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Journal articles on the topic 'Nonmetallic Inclusions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Mayerhofer, Alexander, Dali You, Peter Presoly, Christian Bernhard, and Susanne K. Michelic. "Study on the Possible Error Due to Matrix Interaction in Automated SEM/EDS Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel by Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Electrolytic Extraction." Metals 10, no. 7 (2020): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070860.

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Up to now, the Fe content of nonmetallic particles has often been neglected in chemical evaluations due to the challenging analysis of matrix elements in nonmetallic inclusions (NMI) in steel by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (SEM/EDS). Neglecting matrix elements as possible bonding partners of forming particles may lead to inaccurate results. In the present study, a referencing method for the iron content in nonmetallic inclusions in the submicrometer region is described focusing on the system Fe-Mn-O. Thermodynamic and kinetic calculations are applie

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2

Hong, Sung Hwan, Jung Hoon Kang, and Jeong Whan Han. "Effect of Dam Design on the Fluid Flow in T-Shaped Continuous Casting Tundish." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.251.

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In the continuity casting technology of steel-manufacturing process, the tundish has two important functions: the preservation and distribution of molten metal and the reaction container able to perform float-out separation of nonmetallic inclusions. The residence time affects the effective removal of the nonmetallic inclusions. In this study, a T-shaped tundish with a submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and three strands was investigated for its ability to extend the residence time. Analysis conditions were the shape of the dam which was transformed to three cases. Fluid flow and non-metallic inclus

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3

Chumanov, I. V., A. N. Anikeev, and D. V. Sergeev. "Studying Influence of Rotation an Electrode on the Number Nonmetallic Inclusions in Received Eletroslag Metal." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.154.

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Quality improvement metal, in particular decrease content nonmetallic inclusions, is very important tasks as mechanical, thermal and anticorrosive characteristics metal depend on it. Electroslag remelting well influences quality on metal: content harmful impurity decreases, metal density increases, nonmetallic inclusions are removed. A method quality improvement metal by means of removal of nonmetallic inclusions at classical electroslag remelting and remelting with rotation electrode it is offered in this article. Also metallographic surveys experimental materials received are given in articl

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4

Yamashita, Fumiyoshi, Yasunori Ide, Suguru Kato, et al. "Effect of Nonmetallic Inclusions on Fatigue Properties of Superelastic Ti-Ni Fine Wire." Metals 9, no. 9 (2019): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090999.

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This study investigated the effects of the types and length of nonmetallic inclusions on fatigue properties in rotating bending fatigue testing of Ti-Ni alloy fine wire. It was fabricated to include titanium carbides Ti(C,O) and titanium oxides Ti4Ni2Ox as either single phases or a mixture of both phases as nonmetallic inclusions in Ti-Ni alloy. The fatigue strength of Ti-Ni alloy depended on the number of nonmetallic inclusions of a length of ≥2 μm. Compared with Ti(C,O), Ti4Ni2Ox is coarse. It also exhibited a trend of readily forming particles and void assemblies, which are a defect morphol

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5

Sobolev, Yu V., Yu M. Batov, S. Yu Afanas’ev, S. A. Chernyakhovskii, L. T. Afanas’eva, and A. G. Vladimirov. "Nonmetallic inclusions in important steels." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2011, no. 6 (2011): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602951106022x.

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6

Babenko, Anatoly A., Vladimir I. Zhuchkov, and Natalia I. Selmenskih. "Effect of Boron on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Tube Steel." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.374.

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Effects of boron in low-carbon tube steel grade 17G1SU on nonmetallic inclusions, structure and mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental samples of rolled metal containing boron 0.006 and 0.011% are characterized by predominantly small, nonmetallic inclusions not more than 5 μm, which are represented by complex alumomagnesium spinels in the shell of manganese and calcium sulfides, and small silicate inclusions. Nonmetallic inclusions of comparative pipe steel sample, containing no boron characterized by the presence of larger inclusions presented complex oxysulfide and sulfide fil

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7

Xu, Yi, and Shu Qin. "Study on FGH95 Superalloy Prepared by Spray Forming." Advanced Materials Research 337 (September 2011): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.434.

