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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nonverbal behavior'
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Floyd, Kory 1968. "Evaluative and behavioral responses to nonverbal liking behavior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282653.
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An intuitive notion regarding the communication of liking is that it is consistently associated with positive relational outcomes. An alternative possibility is that when expressions of liking comprise a negative violation of expectancies, they produce outcomes that are actually more negative than those produced by the absence of such expressions. The current experiment tests this prediction with respect to evaluative and behavioral responses to nonverbal expressions of liking. Ninety-six adults were paired with same-sex strangers and induced to expect the strangers either to like or dislike them and to desire that the strangers either like or dislike them. The strangers, who were trained confederates, enacted nonverbal behaviors associated either with liking or disliking during a short experimental interaction with participants. Participants' evaluations of confederates were most favorable when confederates' behaviors matched participants' desires, whether the desire was to be liked or disliked. Behaviorally, participants matched desired behavior from confederates and reacted with complementarity to undesired behavior. These results suggest the counterintuitive notion that expressions of liking are not consistently associated with positive relational outcomes, but that factors such as receivers' desires and expectations largely determine what outcomes will be produced. The results also raise important issues for how expectations are conceptually and operationally defined.
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Muscanell, Nicole Lori. "Computer-mediated persuasion emoticons as a proxy for nonverbal behavior /." Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/2122.
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Müller, Olga. "Das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa - Eine Analyse mit dem Schwerpunkt Geschlecht und soziale Hierarchie." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-175872.
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Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, den Wert der nonverbalen Ausdrucksmittel für einen erfolgreichen Kommunikationsverlauf zu verdeutlichen und aufzuzeigen, welche Rolle Geschlecht und soziale Hierarchie in der nonverbalen Kommunikation spielen und in welchem Maße sie eine Interaktion beeinflussen können.
Als Untersuchungsgegenstand fungiert das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado, wobei der Fokus auf den Faktoren Geschlecht und soziale Hierarchie und deren Ausdruck in der nonverbalen Kommunikation liegt. Die Durchführung der Untersuchung erfolgt anhand des medial inszenierten Abbildes von Rafael Correa, das ihn in einer diskursiven Beziehung darstellt, d.h. Aufzeichnungen politischer Debatten und Interviews, die auf internationaler Ebene stattgefunden haben. Bei der Auswahl des Untersuchungsgegenstandes wird Wert auf Verschiedenheit der Konstellationen der Interaktionspartner (Status und Geschlecht) gelegt, um einen Vergleich des nonverbalen Verhaltens zu ermöglichen.
Es ergeben sich für die vorliegende Arbeit folgende Hauptfragen, die es mit Hilfe der Untersuchung zu beantworten gilt:
Inwieweit spiegelt das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa in einer Interaktion seine soziale Hierarchie wider und weist geschlechtsspezifische Züge auf?
Variiert je nach sozialer Hierarchie und Geschlecht seiner Interaktionspartner das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa in einer Interaktion?
Im Rahmen dieser Fragestellung ergeben sich ferner folgende Nebenfragen:
In welcher Beziehung steht das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa zum verbalen Verhalten?
Harmonieren diese zwei Ebenen miteinander, ergänzen sie sich oder widersprechen sie sich?
Inwieweit zeigt sich die kulturelle Prägung im nonverbalen Verhalten Rafael Correas?
Die Auswertung des nonverbalen Verhaltens Rafael Correas in asymmetrischer und in symmetrischer Beziehung macht deutlich, dass sowohl das Geschlecht als auch die soziale Hierarchie der Interaktionspartner Einfluss auf den Charakter und den möglichen Verlauf einer Interaktion nehmen. Anhand des Vergleichs des nonverbalen Verhaltens Correas in verschiedenen Konstellationen wird deutlich, dass das nonverbale Verhalten des Präsidenten von der sozialen Hierarchie und dem Geschlecht seiner Interaktionspartner nicht abhängig ist und somit nicht variiert. Die verbale und nonverbale Ebene ergänzen sich und weisen keine Widersprüchlichkeit auf. Es sind nur wenige kulturspezifische Verhaltensweisen des Präsidenten zu beobachten.
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Schuetzler, Ryan M. "Dynamic Interviewing Agents: Effects on Deception, Nonverbal Behavior, and Social Desirability." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556441.
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Virtual humans and other virtual agents are becoming more common in our everyday lives. Whether in the form of phone-based personal assistants or automated customer service systems, these technologies have begun to touch more of our activities. This research aims to understand how this technology affects the way we interact with our computer systems. Using a chat bot, I studied the way a conversational computer system affects the way people interact with and perceive automated interviewing systems in two different contexts. Study 1 examines the impact of a conversational agent on behavior during deception. It found that a conversational agent can have a powerful impact on people's perception of the system, resulting in individuals viewing the system as much more engaging and human. The conversational agent further results in a suppression of deception-related cues consistent with a more human-like interaction. Study 2 focuses on the effect of a conversational agent on socially desirable responding. Results of this study indicate that a conversational agent increases social desirability when the topic of the interview is sensitive, but has no effect when the questions are non-sensitive. The results of these two studies indicate that a conversational agent can change the way people interact with a computer system in substantial and meaningful ways. These studies represent a step toward understanding how conversational agents can shape the way we view and interact with computers.
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Olderbak, Sally. "Attachment Style and Nonverbal Behavioral Synchrony in Romantic Couples." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202511.
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Eshkol-Wachmann Movement Notation was applied to describe and quantify nonverbal behavioral synchrony between romantic partners. The interaction of 30 couples was observed across three study conditions, Pre-Stressor, and two Post-Stressor conditions when the female partner had been targeted with a stress manipulation. Participant-level behavior, and forms of dyadic synchrony were predicted with the male and females' self-reported attachment style. Results support theories from the attachment literature.
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Lee, Jin Joo Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling the dynamics of nonverbal behavior on interpersonal trust for human-robot interactions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69244.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108).
