Journal articles: 'Nonlinear optical properties (NLO)'

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Shi, Jia, Shifeng Feng, Peng He, Yulan Fu, and Xinping Zhang. "Nonlinear Optical Properties from Engineered 2D Materials." Molecules 28, no. 18 (September 21, 2023): 6737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186737.

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Two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic thickness, tunable light-matter interaction, and significant nonlinear susceptibility are emerging as potential candidates for new-generation optoelectronic devices. In this review, we briefly cover the recent research development of typical nonlinear optic (NLO) processes including second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), as well as two-photon photoluminescence (2PPL) of 2D materials. Nonlinear light-matter interaction in atomically thin 2D materials is important for both fundamental research and future optoelectronic devices. The NLO performance of 2D materials can be greatly modulated with methods such as carrier injection tuning, strain tuning, artificially stacking, as well as plasmonic resonant enhancement. This review will discuss various nonlinear optical processes and corresponding tuning methods and propose its potential NLO application of 2D materials.

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Zhou, Linlin, Huange Fu, Ting Lv, Chengbo Wang, Hui Gao, Daqian Li, Leimin Deng, and Wei Xiong. "Nonlinear Optical Characterization of 2D Materials." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112263.

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Characterizing the physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials is of great significance for performance analysis and functional device applications. As a powerful characterization method, nonlinear optics (NLO) spectroscopy has been widely used in the characterization of 2D materials. Here, we summarize the research progress of NLO in 2D materials characterization. First, we introduce the principles of NLO and common detection methods. Second, we introduce the recent research progress on the NLO characterization of several important properties of 2D materials, including the number of layers, crystal orientation, crystal phase, defects, chemical specificity, strain, chemical dynamics, and ultrafast dynamics of excitons and phonons, aiming to provide a comprehensive review on laser-based characterization for exploring 2D material properties. Finally, the future development trends, challenges of advanced equipment construction, and issues of signal modulation are discussed. In particular, we also discuss the machine learning and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) technologies which are expected to provide promising opportunities for 2D material characterization.

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Xia, Mingjun, Bo Xu, Lijuan Liu, Xiaoyang Wang, Rukang Li, and Chuangtian Chen. "Thermo-physical properties of nonlinear optical crystal K3B6O10Br." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 2 (March 8, 2016): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716001126.

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The thermo-physical properties of the nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal K3B6O10Br (KBB) were experimentally investigated, including specific heat, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and refractive index. The specific heat of KBB is lower than that of LiB3O5 and higher than that of other borate NLO crystals, such as β-BaB2O4, CsLiB6O10 and CsB3O5, and KBB manifests a high damage threshold because of its lower temperature gradient during laser pulse irradiation. The thermal expansion coefficients were obtained as α x = 5.09 × 10−6 K−1 and α z = 2.39 × 10−5 K−1, showing weaker anisotropy than those of commonly used NLO crystals. The temperature-dependent Sellmeier dispersion equations of the refractive indices were also obtained, and the phase-matching angles for second harmonic generation (SHG) at temperatures of 313, 343, 373, 403 and 433 K which were calculated from these equations are in good agreement with the experimental values. All results are indicative of the KBB crystal as a novel promising NLO crystal for high power SHG.

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Meredith, Gerald R. "Organic Materials for Nonlinear Optics." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 8 (August 1988): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400064642.

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were very exciting but speculative, being technologically feasible only if new classes of materials could be developed The subject of materials in nonlinear optics (NLO) encompasses a wide range of important topics. Today the line between materials and NLO processes has become fuzzy, particularly for newer NLO processes (e.g. photorefrac-tion, and optical bistability, logic and computing). For more established NLO processes (e.g., harmonic generation, parametric processes, linear electro-optic effect, etc.) the subjects are well studied and the importance of various materials properties on the NLO process are known, though these properties are not necessarily predictable, controllable, or optimized in current materials.A decade ago, having been introduced to NLO phenomena through postdoctoral research, I had an opportunity to define and pursue an NLO research program at Xerox's Webster Research Center. The question was posed: “Are new materials needed for NLO applications?” The answer must start with another question: “Which NLO process … with light of what wavelength, pulse duration, and power… and for what purpose?”It was clear that important limitations to many of the novel things one might do with optics were: insufficient nonlin-earity magnitude, inability to fabricate reliable device structures, occurrence of deleterious optical properties, and restrictions due to other material properties. The newer NLO phenomena. Use of older NLO processes in new technological applications seemed a more down-to-earth quest.

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SHIRK, JAMES S., J. R. LINDLE, F. J. BARTOLI, ZAKYA H. KAFAFI, ARTHUR W. SNOW, and MICHAEL E. BOYLE. "THIRD-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALLO-PHTHALOCYANINES." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 01, no. 04 (October 1992): 699–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199192000340.

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This paper discusses the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of metal-free, lead and transition metal phthalocyanines, as well as scandium, yttrium and lanthanide bisphthalocyanines measured by time-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing at 1064 nm. The study focuses on the structure-property relationships and explores the possible mechanisms leading to the enhanced third-order optical nonlinearity measured for this interesting class of NLO materials.

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Ali, Bakhat, Muhammad Khalid, Sumreen Asim, Muhammad Usman Khan, Zahid Iqbal, Ajaz Hussain, Riaz Hussain, et al. "Key Electronic, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Designed Disubstituted Quinoline with Carbazole Compounds." Molecules 26, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092760.

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Organic materials development, especially in terms of nonlinear optical (NLO) performance, has become progressively more significant owing to their rising and promising applications in potential photonic devices. Organic moieties such as carbazole and quinoline play a vital role in charge transfer applications in optoelectronics. This study reports and characterizes the donor–acceptor–donor–π–acceptor (D–A–D–π–A) configured novel designed compounds, namely, Q3D1–Q3D3, Q4D1–Q1D2, and Q5D1. We further analyze the structure–property relationship between the quinoline–carbazole compounds for which density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level to obtain the optimized geometries, natural bonding orbital (NBO), NLO analysis, electronic properties, and absorption spectra of all mentioned compounds. The computed values of λmax, 364, 360, and 361 nm for Q3, Q4, and Q5 show good agreement of their experimental values: 349, 347, and 323 nm, respectively. The designed compounds (Q3D1–Q5D1) exhibited a smaller energy gap with a maximum redshift than the reference molecules (Q3–Q5), which govern their promising NLO behavior. The NBO evaluation revealed that the extended hyperconjugation stabilizes these systems and caused a promising NLO response. The dipole polarizabilities and hyperpolarizability (β) values of Q3D1–Q3D3, Q4D1-Q1D2, and Q5D1 exceed those of the reference Q3, Q4, and Q5 molecules. These data suggest that the NLO active compounds, Q3D1–Q3D3, Q4D1–Q1D2, and Q5D1, may find their place in future hi-tech optical devices.

