nonbank. Dimana kebijakan mengenai restruturisasi kredit dalam kedua regulasi tersebut menimbulkan perbedaan dalam pelaksanaan di Lembaga Bank dan Lembaga Non Bank dikarenakan terdapat turunan dalam POJK tersebut yakni peraturan pelaksanaan yang berkaitan dengan biaya administrasi yang ditetapkan kreditur setelah diterimanya permohonan restrukturisasi kredit terhadap debitur.
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Sukkanon, Chutipong, Rungarun Tisgratog, Vithee Muenworn, Michael J. Bangs, Jeffrey Hii, and Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap. "Field Evaluation of a Spatial Repellent Emanation Vest for Personal Protection Against Outdoor Biting Mosquitoes." Journal of Medical Entomology, October 20, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa213.
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Abstract Exophilic vectors are an important contributor to residual malaria transmission. Wearable spatial repellents (SR) can potentially provide personal protection in early evening hours before people retire indoors. An SR prototype for passive delivery of transfluthrin (TFT) for protecting humans against nocturnal mosquitoes in Kanchanaburi, western Thailand, is evaluated. A plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet (676 cm2) treated with 55-mg TFT (TFT-PET), attached to the back of short-sleeve vest worn by human collector, was evaluated under semifield and outdoor conditions. Field-caught, nonblood-fed female Anopheles minimus s.l. were released in a 40 m length, semifield screened enclosure. Two collectors positioned at opposite ends conducted 12-h human-landing collections (HLC). The outdoor experiment was conducted between treatments among four collectors at four equidistant positions who performed HLC. Both trials were conducted for 30 consecutive nights. TFT-PET provided 67% greater protection (P < 0.001) for 12 h compared with unprotected control, a threefold reduction in the attack. In outdoor trials, TFT-PET provided only 16% protection against An. harrisoni Harbach & Manguin (Diptera: Culicidae) compared with unprotected collector (P = 0.0213). The TFT-PET vest reduced nonanophelines landing by 1.4-fold compared with the PET control with a 29% protective efficacy. These findings suggest that TFT-PET had diminished protective efficacy in an open field environment. Nonetheless, the concept of a wearable TFT emanatory device has the potential for protecting against outdoor biting mosquitoes. Further development of portable SR tools is required, active ingredient selection and dose optimization, and more suitable device design and materials for advancing product feasibility.
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Francesco, Puleio, Cervino Gabriele, Luca Fiorillo, Miragliotta Giuseppe, Squillacioti Antonella, Bruno Giancarlo, Pinizzotto Mirta, João Paulo Mendes Tribst, and Roberto Lo Giudice. "The Use of Bulk Fill Resin-Based Composite in the Sealing of Cavity with Margins in Radicular Cementum." European Journal of Dentistry, September 10, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731834.
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AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if the newly introduced bulk fill resin-based composite provides a better marginal sealing in cavity preparations with margins in dental cementum. The population investigation comparison outcome (PICO) framework was: in cavity preparation with margins in dental cementum of human extracted teeth, do bulk fill resin base composites provide a better marginal sealing than non-bulk fill resin-based composites? We performed our research on April 21, 2020. Two authors independently evaluated the abstract and titles for eligibility criteria. Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias in single studies. After the initial screening of 400 abstract and titles, the full text of the articles, that could meet the eligibility criteria, were obtained via the university library. A total of 36 full-text articles were evaluated; 11 articles were finally eligible for the review. Eight studies showed statistically differences, but not significant, in the marginal sealing between bulk fill and nonbulk fill resin-based composite (p > 0.05). One study showed statistically significant differences: SonicFill and Grandio showed better marginal sealing than GrandioSo and SDR(r) (Sirona Dentsply, New York, United States) and the latter two showed better marginal sealing than Filtek Supreme (p < 0.05). One study showed statistically significant less marginal gap of SDR than Filtek Bulk Fill (p = 0.0015) and Filtek Supreme (p < 0.0001). One study showed SDR to have a significantly higher microleakage than the other materials tested (p < 0.05). Based on our current literature review, there are not enough data to establish if bulk fill resin base composite provides a better or a worse marginal sealing at cementum margins.
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Reeves, Carlton J., Arpith Siddaiah, and Pradeep L. Menezes. "Friction and Wear Behavior of Environmentally Friendly Ionic Liquids for Sustainability of Biolubricants." Journal of Tribology 141, no. 5 (March 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4042872.
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The sustainability of biolubricants as green alternatives for industrial and machinery lubrication is questionable due to their unreliable oxidative stability, high pour point, and easy accumulation of contaminants that affect their tribological performance. Bio-based ionic liquid (IL) lubricants, which are environmentally friendly liquid state salts, have overcome these concerns related to conventional biolubricants. The present study investigates the effect of varying cation–anion moieties in ILs to understand their tribological performance and industrial viability. The industrial viability was analyzed by scaling their friction and wear behaviors against conventional biolubricants, and petroleum-based oils. The study investigated both bio- and nonbio-based ILs. Among the ILs examined, P666,14Saccharinate, P666,14Salicyate, and P666,14Benzoate were found to have superior tribological properties. The presence of large alkyl cation chain length and large aromatic anion ring size in ILs can effectively reduce friction and wear. This study details the mechanism by which the structural combinations of anion and cation in ILs define the tribological behavior of the bulk IL. Additionally, this study also highlights the environmentally benign nature of IL lubricants for possible industrial applications.
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Syamsuir, Syamsuir. "LEMBAGA KEUANGAN ISLAM NON BANK." Islamika : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 15, no. 1 (August 17, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.32939/islamika.v15i1.43.