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FGH95 superalloy cylindrical billet was prepared by spray forming, The yield is 73.6%, porosity is 0.6%, the oxygen content is only 20ppm. Spray forming preparation method and technological parameter were illustrated. The microstructure on the different positions of billet were observed. The results show that the difference of γ′ phase size, feature and distribution depend on different cooling velocity and local temperature difference during the spray forming process. SEM of nonmetallic inclusions were observed, and XPS of nonmetallic inclusions, nozzle and adhesive were analysed, the results

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8

Sun, Chuxiong, Yifeng Guo, Qiang Li, et al. "Numerical Simulation on Saffman Force Controlled Inclusions Removal during the ESR Process." Metals 10, no. 5 (2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050647.

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Electroslag remelting (ESR) is an effective method for removing nonmetallic inclusions from steels or alloys. The main stage of inclusion removal during ESR is the aggregation of liquid metal film (LMF) to form droplets at the consumable electrode tip. In this study, a lab-level ESR experiment was carried out. The number and size of inclusions at the characteristic position of the electrode were quantitatively counted. The number of inclusions in the center position of LMF were larger than that in other regions. To elucidate these phenomena, a two-dimensional mathematical model was established

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9

Babin, G. V., D. V. Rutskiy, N. A. Zyuban, and A. Yu Agarkov. "CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF NON-METAL INCLUSIONS AND CONTAMINATION STEEL D DURED BY ALUMINUM." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 7(242) (July 29, 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-7-242-86-91.

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Using optical and electron microscopy methods, the pollution of grade D carbon steel by nonmetallic inclusions in samples taken at the stages of metallurgical redistribution (EAF → LF → VOD → Casting). Metal contamination and chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions are determined. It was shown that deoxidation at the stage of production of the intermediate by aluminum leads to the formation of nonmetallic inclusions of corundum (Al2O3) in the metal melt, the proportion of which in total over all redistributions is 52%. Identification and assessment of contamination by non-metallic incl

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10

Khoroshailov, V. G., L. T. Zhukova, E. G. Lashkova, and N. B. Tsvetova. "Nonmetallic inclusions in steel U10A wire." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 32, no. 11 (1990): 881–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00700074.

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11

Chen, Yong, Tian Ming Chen, Xin Hua Wang, and Jun Chen. "Thermodynamic Analysis on Precipitation of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Gear Steel." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1060.

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In order to make nonmetallic inclusions with low melting point and improve the fatigue resistance of gear steel, thermodynamic analysis on precipitation of nonmetallic inclusions CaO(MgO)-Al2O3 system was investigated in this paper. The complex deoxidation equilibria of strong deoxidizing elements such as aluminum, calcium, magnesium and so on were calculated accurately with the second order and middle term of the activity coefficient expression. Thermodynamic conditions for the precipitation of spinel inclusion (MgO•Al2O3) is sufficient as the acid-soluble aluminum content is 0.04% and magnes

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12

Janis, Diana, Ryo Inoue, Andrey Karasev, and Pär G. Jönsson. "Application of Different Extraction Methods for Investigation of Nonmetallic Inclusions and Clusters in Steels and Alloys." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/210486.

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The characterization of nonmetallic inclusions is of importance for the production of clean steel in order to improve the mechanical properties. In this respect, a three-dimensional (3D) investigation is considered to be useful for an accurate evaluation of size, number, morphology of inclusions, and elementary distribution in each inclusion particle. In this study, the application of various extraction methods (chemical extraction/etching by acid or halogen-alcohol solutions, electrolysis, sputtering with glow discharge, and so on) for 3D estimation of nonmetallic Al2O3inclusions and clusters

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13

Yamaguchi, K., T. Nakamoto, T. Mizuno, and S. Daido. "The Development of Free Machining Sintered Metals Including Nonmetallic Materials." Journal of Engineering for Industry 115, no. 3 (1993): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901661.

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This paper deals with the lubricating action of nonmetallic inclusions in metal cutting. The purpose of this study is to find the most effective inclusions for metal cutting, and to develop free machining sintered metals including nonmetallic materials. The most effective additives are glass, boron nitride, and talc. By the addition of 3 percent glass to the iron, tool life could be increased 60 times.