We describe the design, implementation, and validation of a computational model for recognizing interpersonal trust in social interactions. We begin by leverage pre-existing datasets to understand the relationship between synchronous movement, mimicry, and gestural cues with trust. We found that although synchronous movement was not predictive of trust, synchronous movement is positively correlated with mimicry. That is, people who mimicked each other more frequently also move more synchronously in time together. And revealing the versatile nature of unconscious mimicry, we found mimicry to be predictive of liking between participants instead of trust. We reconfirmed that the following four negative gestural cues, leaning-backward, face-touching, hand-touching, and crossing-arms, when taken together are predictive of lower levels of trust, while the following three positive gestural cues, leaning-forward, having arms-in-lap, and open-arms, were predictive of higher levels of trust. We train and validate a probabilistic graphical model using natural social interaction data from 74 participants. And by observing how these seven important gestures unfold throughout the social interaction, our Trust Hidden Markov Model is able to predict with 94% accuracy whether an individual is willing to behave cooperatively or uncooperatively with their novel partner. And by simulating the resulting model, we found that not only does the frequency in the emission of the predictive gestures matter as well, but also the sequence in which we emit negative to positive cues matter. We attempt to automate this recognition process by detecting those trust-related behaviors through 3D motion capture technology and gesture recognition algorithms. And finally, we test how accurately our entire system, with low-level gesture recognition for high-level trust recognition, can predict whether an individual finds another to be trustworthy or untrustworthy.
by Jin Joo Lee.
S.M.
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Meservy, Thomas Oliver. "Augmenting Human Intellect: Automatic Recognition of Nonverbal Behavior with Application in Deception Detection." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194056.
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Humans have long sought to use technology to augment human abilities and intellect. However, technology is traditionally employed only to create speedier solutions or more-rapid comprehension. A more challenging endeavor is to enable humans with technology to gain additional or enhanced comprehension that may not be possible to acquire otherwise. One such application is the use of technology to augment human abilities in detecting deception using nonverbal cues. Detecting deception is often critical, whether an individual is communicating with a close friend, negotiating a business deal, or screening individuals at a security checkpoint.The detection of deception is a challenging endeavor. A variety of studies have shown that humans have a hard time accurately discriminating deception from truth, and only do so slightly better than chance. Several deception detection methods exist; however, most of these are invasive and require a controlled environment.This dissertation presents a technological approach to detecting deception based on kinesic (i.e., movement-based) and vocalic (i.e., sounds associated with the voice) cues that is firmly grounded in deception theory and past empirical studies. This noninvasive approach overcomes some of the weaknesses of other deception detection methods as it can be used in a natural environment without cooperation from the individual of interest.The automatable approach demonstrates potential for increasing humans' ability to correctly identify those who display behaviors indicative of deception. The approach was evaluated using experimental and field data. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance, linear regression and discriminant function analysis suggest that the use of such a system could augment human abilities in detecting deception by as much as 15-25%. While there are a number of technical challenges that need to be addressed before such a system could be deployed in the field, there are numerous environments where it would be potentially useful.
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SHAHID, MUHAMMAD. "Social Interactions Analysis through Deep Visual Nonverbal Features." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1040976.
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Human social interaction is as common as complex to understand. It is a part of our routine life ranging from houses to communal places either in direct face-to-face interaction or through digital media. During these interactions, humans exchange their thoughts, intentions, and emotions effectively. They use verbal language along with non-verbal social signals such as variation in voice tune, hand gestures, facial expressions, and body posture. This non-verbal part of communication is still less understood despite the fact of recent huge research progression and computational advancement. Recently, social interactions in groups such as meetings, standing conversations, interviewing, and discussions have become popular areas of research for the social computing domain. In this thesis, we propose and investigate novel computational approaches for the application of emergent leadership detection, leadership style prediction,
personality traits classification, and visual voice activity detection in the context of small group interactions.
First of all, we investigated emergent leadership detection in small group meeting environments. The leaders are key players in making the decision, facing problems, and as a result, playing an important role in an organization. In organizational behavioral research, the detection of an emergent leader is an important task. From the computing perspective, we propose visual activity-based nonverbal feature extraction from video streams by applying a deep learning approach along with the feature encoding for low dimensional representation. Our method shows improved results even as compared to multi-modal non-verbal features extracted from audio and visual. These novel features also performed well for the application of autocratic or democratic leadership style prediction and the discrimination of high/low extraversion.
Afterwards, we explored the problem of voice activity detection (VAD) extensively. VAD is defined as Who is Speaking and When". Usually, VAD is accomplished using audio features only. But, due to some physical or privacy-related constraints, the audio modality is not always accessible which increases the importance of VAD based on visual modality only. Visual VAD is also a very useful for several social interactions analysis-related applications. We performed a detailed analysis to find out an efficient way of representing the raw video streams for this task. A full upper body-based holistic approach is adopted instead of using only lips motion or facial visual features as mostly suggested by the literature. Motivated from psychology literature, gesticulating style while speaking varies from person to person depending upon ethnic background or type of personality. An unsupervised domain adaptation
is also adapted and gives a good boost in VAD performance. We introduce the new RealVAD dataset, which is used to benchmark the VAD methods in real-life situations. Lastly, we performed body motion cues based VAD learning in conjunction
with a weakly supervised segmentation scheme.
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Beatty, Keturi D. "Mediated chameleons: An integration of nonconscious behavioral mimicry and the parallel process model of nonverbal communication." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9934/.
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This study explored the state of art education in Turkey as revealed by pre-service art education university instructors, and the potential of incorporating visual culture studies in pre-service art education in Turkey. The instructors' ideas about visual culture, and popular culture, the impact it might have, the content (objects), and the practices within the context of Turkey were examined. Visual culture was examined from an art education perspective that focuses on a pedagogical approach that emphasizes the perception and critique of popular culture and everyday cultural experiences, and the analysis of media including television programs, computer games, Internet sites, and advertisements. A phenomenological human science approach was employed in order to develop a description of the perception of visual culture in pre-service art education in Turkey as lived by the participants. In-person interviews were used to collect the data from a purposive sample of 8 faculty members who offered undergraduate and graduate art education pedagogy, art history, and studio courses within four-year public universities. This empirical approach sought to obtain comprehensive descriptions of an experience through semi-structural interviews. These interviews employed open-ended questions to gather information about the following: their educational and professional background; their definitions of art education and art teacher education and what it means for them to teach pre-service art education; critical reflections on the educational system of Turkey; perceptions of visual and popular culture; and finally individual approaches to teaching art education. This study was conducted for the purpose of benefiting pre-service art teacher education in general and specifically in Turkey. It provided the rationale, the nature, and pedagogy of visual culture as well as the why and how of visual culture art education in the context of Turkey. Furthermore, it provided insights into the potential contribution of the concept of visual culture to the understanding of art and improvement of art teacher training in the context of Turkey.