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Islamic financial Institutions is an important instrument in the development of Islamic economy, where societys or countries can not ignore the need to establish institutions. As from 1991, the existence of financial institutions Shari'ah Indonesia such Islamic bank (BMI and BPRS) is as an alternative to banking institutions that are free from the practice of development money. Similar practices is followed by the Shari'ah nonbank financial institutions like shariah BMT, Takaful insurance, Shariah saving and loan Unit (USPS) and cooperative Boarding (Kopotren). Cooperative is a form of Islamic teaching experience which has a principle of helping, cooperation, mutual help and mutual needs among members, therefore, the cooperative is in accordance with the teachings of Islam in order to improve the welfare of society. Understanding between insurance Shari'ah with conventional insurance is not much different, except that the difference lies in the operation, because the Shari'ah insurance is based on the operational principles of the Shari'ah of Islam with reference to the Qur'an and Sunnah. On the other hand, insurance Shari'ah known as takaful is a cooperative effort of mutual protection and help among members of the public in the face of catastrophe and disaster Lembaga keuangan syari’ah merupakan instrumen penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi Islam, dimana masyarakat atau negara tidak dapat mengabaikan kepentingan untuk mendirikan lembagalembaganya. Terhitung sejak tahun 1991, keberadaan lembaga-lembaga keuangan syari’ah Indonesia sejnis bank syari’ah (BMI dan BPRS) sebagai lembaga perbankan alternatif yang bebas dari praktek pembangunan uang. Praktek serupa diikuti pula oleh lembaga keuangan syari’ah non bank syaria’ah sejenis BMT, Asuransi Takaful, Unit Simpan Pinjam Syari’ah (USPS) dan koperasi Pondok Pesantren (Kopotren).Koperasi merupakan salah satu bentuk pengalaman ajaran Islam yang memiliki prinsip tolong menolong, kerjasama, saling membantu, serta saling memenuhi kebutuhan diantara sesama anggota, oleh karena itu koperasi sangat sesuai dengan ajaran Islam dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pengertian antara asuransi syari’ah dengan asuransi konvensional tidak jauh berbeda, hanya saja perbedaan itu terletak pada operasionalnya, karena asuransi syari’ah adalah asuransi yang prinsip operasionalnya didasarkan pada syari’at Islam dengan mengacu pada Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah.Di sisi lain, asuransi syari’ah yang dikenal dengan istilah takaful merupakan usaha kerja sama saling melindungi dan menolong antara anggota masyarakat dalam menghadapi malapetaka dan bencana.
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Kireyev, Yuriy, and Konstantin Berezhko. "Jehovah's Witnesses in the Modern World and Ukraine." Religious Freedom, no. 25 (January 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2020.25.2176.
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This article highlights the history of Jehovah's Witnesses as a Christian religion in Ukraine from its occurrence on the territory of Ukraine in the early 20th century to the present day. The response of the Witnesses to the massive attempts of the Nazi and Soviet regimes to marginalize and suppress their religious manifestations is described separately. In particular, the biblical nature and confessional content of one of the fundamental teachings of the Witnesses – neutrality – is analyzed and explained. It includes the information about what it means and what it does not mean for believers. This makes it possible to better understand the current display of the neutrality of the denomination members when it comes to compliance with certain requirements of the local government.
The growth statistics of the denomination members throughout history are given, which indicate the failed attempts of the totalitarian governments repressive system to eradicate the faith in the controlled territories.
For the first time, information is published from the memoirs of Witnesses who tried to obtain state registration in 1949 when under the communist regime and the reaction of the government officials to believers’ attempts to be recognized by the state and society.
There is a link between the recognition of the state through state registration and the increase of confessional activity, by which the Witnesses actually disprove the myths and labels produced and imposed on society by totalitarian regimes for decades. Emphasis is placed on the Witnesses’ current activities, which gives an idea of their attitude towards Ukrainian society and their role in strengthening and affirming Christian values among fellow citizens. Their publishing activity, evangelization work, religious and family values, public worship, educational programs, charitable and social work, attitude to representatives of other religions are analyzed.
The view of health care is particularly examined. It describes the principles of a reasonable balance that Witnesses follow between the right to make informed treatment choices (including the refusal to use blood) and the attitude toward life and health as one of the highest human values. The significant contribution of Jehovah's Witnesses to the development of alternative nonblood treatments in world medicine is acknowledged.
Therein are recorded the conclusions from numerous religious studies of Ukrainian and European institutions regarding the social and pedagogical value of materials published and distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses through their periodicals and official online resources.
The involvement of Jehovah's Witnesses in providing charitable assistance to civilians during the conflict in Donbas is highlighted. The activities of Jehovah's Witnesses in the context of their attitude to the culture, history, and traditions of the local people are considered. In particular, the part of the tourist program for fellow believers, who come from abroad to join in the ministry or assemblies, is to get familiar with Ukrainian monuments and the historical heritage. Witnesses publish and distribute Bible publications in 14 languages spoken by small indigenous communities in Ukraine.
The social significance of biblical teaching, which is meant to meet the spiritual needs of Ukrainians with hearing and visual impairments as well as those who currently remain in places of correctional centers is outlined.
For the first time, significant decisions of higher courts in Ukraine and other countries regarding Jehovah's Witnesses are considered. In recent years, the issues of military service and the right for alternative (non-military) service have been considered in higher domestic and foreign courts; denomination’s compliance with the requirements for the provision of state subsidies guaranteed to recognized religions; the right to build and use their places of worship, and proper assessment of religious hate crimes against Jehovah's Witnesses by law enforcement agencies. The decisions of the courts in the above-mentioned cases show that states consider Jehovah's Witnesses to be a recognized religion with the right to exercise freedom of conscience and religion.