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14

Mo, Zhiying, Zhendong Wang, Rudong Wang, et al. "Distribution of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Slab for Tinplate." Metals 12, no. 4 (2022): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040679.

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Tinplate is widely used in food packaging and chemical packaging. Industrial production continues to reduce the thickness of tinplate steel, which puts higher requirements on the control of inclusions. In this study, compared with traditional detection methods, the Ultrasonic Detection method can analyze the distribution of nonmetallic inclusions in larger size samples, which is closer to the actual production process. The numerical simulation model is established to analyze the flow, heat transfer and solidification behavior of molten steel. The results show: There are two nonmetallic inclusi

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15

Gubenko, S. I., and E. V. Parusov. "Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions during hot rolling of steels." Physicochemical Mechanics of Materials 60, no. 3 (2024): 115–23. https://doi.org/10.15407/pcmm2024.03.115.

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Peculiarities of the transformation of non-metallic inclusions of various types, as well as their fracture during hot rolling of sheet steels and wire rod products, depending on the temperature and force regimes along the entire route of pressure treatment, were studied. It is shown that the differences in the parameters of technological processes of hot deformation determines the differences in the processes of shape change and redistribution of inclusions in the steel matrix, as well as competing phenomena which accompany them (contact friction and slipping at the inclusion-matrix boundaries

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16

Koh, Jin Hyun, and Bok Su Jang. "Effect of Ti on the Microstructures and Toughness of TMCP-600 Steel Weld Metals." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.462.

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The Ti addition effect on the characteristics of weld metal, such as impact energy, microstructure and nonmetallic inclusions, was investigated to develop a suitable gas metal arc welding wire for the high strength of TMCP (Thermo Mechanical Control Process)-600 steel. The fraction of acicular ferrite which was known to be a favorable weld metal microstructure for toughness was increased with Ti content from 0.002% to 0.025%, The impact energy of weld metal was increased whereas the ductile to brittle transition temperature was decreased with increasing Ti content. The size of nonmetallic incl

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17

Tan, Zhe, Mikael Ersson, and Pär G. Jönsson. "Effect of TurboSwirl on Inclusions during Ingot Casting of Steels." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/805734.

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The use of TurboSwirl to obtain an improved steel cleanliness during filling of an ingot was numerically studied by VOF and DPM models. It was found that a radius-reduced TurboSwirl or a proper tapered mold entrance nozzle with an adequate developed region for steel flow can reduce the risk of mold flux entrapment in a mold. The ingot casting process can create highly turbulent conditions inside the mold during the initial stages of casting. Since the TurboSwirl generates much calmer filling conditions it can promote separation of large nonmetallic inclusions. The TurboSwirl also collects larg

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18

Toleuova, Ainagul, Gulnaz Musina, and Saule Kaldybayeva. "Modifying and Micro-Alloying Effect on Carbon Steels Microstructure." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.359.

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Small additives of elements exhibiting high chemical activity with respect to iron and impurities, included in its composition, have a complex effect on the structure and properties of steel. Moreover, as a result of the modifying and refining effect of micro-additives, the amount, dispersion and morphology of nonmetallic inclusions change, and when alloying the matrix, hardenability, uniformity of structure and resistance to brittle fracture of steels change, too. The article presents a metallographic analysis of carbon steel deoxidized by a complex Са – Ва alloy. Deoxidation of steel using t

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19

Sharapova, V. V. "Titanium-bearing nonmetallic inclusions in manganese ferroalloys." Steel in Translation 40, no. 12 (2010): 1092–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091210120168.

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20

Burmasov, S. P., A. V. Murzin, L. E. Dresvyankina, and V. V. Meling. "Eliminating corrosive nonmetallic inclusions from pipe steel." Steel in Translation 44, no. 6 (2014): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091214060059.

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21

Gleinig, Johannes, Anja Weidner, Jens Fruhstorfer, Christos G. Aneziris, Olena Volkova, and Horst Biermann. "Characterization of Nonmetallic Inclusions in 18CrNiMo7-6." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 50, no. 1 (2018): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-018-1431-4.