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Birdsall, Carole Anne. "Self-reported and patient-reported nonverbal communication and empathy levels of nurses /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1991. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/1116833x.
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Thesis (Ed.D.) -- Teachers College, Columbia University, 1991.Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Elizabeth M. Maloney. Dissertation Committee: Richard M. Wolf. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-143).
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Gonzalez, Therese. "Avslöjad av ditt kroppsspråk? : Kroppsspråkets betydelse vid bedömning av lögn." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10669.
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Inom yrken som polis tullbevakare och säkerhetskontrollant är det av stor betydelse att kunna avgöra när en person ljuger eller talar sanning. Forskning har visat att personer som arbetar i dessa yrken såväl som studenter, tenderar att basera sin bedömning av lögn på stereotypa uppfattningar. Studiens syfte var att undersöka kroppsspråkets betydelse vid bedömning av lögn. Deltagare var 20 säkerhetskontrollanter, 6 tullbevakare, 31 poliser och 26 personer med övriga yrken varav 42 män. Deltagarna fick svara på en enkät om kroppsspråkets betydelse. Resultatet visar att deltagarna baserar sin bedömning på stereotypa uppfattningar om vad som indikerar lögn. Säkerhetskontrollanterna och tullbevakarna skattade sin egen förmåga att upptäcka en lögn högre än både poliser och övriga yrkesarbetare, och poliser svarade i större utsträckning att de tittade efter tecken utöver kroppsspråket i sin bedömning. Fler studier om vad som verkligen indikerar lögn är nödvändiga för att undvika bedömningar som baseras på stereotypa uppfattningar.
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Kneidinger, Linda M. "Contact behavior in sport : functional components and analysis of sex differences." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28787.
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Shoda, Tonya M. "Interpersonal Sensitivity and Self-construals: Who's Better at Thin-Slicing and When?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1305132064.
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Johnston, Celeste-Linguere. "Physiognomics| A Comparative Study of Chinese-American and Caucasian-American Senior Females' Use of Nonverbal Cues to Determine Trustworthiness." Thesis, Grand Canyon University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10063690.
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People make important first impression judgments of the trustworthiness of strangers every day and in many settings. This study investigated whether ethnic background and age of the observer affected first impressions drawn solely from the physiognomics, the nonverbal facial cues, of the stranger. The researcher extended the methodology used by Xu et al. to two groups of 36 Chinese-American and Caucasian-American senior females over the age of 53 in Phoenix, Arizona. The women used a 9-point Likert scale (from very untrustworthy to very trustworthy) to evaluate photographs modified by FaceGen software of 150 Caucasian, Asian, and African-American and Hispanic men and women of varied ages. The results supported prior findings that ethnic background did not affect trustworthiness evaluations, but age did. The two ethnic groups showed no significant difference in their evaluations: the mean Chinese-American evaluation was 5.81 (SD = 1.06), and the mean score for Caucasians was 5.33 (SD = 1.37). Both groups showed a statistically significant linear correlation between age and mean trustworthiness scores (r = -.38, p = .001). As age increased, trustworthiness scores decreased. This negative correlation between age and trust differed from findings of prior research that older adults are somewhat more trusting than younger adults. There is a need for additional research to determine how age and other demographic factors affect first impressions of trustworthiness from physiognomic characteristics.
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Masood, Ambrin Faraz Buckhalt Joseph Archie. "Correlations between the five factor model of personality and problem behavior." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1952.
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Wagenknecht, Ronja. "Seeing Beyond Words : Animals teach us about our natural ability to lead." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74635.
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Nonverbal communication in leadership is a phenomenon which is interesting to get a greater understanding of. Animals only communicate nonverbally and have strong leadership behaviours. Therefore, this study aim is to find out in what way nonverbal communication in leaders is still connected to animal roots and what the implications for modern life are. This study tries to give an overview of the phenomenon with a theoretical approach. Different point of views of nonverbal communication and animal behaviour in leaders have been discussed. A theoretical approach was suitable because of the abundance of literature in the main fields of focus. Connecting the different studies with each other gave valuable insights into the phenomenon. Power, status, submission, territory, space, and mating behaviours are the most used categories associated with leadership behaviours in animal species. Human leadership behaviour consists of the same categories but furthermore, emotional intelligence is an integral part as well. Different postures, gestures, facial expressions as well as distances to each other gave a comprehensive overview of how leaders are naturally behaving. Deciphering the complex nonverbal communication and looking at them with aspects of communication in animals helped with showing the roots and the natural ability to lead. Further research, however, should be conducted to see how nonverbal communication influences complex group dynamics and the effect thereof. Implications for the natural instincts to lead are helpful with how leaders can further their communication skills and become more conscious of their nonverbal communication.
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SACINO, ALESSANDRA. "Exploring the effects of sexual prejudice on dyadic interactions through an automated analysis of nonverbal behaviours." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1008964.
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Nonverbal behaviours (NVB) are a fundamental part of the communication process: especially indicative of individuals’ inner states such as attitudes and motivations, NVBs can deeply shape the perceived quality of the interaction. Despite their practical importance and theoretical value, NVBs in intergroup interactions (i.e. intergroup nonverbal behaviours; INVB) are an understudied topic. So far, they have been mainly investigated within interethnic contexts (i.e., White and Black people) and by employing invasive or time-consuming procedures, mainly involving subjective evaluations of video-recorded interactions by external coders.
The present work aimed at extending previous literature by exploring NVB and its relationship with prejudice within gay/straight dyadic interactions, a relevant but still partially unexplored intergroup context within this field of research. Differently from ethnicity, sexual orientation is less identifiable and cannot be ascertained from visible markers such as the skin colour, but requires self-disclosure. Further and most importantly, we assessed patterns of NVBs through an RGB-depth camera – the Microsoft Kinect V.2 Sensor – that allowed us to obtain exact quantitative measures of body movements in a fully automatic and continuous way. In doing so, we conducted three experimental studies in which heterosexual participants (total N = 284) were first administered measures of implicit bias and explicit prejudice towards gay men (Study 1 & 3) or lesbians (Study 2), and then asked to interact with a gay (vs. straight; Study 1 & 3) or lesbian (vs. straight) confederate (Study 2), whose sexual orientation was manipulated (Studies 1 & 2) or disclosed (Study 3). A fake Facebook profile, shown to the participant before the interaction, revealed the confederates’ sexual orientation. In all the studies, we considered the pattern of results on two main NVBs, one concerning proxemics (i.e., interpersonal volume between interactants) and the other concerning kinesics (i.e., amount of upper body motions). We selected these NVBs because previous research revealed that they are particularly meaningful for the comprehension of the psychological immediacy between interactants (i.e., interpersonal volume) and their comfort (or discomfort; amount of upper body motions) during a dyadic interaction.
