Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nonlinearities on steel structures

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Nonlinearities on steel structures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nonlinearities on steel structures"

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Savino, Pierclaudio, Marco Gherlone, Francesco Tondolo, and Rita Greco. "Shape-Sensing of Beam Elements Undergoing Material Nonlinearities." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020528.

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The use of in situ strain measurements to reconstruct the deformed shape of structures is a key technology for real-time monitoring. A particularly promising, versatile and computationally efficient method is the inverse finite element method (iFEM), which can be used to reconstruct the displacement field of beam elements, plate and shell structures from some discrete strain measurements. The iFEM does not require the knowledge of the material properties. Nevertheless, it has always been applied to structures with linear material constitutive behavior. In the present work, advances are proposed to use the method also for concrete structures in civil engineering field such as bridges normally characterized by material nonlinearities due to the behavior of both steel and concrete. The effectiveness of iFEM, for simply supported reinforced concrete beam and continuous beams with load conditions that determine the yielding of reinforcing steel, is studied. In order to assess the influence on displacements and strains reconstructions, different measurement stations and mesh configurations are considered. Hybrid procedures employing iFEM analysis supported by bending moment-curvature relationship are proposed in case of lack of input data in plastic zones. The reliability of the results obtained is tested and commented on to highlight the effectiveness of the approach.
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Rébillat, M., K. Ege, M. Gallo, and J. Antoni. "Repeated exponential sine sweeps for the autonomous estimation of nonlinearities and bootstrap assessment of uncertainties." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 6 (December 21, 2015): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215620685.

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Measurements on vibrating structures has been a topic of interest for decades. Vibrating structures are however generally assumed to behave linearly and in a noise-free environment, which is not the case in practice. This paper provides a methodology that allows for the autonomous estimation of nonlinearities and assessment of uncertainties by bootstrap on a given vibrating structure. Nonlinearities are estimated by means of a block-oriented nonlinear model approach based on parallel Hammerstein models and on exponential sine sweeps. Estimation uncertainties are simultaneously assessed using repetitions of the input signal (multi-sine sweeps) as the input of a bootstrap procedure. Mathematical foundations and a practical implementation of the method are discussed using an experimental example. The experiment chosen here consists in exciting a steel plate under various boundary conditions with exponential sine sweeps and at different levels in order to assess the evolution of nonlinearities and uncertainties over a wide range of frequencies and input amplitudes.
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Thai, Huu-Tai, Trung-Kien Nguyen, Seunghye Lee, Vipulkumar Ishvarbhai Patel, and Thuc P. Vo. "Review of Nonlinear Analysis and Modeling of Steel and Composite Structures." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 04 (April 2020): 2030003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420300037.

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Structural steel frames exhibit significantly geometric and material nonlinearities which can be captured using the second-order inelastic analysis, also known as advanced analysis. Current specifications of most modern steel design codes, e.g. American code AISC360, European code EC3, Chinese code GB50017 and Australian code AS4100 permit the use of advanced analysis methods for the direct design of steel structures to avoid tedious member capacity checks. In the past three decades, a huge number of advanced analysis and modeling methods have been developed to predict the behavior of steel and composite frames. This paper presents a comprehensive review of their developments, which focus on beam-column elements with close attention to the way to capture geometric and material nonlinearity effects. A brief outline of analysis methods and analysis tools for frames was presented in the initial part of the paper. This was followed by a discussion on the development of displacement-based, force-based and mixed beam elements with distributed plasticity and concentrated plasticity models. The modeling of frames subjected to fire and explosion was also discussed. Finally, a review of the beam-column models for composite structures including concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, composite beams and composite frames was presented.
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Deniziak, Patryk, and Karol Winkelmann. "Influence of nonlinearities on the efficiency and accuracy of FEM calculations on the example of a steel build-up thin-walled column." MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821902010.

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Due to the increase of computing capabilities of standard processing units, it is possible to perform complex analyses, considering a number of nonlinearities, such as geometric, material and boundary (contact) even on personal computers. In the paper, the authors have analysed the efficiency and accuracy of standard PC’s FEM calculations performed in Abaqus CAE 2017 software on the example of a critical load assessment of a thin-walled steel column element with selected nonlinearities. A cross-section shape of a built-up column used by an international steel structures manufacturer was adopted. The analysis serves to check the behavior of their product. Several types of FEM analysis, strictly based on the EN standard regulations were performed. In turn, the relation of computational time to the adopted analysis type was obtained. Moreover, the produced load values in different types of independent calculation were compared and analysed. A possible future development in the field, based mainly on full-scale experimental tests, was also highlighted.
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Koh, C. G., K. K. Ang, and P. F. Chan. "Dynamic Analysis of Shell Structures with Application to Blast Resistant Doors." Shock and Vibration 10, no. 4 (2003): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/357969.

