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Journal articles on the topic 'Nonlinear site response analysis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Tsai, Chi-Chin, and Chun-Way Chen. "Comparison Study of One-Dimensional Site Response Analysis Methods." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 2 (2016): 1075–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/071514eqs110m.

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The ground responses computed via frequency domain (FD) equivalent linear (EQL) and time domain (TD) nonlinear (NL) methods can considerably differ because of the constitutional differences in numerical approaches, damping formulations, and modeling of nonlinear soil response. To systematically evaluate the TD-NL and FD-EQL approaches, this study performs TD-NL, TD-EQL, and FD-EQL site response analyses considering different input motions, intensities of input motions, depths of soil columns, and nonlinear properties. Results show that the differences in the site responses calculated by the tw

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2

Lu, Tao, Yu Lin Lu, and Jing Yan Huo. "1D Time-Domain Nonlinear Analysis of Site Response under Strong Motion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1833.

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The Equivalent Linear Method is a common way used in earthquake engineering to analyze nonlinear site seismic response, but the response under strong motion is underestimated by the way. For analyzing nonlinear response more veritably, in the study, a time-domain nonlinear analysis method was proposed and used in a case for 1D seismic response analysis of soil layers under strong motion. The results obviously showed that, comparing with true nonlinear method, the Equivalent Linear Method underestimated in the case in natural period range of common civil engineering structures. The true nonline

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3

Larkin, Tam, and John Marsh. "Two dimensional nonlinear site response analyses." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 3 (1992): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.3.222-229.

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    This paper presents the results of computer studies of the seismic site response of two dimensional alluvial valleys with a variety of geometries and material properties. The alluvial material is modelled as a nonlinear hysteretic solid and results are presented to illustrate the effect of material nonlinearity on surface ground response. Comparative studies with one dimensional analyses are presented and conclusions drawn as to ground conditions that are appropriate to one dimensional site analyses.   

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4

Pyke, Robert. "The benefits of site-specific nonlinear site response analyses." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 10, no. 28 (2024): 1041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v10.os-17-03.

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5

Tran, Ngoc-Long, Muhammad Aaqib, Ba-Phu Nguyen, Duy-Duan Nguyen, Viet-Linh Tran, and Van-Quang Nguyen. "Evaluation of Seismic Site Amplification Using 1D Site Response Analyses at Ba Dinh Square Area, Vietnam." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (August 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3919281.

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This study presents a case study on ground response analysis of one of the important cultural heritages in Hanoi, Vietnam. One-dimensional nonlinear and equivalent linear site response analyses which are commonly applied to solve the problem of seismic stress wave propagation are performed at the Ba Dinh square area. A measured in-situ shear wave velocity profile and corresponding geotechnical site investigation and laboratory test data are utilized to develop the site model for site-specific ground response analysis. A suite of earthquake records compatible with Vietnamese Design Code TCVN 93

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6

Su, Jie, Zhenghua Zhou, You Zhou, et al. "The Characteristics of Seismic Response on Hard Interlayer Sites." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1425969.

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Based on the engineering geological data of a nuclear power plant site, nine engineering geological profiles were created with hard interlayers of different thicknesses. The equivalent linearization method of seismic motion segment-input used for one-dimensional nonlinear seismic response analysis was applied to study the effect of the interlayer thickness on the peak acceleration and the acceleration response spectra of the site seismic response. The results showed that there was an obvious influence of hard interlayer thickness on site seismic responses. With the increase of hard interlayer

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7

Chen, Guoxing, Dandan Jin, Jiao Zhu, Jian Shi, and Xiaojun Li. "Nonlinear Analysis on Seismic Site Response of Fuzhou Basin, China." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 105, no. 2A (2015): 928–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120140085.

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8

PARK, DUHEE, and YOUSSEF M. A. HASHASH. "SOIL DAMPING FORMULATION IN NONLINEAR TIME DOMAIN SITE RESPONSE ANALYSIS." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 8, no. 2 (2004): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460409350489.

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9

Arslan, Haydar, and Bilge Siyahi. "A comparative study on linear and nonlinear site response analysis." Environmental Geology 50, no. 8 (2006): 1193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0291-4.

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10

Tian, Li, Yanming Wang, Zhenhua Yi, and Hui Qian. "A Parametric Study of Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of Transmission Line Structures." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/271586.