Overall, our work revealed a relevant (and unexpected) pattern of findings concerning interpersonal distance. Unlike previous literature, Study 1 revealed that high (vs. low) implicitly biased participants, instead of keeping a larger distance, tended to stay closer to the confederate presented as gay (vs. straight), especially when discussing a topic concerning the intergroup relation (i.e., the situation of the gay community in Italy) than a neutral one. This result was importantly extended in Study 3: high (vs. low) implicitly biased participants that stood closer to the gay (vs. straight) confederate revealed greater cognitive depletion (i.e., lower performance on a Stroop colour-naming task) after the conversation. This latter result suggests that, at least within gay/straight men interactions, interpersonal distance is an NVB that (high implicitly biased) people can control to manage their self-presentation, with consequent greater impairment of their cognitive resources.
This main finding was not replicated in Study 2, in which we focused on dyadic interactions between heterosexual participants and lesbian women, by confirming how heterosexual people’s attitudes (and their consequent INVBs) towards this minority group is distinct from those towards gay men and, presumably, people’s gender plays a more predominant role than their implicit or explicit attitudes. Further, across our studies, we found inconsistent or non-significant results concerning the participants’ upper body motion as an outcome variable. A possible explanation for these inconsistent results could be due to the relatively coarse algorithmic index that we used for this INVB.
Theoretical and methodological implications of this work are discussed in the General Discussion section, together with its limitations and indications for future research.
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Андріїв, Х. І. "Номінативно-комунікативний аспект позначення усмішки як засобу невербальної поведінки." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17042.
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Dinkins, Barbara Joyce. "Psychopathy and Perception of Vulnerability." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5474.
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Prior research has shown that psychopathic traits correlate with ability to make more accurate assessments of vulnerability based on nonverbal cues (Wheeler, Book, & Costello, 2009; Book, Costello, & Camilleri, 2013). The current study aims to provide further support for this finding, examine effect of criminal experience, and determine if the finding generalizes to females and non-Caucasians. An online survey was conducted, where each participant was shown several videos of people walking alone down a hallway. After each video, they were asked to rate the vulnerability of the depicted person. Higher levels of psychopathic traits (measured by the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA; Lynam et al., 2011)) were found to correlate with more accurate assessments of vulnerability when white or black males were assessing videos of males of their same race. Prior criminal behavior, however, did not relate to better accuracy, despite its relation to psychopathic traits. Results for females were not consistent with findings for males, indicating the finding may not generalize across gender. Potential reasons for these findings are discussed.
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Jia, Moyi. "Emotion and Communication Behaviors in the Workplace: Supervisor Nonverbal Immediacy, Employee's Emotional Experience, and Their Communication Motives." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1374872247.
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Morris, Lynnae Carol. "Power and Status with Small Groups: An Analysis of Students' Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior and Responses to One Another." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11082007-042527/.
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The purpose of this research has been to determine the influence of verbal and nonverbal behavior on power and status within small groups. The interactions which took place within five small groups of students in a middle school spatial reasoning elective were analyzed. Verbal responses to requests for help were analyzed using sequential analysis software. Results indicated that the identity of the child asking a question or requesting help in some form or another is a better predictor of whether he/she will receive help than the type of questions he/she asks. Nonverbal behavior was analyzed for social gestures, body language, and shifts in possession of tools. Each nonverbal act was coded as either ?positive? (encouraging participation) or ?negative? (discouraging participation); and, the researchers found that in groups in which there was unequal participation and less ?help? provided among peers (according to the verbal analysis results) there tended to be more ?negative? nonverbal behavior demonstrated than in groups in which ?shared talk time? and ?helping behavior? were common characteristics of the norm. The combined results from the analyses of the verbal and nonverbal behavior of students within small groups were then reviewed through the conflict, power, status perspective of small group interactions in order to determine some common characteristics of high functioning (collaborative) and low functioning (non-collaborative) groups. Some common characteristics of the higher functioning groups include: few instances of conflict, shared ?talk time? and decision making, inclusive leadership, frequent use of encouraging social gestures and body language, and more sharing of tools than seizing; while, some shared traits among the lower functioning groups include: frequent occurrences of interpersonal conflict, a focus on process (rather than content), persuasive or alienating leadership, unequal participation and power, frequent use of discouraging social gestures and body language, and more seizing of tools than sharing. While ?functionality? was easily defined, labeling groups according to this characteristic proved to be a more difficult task. Although there was clearly a ?highest functioning? and a ?lowest functioning? group among the five, the other three groups fell somewhere in between these two, along a continuum (dependent upon the day).
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Kuzmanovic, Bojana Verfasser], Gary [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bente, and Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Vogeley. "Social cognition and nonverbal behavior: lessons from neuroimaging and high-functioning autism / Bojana Kuzmanovic. Gutachter: Gary Bente ; Kai Vogeley." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1038266327/34.
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Matsumoto, Michiko. "A Case Study - The Stages of Acculturation as Reflected in the Nonverbal Behavior of a Japanese Middle-School Student." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392821118.
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Kuzmanovic, Bojana [Verfasser], Gary [Akademischer Betreuer] Bente, and Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Vogeley. "Social cognition and nonverbal behavior: lessons from neuroimaging and high-functioning autism / Bojana Kuzmanovic. Gutachter: Gary Bente ; Kai Vogeley." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1038266327/34.
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Stephens, Stephanie. "Teachers’ Response to Infants’ Nonverbal Communication and Use of Response to Facilitate a Dialogue." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3387.
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Beginning with birth, typically developing children use strategies to communicate, and the functions of their language change with maturation and interaction. Since communication cannot exist if both parties do not participate, it is important to not only study the ability of the child, but also the behavior of the adult. Numerous studies have examined the behavior of the parent or other domestic adult, but few have included the study of teacher behaviors.