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This paper concerns the dynamic analysis of shell structures, with emphasis on application to steel and steel-concrete composite blast resistant doors. In view of the short duration and impulsive nature of the blast loading, an explicit integration method is adopted. This approach avoids time-consuming computations of structural stiffness matrix and solving of simultaneous nonlinear equations. Single-point quadrature shell elements are used, with numerical control to suppress spurious hourglass modes. Composite shells are handled by an appropriate integration rule across the thickness. Both material and geometric nonlinearities are accounted for in the formulation. Contact and gap problems are considered using bilinear spring elements in the finite element analysis. Numerical examples are presented for some benchmark problems and application study to blast resistant doors. Good correlation is generally obtained between the numerical results based on the software developed and the results obtained by other means including field blast tests.
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FONG, M., and S. L. CHAN. "ADVANCED ANALYSIS OF STEEL–CONCRETE COMPOSITE BEAM-COLUMNS BY REFINED PLASTIC HINGE METHOD." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 12, no. 06 (December 2012): 1250046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455412500460.

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Based on the second-order inelastic analysis, this paper presents a practical method of design for steel–concrete composite beam-columns that satisfies code performance requirements. The concept of second-order inelastic analysis for structures is to consider both geometric and material nonlinearities and their imperfections so that the real structural behavior can be captured and the assumption for effective lengths is not required. The refined plastic hinge approach proposed herein traces the gradual material yielding and simulates full plasticity of a cross-section. The definitions of the initial and full yield surfaces (which are used to initiate the yielding and to indicate the full plastic stage) for steel–concrete composite cross-sections, based on the cross-section analysis, are presented. The proposed method is verified in examples of isolated composite columns and frames.
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Kim, Robin E., Xingyue Piao, and Jae Hong An. "The Behavior of a Multi-Story Steel Frame Subject to Measured Fire Using Calibrated Simple Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 5607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205607.

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Structural steels are one of the most popular construction materials with a number of merits, such as cost-effectiveness, durability, lightweight, versatility, etc. However, when exposed to a high temperature, their thermal expansion rate is high and the strength reduces substantially, making the steel structures vulnerable to fire. So far, a number of studies have been performed to understand the behavior of steel in fire. Rigorous tests, from the material to structural level, have led the advancement of modeling techniques. Among various analytical techniques, one of the most widely used approaches is the finite element modeling (FEM). While FEM can demonstrate geometrical and material nonlinearities, due to the complexity, the approach may result in high computational loads to ensure the convergence. Thus, in this paper, a simple calculation method is instead used to understand the steel frame subject to fire, in conjunction with experimentally collected temperature and displacement data. Then, at each temperature (before and after critical temperature and the formation of plastic hinges), the effect of elevated temperature on global behavior is examined using frame analysis. Results of the study have demonstrated that when structural integrity is of concern, the critical temperature of the structure must be examined in terms of fundamental characteristics of the structure.
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Parente Jr, E., G. V. Nogueira, M. Meireles Neto, and L. S. Moreira. "Material and geometric nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete frames." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 7, no. 5 (October 2014): 879–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952014000500009.

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The analysis of reinforced concrete structures until failure requires the consideration of geometric and material nonlinearities. However, nonlinear analysis is much more complex and costly than linear analysis. In order to obtain a computationally efficient approach to nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures, this work presents the formulation of a nonlinear plane frame element. Geometric nonlinearity is considered using the co-rotational approach and material nonlinearity is included using appropriate constitutive relations for concrete and steel. The integration of stress resultants and tangent constitutive matrix is carried out by the automatic subdivision of the cross-section and the application of the Gauss quadrature in each subdivision. The formulation and computational implementation are validated using experimental results available in the literature. Excellent results were obtained.
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Mockutė, Agota, Enzo Marino, Claudio Lugni, and Claudio Borri. "Comparison of Nonlinear Wave-Loading Models on Rigid Cylinders in Regular Waves." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 4022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214022.

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Monopiles able to support very large offshore wind turbines are slender structures susceptible to nonlinear resonant phenomena. With the aim to better understand and model the wave-loading on these structures in very steep waves where ringing occurs and the numerical wave-loading models tend to lose validity, this study investigates the distinct influences of nonlinearities in the wave kinematics and in the hydrodynamic loading models. Six wave kinematics from linear to fully nonlinear are modelled in combination with four hydrodynamic loading models from three theories, assessing the effects of both types of nonlinearities and the wave conditions where each type has stronger influence. The main findings include that the nonlinearities in the wave kinematics have stronger influence in the intermediate water depth, while the choice of the hydrodynamic loading model has larger influence in deep water. Moreover, finite-depth FNV theory captures the loading in the widest range of wave and cylinder conditions. The areas of worst prediction by the numerical models were found to be the largest steepness and wave numbers for second harmonic, as well as the vicinity of the wave-breaking limit, especially for the third harmonic. The main cause is the non-monotonic growth of the experimental loading with increasing steepness due to flow separation, which leads to increasing numerical overpredictions since the numerical wave-loading models increase monotonically.
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Rong, Qin, Zhonghui Zhao, Lanhui Guo, Xiaomeng Hou, Li Lin, and Hongtao Bi. "Seismic Performance of CFST Frame-Steel Plate Shear Walls Connected to Beams Only." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 13, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5850073.