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22

Dub, A. V., N. V. Barulenkova, T. V. Morozova, et al. "Nonmetallic Inclusions in Low-Alloy Tube Steel." Metallurgist 49, no. 3-4 (2005): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-005-0067-1.

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23

Zhao, Bin, Yi Shang Zhang, and Zhu Feng Yue. "Indentation Behavior of Aluminum Alloy with Inclusions." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 980–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.980.

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In this paper Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to study the indentation behavior of aluminum alloy 2A12 with nonmetallic inclusions. Indentation elastic-plastic tests and indentation creep tests were simulated with a cylindrical indenter to analyze the influence of the inclusion size and the inclusion depth. FEM results indicate that the existence of inclusions will have certain influence on the indentation behavior, and when the inclusion size is close to the indenter size, the influence is obvious. For the indentation method, the conclusions can provide some useful information in the pro

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24

Serov, G. V., A. A. Komissarov, S. M. Tikhonov, et al. "Deoxidizing effect on the low-alloyed steel's nonmetallic inclusion's compositions." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 12 (December 25, 2018): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-12-3-8.

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The investigating results are given in the article for the deoxidizing effect on the non-metallic inclusion compositions tubes steels melted in the vacuum induction furnaces with periclase lining. The oxygen thermodynamic activity was calculated for the lanthanum, cerium, alumina and yttrium melts during four heats. The magnesia spinel inclusion's formation condition was evaluated depending on the deoxidizer's used and on the deoxidizing depth. It was shown how the reduced alumina concentration during the steel ladle treatment governs the non-metal inclusions' compositions and on the possibili

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25

Cheng, Yi Yuan, Zi Zhen Chen, Yong Jun Niu, and Zheng Fang Wang. "Influence of Inclusions on Strength and Toughness of X70 Pipeline Steel Girth Weld." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 1554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1554.

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In this paper, SEM, EPMA, and micro shear experimental method were applied to analyse the structure, inclusion morphology and composition, micro-area strength and toughness of the X70 pipeline steel girth weld joint. The results show that inclusions are mainly nonmetallic oxides, sulfides and calcium compounds. The length of inclusions can be up to 1mm, which have substantially reduced the strength and toughness of weld joint. By the combining effect of internal and external force, cracks tend to initiate around inclusions and propagate along the direction of inclusions, and finally reduce the

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Imashuku, Susumu, Koichiro Ono, and Kazuaki Wagatsuma. "X-Ray Excited Optical Luminescence and Portable Electron Probe Microanalyzer–Cathodoluminescence (EPMA–CL) Analyzers for On-Line and On-Site Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 6 (2017): 1143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617012685.

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AbstractThe potential of the application of an X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) analyzer and portable analyzers, composed of a cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrometer and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), to the on-line and on-site analysis of nonmetallic inclusions in steel is investigated as the first step leading to their practical use. MgAl2O4 spinel and Al2O3 particles were identified by capturing the luminescence as a result of irradiating X-rays in air on a model sample containing MgAl2O4 spinel and Al2O3 particles in the size range from 20 to 50 μm. We were able to identify t

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27

Zhang, Xianguang, Wen Yang, Haikun Xu, and Lifeng Zhang. "Effect of Cooling Rate on the Formation of Nonmetallic Inclusions in X80 Pipeline Steel." Metals 9, no. 4 (2019): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040392.

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Nonmetallic inclusions have a strong influence on the hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in pipeline steels, which should be well controlled to improve the steel resistance to HIC and SSC. The effects of cooling rate on the formation of nonmetallic inclusions have been studied both experimentally and thermodynamically. It was found that the increasing cooling rate increased the number density and decreased the size of the inclusions, while the inverse results were obtained by decreasing the cooling rate. Furthermore, as the cooling rate decreased from 10 to 0.035

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28

Babenko, Anatoly A., Natalia I. Selmensky, and Alena G. Upolovnikova. "The study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel, microalloying by boron." Butlerov Communications 57, no. 1 (2019): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-1-143.