This study investigated teachers’ response to four types of nonverbal communication attempts made by infants. The gestures included: deictic, affect signaling, object-related, and conventional. The type of response was also documented as facilitating dialogue or discouraging dialogue. Thirty infant teachers and/or teacher assistants from 11 centers in Northeast Tennessee were videotaped for 30 minutes. Videos were coded to determine which of the defined functions teachers were most likely to respond to and if the response facilitated or discouraged dialogue. The results showed that overall, teachers responded to 25% of nonverbal attempts; 75% of the infants’ nonverbal attempts teacher offered a non-facilitative response or missed the gesture. Pearson correlations determined that there were relationships between children’s attempt to communicate and teachers’ response in all four types of nonverbal communication, including deictic, r (30) = .659, p = .000; affect signaling, r (30) = .917, p = .000; object-related, r (30) =.848, p = .000; and conventional, r (30) = .794, p = .000. There were several relationships between the number of nonverbal attempts by children and teachers offering a facilitative responses including affect signaling, r (30) = .776, p = .000; object-related, r (30) = .635, p = .000; and conventional, r (30) = .514, p = .004, but not with deictic attempts. There were relationships between the number of nonverbal attempts by children and teachers offering discouraging responses in all 4 types of nonverbal language, including deictic, r (30) = .706, p = .000; affect signaling, r (30) = .630, p = .000; object-related, r (30) = .582, p = .001; and conventional, r (30) = .439, p = .015.
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Sutter, Julianne V. "ASSESSING IMPACT OF AFFECT RECOGNITION ON THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/14.
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Therapeutic alliance and its relationship to client nonverbal behavior, specifically facial expressions, were examined. Therapist interpretation of the client nonverbal behavior, or affect, influences the therapeutic alliance and process. Based on a sample of clients from a graduate school therapy training facility, results suggest therapist training in facial expressions, and how they relate to client emotion, improve the therapeutic alliance between therapist and client. After a micro-expression training for therapists, clients reported higher life functioning on the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and an improved therapeutic alliance on the Session Rating Scale (SRS). Overall, these findings support the benefit of incorporating micro-expression training into therapy instruction.
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Stringer, Bobbi Rhe. "Nonverbal Immediacy as a Predictor of Student Retention Rates Among Full-time/part-time Community College Faculty." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278524/.
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Ishii, Ryo. "Designing Conversational Interfaces for Facilitating Conversation using User's Gaze Behaviors." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180472.
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Werkman, Doris L. "Comparative self-monitoring behavior and recall of verbal and nonverbal interactional information about partner in conversations with ablebodied and disabled partners." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3682.
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When strangers meet, there is a high level of uncertainty due to the infinite number of possible alternatives in behavior between the two people. Previous research indicates that communicators will attempt to reduce the level of uncertainty by using available verbal and nonverbal information of the other, by seeking similarities with the other, and by observing the situation itself. This information is used to predict attitudes and beliefs, as well as to attribute characteristics of the other. Other studies indicate that a person will increase her level of self-monitoring activity when the level of uncertainty is increased.
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Ziegler, Kratz Nancy Ann. "First Impressions of Therapists: the Effect of Therapist Gender, Gaze, Smiling and Subject Gender." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332258/.
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Conceptualization psychotherapy as an interpersonal influence process emphasizes how a therapist is perceived by a client. Factors affecting a client's early impressions of a therapist could influence therapeutic interactions since first impressions are relatively stable. The study investigated effects of nonverbal behavior and gender during a simulated initial meeting between a therapist and client. Undergraduates (N = 466) viewed a male or female therapist interviewing with a new female client. Therapist gaze .(100%, 80%, 40%) and smiling (high, low) were manipulated. After subjects viewed one of 12 videotapes, they completed questionnaires rating therapist expertness, trustworthiness, attractiveness, masculinity and femininity. A comparison of the therapist with subjects' expectations of a therapist in general was obtained by pre- and post-testing utilizing a measure of client expectations. MANOVAs were performed on all ratings except expectation scores, where an ANCOVA was utilized. Main effects for therapist gender indicated the female therapist was rated as significantly more expert, attractive, trustworthy and feminine than the male (ps < .81). For ratings of masculinity, subject gender interacted with therapist gender (p < .001). Wain effects showed that high smiling was rated as more attractive and more feminine (ps < .01). Smiling and level of gaze interacted on ratings of trustworthiness, expertness and masculinity (ps < .04). The 100 per cent and 80 per cent gaze levels increased expertness, trustworthiness and masculinity ratings. Smiling affected expertness at the 80 per cent level, and trustworthiness and masculinity at the 40 per cent level. Analysis of the expectation scores resulted in a three-way interaction between subject gender, smiling and gaze (p < .02). The results suggested that female subjects expected more responsive therapist behavior. The results suggested that the ratings of the male and female therapist reflected both the use of sex stereotypes and the influence of the therapist role. Based on the nonverbal behavior manipulation, several recommendations for therapist behavior were suggested.
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Tsay, Chia-Jung. "The Impact of Visual Cues on Judgment and Perceptions of Performance." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10329.
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No matter what domain, the judgment of performance occupies a key area of investment. Experts are trained and societal institutions are constructed to judge performance, and to identify, develop, and reward the highest levels of achievement. This research demonstrates that experts are just as vulnerable as novices to being confounded by the vision heuristic--the dominance of visual information over more relevant evaluation metrics. Using a multi-method approach spanning laboratory experiments, surveys, interviews, and field data, this research explores the impact of visual information on judgment and decision making in performance contexts. The first paper indicates that professional musicians use primarily visual information to judge music performance, even when they report that sound is most important to their evaluations. The second paper highlights the underlying mechanisms that account for the dominance of visual information. Additional work elaborates on the generalizability of the vision heuristic to management domains. The third paper suggests that visible cues about leadership and team dynamics matter more to expert judges than the group performances themselves. In another set of studies, venture capitalists and investors are found to neglect the content of entrepreneur pitches, instead overweighting dynamic visual cues. Finally, the latest study demonstrates that the visual performance cues displayed by firm managers can lead financial analysts to make less accurate forecasts of firm performance. In sum, this research shows that both laymen and experts rely heavily on visual information in their judgments; this dominance extends to organizational contexts, where it can strongly bias performance assessments. These findings have implications for the optimal design of processes for professional selection and advancement, and communication in organizations.
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Myles, Kimberly. "Activity-Based Target Acquisition Methods for Use in Urban Environments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28422.