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The safety and cost of structures composed of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) frame-steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) with two-side connections are governed by the seismic performance. The response modification factor R and displacement amplification factor Cd are important seismic performance factors. In this paper, nonlinear seismic responses of 10-story, 15-story, and 20-story CFST frame-SPSWs (CFST-SPSWs) are studied. A nonlinear finite element model which includes both material and geometric nonlinearities is developed using the finite element software OpenSees for this study. The accuracy of model was validated by comparing with experimental results. Nonlinear seismic analysis shows that CFST-SPSWs, in high seismic region, behave in a stable and ductile manner. Also, R and Cd of CFST-SPSWs were evaluated for the structure models using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), and the average values of 3.17 and 3.05 are recommended, respectively. The recommended R value is greater than the value (2.8) in the “Chinese Code for seismic design of buildings” for composite structures, indicating the code is conservative. The structural periods provided by current code are generally lower than the periods calculated by finite element analysis. Research results show that R and Cd increase with increasing story number, span number, and structural period. Ductility reduction factor Rμ increases with increasing span number and decreasing story number. Overstrength factor Rs increases with increasing story number and decreasing span number.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nonlinearities on steel structures"

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Lavall, Armando Cesar Campos. "Uma formulação consistente para análise não-linear de pórticos planos de aço considerando imperfeições iniciais e tensões residuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-02042018-112300/.

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Neste trabalho desenvolve-se uma formulação teórica consistente para a análise não-linear, física e geométrica, de pórticos planos de aço, através do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), considerando barras com imperfeições iniciais e tensões residuais nas suas seções transversais, visando analisar os critérios de resistência adotados para projeto das colunas de aço, baseados no conceito de resistência-última, e estudar o comportamento não-linear dos pórticos de aço considerando estes dois fatores. São feitas considerações qualitativas sobre a influência das imperfeições iniciais e das tensões residuais no cálculo da resistência das colunas. e é dada uma visão geral sobre a evolução dos critérios usados na prática para dimensionamento das colunas de aço. Apresenta-se o desenvolvimento da teoria geral, que leva em conta a presença das tensões residuais auto-equilibradas nas equações de equilíbrio do elemento. Este desenvolvimento é feito dentro de uma formulação Lagrangiana utilizando a técnica corrotacional para a dedução consistente da matriz de rigidez tangente do elemento de pórtico plano com imperfeição inicial. Para implementação desta formulação é desenvolvido um programa em linguagem FORTRAN para micro-computador capaz de fazer a análise não-linear elasto-plástica de pórticos planos, baseado num processo incremental-iterativo. Utiliza-se o modelo de fatias para avaliar os coeficientes de rigidez do elemento, modelo este que se mostrou bastante adequado, permitindo o acompanhamento da plastificação ao longo da altura da seção e a consideração de qualquer modelo de distribuição das tensões residuais. Finalmente, os exemplos apresentados mostram a grande potencialidade da formulação desenvolvida. São analisados vários casos cujos resultados são comparados com os obtidos por outros autores, demonstrando a precisão e correção da teoria proposta. A aplicação na análise de pórticos de andares múltiplos confirma a validade da formulação e demonstra a sua aplicabilidade nos casos práticos.
A consistent finite element formulation to consider material and geometric nonlinearities of steel plane frames is presented. Residual stresses and initial imperfections are considered to evaluate steel columns failure criteria based on the ultimate strength and also to investigate the nonlinear behavior of steel plane frames. Some qualitative considerations are made on the initial imperfections and residual stresses influence on the practical steel columns design. A general theory considering self equilibrated residual stresses is developed based on the Lagrangian formulation. Corotacional technique is used to obtain the tangent stiffness matrix of plane frame taking the initial imperfection into account. A stand alone code has been written in FORTRAN and implemented on a microcomputer platform to perform incremental-iterative analysis of nonlinear elastoplastic plane frame problems. The frame element is made up of layers such that the plastic region can be readily identified and any kind of residual stresses through the cross section area can be taken into account in the analysis. Some examples are presented and their results compared to others in the literature. The multistory building analyses using the plane frame element presented in this research has shown to be very effective and useful to practical applications.
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Leal, Luiz Alberto Araújo de Seixas. "Análise elástica dos efeitos da não linearidade geométrica em estruturas de aço." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-14122014-161038/.