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Roy, Debi, Sk Md Arif, Swarnab Datta, and Manas Ghosh. "Tuning the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Quantum Dot by Noise-Anharmonicity Interaction." Atoms 10, no. 4 (October 25, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10040122.

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Current inspection rigorously explores the tuning of a few relevant nonlinear optical (NLO)properties of GaAs quantum dot (QD) under the stewardship of Gaussian noise-anharmonicity interplay. The NLO properties explored are total optical absorption coefficient (TOAC), total optical refractive index change (TORIC), nonlinear optical rectification (NOR), second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), DC-Kerr effect (DCKE), electro-absorption coefficient (EAC), group index (GI)and optical gain (OG). The route of application of noise (additive/multiplicative) to the QD, as well as the symmetry (odd/even) of the anharmonicity, influence the aforesaid NLO properties. These NLO properties exhibit steadfast growth, steadfast fall, maximization, minimization and saturation. The outcomes of the inspection appear to be quite pertinent in the context of the immense technological demand of QD, taking into account the combined impact of anharmonicity and noise.

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Ren, Can, and Ju-Guang Hu. "Wavelength-Dependent Nonlinear Optical Activities of Near-Infrared Boron-Dipyrromethene Derivatives." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 1274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3509.

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Near-infrared (NIR) organic dyes with strong ultrafast nonlinear optical (NLO) activities are important for various applications. However, the study of the wavelength-dependent NLO properties of NIR dyes is still ongoing. In this work, we present the first comparison of the NLO properties of two NIR boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives at different excitation wavelengths, in which strong electron-donating groups, namely 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl and 1-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline groups, are connected through the BODIPY cores. Results obtained from Z-scan experiments show that the two BODIPY derivatives exhibit strong saturable absorption and large modulation depth when excited by femtosecond pulses at 800 nm. With 1300 nm excitation, both derivatives exhibit strong nonlinear refraction. In addition, the derivatives also display effective two-photon action cross-sections in the wavelength range of 1200–1600 nm. They are potentially excellent nonlinear optical materials. This comprehensive comparison of the NLO properties of BODIPY derivatives can suggest new possibilities for the design and development of NIR NLO materials.

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Joshi, Bhawani Datt, and Manoj Kumar Chaudhary. "NBO, nonlinear optical and thermodynamic properties of 10-Acetyl-10H-phenothiazine 5-oxide." BIBECHANA 15 (December 19, 2017): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v15i0.18385.

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In this paper, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, nonlinear optical and the thermodynamic properties of 10-Acetyl-10H-phenothiazine 5-oxide have been analyzed by employing density functional theory level employing 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. NBO analysis reveals that the intra- intermolecular charge transfer occurs within the molecule leading to the stabilization. The predicted nonlinear optical properties (NLO) like; polarizability and first hyperpolarizabiliy support that the molecule could attract the interests for future investigation.BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 131-139

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Chazapis, Nikolaos, Michalis Stavrou, Georgia Papaparaskeva, Alexander Bunge, Rodica Turcu, Theodora Krasia-Christoforou, and Stelios Couris. "Iridium-Based Nanohybrids: Synthesis, Characterization, Optical Limiting, and Nonlinear Optical Properties." Nanomaterials 13, no. 14 (July 22, 2023): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142131.

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The present work reports on the synthesis and characterization of iridium (Ir)-based nanohybrids with variable chemical compositions. More specifically, highly stable polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanohybrids of the PVP-IrO2 and PVP-Ir/IrO2 types, as well as non-coated Ir/IrO2 nanoparticles, are synthesized using different synthetic protocols and characterized in terms of their chemical composition and morphology via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), respectively. Furthermore, their nonlinear optical (NLO) response and optical limiting (OL) efficiency are studied by means of the Z-scan technique, employing 4 ns laser pulses at 532 and 1064 nm. The results demonstrate that the PVP-Ir/IrO2 and Ir/IrO2 systems exhibit exceptional OL performance, while PVP-IrO2 presents very strong saturable absorption (SA) behavior, indicating that the present Ir-based nanohybrids could be strong competitors to other nanostructured materials for photonic and optoelectronic applications. In addition, the findings denote that the variation in the content of IrO2 nanoparticles by using different synthetic pathways significantly affects the NLO response of the studied Ir-based nanohybrids, suggesting that the choice of the appropriate synthetic method could lead to tailor-made NLO properties for specific applications in photonics and optoelectronics.

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Zhang, W., and P. S. Halasyamani. "Crystal growth and optical properties of a UV nonlinear optical material KSrCO3F." CrystEngComm 19, no. 32 (2017): 4742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ce01097d.

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DU, XIAOFENG, NANA MA, SHILING SUN, HAIMING XIE, and YONGQING QIU. "THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION ON PHOTOISOMERIZATION SWITCHABLE SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Λ-SHAPED DIARYLETHENE DERIVATIVES." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 12, no. 04 (June 2013): 1350029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633613500296.

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The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Λ-shaped diarylethene (DAE) derivatives 1a(b)–4a(b) and their NLO switching effects were studied by using the density functional theory (DFT) methods. The results demonstrate that all of the open-ring molecules and their own closed-ring forms meet the model of NLO switching tuned by photoisomerization. The βtot values of 1b–3b are 16 times as small as that of their open-ring forms, and βtot value of 4b is 4 times as large as that of 4a. The spin interactions of open-shell closed-ring molecules are larger than that of their open-ring forms, and it could increase the NLO responses to some degree. Nature bond orbital (NBO) calculations indicate that large charge differences between electron-deficient and electron-rich centers are beneficial to charge transfer (CT), and the overlap between frontier molecular orbital (FMO) is also advantageous to the CT and NLO responses. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations show βtot values of all molecules meet the two-level model very well, and the smaller the ΔE ge , the larger the βtot value.