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Many military conflicts are fought in urban environments that subject the U.S. soldier to a number of challenges not otherwise found in traditional battle. In the urban environment, the soldier is subject to threatening attacks not only from the organized army but also from civilians who harbor hostility. U.S. enemies use the civilian crowd as an unconventional tactic to blend in and look like civilians, and in response to this growing trend, soldiers must detect and identify civilians as a threat or non-threat. To identify a civilian as a threat, soldiers must familiarize themselves with behavioral cues that implicate threatening individuals. This study elicited expert strategies regarding how to use nonverbal cues to detect a threat and evaluated the best medium for distinguishing a threat from a non-threat to develop a training guide of heuristics for training novices (i.e., soldiers) in the threat detection domain. Forty experts from the threat detection domain were interviewed to obtain strategies regarding how to use nonverbal cues to detect a threat (Phase 1). The use of nonverbal cues in context and learning from intuitive individuals in the domain stood out as strategies that would promote the efficient use of nonverbal cues in detecting a threat. A new group of 14 experts judged scenarios presented in two media (visual, written) (Phase 2). Expert detection accuracy rates of 61% for the visual medium and 56% for the written medium were not significantly different, F (1, 13) = .44, p = .52. For Phase 3 of the study, a training development guide of heuristics was developed and eight different experts in the threat detection domain subjectively rated the heuristics for their importance and relevance in training novices. Nine heuristics were included in the training guide, and overall, experts gave all heuristics consistently high ratings for importance and relevance. The results of this study can be used to improve accuracy rates in the threat detection domain and other populations: 1) the soldier, 2) the average U.S. citizen, and 3) employees of the Transportation Security Administration.Ph. D.
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Groebe, Matthew Elliot. "Behavioral mimicry in the courtroom: Predicting jurors' verdict preference from nonconscious mimicry of attorneys." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1384364661.
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Gomes, Felipe Pereira. "Efeitos da manipulação de autoclíticos em histórias sobre o comportamento não verbal de crianças." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-07082015-122643/.
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Estímulos antecedentes verbais emitidos por um falante podem levar um ouvinte a agir, a depender das características do estímulo e de um histórico de reforçamento. Ao compor o conteúdo da fala e organizá-lo, o falante pode torná-la mais eficaz no controle do comportamento do ouvinte, aumentando o controle. Um tipo especial de operante verbal, o autoclítico, refere-se aos arranjos especiais de estímulos antecedentes verbais que aumentam o controle sobre o comportamento do ouvinte. A presente pesquisa investigou o efeito de diferentes manipulações de autoclíticos em histórias contadas vocalmente sobre o comportamento não verbal de crianças com idades entre 6 e 7 anos. Foram realizados dois experimentos, tendo oito crianças participado do Experimento 1 e nove do Experimento 2. Um delineamento de tratamentos alternados foi empregado, com três condições experimentais em cada experimento. Cada Condição experimental correspondeu à uma versão de uma história com manipulação de autoclíticos. No Experimento 1, as histórias foram sobre uma situação de restrição física e, no Experimento 2, sobre uma situação de coceira. Os resultados mostram que as versões de história com manipulação de autoclíticos e as versões com as mesmas manipulações acrescidas de trechos de descontinuação da história foram mais eficazes em controlar o comportamento não verbal da maioria dos participantes do que as versões sem manipulações específicas de autoclíticos. Para vários participantes, no entanto, esse efeito ocorreu de forma transitóriaVerbal antecedent stimuli emitted by a speaker can lead a listener to act, depending on the characteristics of the stimulus and on the history of reinforcement. When composing and organizing the speech content, the speaker can make it most effective on the listener\'s behavior control, increasing the control. A special type of verbal operant, the autoclitic refers to special arrangements of antecedent verbal stimuli which increases the control over the behavior of the listener. This research investigated the effect of different manipulations of autoclitics in stories vocally told on nonverbal behavior of children aged 6 to 7 years. Two experiments were conducted. Eight children participated in Experiment 1 and nine in Experiment 2. An alternated treatment design was used with three experimental conditions in each experiment. Each experimental condition corresponded to a version of a story with autoclitics manipulation. In Experiment 1, the stories were about a physical restriction situation and in Experiment 2 the stories were about an itching situation. The results show that the versions of stories with manipulation of autoclitics and the versions with the same manipulations plus parts of discontinuation of the story were more effective in controlling the nonverbal behavior of most participants than the versions without specific manipulations of autoclitics. For many participants, however, this effect occurred transiently
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Baptistussi, Maira Cantarelli. "O efeito de variáveis verbais e não verbais sobre o comportamento de escolha de alimentos em crianças." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-09022011-103124/.
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Salzinger (1998) define o comportamento verbal como um operante sujeito às conseqüências e discute que o comportamento verbal é parte de uma cadeia de respostas verbais e não verbais, públicas e encobertas, estando intimamente envolvido no manejo de outros comportamentos às vezes como causa, agindo como estímulo discriminativo e outras vezes apresentando o papel de efeito. Nesta encadeamento verbal, é fundamental estudar o papel das regras como estímulos verbais que descrevem contingências de reforçamento de forma completa ou parcial e conseqüências, e controlam a probabilidade de uma resposta. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito de variáveis verbais antecedentes com e sem autoclíticos, conseqüentes com autoclíticos e conseqüentes não verbais, para a instalação e manutenção do comportamento de escolha de alimentos variados para o café da manhã, considerando os diferentes grupos alimentares. Para isto, vinte crianças com faixa etária entre 10 e 12 anos foram organizadas igualmente em cinco Experimentos com arranjos diferentes quanto ao uso de variáveis verbais e não verbais. Na mesa de escolha de alimentos, havia quatro alimentos representantes dos carboidratos, dois das gorduras e quatro das proteínas e era considerada como escolha variada a resposta de escolher ao menos dois representantes dos carboidratos e proteínas e um das gorduras. Foram testadas ao todo dez diferentes variáveis nesse estudo, sendo nove delas verbais e uma não verbal, entre antecedentes e conseqüentes, distribuídas entre os Experimentos de forma a se manter um equilíbrio do número de fases em cada um deles. Houve variáveis antecedentes com variados graus de descrição da resposta que a criança deveria desempenhar, cada uma com autoclíticos diferentes, variáveis aplicadas individualmente e em grupo e uma variável de controle aversivo. Em alguns Experimentos procurou-se inverter as fases com emprego de variável antecedente com as fases que empregaram variável conseqüente, para se estabelecer uma comparação quanto à eficácia das mesmas na instalação e manutenção do comportamento de escolha variada. Os