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A análise das estruturas de aço sujeitas a ações verticais e horizontais, em termos de esforços solicitantes, deslocamentos e rotações, muitas vezes requer a consideração dos efeitos da não linearidade geométrica. Em outras palavras, a interação entre os deslocamentos e os esforços externos pode provocar uma alteração na intensidade dos esforços internos que solicitam a estrutura que, caso não seja adequadamente avaliada, pode conduzir a uma redução significativa dos níveis de segurança. Nesse contexto, destacam-se duas metodologias de avaliação desses efeitos: aquelas baseadas em análises aproximadas e aquelas baseadas em análises geometricamente exatas. As análises aproximadas podem ser caracterizadas em sua grande maioria por desenvolver um estudo baseado no equilíbrio da estrutura na configuração inicial ou indeformada (análise sob linearidade geométrica) e, em seguida, estimar os esforços solicitantes atuantes na configuração final ou deformada por meio de coeficientes majoradores. Por outro lado, a característica principal da análise geometricamente exata é verificar as condições de equilíbrio estrutural na configuração deformada e sem fazer nenhuma restrição quanto à magnitude dos deslocamentos e rotações ou, em outras palavras, observar o comportamento geometricamente exato (não linear) de maneira direta na configuração final de equilíbrio. Este trabalho propõe realizar um estudo comparativo entre um dos métodos de análise aproximada aquele baseado nos coeficientes B1 e B2, que é recomendado pela norma brasileira ABNT NBR 8800:2008 e um método baseado em análise geometricamente exata, de maneira a verificar as semelhanças e as diferenças entre os resultados. O aço é admitido como elástico. As ferramentas computacionais utilizadas são os programas FTOOL e PEFSYS, formulados segundo teorias de barras lineares e não lineares, respectivamente.
The analysis of steel structures subjected to vertical and horizontal loads, regarding internal forces, displacements and rotations, often requires the consideration of geometrically nonlinear effects. In other words, the interaction between displacements and external loads may cause a changing in the intensity of internal forces acting on the structure which, if not correctly evaluated, lead to significant reducing of structural safety. In this context, there exist two main methodologies to evaluate these effects: one based on approximated analysis and another based on geometrically exact analysis. The approximated analysis can be usually characterized by a study based on the equilibrium of the structure at its initial or undeformed configuration (geometrically linear analysis) and, further, by estimating the internal forces acting at the final or deformed configuration by means of amplifier coefficients. On the other hand, the main characteristic of the geometrically exact analysis is to verify the equilibrium conditions directly at the deformed configuration, without any restrictions regarding the magnitude of displacements and rotations or, in other words, observe the geometrically exact (nonlinear) behaviour directly at the final equilibrium configuration. This work purposes to develop a comparative study between one of the approximated methods the one based on the so called B1 and B2 coefficients, recommended by the Brazilian code ABNT NBR 8800:2008 and a method based on geometrically exact analysis, to verify the similarities and differences of results. The computational tools employed are the softwares FTOOL and PEFSYS, based on linear and nonlinear rod theories, respectively.
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Sarver, George Lertin. "Energy transfer and dissipation in structures with discrete nonlinearities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34031.

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Xie, Feng. "Resonant optical nonlinearities in cascade and coupled quantum well structures." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3101.

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Lee, Siu-lam Anderson, and 李韶林. "Temperature distribution in steel structures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122300X.

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Lee, Siu-lam Anderson. "Temperature distribution in steel structures /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21490090.

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Castanheira, Joel Filipe Gonçalves. "Steel structures design: practical applications." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11492.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
O presente trabalho está inserido num estágio realizado na empresa Alstom e aborda o dimensionamento e a execução de estruturas metálicas para o suporte de tanques de arrefecimento de turbinas de gás. No presente trabalho é referido o dimensionamento da estrutura metálica no seguimento da execução de um projecto (Carrington). No dimensionamento da estrutura metálica tem-se como bastante relevante os seguintes dados: a velocidade do vento, actividade sísmica, tipo de acesso para manutenção dos tanques de arrefecimento, movimentos dos tanques, tipos de normas foram utilizadas no projecto e ainda saber se a estrutura esta situada dentro ou fora do complexo. Os movimentos dos tanques de arrefecimento da turbina de gás tem uma enorme importância no dimensionamento porque, quando conectamos os tanques à estrutura metálica é necessário implementar amortecedores para evitar o choque dos tanques com a estrutura metalica. Estes amortecedores evitam o movimento rápido quando existe actividade sismica travando o movimento dos tanques. Depois do dimensionamento da estrutura estar concretizada, é necessário proceder aos detalhes, neste caso todas as peças desta estrutura têm que ser detalhados em desenho criado em AutoCAD, de maneira a que o fabricante da estrutura saiba toda a informação necessaria para a manufactura da mesma. Também é criado, para isto, uma lista detalhada juntamente com a instrução de montagem com todos os materiais usados na construção da estrutura metálica. A tese fará uma descrição mais aprofundada dos referidos assuntos.
This thesis presentation is in association to an internship program at Alstom, and undertakes the design and execution of metallic structures used to support gas turbine cooling vessels. Specifically mentioned in this thesis is the design and execution of a steel structure for a specific project (Carrington). When designing a metallic structure, the following inputs are extremely relevant; wind velocity, seismic activity, access options for the maintenance of the vessels, the movements of the vessels, subsequent norms or criteria to be used on the project as well as whether the structure is to be located indoor or outdoor of the plant. The movement of the vessels of the gas turbine has an enormous importance on the design of the structure. When connecting the tanks to the steel structure it is necessary to install shock absorbers/ snubbers to avoid any clashes. These shock absorbers prevent any rapid movement of the tanks due to seismic activity. When the steel structure has been designed, it is necessary to finalize any remaining details. In this case, ali the specific pieces pertaining to the structure have to be detailed and illustrated on the AutoCAD program, giving the supplier ali the specific information necessary for the manufacturing process. A detailed list, called bill of material, is also put together along with an instruction assembly manual, of ali materiais used in the construction of the steel structure. The thesis will make a more detailed description of these subjects.
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Magnevall, Martin. "Methods for Simulation and Characterization of Nonlinear Mechanical Structures." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00430.