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Singh, Radhakant, Prince, M. Zulfequar, S. Venugopal Rao, and Prabhat K. Dwivedi. "Solution phase driven As2S3 chalcogenide films: Optical and picosecond nonlinear optical properties." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 26, no. 03 (September 2017): 1750038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863517500382.

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We demonstrate the fabrication and nonlinear optical (NLO) characterization of chalcogenide glass thin films obtained from the solution phase driven approach. The characterization of the films was ahieved using FESEM, AFM, micro-Raman, FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, optical profilometry and XRD. The NLO studies were performed on the solution driven and thermally deposited As2S3 films with [Formula: see text]2[Formula: see text]ps, 800[Formula: see text]nm laser pulses using the Z-scan technique. The results obtained from AFM measurements demonstrated that the surface roughness of the film was considerably low ([Formula: see text]2[Formula: see text]nm) and Z-scan data indicated that the nonlinear refractive index was in the 1.0–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2/W range.

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Fang, Ming Feng, Chun Meng Pan, Chen Wang, and Guo Yuan Lu. "Synthesis and Optical Properties of Copolymeres Bisphenol A and D-Π-A Chromophores." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.292.

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A series of optical polymeres were prepared by a Mitsunobu reaction from the correspondingN,N-dihydroxyethyl D-π-A chromophores and bisphenol A, which is new main-chain copolymeres with good solubility in ordinary organic solvents. The linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated by UV spectra and NLO measurements. The results indicate that the films of copolymeres exhibit a higher macroscopic second nonlinear optical coefficient, thermal stability and good optical transparency.

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Krishna, Narra Vamsi, Puliparambil Thilakan Anusha, S. Venugopal Rao, and L. Giribabu. "Optical, electrochemical and third-order nonlinear optical studies of triphenylamine substituted zinc phthalocyanine." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 20, no. 08n11 (August 2016): 1173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424616500838.

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Zinc phthalocyanine possessing triphenylamine at its peripheral position has been synthesized and its optical, emission, electrochemical and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated. Soret band was broadened due to the presence of triphenylamine moiety. Electrochemical properties indicated that both oxidation and reduction processes were ring centered. Emission spectra were recorded in different solvents and the fluorescence yields obtained were in the range of 0.02–0.17 while the time-resolved fluorescence data revealed radiative lifetimes of typically few ns. Third-order NLO properties of this molecule have been examined using the Z-scan technique with picosecond (ps) and femtoseocnd (fs) pulses. Closed and open aperture Z-scan data were recorded with 2 ps/1 50 fs laser pulses at a wavelength of 800 nm and NLO coefficients were extracted from both the data. Our data clearly suggests the potential of this molecule for photonics applications.

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Zaręba, Jan K., Marcin Nyk, and Marek Samoć. "Nonlinear Optical Pigments. Two-Photon Absorption in Crosslinked Conjugated Polymers and Prospects for Remote Nonlinear Optical Thermometry." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081670.

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Nonlinear optical (NLO) pigments are compounds insoluble in solvents that exhibit phenomena related to nonlinear optical susceptibilities (χ(n) where n = 2,3,...), e.g., two-photon absorption (2PA) which is related to the imaginary part of χ(3). Determination of spectrally-resolved 2PA properties for NLO pigments of macromolecular nature, such as coordination polymers or crosslinked polymers, has long been a challenging issue due to their particulate form, precluding characterizations with standard techniques such as Z-scan. In this contribution, we investigate thus far unknown spectrally-resolved 2PA properties of a new subclass of NLO pigments—crosslinked conjugated polymers. The studied compounds are built up from electron-donating (triphenylamine) and electron-withdrawing (2,2’-bipyridine) structural fragments joined by vinylene (Pol1) or vinyl(4-ethynylphenyl) (Pol2) aromatic bridges. 2PA properties of these polymers have been characterized in broad spectral range by specially modified two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) techniques: solid state TPEF (SSTPEF) and internal standard TPEF (ISTPEF). The impact of self-aggregation of aromatic backbones on the 2PA properties of the polymers has been evaluated through extended comparisons of NLO parameters, i.e., 2PA cross sections (σ2) and molar-mass normalized 2PA merit factors (σ2/M) with those of small-molecular model compounds: Mod1 and Mod2. By doing this, we found that the 2PA response of Pol1 and Pol2 is improved 2–3 times versus respective model compounds in the solid state form. Further comparisons with 2PA results collected for diluted solutions of Mod1 and Mod2 supports the notion that self-aggregated structure contributes to the observed enhancement of 2PA response. On the other hand, it is clear that Pol1 and Pol2 suffer from aggregation-caused quenching phenomenon, well reflected in time-resolved fluorescence properties as well as in relatively low values of quantum yield of fluorescence. Accordingly, despite improved intrinsic 2PA response, the effective intensity of two-photon excited emission for Pol1 and Pol2 is slightly lower relative to Mod1 and Mod2. Finally, we explore temperature-resolved luminescence properties under one- (377 nm), two- (820 nm), and three-photon excitation (1020 nm) conditions of postsynthetically Eu3+-functionalized material, Pol1-Eu, and discuss its suitability for temperature sensing applications.

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Liu, Xiao-Yun, Zhi-Yuan Shi, Jin-Ting Ye, Hui-Ying Wang, Hong-Qiang Wang, and Yong-Qing Qiu. "Switchable second-order nonlinear optical response of platinum-sensitized dithienylethenes." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 18, no. 04 (June 2019): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633619500226.