resultados principais indicam maior controle verbal das variáveis verbais conseqüentes com autoclíticos e das variáveis antecedentes com autoclíticos específicos e com descrição da resposta bem detalhada que aumenta a discriminabilidade dos estímulos relacionados à resposta e a probabilidade do fazer. Além da avaliação de que componentes da variável verbal podem melhor funcionar no controle do comportamento não verbal, no estudo fica evidente o importante papel das variáveis sociais na efetividade do controle verbal. Identificou-se especialmente no Experimento 5 que o controle verbal é maior em grupo, tanto no que se refere à mudança de comportamento de todos os participantes, como à manutenção da mesma após a retirada do controle verbal. As discussões gerais sobre os resultados mostram que o comportamento de escolha de alimentos parece ser fortemente instalado ao longo da história, de modo que sua alteração requer variáveis verbais tanto antecedentes como conseqüentes bastante específicasSalzinger (1998) defines verbal behavior as an operant subject to consequences and argues that verbal behavior is part of a chain of verbal and nonverbal, overt or covert responses, being closely involved in managing other behaviors sometimes as \"cause\", acting as a discriminative stimulus, and other times playing an effect role. In this verbal enchainment, it is of fundamental importance to study the role of rules as verbal stimuli which describe reinforcing contingencies in a complete or partial manner and consequences, and control the likelihood of a response. The objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of antecedent verbal variables with and without autoclytics, consequents with autoclytics and nonverbal consequents, on the onset and maintenance of the behavior to choose varied foods for breakfast, considering the different food groups. To this end, twenty children aged between 10 and 12 were equally divided into five experiments with different arrangements as to the use of verbal and nonverbal variants. On the food choice table, there were four types of foods representing carbohydrates, two for fats and four for proteins, with a varied choice being considered as the response to choose at least two types of carbohydrates and proteins and one of fats. In all, ten different variables were tested in this study, with nine of them being verbal and one nonverbal, between antecedents and consequents, distributed among the experiments so as to maintain a balance of the number of phases in each one of them. There were antecedent variables with various degrees of description of the response the child was supposed to perform, each with different autoclytics, individually- and groupapplied variables and an aversive control variable. In some experiments we tried to reverse the phases using an antecedent variable with the phases which used a consequent variable, in order to establish a comparison as to their effectiveness in the onset and maintenance of the varied choice behavior. The main results indicate greater verbal control of consequent verbal variables with autoclytics and of antecedent variables with specific autoclytics and with detailed description of the response, which increases discriminability of the response-related stimuli and the likelihood of performing it. In addition to the assessment that components of the verbal variable may work better in controlling nonverbal behavior, the study evidences the important role played by social variables in the effectiveness of verbal control. It was identified, especially in experiment 5, that verbal control is higher in group, both regarding the change of behavior by all participants and its maintenance after verbal control was removed. General discussions on the results show that the food choice behavior seems to have been strongly settled along history, so that its alteration requires very specific verbal variables both antecedent and consequent
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Gebhard, Christian. "Sprechtempo im Sprachvergleich." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16567.
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In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Sprechtempoparameter in den Sprachen Chinesisch, Deutsch, Englisch, brasilianisches und europäisches Portugiesisch sowie Spanisch zueinander in Bezug gesetzt: Die Maßeinheiten Laute, Silben, Wörter und Morpheme pro Sekunde werden unter Ein- und Ausschluss der Pausenzeit gemessen. Dabei ergeben sich für die germanischen Sprachen niedrige Durchschnittswerte, die romanischen Sprachen liegen im mittleren bis hohen Bereich und das Chinesische weist je nach betrachtetem Parameter mittlere oder hohe Werte auf. Eine Analyse der Pausenstruktur ergibt vergleichbare Pausenanteile, aber einen höheren Anteil interner Pausen in den Sprachen Chinesisch, europäisches Portugiesisch und Spanisch. Weiterhin werden nonverbale Aspekte berücksichtigt und die Größen Gesten, Gesichts¬ausdrücke und Bewegungen des Kopfes und Oberkörpers pro Minute gemessen. Im brasilianischen Portugiesisch sind Gesten und im Chinesischen Bewegungen des Kopfes und Oberkörpers auffallend häufig. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede sind in allen Bereichen gering und nur im europäischen Portugiesisch statistisch signifikant. Bezüglich des wahrgenommenen Sprechtempos zeigt sich in Experimenten und Umfragen, dass die romanischen Sprachen als schnell bezeichnet werden. Chinesische Hörer schätzen außerdem das Sprechtempo anders ein als deutsche, wobei die Silbenkomplexität für beide Gruppen unterschiedliche Rollen spielt. Daneben bestehen zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen signifikante Unterschiede in der Beurteilung von Sachlichkeit und Vertrauenswürdigkeit in Aufnahmen. Für die untersuchte Sprechsituation wird davon ausgegangen, dass in verschiedenen Sprachgemeinschaften die Verwendung unterschiedlicher sprachlicher (verbaler wie nonverbaler) Mittel bevorzugt wird. Das Sprechtempo wird damit als eine von phonetisch-phonologischen Faktoren, aber auch von in gesellschaftlichen Gruppen vorhandenen Tendenzen im Sprachgebrauch beeinflusste Größe verstanden.This doctoral thesis is a cross-linguistic analysis of speech tempo, comparing Chinese, English, German, Brazilian and European Portuguese, and Spanish. There are several parameters of speech tempo under analysis: sounds, syllables, words, and morphemes per second. The Germanic languages show lower values, whereas Romance languages tend to have medium and high values, and Chinese appears to have different, both medium and high values depending on what element is counted. An analysis of pause structure renders comparable percentages of time spent on silence, yet the proportion of internal pauses is considerably higher in Chinese, European Portuguese and Spanish. Furthermore, nonverbal aspects of speech are considered and data are collected for the measures gestures, facial expressions and movements of the head and torso per minute. Gestures are remarkably more frequent in Brazilian Portuguese, and movements of the head/torso are highly frequent in Chinese. Differences between genders are generally small, only within European Portuguese some statistically significant differences can be observed. Surveys on stereotypes and perception experiments show that the Romance languages are generally perceived as spoken more rapidly. The listeners’ native language appears to be a factor of perceived speech tempo: Chinese listeners’ responses are significantly different from German listeners’ responses. Syllable complexity plays different roles for these two groups of listeners. They also show significant differences when judging objectivity and trustworthyness in recordings. Considering the particular communication situation analyzed here, it is pointed out that in different speech communities, different verbal and nonverbal behavior is preferred in certain contexts. Speech tempo is influenced by phonetic and phonological factors, as well as tendencies towards a certain communicative style that can be observed within a given society.