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Trial and error and the use of highly time-consuming methods are often necessary for modeling, simulating and characterizing nonlinear dynamical systems. However, for the rather common special case when a nonlinear system has linear relations between many of its degrees of freedom there are particularly interesting opportunities for more efficient approaches. The aim of this thesis is to develop and validate new efficient methods for the theoretical and experimental study of mechanical systems that include significant zero-memory or hysteretic nonlinearities related to only small parts of the whole system. The basic idea is to take advantage of the fact that most of the system is linear and to use much of the linear theories behind forced response simulations. This is made possible by modeling the nonlinearities as external forces acting on the underlying linear system. The result is very fast simulation routines where the model is based on the residues and poles of the underlying linear system. These residues and poles can be obtained analytically, from finite element models or from experimental measurements, making these forced response routines very versatile. Using this approach, a complete nonlinear model contains both linear and nonlinear parts. Thus, it is also important to have robust and accurate methods for estimating both the linear and nonlinear system parameters from experimental data. The results of this work include robust and user-friendly routines based on sinusoidal and random noise excitation signals for characterization and description of nonlinearities from experimental measurements. These routines are used to create models of the studied systems. When combined with efficient simulation routines, complete tools are created which are both versatile and computationally inexpensive. The developed methods have been tested both by simulations and with experimental test rigs with promising results. This indicates that they are useful in practice and can provide a basis for future research and development of methods capable of handling more complex nonlinear systems.
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Oosthuizen, Daniel Rudolph. "Data modelling of industrial steel structures." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53346.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: AP230 of STEP is an application protocol for structural steel-framed buildings. Product data relating to steel structures is represented in a model that captures analysis, design and manufacturing views. The information requirements described in AP230 were analysed with the purpose of identifying a subset of entities that are essential for the description of simple industrial steel frames with the view to being able to describe the structural concept, and to perform the structural analysis and design of such structures. Having identified the essential entities, a relational database model for these entities was developed. Planning, analysis and design applications will use the database to collaboratively exchange data relating to the structure. The comprehensiveness of the database model was investigated by mapping a simple industrial frame to the database model. Access to the database is provided by a set of classes called the database representative classes. The data-representatives are instances that have the same selection identifiers and attributes as corresponding information units in the database. The datarepresentatives' primary tasks are to store themselves in the database and to retrieve their state from the database. A graphical user interface application, programmed in Java, used for the description of the structural concept with the capacity of storing the concept in the database and retrieving it again through the use of the database representative classes was also created as part of this project.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: AP230 van STEP is 'n toepassingsprotokol wat staal raamwerke beskryf. Die produkdata ter beskrywing van staal strukture word saamgevat in 'n model wat analise, ontwerp en vervaardigings oogmerke in aanmerking neem. Die informasie vereistes, soos beskryf in AP230, is geanaliseer om 'n subset van entiteite te identifiseer wat noodsaaklik is vir die beskrywing van 'n eenvoudige nywerheidsstruktuur om die strukturele konsep te beskryf en om die struktuur te analiseer en te ontwerp. Nadat die essensiële entiteite geïdentifiseer is, is 'n relasionele databasismodel van die entiteite geskep. Beplanning, analise en ontwerptoepassings maak van die databasis gebruik om kollaboratief data oor strukture uit te ruil. Die omvattenheid van die databasis-model is ondersoek deur 'n eenvoudige nywerheidsstruktuur daarop afte beeld. Toegang tot die databasis word verskaf deur 'n groep Java klasse wat bekend staan as die verteenwoordigende databasis klasse. Hierdie databasis-verteenwoordigers is instansies met dieselfde identifikasie eienskappe as die ooreenkomstige informasie eenhede in die databasis. Die hoofdoel van die databasis-verteenwoordigers is om hulself in die databasis te stoor asook om hul rang weer vanuit die databasis te verkry. 'n Grafiese gebruikerskoppelvlak, geprogrammeer in Java, is ontwikkel. Die koppelvlak word gebruik om die strukturele konsep te beskryf, dit te stoor na die databasis en om dit weer, met behulp van die databasis-verteenwoordigers, uit die databasis te haal.
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Narang, Vikas A. "Heat Transfer Analysis In Steel Structures." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050405-133533/.

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Books on the topic "Nonlinearities on steel structures"

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Denz, Cornelia, Sergej Flach, and Yuri S. Kivshar, eds. Nonlinearities in Periodic Structures and Metamaterials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02066-7.

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Al Nageim, Hassan. Steel Structures. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press,: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315381695.

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Kindmann, Rolf, and Matthias Kraus. Steel Structures. Berlin, Germany: Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783433600771.

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Steel structures design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.

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Iványi, M., and M. Škaloud, eds. Steel Plated Structures. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3002-5.

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Outinen, Jyri. Seminar on steel structures: Design of cold-formed steel structures. Espoo: Helsinki University of Technology, 2000.

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Design of Steel Structures. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995.