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A parametric study of nonlinear seismic response analysis of transmission line structures subjected to earthquake loading is studied in this paper. The transmission lines are modeled by cable element which accounts for the nonlinearity of the cable based on a real project. Nonuniform ground motions are generated using a stochastic approach based on random vibration analysis. The effects of multicomponent ground motions, correlations among multicomponent ground motions, wave travel, coherency loss, and local site on the responses of the cables are investigated using nonlinear time history analy

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11

Irfan Marasabessy, Muhammad, Elvis Saputra, and Yuamar I Basarah. "Evaluation of seismic site amplification factors in Yogyakarta using One-Dimensional site response analysis." Teknisia 30, no. 1 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.20885/teknisia.vol30.iss1.art1.

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This study evaluates seismic site amplification in Yogyakarta using one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear site response analysis. Subsurface conditions were characterized using borehole and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data from four different locations. Ground motion records were selected and matched to the seismic hazard target spectrum at the bedrock level in Yogyakarta. The nonlinear site response analysis was then used to propagate the seismic waves to the ground surface using the DEEPSOIL program. The results show de-amplification at short periods (T < 0.5 s) and amplification at longer p

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12

Chen, Yuan, and Jie Li. "Ground Motion Analysis in Nonlinear Soil Site with Random Media." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.920.

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In this article,by incorporating equivalent linearization method and the orthogonal expansion method into the wave finite element analysis of scattering problem, an analytical methodology for the evaluation of seismic response of nonlinear soil site with uncertain properties is proposed . Example is given to show the applicability of the methodology. The results show that the randomness of the site media has important effect on seismic site response , the randomness has greater influence on the variation of accelerations than on displacements. The coupling of the nonlinearity and the randomnes

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13

Stewart, Jonathan P., Kioumars Afshari, and Christine A. Goulet. "Non-Ergodic Site Response in Seismic Hazard Analysis." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 4 (2017): 1385–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/081716eqs135m.

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Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses are usually performed with semi-empirical ground motion models (GMMs) following the ergodic assumption whereby average source, path, and site effects from global databases apply for a specific site of interest. Site-specific site response is likely to differ from the global average conditional on site parameters used in GMMs (typically V S30 and basin depth). Non-ergodic site response can be evaluated using on-site ground motion recordings and/or one-dimensional wave propagation analyses, and allows site-to-site variability to be removed from the within-ev

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14

Phillips, Camilo, and Youssef M. A. Hashash. "Damping formulation for nonlinear 1D site response analyses." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 29, no. 7 (2009): 1143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.01.004.

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15

Zhu, Zhihui, Yongjiu Tang, Zhenning Ba, Kun Wang, and Wei Gong. "Seismic analysis of high-speed railway irregular bridge–track system considering V-shaped canyon effect." Railway Engineering Science 30, no. 1 (2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40534-021-00262-x.

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AbstractTo explore the effect of canyon topography on the seismic response of railway irregular bridge–track system that crosses a V-shaped canyon, seismic ground motions of the horizontal site and V-shaped canyon site were simulated through theoretical analysis with 12 earthquake records selected from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Strong Ground Motion Database matching the site condition of the bridge. Nonlinear seismic response analyses of an existing 11-span irregular simply supported railway bridge–track system were performed under the simulated spatially varyin

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16

Shen, Yiyao, Zilan Zhong, Liyun Li, and Xiuli Du. "Nonlinear Solid–Fluid Coupled Seismic Response Analysis of Layered Liquefiable Deposit." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115628.

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A seismic response analysis of layered, liquefiable sites plays an important role in the seismic design of both aboveground and underground structures. This study presents a detailed dynamic site response analysis procedure with advanced nonlinear soil constitutive models for non-liquefiable and liquefiable soils in the OpenSees computational platform. The stress ratio controlled, bounding surface plasticity constitutive model, PM4Sand, is used to simulate the nonlinear response of the liquefiable soil layers subjected to two seismic ground motions with different characteristics. The nonlinear

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17

Foerster, Evelyne, and Hormoz Modaressi. "Nonlinear numerical method for earthquake site response analysis II — case studies." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 5, no. 3 (2007): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9034-5.

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18

Zhang, Ray Ruichong, Stephen Hartzell, Jianwen Liang, and Yuxian Hu. "An Alternative Approach to Characterize Nonlinear Site Effects." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 1 (2005): 243–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1853390.