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The paper presents the results of the study of non-metallic inclusions, the structure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel, microalloying by boron. The study of the amount and composition of nonmetallic inclusions showed that with the introduction of boron the volume fraction of oxide and oxysulfide inclusions increases and the volume fraction of sulfide inclusions significantly decreases. At the same time, the alloying of steel with boron increases to 99.7% the proportion of inclusions with a size of no more than 5 microns against 80.6% in the metal without boron. In the metal with b

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29

Zhu, Hangyu, Jixuan Zhao, Jianli Li, Qian Hu, and Chenxi Peng. "Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in pipeline steel during LF and VD refining process." High Temperature Materials and Processes 39, no. 1 (2020): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2020-0088.

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AbstractThe formation and evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in pipeline steel were investigated by SEM, EDS and INCA Feature Analysis System, with the industrial process of electric arc furnace → ladle furnace (LF) refining → vacuum degassing → continuous casting. The composition, size and amount of inclusions during refining process were discussed systematically. The results show that inclusions at each refining step are mainly small-particle inclusions (below 5 µm), and the total number of inclusions has been reduced significantly due to the refining effect of slag during LF refining. The

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Song, Gaoyang, Zhe Wang, Bo Song, et al. "Directional separation of nonmetallic inclusions from copper melt reinforced by supergravity." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 3 (2022): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022035.

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An emerging method of supergravity fields was introduced to separate nonmetallic inclusions from liquid copper. The copper melt containing oxide inclusions was treated via solidification at a certain cooling rate under different gravity fields, and the separation effect and moving behavior of inclusion particles were investigated systematically. The results show that the occurrence of oxide inclusions floating toward the top of the sample rapidly was intensified by the supergravity field, and some oxide inclusions can be absorbed in the covering slag. The oxygen content in the melt is signific

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31

Amezhnov, A. V., I. G. Rodionova, and B. M. Mogutnov. "Establishment of optimal technological regimes of out-of-furnace processing of low-alloyed steels in order to ensure their high corrosion resistance in aqueous media through the formation of favorable non-metallic inclusions." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 10 (January 23, 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2019-10-54-60.

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Based on the analysis of the technological principles of managing the formation of nonmetallic inclusions and the results of additional studies, optimal process conditions for out-of-furnace processing of steel were established, ensuring not only low contamination of nonmetallic inclusions (HB), but also the formation of nonmetallic inclusions of a favorable morphology that do not adversely affect the corrosion resistance of steel. It is shown that this is achieved by regulated input of aluminum for deoxidation and alloying of steel, limiting its content in steel, limiting the input temperatur

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Gaivoronoskii, A. V., and N. V. Pavlova. "Study of effect of wheel steel microalloying by calcium and barium on nonmetallic inclusions modification." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 6 (2020): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-6-564-572.

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The increase in freight cars axis loads, dynamic loads and heat impact on the wheels, change of other factors, stipulated by railway transport traffic intensification lead to considerable decrease of service life of solid-rolled wheels. To increase the service life of them, provision of the transport metal purity in non-deformed oxide nonmetallic inclusions with high content of Al2O3, decrease of general steel pollution by nonmetallic inclusions by micro-alloying and modification is an actual task. The purpose of the study was elaboration of wheel steel ladle treatment technology, including th

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Yang, Wen-Sheng, Shuai Liu, Shao-Wei Han, et al. "Characteristics and Transformation Mechanism of Nonmetallic Inclusions in 304 Stainless Steel during Heat Treatment at 1250 °C." Materials 13, no. 23 (2020): 5396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235396.

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Evolutions of two typical types of nonmetallic inclusions, i.e., inclusions based on CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 and MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 of 304 stainless steel were investigated in laboratory-scale experiments under isothermal heat treatment at 1250 °C for 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. Results show inclusion population density increases at the first stage and then decreases while their average size decreases and then increases. Moreover, almost no Cr2O3 content within the inclusion before the heat treatment, but Cr2O3 content increases gradually along with increasing heat treatment time. Furthermore, the increasing of

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Burtsev, V. T., E. B. Chabina, and S. N. Anuchkin. "Effect of magnesium and calcium on oxygen activity in model nickel melts at PAr = 0.1 MPa and analysis of nonmetallic inclusions." Electrical Metallurgy, no. 11 (2021): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-5781-2021-0-11-2-11.