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Gaylord, Edwin Henry. Design of steel structures. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992.

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Gaylord, Edwin H. Design of steel structures. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992.

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Dayaratnam, Pasala. Design of steel structures. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Wheeler, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nonlinearities on steel structures"

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Becker, A., V. Berkhahn, and E. Stein. "Weight Optimization of Steel Frames with Consideration of Geometrical and Material Nonlinearities." In Discretization Methods and Structural Optimization — Procedures and Applications, 32–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83707-4_5.

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Gaponov-Grekhov, Andrei V., and Mikhail I. Rabinovich. "Structures." In Nonlinearities in Action, 85–115. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75292-6_4.

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Ibrahimbegovic, Adnan, and Naida Ademovicć. "Steel structures." In Nonlinear Dynamics of Structures Under Extreme Transient Loads, 25–63. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351052504-2.

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Leon, Roberto. "Steel Structures." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_109-1.

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Leon, Roberto. "Steel Structures." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 3417–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_109.

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Levy, Sidney M. "Steel and Steel Structures." In The Construction Superintendent’s Handbook, 171–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8494-6_15.

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Chen, Sheng-Hong. "Hydraulic Steel Gates." In Hydraulic Structures, 869–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47331-3_15.

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Miller, D. A. B. "Optical Nonlinearities in Low-Dimensional Structures." In NATO ASI Series, 165–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1879-8_13.

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Krístek, V. "Methods of Theoretical Analysis of Plated Structures." In Steel Plated Structures, 1–60. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3002-5_1.

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Skaloud, M. "Shear Lag in Wide Flanges and the “Breathing” of Slender Web Plates." In Steel Plated Structures, 61–126. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3002-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nonlinearities on steel structures"

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Vimonsatit, V., and F. Tin-Loi. "Analysis of Steel Frames with Geometric and Material Nonlinearities: MP Approach." In 7th International Conference on Steel and Aluminium Structures. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-9247-0_rp013-icsas11.

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Wang, Fa-Cheng, Hua-Yang Zhao, and Lin-Hai Han. "Analytical behavior of concrete-filled aluminum tubular stub columns under axial compression." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7135.

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This paper presents numerical investigation of circular concrete-filled aluminum tubular (CFAT) stub columns under axial compression. The numerical models were developed using the finite element (FE) package ABAQUS. The parameters commonly employed in conventional CFST FE modeling have been discussed in this study. The nonlinearities of concrete and aluminum materials and the interaction between concrete and aluminum tube were considered. Numerical models were validated against collected experimental data. The ultimate loads, load-axial strain relationship and failure modes from numerical simulations were compared with those from experiments. The verified FE model was used to analyze structural behavior of full histories of the corresponding load-deformation N-ε response. Load-deformation N-ε curves for both concrete and aluminum tube were also presented. Upon on validation of the FE models, additional structural performance data over a wide range of diameter-to-thickness ratios, aluminum grades and concrete strengths were generated for parametric studies. The influences of diameter-to-thickness ratios, aluminum grades and concrete strengths on the ultimate strength were presented in this paper.
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Li, Dongxu, Brian Uy, Farhad Aslani, and Chao Hou. "Numerical analysis of concrete-filled spiral welded stainless steel tubes subjected to compression." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7200.

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Spiral welded stainless tubes are produced by helical welding of a continuous strip of stainless steel. Recently, concrete-filled spiral welded stainless steel tubes have found increasing application in the construction industry due to their ease of fabrication and aesthetic appeal. However, an in-depth understanding of the behaviour of this type of structure is still needed due to the lack of proper design guidance and insufficient experimental verification. In this paper, the mechanical performance of concrete-filled spiral welded stainless steel tubes will be numerically investigated with a commercial finite element software package, through which an experimental program can be designed properly. Specifically, the proposed finite element models take into account the effects of material and geometric nonlinearities. Moreover, the initial imperfections of stainless steel tubes and the form of helical welding will be appropriately included. Enhancement of the understanding of the analysis results can be achieved by extending results through a series of parametric studies based on the developed finite element model. Thus, the effects of various design parameters will be further evaluated by using the developed finite element model. Furthermore, for the purposes of wide application of such types of structure, the accuracy of the behaviour prediction in terms of ultimate strength based on current design codes will be studied. The authors herein compared the load capacity between the finite element analysis results and the existing codes of practice.
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Zhang, Sumei, Jie Chen, Zhenfeng Huang, Xiongxiong Zhang, and Lanhui Guo. "Behavior of innovative T-shaped multi-partition steel-concrete composite columns under concentric and eccentric compressive loadings." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7004.