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This paper examines the rationale of a method of nonstationary data processing and analysis, referred to as the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), for its application to a recording-based approach in quantifying influences of soil nonlinearity in site response. In particular, this paper first summarizes symptoms of soil nonlinearity shown in earthquake recordings, reviews the Fourier-based approach to characterizing nonlinearity, and offers justifications for the HHT in addressing nonlinearity issues. This study then uses the HHT method to analyze synthetic data and recordings from the 1964 Niigat

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19

Hashash, Youssef M. A., Okan Ilhan, Joseph A. Harmon, et al. "Nonlinear site amplification model for ergodic seismic hazard analysis in Central and Eastern North America." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 1 (2020): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019878193.

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This article presents recommendations for nonlinear site amplification models in Central and Eastern North America (CENA), which are developed from one-dimensional site response analyses results and accompanies linear site amplification model in a companion article. Two median nonlinear amplification models using identical functional forms are produced as a function of VS30 and peak ground acceleration for reference conditions ( PGAr) of VS = 3000 m/s and VS30 = 760 m/s. An epistemic uncertainty model on median nonlinear amplification is proposed as a piecewise functional form to generate reas

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20

Wang, Wenbo, Yadong Li, Yi Shan, Jie Cui, and Pengfei Dang. "Assessment of applicability of equivalent linear and nonlinear analysis methods for site response analysis in deep soil Site." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 10, no. 14 (2024): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v10.os-3-03.

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21

Malekmohammadi, Mojtaba, and Shahram Pezeshk. "Ground Motion Site Amplification Factors for Sites Located within the Mississippi Embayment with Consideration of Deep Soil Deposits." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 2 (2015): 699–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091712eqs291m.

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In this study, site amplification factors for the deep soil deposits of the Mississippi embayment are computed using a nonlinear site response analysis program first to develop a model for nonlinear soil response for possible use by ground motion developers and second to address site amplification estimation. The effects of geology, sediment depth, and average shear wave velocity at the upper 30 m of soil ranging 180–800 m/s, as well as the effect of peak ground acceleration at the bedrock on nonlinear ground motion amplification for the upper embayment, are investigated. The site response com

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22

Lee, Chien-Ping, Yi-Ben Tsai, and Kuo-Liang Wen. "Analysis of nonlinear site response using the LSST downhole accelerometer array data." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 26, no. 5 (2006): 435–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.10.005.

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23

Zheng, Wei, and Ronaldo Luna. "Nonlinear Site Response and Liquefaction Analysis in the New Madrid Seismic Zone." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 29, no. 4 (2011): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9396-y.

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24

Zhang, Xingyu, Yinfeng Dong, Yiming Xie, Feiyu Guo, and Dezhi Fang. "Nonlinear seismic response of soft soil site in Shanghai." Vibroengineering Procedia 53 (November 27, 2023): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23753.

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Site seismic effects are an important factor affecting the design ground motion input. It is well known that for a deep-covered soft-soil site similar to the Shanghai area, the site will exhibit nonlinear characteristics even under relatively small bedrock ground motion input. Therefore, corresponding to different probability levels of ground seismic motion, the seismic effect of the site is also quite different. In the current design codes, the differences in seismic effects are considered by adjusting the maximum value of the design response spectrum and the characteristic period, and the ra

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25

Hien, Nghiem Manh. "Stress-independent parameters for stress-strain relationship and damping in nonlinear one-dimensional seismic site response analysis." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 15, no. 1 (2021): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2021-15(1)-02.

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The modulus reduction and damping curves represent the nonlinear behavior of soil under cyclic load. In the literature, those curves were produced from lab tests of soil at particular confining stresses. This study developed a set of parameters that can be used to normalize the modulus reduction and damping curves to be stress-independent. The proposed formulations for the stress-independent parameters were implemented in the finite element code SRAP and validated through producing shear modulus reduction and damping curves that match the existed ones. Nonlinear 1D seismic site response analys

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26

Khatiwada, Prashidha, Yiwei Hu, Elisa Lumantarna, and Scott J. Menegon. "Dynamic Modal Analyses of Building Structures Employing Site-Specific Response Spectra Versus Code Response Spectrum Models." CivilEng 4, no. 1 (2023): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng4010009.

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This paper is aimed at giving structural designers guidance on how to make use of elastic site-specific response spectra for the dynamic modal analysis of a structure in support of its structural design. The use of response spectra in support of the pushover analysis of an RC building forming part of the non-linear static analysis procedure (that can be used to predict seismic demand without relying on the code-stipulated default R factor) is also presented. Seismic analysis of structures based on the use of site-specific response spectra can help to achieve a more optimised, and cost-effectiv

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27

Morris, Gareth J., Andrew J. Thompson, James N. Dismuke, and Brendon A. Bradley. "Ground motion input for nonlinear response history analysis." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 52, no. 3 (2019): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.52.3.119-133.