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The electronic structure and the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of platinum-sensitized dithienylethenes (DTEs) were investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. DFT calculations reveal that the second-order NLO properties of complexes significantly increase with the DTE ligand being directly linked with terpyridine–Pt(II) complexes. Due to the good [Formula: see text]-conjugated characteristics, closed-ring complexes possess much larger second-order NLO properties than the corresponding open-ring complexes. The computational [Formula: see text] values are in the order of 3c ([Formula: see text] esu) [Formula: see text] 3o ([Formula: see text] esu) [Formula: see text] 4c ([Formula: see text] esu) [Formula: see text] 4o ([Formula: see text] esu) [Formula: see text] 1 ([Formula: see text] esu) [Formula: see text] 2c ([Formula: see text] esu) [Formula: see text] 2o ([Formula: see text] esu). Among all calculated platinum-sensitized dithienylethenes, 3c has the largest second-order NLO properties. The 4c and 4o have almost the same [Formula: see text] values and the [Formula: see text] value of 4o is slightly larger than that of 2o because the ether bonds can significantly prevent charge transfer within the complexes.

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Philip, Reji, C. S. Suchand Sandeep, R. Seema, Shiji Krishnan, Panit Chantharasupawong, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, and Jayan Thomas. "Applications of Oxide Nanomaterials in Nonlinear Optics." MRS Proceedings 1454 (2012): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1229.

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ABSTRACTNonlinear optical effects are revealed when strong light fields interact with matter. It has been shown that nanomaterials exhibit properties which are very different from the bulk, and in many cases, the nonlinear optical (NLO) efficiency of nanomaterials is found to be higher in comparison. Recently there has been substantial interest in developing novel NLO media for various applications. Even though several organic as well as inorganic materials have been studied in this connection, only a limited number of NLO reports exist for oxide nanomaterials. Therefore, in this paper we present results of NLO measurements recently conducted in our laboratory in three different oxide nanosystems. It is found that oxide nanomaterials are generally robust, and exhibit good NLO efficiencies, which make them potential candidates for photonic and optoelectronic applications.

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Li, Jiangting, Yufeng Peng, Xueyun Han, Shaoshuai Guo, Kunning Liang, and Minggao Zhang. "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin in Aqueous Solution." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 15, no. 1_suppl (June 16, 2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000350.

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Background Sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), as one of the derivatives of chlorophyll – with its inherent green features; good stability for heat, light, acids and alkalies; unique antimicrobial capability; and particular deodorization performance – is widely applied in some fields such as the food industry, medicine and health care, daily cosmetic industry etc. SCC, as one of the metal porphyrins, has attracted much attention because of its unique electronic band structure and photon conversion performance. To promote the application of SCC in materials science; energy research and photonics, such as fast optical communications; and its use in nonlinear optical materials, solar photovoltaic cells, all-optical switches, optical limiters and saturable absorbers, great efforts should be dedicated to studying its nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Methods In this study, the absorption spectra and NLO properties of SCC in aqueous solution at different concentrations were measured. The Z-scan technique was used to determine NLO properties. Results The results indicated that the absorption spectra of SCC exhibit 2 characteristic absorption peaks located at the wavelengths 405 and 630 nm, and the values of the peaks increase with increasing SCC concentration. The results also showed that SCC exhibits reverse saturation absorption and negative nonlinear refraction (self-defocusing). Conclusions It can be seen that SCC has good optical nonlinearity which will be convenient for applications in materials science, energy research and photonics.

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Popov, Alexander K., Mikhail I. Shalaev, Vitaly V. Slabko, Sergey A. Myslivets, and Igor S. Nefedov. "Nonlinear Backward-Wave Photonic Metamaterials." Advances in Science and Technology 77 (September 2012): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.77.246.

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Novel concepts of nonlinear-optical (NLO) photonic metamaterial are proposed. They concern photonic materials that support backward electromagnetic or vibration waves (BWs) and provide coherent nonlinear-optical energy exchange between ordinary and BWs as applied to three- and four-wave mixing processes. Three different classes of materials which support BWs are considered: plasmonic negative-index (NI) metamaterials (NIMs), metamaterials with specially engineered spatial dispersion of the nanoscopic building blocks, such as standing carbon nanotubes, and crystals that support optical phonons with negative group velocity. The possibility to exploit ordinary crystals instead of plasmonic NLO metamaterials that are very challenging to engineer is proposed. It is shown that extraordinary nonlinear optical frequency-conversion propagation processes attributed to NIMs can be mimicked in the proposed metamaterials. It is also shown that the detrimental effects of strong losses can be mitigated in the short-pulse regimes, which exhibit exotic properties when ordinary and BWs are involved in the NLO coupling. Comparative review of unparallel properties of coherent energy exchange between ordinary and backward electromagnetic waves in NIMs and between ordinary electromagnetic waves coupled through backward vibration waves is given. Unique photonic devices are proposed.

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Zahid, Saba, Alvina Rasool, Ali Raza Ayub, Khurshid Ayub, Javed Iqbal, M. S. Al-Buriahi, Norah Alwadai, and H. H. Somaily. "Silver cluster doped graphyne (GY) with outstanding non-linear optical properties." RSC Advances 12, no. 9 (2022): 5466–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra08117a.

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Liu, Lung-Chang, Chia-Hon Tai, Andrew Teh Hu, and Tai-Huei Wei. "Nonlinear optical properties of lutetium bisphthalocyanine and its application for an optical switch." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 08, no. 07 (July 2004): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424604000349.

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The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of lanthanide bisphthalocyanine (Lu(TBPc)Pc), including first hyperpolarizability, second hyperpolarizability and reverse saturable absorption (RSA), have been investigated. Furthermore, Lu(TBPc)Pc has also been applied for optical switch based on its RSA performance.

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Khalid, Muhammad, Muhammad Usman Khan, Iqra Shafiq, Riaz Hussain, Akbar Ali, Muhammad Imran, Ataualpa A. C. Braga, Muhammad Fayyaz ur Rehman, and Muhammad Safwan Akram. "Structural modulation of π-conjugated linkers in D–π–A dyes based on triphenylamine dicyanovinylene framework to explore the NLO properties." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 8 (August 2021): 210570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210570.