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The EMF method was used to study the oxygen activity in nickel melts during the deoxidation of Mg/Ca (up to 0.2 wt.%) in the atmosphere of ultrapure Ar. The logarithmic dependences were expressed in the change a[O] from the concentrations of deoxidizers. A significant increase in the deoxidation capacity of Mg and Ca was shown in comparison with Al at a content of 0.05 wt.% of the deoxidizers in the metal. The morphology and composition of nonmetallic inclusions after deoxidation were studied and complex configurations of nonmetallic inclusions from 2 to 100 microns located along the grain bou

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Rodionova, Irina, and Andrey Amezhnov. "Improving the corrosion resistance of steels intended for use in seawater." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912104011.

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The results of study of influence of the chemical composition of steel, the structural condition and contamination of nonmetallic inclusions of various types on its corrosion resistance in seawater are presented in the paper. The requirements for increased-corrosion-resistance steel for marine conditions and oilfield pipelines have been compared. It has been shown that a mandatory requirement for ensuring high corrosion resistance of steels is to ensure the purity of steels from unfavorable types of nonmetallic inclusions. It has also been shown that reducing the carbon content and alloying wi

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Fuchs, D., S. Schurer, T. Tobie, and K. Stahl. "A model approach for considering nonmetallic inclusions in the calculation of the local tooth root load-carrying capacity of high-strength gears made of high-quality steels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (2019): 7309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219840676.

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Demands for higher performance have caused a need for improved component characteristics, e.g. through surface strengthening of gears and increased cleanliness of gear steels. Unfortunately, a resultant drawback is that cracks in such high-strength gears are more often initiated in the material matrix at nonmetallic inclusions and not at the surface. In standardized calculation methods, the degree of cleanliness of steels is not yet directly correlated to the tooth root load-carrying capacity. This paper considers the effects of nonmetallic inclusions in the steel matrix on the tooth root stre

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Galek, Tomasz, Andrzej Łączek, and Karol Łysiak. "Study of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Aluminum–Silicon Alloys." Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology 44, no. 1 (2020): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amst-2019-0008.

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AbstractIn this article, a study of nonmetallic inclusions introduced during the casting process of the aluminum–silicon alloy is presented. The samples were investigated using a scanning electron microscope to find the chemical composition and X-ray tomography to check the volumetric content of the non-metallic inclusions. The samples were made from AlSi7Mg alloy, used for car wheels, with 7% weight content of Si, 89% of Al, and 0.3% of Mg. The main goal of our investigations was to find out the chemical composition of the impurities and to identify the stage of the casting process at which t

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Tokovoi, O. K., and D. V. Shaburov. "Nonmetallic inclusions in vacuum-treated austenitic stainless steel." Steel in Translation 45, no. 12 (2015): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s096709121512013x.

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Seo, Kangmyung, Hoisoo Ryoo, Hee Jin Kim, Joong Geun Yoon, and Changhee Lee. "Nature of nonmetallic inclusions in electrogas weld metal." Welding in the World 66, no. 2 (2022): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40194-021-01246-5.

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KIKUTA, Yoneo, Takao ARAKI, and Akio HIROSE. "The effect of nonmetallic inclusions on hydrogen embrittlement." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 36, no. 404 (1987): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.36.500.

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Lunev, V. V., and V. P. Pirozhkova. "Nature and diagnostics of nonmetallic inclusions in steels." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2012, no. 6 (2012): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029512060122.

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Stepanov, A. B., A. I. Zaitsev, B. A. Sarychev, A. Yu Dzyuba, and A. V. Koldaev. "Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions During Spring Steel Treatment." Metallurgist 59, no. 9-10 (2016): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-016-0194-x.

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Vainshtein, A. A., A. M. Rekov, and V. V. Lapin. "Microstrain distribution near the boundaries of nonmetallic inclusions." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 32, no. 10 (1990): 759–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00693695.

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Shi, Gongqi, Shouze Zhou, and Peidao Ding. "Investigation of nonmetallic inclusions in high-speed steels." Materials Characterization 38, no. 1 (1997): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-5803(96)00152-0.