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T-shaped multi-partition steel-concrete composite column, composed of several concrete-filled rectangular steel hollow sections, is considered as an innovative composite member with the ability to accommodate neighboring wall thickness with great easiness. This paper intends to study the behavior of this innovative composite member under concentric and eccentric compressive loadings. A finite element (FE) analysis model accounting for the influences of confinement effects, geometric and material nonlinearities is developed using the program ABAQUS. The ultimate strength and load-strain responses predicted from the analysis are validated against the test results in the experiments conducted by the authors. The comparisons indicate that the FE model reasonably estimates the responses of the concentrically and eccentrically loaded T-shaped multi-partition steel-concrete composite columns. The verified model is then utilized to numerically investigate the working mechanism of the columns. The load distribution between the infilled concrete and the steel tubes and the stress distribution of the concrete during the loading process are analyzed. Moreover, parametric studies are performed to investigate the behavior of T-shaped multi-partition steel-concrete composite columns under different loadings. The studied parameters include steel to concrete area ratio, concrete compressive strength, steel yield strength and load eccentricity. Combined with the experimental results, FE analysis and parametric studies, the design recommendations for T-shaped multi-partition steel-concrete composite columns under different loadings are proposed.
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Leadenham, Stephen, and Alper Erturk. "Nonlinear Dissipative Electroelastic Dynamics of an M-Shaped Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvester." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7560.

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The use of nonlinear dynamic phenomena for frequency bandwidth enhancement in vibration-based energy harvesting has received growing attention over the last few years. Various designs have been studied to create Duffing oscillators usually by introducing magnetoelastic coupling. In such devices, magnetic forces are typically coupled with elastic beams involving ferromagnetic components to achieve a nonlinear restoring force of the monostable or bistable Duffing type. Other than the increased volume and structural complexity due to additional magnets and discrete components, these magnetoelastic piezoelectric energy harvesters are not suitable to use in various compact applications and in systems that are sensitive to magnetic fields. The M-shaped structural configuration studied in this work overcomes these issues due to the asymmetric stiffness nonlinearity created by a simple structural configuration composed of a bent spring steel beam with piezoelectric patches. The electroelastic dynamics of the M-shaped broadband piezoelectric energy harvester is governed by various interacting nonlinearities, such as the deliberately introduced stiffness nonlinearity of hardening type resulting from the substrate geometry, inherent elastic nonlinearities of softening type as well as hysteretic losses associated with piezoelectric patches, and other dissipative effects due to large velocities experienced in response to base excitation. A recently developed nonlinear non-conservative electroelastic modeling framework for the piezoelectric patches is combined with geometric nonlinearities of the M-shaped energy harvester to establish a nonlinear dissipative model of the electromechanically coupled system. Energy harvesting experiments for a set of resistors and base excitation levels are then performed to experimentally characterize the bandwidth enhancement using the M-shaped broadband piezoelectric energy harvester.
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Vasilikis, Daniel, and Spyros A. Karamanos. "Buckling Design of Confined Steel Cylinders Under External Pressure." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77216.

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Thin-walled steel cylinders surrounded by an elastic medium, when subjected to uniform external pressure may buckle. In the present paper, using a two dimensional model with nonlinear finite elements, which accounts for both geometric and material nonlinearities, the structural response of those cylinders is investigated, towards developing relevant design guidelines. Special emphasis is given on the response of the confined cylinders in terms of initial imperfections; those are considered in the form of initial out-of-roundness of the cylinder and as an initial gap between the cylinder and the medium. Furthermore, the effects of the deformability of the surrounding medium are examined. The results indicate significant imperfection sensitivity and a strong dependency on the medium stiffness. The numerical results are employed to develop a simple and efficient design methodology, which is compatible with the recent general provisions of European design recommendations for shell buckling, and could be used for design purposes.
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Chatzopoulou, Giannoula, Ioannis Skarakis, Spyros A. Karamanos, Nicholas G. Tsouvalis, and Aglaia E. Pournara. "Numerical Simulation of CFRP Reinforced Steel Pipe Elbows Subjected to Cyclic Loading." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63853.

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Strengthening of pipelines and piping systems under extreme loading conditions increases their operation safety level towards safeguarding their structural integrity. Motivated by the structural integrity of pipelines and piping systems, the present study aims at investigating the effect of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) wrapping on the mechanical response of cyclically-loaded steel pipe elbows. Based on experimental testing results, a finite element model is developed, which simulates reinforced and non-reinforced pipe elbows specimens subjected to low-cyclic fatigue. For the description of the material nonlinearities, an efficient cyclic-plasticity material model is also employed, capable of describing both the yield plateau region of the steel stress-strain curve and the Bauschinger effect that appears under reverse plastic loading conditions. The results from the numerical models are compared successfully with the experimental data. Furthermore, a parametric analysis is conducted in order to examine the effect of internal pressure on the structural behavior of unreinforced and reinforced elbows, subjected to cyclic loading.
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Varelis, George E., and Spyros A. Karamanos. "Buckling of High-Strength Steel Cylinders Under Cyclic Bending in the Inelastic Range." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-98159.