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A donor–π–acceptor type series of Triphenylamine–dicyanovinylene-based chromophores ( DPMN1–DPMN11 ) was designed theoretically by the structural tailoring of π-linkers of experimentally synthesized molecules DTTh and DTTz to exploit changes in the optical properties and their nonlinear optical materials (NLO) behaviour. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were employed to understand the electronic structures, absorption spectra, charge transfer phenomena and the influence of these structural modifications on NLO properties. Interestingly, all investigated chromophores exhibited lower band gap (2.22–2.60 eV) with broad absorption spectra in the visible region, reflecting the remarkable NLO response. Furthermore, natural bond orbital (NBO) findings revealed a strong push–pull mechanism in DPMN1–DPMN11 as donor and π-conjugates exhibited positive, while all acceptors showed negative values. Examination of electronic transitions from donor to acceptor moieties via π-conjugated linkers revealed greater linear (〈 α 〉 = 526.536–641.756 a.u.) and nonlinear ( β tot = 51 313.8–314 412.661 a.u.) response. It was noted that the chromophores containing imidazole in the second p-linker expressed greater hyperpolarizability when compared with the ones containing pyrrole. This study reveals that by controlling the type of π-spacers, interesting metal-free NLO materials can be designed, which can be valuable for the hi-tech NLO applications.

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Otero, Nicolás, Claude Pouchan, and Panaghiotis Karamanis. "Quadratic nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of borazino (B3N3)-doped nanographenes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 32 (2017): 8273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01963g.

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Bera, Aindrila, Surajit Saha, Jayanta Ganguly, and Manas Ghosh. "Influence of Hermanson's Dielectric Screening Function on the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Impurity Doped Quantum Dots in Presence of Gaussian White Noise." Journal of Advanced Physics 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jap.2017.1305.

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We study the modulation of various nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of impurity doped quantum dot (QD) under the influence of position-dependent dielectric screening function (PDDSF) in presence and absence of noise. The NLO properties include total optical absorption coefficient (TOAC), total refractive index change (TRIC), nonlinear optical rectification (NOR), second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG). The profiles of above NLO properties have been analysed as a function of incident photon energy using both static dielectric constant (SDC) and PDDSF. Noise function assumes a Gaussian distribution and applied to the system additively as well as multiplicatively. Critical comparison among the profiles of above NLO properties using SDC and PDDSF has been conducted to realize the role of the latter. In addition, the role of mode of application of noise (additive/multiplicative) on the said profiles has also been explored. The profiles are found to display shift of peak position, amplification, diminish, and maximization of peak values under different conditions. The observations reveal subtle interplay between noise and PDDSF in tailoring the intricate features of various NLO properties and bear importance in the related field of research.

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Kukkonen, Esa, Elmeri Lahtinen, Pasi Myllyperkiö, Matti Haukka, and Jari Konu. "Nonlinear optical properties of diaromatic stilbene, butadiene and thiophene derivatives." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 15 (2021): 6640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj00456e.

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Jiang, Xingxing, Lei Kang, Siyang Luo, Pifu Gong, Ming-Hsien Lee, and Zheshuai Lin. "Development of nonlinear optical materials promoted by density functional theory simulations." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 27 (October 30, 2014): 1430018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214300187.

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Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are very important optoelectronic functional materials and their developments have significantly contributed to the progress of laser science and technology for decades. In order to explore new NLO crystals with superior performances, it is greatly desirable to understand the intrinsic relationship between the macroscopic optical properties and microscopic structural features in crystals. In this paper, the applications of density functional theory (DFT) method to the elucidation of the structure-property relationship and to the exploration on novel NLO materials in the ultraviolet and infrared spectrum regions are reviewed. The great success in the linear and NLO property predictions has been achieved using the first-principles computational simulations, and the mechanism understanding obtained by various analysis tools can give substantial guidance to the search and design of new NLO crystals.

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Marinescu, Maria, Ludmila-Otilia Cinteza, George Iuliu Marton, and Iulian Ionita. "Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Studies, and NLO Properties of Some Benzimidazole Compounds." Proceedings 29, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019029017.

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Sigmundová, Ivica, Pavol Zahradník, and Dušan Loos. "Synthesis and Study of Novel Benzothiazole Derivatives with Potential Nonlinear Optical Properties." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 72, no. 8 (2007): 1069–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20071069.

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The synthesis of new benzothiazole push-pull systems as candidates for NLO-phores is described. Spectral (UV/VIS and solvatochromic) and theoretical studies (electronic properties based on semiempirical AM1 and PM3 methods) of the prepared compounds were carried out. The structure and physico-chemical parameters affecting the push-pull character and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) of the studied compounds have been investigated and compounds with enhanced hyperpolarizability β have been predicted. The benzothiazolium salts were found to be much more effective NLO-phores in comparison with the corresponding neutral benzothiazoles. The 4-NPh2 group is the most effective donor. The extension of conjugated bridge improves the studied NLO characteristics. An additional acceptor group bonded to the heterocycle causes a red shift of λmax but does not increase hyperpolarizability.

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Zainuri, Dian Alwani, Mundzir Abdullah, Muhamad Fikri Zaini, Hazri Bakhtiar, Suhana Arshad, and Ibrahim Abdul Razak. "Fused ring effect on optical nonlinearity and structure property relationship of anthracenyl chalcone based push-pull chromophores." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 28, 2021): e0257808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257808.

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The Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra indicate that anthracenyl chalcones (ACs) have high maximum wavelengths and good transparency windows for optical applications and are suitable for optoelectronic applications owing to their HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (2.93 and 2.76 eV). Different donor substituents on the AC affect their dipole moments and nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. The positive, negative, and neutral electrostatic potential regions of the molecules were identified using molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). The stability of the molecule on account of hyperconjugative interactions and accompanying charge delocalization was analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Open and closed aperture Z-scans were performed using a continuous-wave frequency-doubled diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser to measure the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive index coefficients, respectively. The valley-to-peak profile of AC indicated a negative nonlinear refractive index coefficient. The obtained single crystals possess reverse saturation absorption due to excited-state absorption. The structural and nonlinear optical properties of the molecules have been discussed, along with the role of anthracene substitution for enhancing the nonlinear optical properties. The calculated third-order susceptibility value was 1.10 x10-4 esu at an intensity of 4.1 kW/cm2, higher than the reported values for related chalcone derivatives. The NLO response for both ACs offers excellent potential in optical switching and limiting applications.