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Kiviö, Miia, and Lauri Holappa. "Addition of Titanium Oxide Inclusions into Liquid Steel to Control Nonmetallic Inclusions." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 43, no. 2 (2011): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-011-9603-5.

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46

Dervis Mujagic, Sc, Sc Aida Imamovic, and Sc Mustafa Hadzalic. "NONMETALLIC INCLUSIONS IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL AISI 303 MICROALLOYED WITH ZIRCONIUM AND TELLURIUM." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (2021): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12368.

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The control of formation of nonmetallic inclusion and the characterization present the basis of improvement of steel product properties and lead to sustainable development in design of new steel grades. In order to produce steels with better machinability, such as AISI 303 grades, a modification of inclusions with carefully designed chemical composition is presented. Sulphur by creating sulphide inclusions reduces friction and cutting resistance, and increases the brittleness of the chip.Considering its harmful effect in steel, as well as the fact that non-metallic inclusions have been insuffi

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KOZYREV, N. A., I. V. OSETKOVSKII, A. A. USOL’TSEV, E. V. POLEVOI та A. R. MIKHNO. "STUDY OF COMPOSITION OF NONMETALLIC INCLUSIONS AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF ELECTRIC ARC COATING FORMED USING FLUX-CORED WIRE OF THE Fe‒C‒Si‒Mn‒Сr‒Ni‒Mo SYSTEM". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 78, № 3 (2022): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2022-3-264-270.

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The creation of modern technologies for the formation of wear-resistant coatings by the electric arc method requires research on the structure and composition of the electric arc surface layer. The composition of nonmetallic inclusions and microstructure of electric arc coating using flux-cored wire of Fe‒C‒Si‒Mn‒Сr‒Ni‒Mo system were studied. The formation of electric arc coating was carried out with a welding tractor ASAW-1250 using fabricated flux-cored wire on plates of 09Г2С steel. In order to influence the level of contamination of the deposited metal with oxide nonmetallic inclusions, al

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Babenko, A. A., V. I. Zhuchkov, N. I. Sel’menskikh, and A. G. Upolovnikova. "Structure and properties of 17G1S-U low-carbon pipe steel microalloyed by boron." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 10 (2018): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-10-774-779.

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The results of analysis of the influence of boron microalloying on structure and properties of 17G1S-U pipe steel are given in the paper. Studies of metal structure were performed by electron microscopy and local X-ray spectral analysis. It has been established that metal containing 0.006 % of boron is characterized by an increased volume concentration to 0.029 % of oxide (OS) and oxysulfide (OSB) inclusions, whose content in metal without boron reaches 0.006 %. Separate sulphide inclusions (CB), whose concentration does not exceed 0.004 % against 0.029 % in a metal without boron, containing 0

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Sokolov, Roman, Vitaly Novikov, Ilja Kovenskij, Kamil Muratov, Anatolii Venediktov, and Larisa Chaugarova. "The effect of heat treatment on the formation of MnS compound in low-carbon structural steel 09Mn2Si." Metal Working and Material Science 24, no. 4 (2022): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2022-24.4-113-126.

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Introduction. The properties of steels are determined by many factors, including the manufacturing process and subsequent treatment. Some features of these processes lead to the fact that in steel, apart from alloying elements added to obtain a certain level of physical and mechanical properties, there are also foreign impurities that enter it at various stages. Foreign elements can not only dissolve in the matrix, but also participate in the formation of particles of nonmetallic inclusions acting as defects. Its presence significantly affects the performance characteristics of the material. T

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Kacar, Y., D. Kruger, and P. C. Pistorius. "Evolution of oxide and nitride inclusions during processing of stainless steel." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 121, no. 8 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/923/2021.

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Because of its superior properties, stainless steel has been widely used for many applications. Nonmetallic inclusions can influence the quality of stainless steel products. A set of samples was used to track the response of inclusion composition during processing of a heat of titanium-bearing 18% chromium steel, from deoxidation after decarburization, to the solidified slab. The oxide inclusions responded as expected to additions of deoxidizers and calcium treatment, changing from silica to alumina and spinels, and then to calcium aluminates. The samples confirmed that titanium nitride can nu

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