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The present paper examines the structural behavior of high-strength elongated steel cylinders, referred to as tubes or pipes, subjected to strong cyclic bending, through a rigorous finite element simulation. The cylinder exhibits cross-sectional distortion, in the form of ovalization, combined with excessive plastic deformations. Those deformations, under repeated loading, may lead to instability in the form of local buckling (wrinkling) and, eventually, failure of the loaded member. The study focuses on relatively-thick-walled cylindrical members, which exhibit local buckling in the plastic range of the steel material, with the use of advanced nonlinear finite element models able to describe both geometrical and material nonlinearities. A cyclic plasticity model that adopts the “Bounding Surface” concept is employed, calibrated through special-purpose material testing, and implemented within ABAQUS, using a user-subroutine. The numerical model is validated by comparison with available experimental data on tubular members made of high-strength steel. Finally, a parametric numerical study is conducted, aimed at determining the effects of geometrical imperfections of the cylinder on its plastic buckling performance.
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Wang, Shen, Necip O. Akinci, Jie Li, and William H. Johnson. "Design of Nuclear Safety-Related Steel Ducts/Pipes for Tornado Missile Impact." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55023.

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For nuclear power plant life extension projects, it may be convenient and in some instances necessary to locate safety-related steel ducts and pipes outside of the main structures, exposing them to extreme environmental loads such as tornado missile impact. Examples of such applications include emergency firewater lines and Control Room vent ducts. The design of a tornado-impacted duct or pipe system requires an estimate of its dynamic response and an establishment of damage limits. These considerations are complicated by the system geometric and material nonlinearities and the local triaxiality effects on the response ductility limit. Simple, but acceptable accurate techniques for comprehensive evaluation of steel ducts under impact loads have not been established. This study presents simplified evaluation techniques for a steel duct/pipe under a heavy impact load, using fundamental concepts. The approach presented could be utilized to evaluate steel ducts/pipes against not only tornado missile impact loadings, but other types of transient loads as well. Both local and global responses of duct/pipe lines under missile impacts are evaluated. Applied impulse loadings for various types of tornado missiles are first established. A non-linear pseudo-static finite element analysis is performed in lieu of a more complicated dynamic analysis. The result is adopted for evaluation of the local ductility of ducts and pipes by using triaxial strain criteria. Global ductility and global shear checks are performed based on inelastic single-degree-of-freedom analysis methods. Pipe line design diameters and thicknesses are then determined based on the local ductility, global ductility and global shear evaluations. Accuracy of the non-linear pseudostatic analysis is discussed and a practical example using the proposed methodology is presented.
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Ghazi, Reza Mohammadi, James Long, and Oral Buyukozturk. "Structural Damage Detection Based on Energy Transfer Between Intrinsic Modes." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3022.

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In this study, a new damage detection algorithm for specific types of damages such as breathing cracks, which are called “active discontinuities” in this paper, is proposed. The algorithm is based on the nonlinear behavior of this class of damages and hence, is more precise and sensitive to damage compared to other common linear methods. The active discontinuities can be regarded as additional degrees of freedom (DOFs) which need energy to be excited. Because the input energy of both the intact and the damaged structures is finite, the energy content of vibrating modes will be changed due to damage. Thus, the properties of distribution of energy between vibrating modes can be used as indices for detecting damage. An essential detectability condition using this concept is decomposing a signal such that no spurious mode imposed to its expansion. In order to satisfy this condition, Empirical Mode decomposition (EMD) is used to extract the vibrating modes since all nonlinearities in a signal are preserved while no spurious mode or assumption of stationarity is imposed on the problem. Prevention of mode mixing, which is an important drawback of EMD, is another necessary condition for robustness of the algorithm. A solution is proposed in this paper to satisfy this condition in which special constraints are imposed on the normal procedure of EMD. Then, the fourth central moment, kurtosis, is used to compare the distribution of energy between the modified vibrating modes. The algorithm is verified through experimental testing of a simple steel cantilever structure under various damage scenarios. Results demonstrate the efficacy of the method for detecting discontinuities in a real structure.
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Reports on the topic "Nonlinearities on steel structures"

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Nayfeh, Ali H., and Dean T. Mook. The Effect of Nonlinearities on Flexible Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada222705.

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Kenneth Kremer, Anthony Liszkiewicz, and James Adkins. Development of Steel Foam Materials and Structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840932.

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Griffith, Daniel Todd, and Daniel Joseph Segalman. Finite element calculations illustrating a method of model reduction for the dynamics of structures with localized nonlinearities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/897608.

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CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC. Inspection, Evaluation, and Repair of Hydraulic Steel Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403421.

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CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC. Engineering and Design: Responsibility for Hydraulic Steel Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404088.

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Race, Timothy D., Ashok Kumar, Robert A. Weber, and L. D. Stephenson. Overcoating of Lead-Based Paint on Steel Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412886.

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Garlock, Maria, Joel Kruppa, Guo-Qiang Li, and Bin Zhao. White paper on fire behavior of steel structures. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.gcr.15-984.

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Dexter, Robert J., Hussam N. Mahmoud, Joseph A. Padula, and Guillermo A. Riveros. Fitness-for-Purpose Evaluation of Hydraulic Steel Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada474623.

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Guo, Yu-Tao, Jian-Sheng Fan, and Jian-Guo Nie. THE NEW TREND OF COMPARTMENT STEEL-CONCRETE-STEEL COMPOSITE STRUCTURES IN IMMERSED TUNNELS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.100.

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Chan, K. S., R. C. CmClung, and T. Y. Torng. Microstructure-Based Fatigue Life Prediction Methods for Naval Steel Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265429.

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