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Tang, Jie, Feng Zhang, Feng Zhou, Xian Tang, Xiaoyu Dai, and Shunbin Lu. "Broadband nonlinear optical response in GeSe nanoplates and its applications in all-optical diode." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (March 9, 2020): 2007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0531.

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AbstractGermanium selenide nanoplates (GeSe NPs) are considered to have broadband nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and great potential for applications in nanophotonic devices. In this work, we systematically studied the NLO response of GeSe NPs by the open-aperture Z-scan technique. GeSe NPs exhibit strong saturable absorption at wavelengths of 400, 800, and 1064 nm with different pulse durations. Furthermore, we investigated the excited carrier dynamics of GeSe NPs by the non-degenerate pump-probe technique. The fast and slow relaxation times at different wavelengths of 800, 871, 1064, and 1100 nm were components with lifetimes of about 0.54–1.08 and 52.4–167.2 ps, respectively. The significant ultrafast NLO properties of GeSe NPs imply their potential in the development of nanophotonic devices. Here, we designed and fabricated the all-optical diode by means of the GeSe/C60 tandem structure and demonstrated that the saturable absorption behavior of GeSe NPs can be used to fabricate a photonic diode, which exhibits nonreciprocal transmission of light similar to that of an electron diode.

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West, Anna-Kay, Lukas J. Kaylor, Mahamud Subir, and Sundeep Rayat. "Synthesis, photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of push–pull tetrazoles." RSC Advances 12, no. 34 (2022): 22331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra04307f.

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ZHOU, TAO-YU, HUI WANG, XIAO-PING KANG, and XIN-QUAN XIN. "ROOM-TEMPERATURE SOLID-STATE REACTION TO TREE-LIKE FRACTAL NANO-CdS AND THIRD-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES." Nano 08, no. 04 (July 17, 2013): 1350035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292013500355.

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A novel tree-like nano-cadmium sulfide (CdS) with the fractal feature is synthesized by solid-state reaction at room temperature from complex precursor with aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP) as ligand. The obtained sample is the crystalline cubic beta cadmium sulfide. The tree is composed of nanorods with an average diameter of ca. 95 nm and a length of up to 100–650 nm. The nanorods grow in the asymmetrical "Y" shape. The amount of ATMP plays an important role in the formation of fractal structure. Nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements by the Z-scan technique exhibit that the tree-like fractal nano- CdS has the third-order nonlinear optical properties of both NLO absorption and NLO refraction with self-focusing effect and the optical limiting performance.

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Mostaghni, Fatemeh. "4-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)phenol: Synthesis and Estimation of Nonlinear Optical Properties using Z-Scan Technique and Quantum Mechanical Calculations." Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2020.6299.

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In this study, 4-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl) phenol is successfully synthesized, and its nonlinear optical properties (NLO) are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Theoretical investigations have been done by using TDDFT and B3LYP functional with usual 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. The results of HOMO-LUMO and NBO analysis show the low energy gap, high total dipole moment, and hyperpolarizabilities (β, γ) as well as the presence of dipolar excited states with relatively significant dipole-moment changes which are linked to the nonlinearity. The z-scan technique confirmed the NLO properties of title compound. The nonlinear absorption coefficient, refractive index, and third-order susceptibility were found to be 4.044 × 10−1 cmW−1, 2.89 × 10−6 cm2W−1 and 2.2627 × 10−6 esu, respectively. The negative sign of n2 indicated the occurrence of self-defocusing nonlinearity. The results show that the title compound can been used as potential NLO material.

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Azaid, A., T. Abram, R. Kacimi, M. Raftani, Y. Khaddam, D. Nebbach, A. Sbai, T. Lakhlifi, and M. Bouachrine. "Nonlinear optical response of D-π-A chromophores based on benzoxazin: quantum modification of π‑spacer." Current Chemistry Letters 11, no. 3 (2022): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2022.3.001.

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In this research article, four chromophores based on benzoxazine as the electron donor and tricyanovinyl dihydrofuran (TCF) as the electron acceptor have been designed to investigate the nonlinear optical (NLO) response. The geometric and electronic structures, absorption spectra, NBO analysis, and nonlinear optical response have been calculated by employing density functional theory (DFT) at PBEPBE/6-31G (d,p). The new design of chromophores has been proposed by the structural modification of π-spacers/conjugated systems. The DFT and TD−DFT computations at CAM−B3LYP/6−31G (d,p) have been performed to shed light on the influences of structural modification on the NLO properties. The absorption wavelength in different organic solvents, polarizability (α), and hyperpolarizability (β) are all determined. A strong NLO response indicates that this family of organic compounds with a D-π-A structure exhibits large first hyperpolarizability βtot values, these values are much greater than ones of urea. This theoretical model may be used to design other chromophores for usage in electro-optics.

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Kimiagar, Salimeh, and Fahimeh Abrinaei. "Effect of temperature on the structural, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of MgO-doped graphene oxide nanocomposites." Nanophotonics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0030.

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AbstractMagnesium oxide (MgO)-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites were prepared by the hydrothermal method at different temperatures. The effect of growth temperature on the structural, linear, and nonlinear optical (NLO) parameters was investigated. The decoration of MgO on GO sheets was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy analyses. The energy band-gaps of MgO-GO nanocomposites were calculated from UV-vis spectrum using Tauc plot. The NLO parameters of MgO-GO nanocomposites were calculated for the first time by the simple Z-scan technique with nanosecond Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. The nonlinear absorption coefficient β and nonlinear refractive index n2 for MgO-GO nanocomposites at the laser intensity of 1.1×108 W/cm2 were measured to be in the order of 10−7 cm/W and 10−12 cm2/W, respectively. The third-order NLO susceptibility of MgO-GO nanocomposites was measured in the order of 10−9 esu. The results showed that MgO-GO structures have negative nonlinearity as well as good nonlinear two-photon absorption at 532 nm. Furthermore, the NLO parameters increased by the enhancement of the growth temperature. As the investigation of new materials plays an important role in the advancement of optoelectronics, MgO-GO nanocomposites possess potential applications in NLO devices.