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Nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA), or so-called “nonlinear time history analysis”, is adopted by practicing structural engineers who implement performance-based seismic design and/or assessment procedures. One important aspect in obtaining reliable output from the NLRHA procedure is the input ground motion records. The underlying intention of ground motion selection and amplitude-scaling procedures is to ensure the input for NLRHA is representative of the ground shaking hazard level, for a given site and structure. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the salient limitatio

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Zhang, Xingyu, Yinfeng Dong, Lejun Wei, Feiyu Guo, and Qingshuang Su. "The threshold value of ground motion acceleration characterizing the nonlinear response of sites." Vibroengineering Procedia 52 (November 25, 2023): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23686.

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Assessing the nonlinearity of a site plays a crucial role in earthquake engineering. For some building structures and lifeline projects that need safety assessment after earthquakes, the analysis of nonlinear degree of sites can help accurately revealing the amplification effect of sites and evaluating the damage degree of buildings which is convenient for subsequent reinforcement and demolition work. The quantitation of nonlinear threshold of sites is an important method to evaluate the degree of site nonlinearity. In this paper, a nonlinear characteristic index reflecting the degradation of

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de la Torre, Christopher A., Brendon A. Bradley, and Robin L. Lee. "Modeling nonlinear site effects in physics-based ground motion simulations of the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 2 (2020): 856–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019891729.

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This study examines the performance of nonlinear total stress one-dimensional (1D) wave propagation site response analysis for modeling site effects in physics-based ground motion simulations of the 2010–2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquake sequence. This approach explicitly models three-dimensional (3D) ground motion phenomena at the regional scale, and detailed site effects at the local scale. The approach is compared with a more commonly used empirical VS30-based method of computing site amplification for simulated ground motions, as well as prediction via an empirical ground motion mode

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30

Komak Panah, Ali, and Aylin Nouri. "An Investigation of Local Site Effects Using Linear and Nonlinear analysis and Comparison Between Them." Civil Engineering Journal 2, no. 4 (2016): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2016-00000018.

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Recent code provisions for building and other structures (1994 and 1997 NEHRP provisions, 1997 UBC) have adopted new site classification. The new site classification system is based on average shear wave velocity to a depth of 30 m. when the shear wave velocity is not available; other soil properties such as undrained shear strength can be used. The study of propagation damages in various earthquakes illustrates the importance of the site effect on the ground seismic characteristics. From the point of the earthquake engineering view, the most important characteristics of the strong ground moti

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31

Germoso, Claudia, Jean Louis Duval, and Francisco Chinesta. "Harmonic-Modal Hybrid Reduced Order Model for the Efficient Integration of Non-Linear Soil Dynamics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (2020): 6778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196778.

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Nonlinear behavior of soils during a seismic event has a predominant role in current site response analysis. Soil response analysis, and more concretely laboratory data, indicate that the stress-strain relationship of soils is nonlinear and exhibits hysteresis. An equivalent linearization method, in which non-linear characteristics of shear modulus and damping factor of soils are modeled as equivalent linear relations of the shear strain is usually applied, but this assumption, however, may lead to a conservative approach of the seismic design. In this paper, we propose an alternative analysis

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Olson, Scott M., Xuan Mei, and Youssef M. A. Hashash. "Nonlinear Site Response Analysis with Pore-Water Pressure Generation for Liquefaction Triggering Evaluation." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 146, no. 2 (2020): 04019128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002191.

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33

Chaudhary, Muhammad Tariq A. "Influence of site conditions on seismic design parameters for foundations as determined via nonlinear site response analysis." Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 15, no. 1 (2021): 275–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-021-0685-0.

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34

Hou, Ruibin, and John X. Zhao. "A Nonlinear Site Amplification Model for the Horizontal Component Developed for Ground-Motion Prediction Equations in Japan Using Site Period as the Site-Response Parameter." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112, no. 1 (2021): 381–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120210126.

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ABSTRACT This article presents a nonlinear site amplification model for ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs), using site period as site-effect proxy based on the measured shear-wave velocity profiles of selected KiK-net and K-NET sites in Japan. This model was derived using 1D equivalent-linear site-response analysis for a total of 516 measured soil-site shear-wave velocity profiles subjected to a total of 912 components of rock-site records. The modulus reduction and damping curves for each soil layer were assigned based on the soil-type description for a particular layer. The site peri

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35

Ravichandran, Nadarajah, Md Ariful H. Bhuiyan, Vishnu Saketh Jella, Ashish Bahuguna, and Jatheesan Sundararajan. "Comparison of Seismic Site Factor Models Based on Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Analyses and Correction Factors for Updating Equivalent Linear Results for Charleston, South Carolina." Geosciences 15, no. 4 (2025): 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15040115.

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In practice, site-specific one-dimensional (1D) seismic site response analyses are conducted to compute surface acceleration time histories considering shear wave velocity profile, modulus reduction, damping, and site-specific ground motions. The computed surface responses depend not only on the geologic and seismic characteristics but also on the type of 1D analysis (i.e., equivalent linear or nonlinear) and the software. Equivalent linear analysis (EQLA) is preferred by practicing engineers because the analysis procedure is well defined, but the accuracy of the results is questionable for ce

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36

Kim, Byungmin, Youssef M. A. Hashash, Jonathan P. Stewart, et al. "Relative Differences between Nonlinear and Equivalent-Linear 1-D Site Response Analyses." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 3 (2016): 1845–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/051215eqs068m.

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This study investigates the conditions for which one-dimensional (1-D) nonlinear (NL) site response analysis results are distinct from equivalent-linear (EL) results and provides guidance for predicting when differences are large enough to be of practical significance. Relative differences in spectral accelerations and Fourier amplitudes computed from NL and EL analyses are assessed for a range of site conditions and for suites of input motions appropriate for active crustal and stable continental regions. Among several considered parameters, EL/NL differences are most clearly dependent on she

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Hutchinson, T. C., Y. H. Chai, R. W. Boulanger, and I. M. Idriss. "Inelastic Seismic Response of Extended Pile-Shaft-Supported Bridge Structures." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 4 (2004): 1057–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1811614.

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Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses were used to evaluate the inelastic seismic response of bridge and viaduct structures supported on extended cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) pile shafts. The nonlinear dynamic analyses used a beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler foundation (BNWF) framework to model the soil-pile interaction, nonlinear fiber beam-column elements to model the reinforced concrete sections, and one-dimensional site response analyses for the free-field soil profile response. The study included consideration of ground motion characteristics, site response, lateral soil resistance, structural pa

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Goulet, Christine A., and Jonathan P. Stewart. "Pitfalls of Deterministic Application of Nonlinear Site Factors in Probabilistic Assessment of Ground Motions." Earthquake Spectra 25, no. 3 (2009): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3159006.

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It is common for ground motions to be estimated using a combination of probabilistic and deterministic procedures. Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA) are performed to estimate intensity measures ( IMs) for reference site conditions (usually rock). This is followed by a deterministic modification of the rock IMs to account for site effects, typically using site factors from the literature or seismic codes. We demonstrate for two California sites and three site conditions that the deterministic application of nonlinear site factors underestimates ground motions evaluated probabilistica

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Dismuke, James N. "Nonlinear shear stress reduction factor (rd) for assessment of liquefaction potential in Christchurch Central Business District." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 47, no. 1 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.47.1.1-14.

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Simplified procedures for evaluating liquefaction triggering potential use the nonlinear shear stress reduction factor, rd, to estimate the peak earthquake-induced cyclic shear stress within the soil strata. Previous studies have derived rd by considering the response of representative ground profiles subjected to input ground motions with a range of ground motion characteristics. In this study, site–specific rd for serviceability limit state (SLS) and ultimate limit state (ULS) design ground motions are developed using site response models of the Christchurch Central Business District (CBD).

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Carlton, Brian, and Kohji Tokimatsu. "Comparison of Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Site Response Analysis Results and Model to Estimate Maximum Shear Strain." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 3 (2016): 1867–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/021215eqs029mr1.

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We compared the results of equivalent linear (ELA) and nonlinear site response analyses (NLA) and found that the differences between the values of the peak ground acceleration ( PGA), peak ground velocity ( PGV), Arias intensity ( I a), significant duration ( D5–75), and response spectrum for periods between 0.025 s and 2 s predicted by each method are non-negligible for maximum shear strain values predicted by ELA ( γ max, ELA) greater than 0.04% to 1.0%. As γ max, ELA increases, ELA in general predict smaller shear strain and D5–75 values, and larger PGA, PGV, I a, mean period, and response

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Nguyen, Van-Quang, Muhammad Aaqib, Duy-Duan Nguyen, Nguyen-Vu Luat, and Duhee Park. "A Site-Specific Response Analysis: A Case Study in Hanoi, Vietnam." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113972.