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Polo-Cuadrado, Efraín, Edison Osorio, Karen Acosta-Quiroga, Paola Andrea Camargo-Ayala, Iván Brito, Jany Rodriguez, Joel B. Alderete, Oscar Forero-Doria, Edgard Fabián Blanco-Acuña, and Margarita Gutiérrez. "Nonlinear optical and spectroscopic properties, thermal analysis, and hemolytic capacity evaluation of quinoline-1,3-benzodioxole chalcone." RSC Advances 14, no. 15 (2024): 10199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra00820k.

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This article details the synthesis, full characterization, optical properties, theoretical analysis, evaluation of nonlinear optical properties (NLO), and determination of the hemolytic capacity of quinoline-1,3-benzodioxole chalcone(5).

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Li, Shihang, and Lei Kang. "Nitride Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for UV Nonlinear Optics." Crystals 13, no. 11 (October 26, 2023): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13111536.

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Nitride wide-bandgap semiconductors possess a wide tunable energy bandgap and abundant coordination anionic groups. This suggests their potential to display nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in the UV wavelength spectrum. This paper reports recent progress and material discoveries in exploring UV NLO structures using nitrides. The study emphasizes their underlying structure–property correlations in order to provide a summary of the potential performance and application value of important nitride NLO crystals. Additionally, the text underscores the benefits of nitrides in terms of optical transparency, second-harmonic-generation effects, and the birefringent phase matching the output wavelength limits, while addressing current issues in terms of theoretical outlook and experimental exploration.

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Bai, Liang, Shi Qiao, Yu Fang, Jianguo Tian, J. Mcleod, Yinglin Song, Hui Huang, Yang Liu, and Zhenhui Kang. "Third-order nonlinear optical properties of carboxyl group dominant carbon nanodots." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 36 (2016): 8490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc02313d.

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Karthika, P. C., K. Mani Rahulan, Manickam Sasidharan, G. Vinitha, R. Seema, S. Vivekananthan, and Ahmad Umar. "Investigation of the Photoluminescence and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ce2O3–TiO2 Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 5201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19338.

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This paper reports the photoluminescence and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Ce2O3–TiO2 nanocomposites synthesized via sol–gel process with different concentrations of cerium. The physical characterization studies by means of XRD indicated for the successful incorporation of Ce into the lattice of TiO2, while the UV-visible spectra for an absorption edge shift of TiO2 to the higher wavelength side following the Ce addition, and FESEM analysis for the morphology and particles sizes of the synthesized materials. On testing of the photoluminescence properties recorded through time-resolved fluorescence (TCSPC) technique, a decrease in the intensity of TiO2 with that of increased Ce concentration was observed and is due to an escalation in the number of oxygen vacancies. Further, the observation NLO properties for Ce2O3–TiO2 was done by a Z-scan technique of 5ns continuous wave (cw) laser at 532 nm, where the involvement of active mechanisms in the nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption are due to the saturable absorption (SA) and nonlinear thermal effects.

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Gomes, Anderson S. L., Cecília L. A. V. Campos, Cid B. de Araújo, Melissa Maldonado, Manoel L. da Silva-Neto, Ali M. Jawaid, Robert Busch, and Richard A. Vaia. "Intensity-Dependent Optical Response of 2D LTMDs Suspensions: From Thermal to Electronic Nonlinearities." Nanomaterials 13, no. 15 (August 7, 2023): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13152267.

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The nonlinear optical (NLO) response of photonic materials plays an important role in the understanding of light–matter interaction as well as pointing out a diversity of photonic and optoelectronic applications. Among the recently studied materials, 2D-LTMDs (bi-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides) have appeared as a beyond-graphene nanomaterial with semiconducting and metallic optical properties. In this article, we review most of our work in studies of the NLO response of a series of 2D-LTMDs nanomaterials in suspension, using six different NLO techniques, namely hyper Rayleigh scattering, Z-scan, photoacoustic Z-scan, optical Kerr gate, and spatial self-phase modulation, besides the Fourier transform nonlinear optics technique, to infer the nonlinear optical response of semiconducting MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, semimetallic WTe2, ZrTe2, and metallic NbS2 and NbSe2. The nonlinear optical response from a thermal to non-thermal origin was studied, and the nonlinear refraction index and nonlinear absorption coefficient, where present, were measured. Theoretical support was given to explain the origin of the nonlinear responses, which is very dependent on the spectro-temporal regime of the optical source employed in the studies.

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Ahmadi, Nader, Reza Kheradmand, and Esra Kavaz. "Absorption and order parameter dependency to temperature and poling field in polymer-dye films oriented by corona poling." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 27, no. 02 (June 2018): 1850024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863518500248.

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Second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) effects can be observed in materials with noncentro symmetric structures. In order to achieve such structure in the initially isotropic-doped polymer films, they were aligned in an electric field during heating up to the glass transition temperature. In this experimental work, we studied the NLO thin film properties of azo dye as guest molecules oriented in a polymer host by corona-onset poling. Also, the orientational order of nonlinear molecules is measured. We have shown that corona-onset poling at elevated temperature (COPET) is effective in orienting optically nonlinear guest molecules in a host polymer.

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Bahari, H. S., Z. Dehghani, E. Saievar-Iranizad, M. Molaei, and M. H. Majles Ara. "Synthesis and Investigation of the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Alloyed CdSe0.3Te0.7Nanocrystals." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 01 (February 2014): 1450007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14500070.

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Alloyed CdSe 0.3 Te 0.7nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared by a thermochemical method using Thioglycolic acid (TGA) as a capping agent molecule. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated hexagonal phase NCs with an average size of around 2.5 nm. Synthesized NCs indicated a narrow band emission with a peak located at 561 nm. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the CdSe 0.3 Te 0.7NCs have been investigated by z-scan technique using Continuum Wave H e– Ne laser. The nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refraction index were obtained in the order of 10-2 and 10-8, respectively. The results revealed that these NCs exhibit strong NLO properties effects such as self-defocusing and two photons absorption.

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Hu, Yang-Yang, Wei-Qi Li, Li Yang, Ji-Kang Feng, and Wei Quan Tian. "Electronic properties and nonlinear optical responses of boron/nitrogen-doped zigzag graphene nanoribbons." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 7 (July 2016): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0037.

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The electronic properties and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of B/N-doped zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) have been investigated using quantum chemistry methods. The electron-deficient B atoms prefer to form π-conjugation with the C atoms nearby along the B-doped zigzag edge. On the other hand, the electron-rich N atoms with radical characteristics weaken the conjugated bonding effects in the N-doped ZGNR. The NLO response of the ZGNR is enhanced by doping only one zigzag edge with B or N atoms. The conjugated B-doped zigzag edge takes the role of electron donor, while the N-doped zigzag edge serves as electron acceptor, giving rise to the discordant impact on the second-order NLO response of the BN-doped ZGNR.

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Amber, Zeeshan H., Kai J. Spychala, Lukas M. Eng, and Michael Rüsing. "Nonlinear optical interactions in focused beams and nanosized structures." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 21 (December 7, 2022): 213102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0125926.

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Thin-film materials from [Formula: see text]m thickness down to single-atomic-layered 2D materials play a central role in many novel electronic and optical applications. Coherent, nonlinear optical (NLO) [Formula: see text]-spectroscopy offers insight into the local thickness, stacking order, symmetry, or electronic and vibrational properties. Thin films and 2D materials are usually supported on multi-layered substrates leading to (multi-)reflections, interference, or phase jumps at interfaces during [Formula: see text]-spectroscopy, which all can make the interpretation of experiments particularly challenging. The disentanglement of the influence parameters can be achieved via rigorous theoretical analysis. In this work, we compare two self-developed modeling approaches, a semi-analytical and a fully vectorial model, to experiments carried out in thin-film geometry for two archetypal NLO processes, second-harmonic and third-harmonic generation. In particular, we demonstrate that thin-film interference and phase matching do heavily influence the signal strength. Furthermore, we work out key differences between three and four photon processes, such as the role of the Gouy-phase shift and the focal position. Last, we can show that a relatively simple semi-analytical model, despite its limitations, is able to accurately describe experiments at a significantly lower computational cost as compared to a full vectorial modeling. This study lays the groundwork for performing quantitative NLO [Formula: see text]-spectroscopy on thin films and 2D materials, as it identifies and quantifies the impact of the corresponding sample and setup parameters on the NLO signal, in order to distinguish them from genuine material properties.

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Kityk, Ivan V. "Band energy approach and nonlinear optical phenomena in large-sized nanoparticles." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 4 (December 30, 2006): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2006.4.388.

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This report presents principal optical properties of semiconducting large-sized nanocrystalline (LSNC) material with thickness within 10–50 nm range. A quantitative parameter for description of the LSNC state is introduced. Influence of the surrounding polymer matrices on the properties of the LSNC is shown. Role of the surrounding polymer matrix background in the manifestation of material optoelectronic properties is studied. Superposition of long-range ordering with the localized nano-quantized effects is analyzed within a framework of different one-electron band energy approaches. Manifestation of the LSNC nonlinear optical (NLO) properties will be presented separately. It is clearly demonstrated that appropriate choice of LSNC geometry parameters together with proper modification of chemical composition could enhance the key NLO parameters.

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Limosani, Francesca, Francesca Tessore, Gabriele Di Carlo, Alessandra Forni, and Pietro Tagliatesta. "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Porphyrin, Fullerene and Ferrocene Hybrid Materials." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 4404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164404.

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In this research, we investigated the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of multicomponent hybrid materials formed by meso-tetraphenylporphyrin P (both as free base and ZnII complex), carrying in 2 or 2,12 β-pyrrolic position an electron donor ferrocene (Fc), and/or an electron acceptor fullerene (C60) moiety, connected to the porphyrin core via an ethynyl or an ethynylphenyl spacer. We measured the NLO response by the electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH) technique in CH2Cl2 solution with a 1907 nm incident wavelength, recording for all the investigated compounds unexpected negative values of μβ1907. Since density functional theory (DFT) calculations evidenced for P-Fc dyads almost null ground state dipole moments and very low values for P-C60 dyads and Fc-P-C60 triads, our EFISH results suggested a significant contribution to γEFISH of the purely electronic cubic term γ(−2ω; ω, ω, 0), which prevails on the quadratic dipolar orientational one μβ(−2ω; ω, ω)/5kT, as confirmed by computational evidence.

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Raposo, M. Manuela M., Ana M. Ferreira, Michael Belsley, E. de Matos Gomes, and J. C. V. P. Moura. "5-Arylazo-2,2´-Bithiophenes: A Novel Promising Series of NLO Chromophores." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.268.

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The synthesis of 5-arylazo- substituted bithiophenes and their UV-visible, solvatochromic and nonlinear optical properties (NLO) are described. In agreement with the solvatochromic data and also with the second-order molecular NLO characterization, the new donor-acceptor systems could find application as suitable solvatochromic probes and also as new NLO materials.

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Li, Weiqi, Yangyang Hu, Cheng Zhong, Xin Zhou, Qiang Wang, Wei Quan Tian, and John D. Goddard. "The structural and photophysical properties of multibranched derivatives with curved conjugated aromatic cores." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 25 (2016): 6054–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc01003b.

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Chaudhary, Tarun, and Bhawani Datt Joshi. "Electronic, Thermodynamic Properties, Nonlinear Optical Responses, and Molecular Docking Studies on Cephalexin." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v27i1.46361.

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The topology analysis of electron localization function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), the study of nonlinear optical properties, thermal properties, and biological activities of cephalexin have been performed using DFT/B3LYP and employing 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. The Mulliken atomic charge on atoms has been calculated. The quantities describing nonlinear optical (NLO) properties like molecular polarizability (α), first hyperpolarizability (β), and second hyperpolarizability (γ) were comparable to the values of urea. The computed value of the second hyperpolarizability was found to be negative, which is an important feature for the system of controllable NLO devices. The thermodynamic properties like heat capacity (S), enthalpy (H), and entropy (S) are positively correlated with the temperature. Further, the title molecule shows good potentiality for binding with the selected target protein matrix metalloproteinase-2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nonlinear optical properties (NLO)'

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