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A series of one-dimensional (1-D) site response analyses were performed using the nonlinear (NL) and equivalent linear (EQL) approaches to assess the applicability of the Vietnamese earthquake-resistance design code TCVN 9386: 2012. Six soil profiles were selected from three districts in Hanoi (Vietnam). A number of ground motions compatible with the rock design spectrum were used as input for carrying out analyses. The results highlight that the calculated response is higher than the design spectrum for site class C and lower for site class D. The normalized response spectra of the EQL approa

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42

Assimaki, Dominic, Wei Li, and Michalis Fragiadakis. "Site Effects in Structural Response Predictions of Inelastic SDOF Oscillators." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 3 (2012): 859–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000056.

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We study how the inelastic structural response predicted via synthetic seismograms is affected by the selection of site response models in ground motion simulations. We first generate synthetics for multiple scenarios and site conditions in Southern California using attenuation relations, site specific linear, vis-coelastic and nonlinear analyses, and estimate the ground motion variability that results from the soil model selection. We next use bilinear single degree-of-freedom oscillators to demonstrate how this variability propagates to the inelastic structural response predictions. Results

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Zhang, Jin, Ke-jian Chen, Neng-pan Ju, Shi-xiong Zheng, Hong-yu Jia, and Da-ping Yuan. "Simulation of the In Situ Spatially Varying Ground Motions and Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of the Cable-Stayed Bridge." Shock and Vibration 2020 (March 16, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3063402.

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To study the nonlinear seismic behavior and seismic resistance of the long-span cable-stayed bridges subjected to earthquakes, the multidimensional and multisupported artificial ground motions are synthesized first based on the in situ site conditions of the bridge considering the coherent and traveling wave effects. Then, considering the material nonlinearity of the cable-stayed bridge, a 3D finite element model is established based on the OpenSees platform, and the nonlinear seismic response analysis of the bridge is carried out under the synthetic artificial ground motions. The nonlinear se

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Yang, Jun, Tadanobu Sato, and Xiang-Song Li. "Nonlinear site effects on strong ground motion at a reclaimed island." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 1 (2000): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-092.

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Recently there has been an increased interest in the study of the nonlinearity in soil response for large strains through in situ earthquake observations. In this paper, the downhole array acceleration data recorded at a reclaimed island, Kobe, during the 1995 Kobe earthquake are used to study nonlinear site effects. Particular attention is given to the liquefaction-induced nonlinear effects on the recorded ground motions. By using the spectral ratio and the spectral-smoothing technique, the characteristics of the ground motions are analyzed. It is shown that the peak frequencies in spectral r

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Gheibi, Emad, and Mohammad Hosein Bagheripour. "Effect of Parameters on Equivalent Number of Cycles Using ‎Nonlinear Seismic Site Response Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2365.

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The concept of equivalent number of uniform stress cycles, is essential for assessment of soil liquefaction potential. In this regard, various procedures are used to convert random acceleration time history to uniform cycles having amplitude of 0.65 of peak acceleration. Equivalent number of cycles (Neq) defines equivalent energy generated by harmonic loading as that imposed by irregular motion during an earthquake. Neq is assumed to be a function of earthquake magnitude. Over the past years, in accordance with development in methods of soil liquefaction evaluation, various methods have been p

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Abbaszadeh Shahri, Abbas, Bizhan Esfandiyari, Katayoun Behzadafshar, and Mohammad Amin Vares. "Comparison of Nonlinear Time Domain Site Response Analysis Subjected to Earthquake Provokes-Case Study." Journal of Civil Engineering Research 2, no. 1 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.jce.20120201.01.

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Mir Mohammad Hosseini, S. Majdeddin, and Mojdeh Asadollahi Pajouh. "Comparative study on the equivalent linear and the fully nonlinear site response analysis approaches." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 5, no. 4 (2010): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-010-0228-9.

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Rayhani, M. H. T., M. H. El Naggar, and S. H. Tabatabaei. "Nonlinear Analysis of Local Site Effects on Seismic Ground Response in the Bam Earthquake." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 26, no. 1 (2007): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-007-9149-0.

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Yee, Eric, Jonathan P. Stewart, and Kohji Tokimatsu. "Elastic and Large-Strain Nonlinear Seismic Site Response from Analysis of Vertical Array Recordings." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 139, no. 10 (2013): 1789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000900.

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Bao, Xin, Jing-bo liu, Shu-tao Li, and Fei Wang. "Nonlinear seismic response analysis of reef-coral sand site in the South China Sea." Ocean Engineering 281 (August 2023): 114966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114966.

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