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Марченко, Анна Вікторівна, Анна Викторовна Марченко, Anna Viktorivna Marchenko, Алла Іванівна Свєтлова, Алла Ивановна Светлова, and Alla Ivanivna Svietlova. "Невербальні особливості міжкультурної комунікації." Thesis, видавництво "ЛДАКМ", 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32479.
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У статті розглядаються невербальні особливості міжкультурної комунікації.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32479В статье рассматриваются невербальные особенности межкультурной коммуникации. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32479
The article deals with non-verbal features of intercultural communication. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32479
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Holmes, D. A. "Nonverbal behaviour in autism and schizophrenia." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386423.
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Jin, Menglin. "Nonverbal behaviors in Chinese Communication:What CFL Instructors See in Movies." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563502215931556.
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Astrauskienė, Giedrė. "Vaikų - sveikų ir turinčių autizmo sutrikimą - socialinės sąveikos, verbalinės ir neverbalinės komunikacijos bei elgesio, tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080618_121806-78466.
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Tyrimo problema – vaikų, sergančių autizmu, keliami sunkumai vis labiau įtakoja šeimos gyvenimą. Norėdami išsamiau pažinti autizmo sutrikimu pasižyminčių vaikų asmenybės ir veiklos ypatumus, turime išanalizuoti ir įvertinti šių vaikų funkcionavimą artimiausioje socialinėje aplinkoje, t.y. šeimoje. Todėl mūsų darbe analizuojami vaikų, turinčių autizmo sutrikimą socialinės sąveikos, verbalinės ir neverbalinės komunikacijos bei elgesio vertinimas tėvų požiūriu. Norint nustatyti ir išryškinti autizmo sutrikimu pasižymintiems vaikams būdingus specifinius ypatumus, šios grupės duomenis palyginsime su tėvų, auginančių vaikus, kuriems nediagnozuotas vaikystės autizmo sutrikimas atitinkamais tyrimo rezultatais. Svarbu pabrėžti, kad autizmo sutrikimo problemos veda prie vis didesnių sunkumų vyresniame amžiuje, tad kuo ilgiau į jas nekreipiamas pakankamas dėmesys, tuo sunkesnių pasekmių galime tikėtis.
Tikslas – nustatyti sveik��� vaikų ir vaikų turinčių autizmo sutrikimą socialinės sąveikos, verbalinės ir neverbalinės komunikacijos bei elgesio ypatumus, tėvų požiūriu.
Uždaviniai:
1. Išanalizuoti ir palyginti vaikų – sveikų ir turinčių autizmo sutrikimą socialinės sąveikos įvertinimus; analizuoti lyties ir amžiaus aspektu.
2. Įvertinti ir palyginti sveikų vaikų ir vaikų turinčių autizmo sutrikimą verbalinę ir neverbalinę komunikaciją; analizuoti lyties ir amžiaus aspektu.
3. Nustatyti ir palyginti elgesio ypatumų įvertinimus sveikų vaikų ir vaikų turinčių autizmo sutrikimą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The problem of research: the difficulties caused by children with autism more and more influence their families. It is often admitted that the child's socialization depends on two trends of processes: the child is influenced by his/her parents and he/she himself/herself develops his/her parents behavior. It’s important the members of family to introduce with peculiarity of autism. Also, estimate the needs of families. That’s why in our job we analyze the autistic children social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, behavior peculiarity in the aspect of sex and age. It’s important point, that the problems of autism leading to bigger difficulties in elder age. So, as longer we will not pay enough attention to it as we can expect worse results. The aim: to determine the peculiarities of social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and behavior of healthy and autistic children from the point of view of their parents. The tasks: 1. To analyze and compare the evaluation of social interaction of children- healthy and autistic ones; to analyze in the aspect of sex and age. 2.Evaluate and compare verbal and nonverbal communication of healthy and autistic children; to analyze in the aspect of sex and age. 3.To determine and compare evaluation of the peculiarities of healthy and autistic children in their behavior; to analyze in the aspect of sex and age. Hypothesis: the indicators of social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and behavior of... [to full text]
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Ghilain, Matthieu. "Synchronisation au rythme de la musique et effet du contexte social dans la maladie d’Alzheimer et le vieillissement physiologique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/EDSHS/2019/2019LIL3H3061.pdf.
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Dans les interventions musicales réalisées auprès de personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer ou de maladies apparentées, il est fréquemment demandé aux participants de bouger au rythme de la musique. La synchronisation au rythme musical, particulièrement en groupe, implique des réponses à différents niveaux (moteur, rythmique, social et émotionnel) et pourrait procurer du plaisir ainsi que renforcer les liens sociaux des patients et de leur entourage. Cependant, la synchronisation au rythme de la musique et le lien qui pourrait exister entre ces différents niveaux de la réponse à cette activité sont peu connus dans la maladie d’Alzheimer. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner les différents aspects du comportement des personnes avec une maladie d’Alzheimer (ou maladies apparentées) et des participants avec un vieillissement physiologique ‘normal’ au cours d’une activité de synchronisation au rythme musical réalisée en action conjointe avec un musicien. L’approche préconisée dans ce travail se base sur une méthode pluridisciplinaire incluant les sciences du mouvement, la psychologie sociale et la neuropsychologie. En premier lieu, nous avons étudié l’effet du contexte social et de la musique (et de ses caractéristiques temporelles) sur les performances de synchronisation et sur l’engagement social, émotionnel, rythmique et moteur de personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer dans cette activité (étude 1 chapitre 4 et 5). Les résultats ont montré que la présence physique d’une chanteuse réalisant la tâche de synchronisation avec le participant modulait différemment les performances de synchronisation et la qualité de la relation sociale et émotionnelle par comparaison à un enregistrement audio-visuel de cette chanteuse. Cet effet du contexte social était d’ailleurs plus important en réponse à la musique qu’au métronome et était modulé par le tempo et la métrique. De plus, nous avons trouvé que la musique augmentait l’engagement rythmique des participants par comparaison au métronome. Ensuite, nous avons comparé les réponses à la tâche de synchronisation dans le vieillissement pathologique et physiologique (étude 2 chapitre 6 et 7). Les résultats ont révélé que les performances de synchronisation ne différaient pas entre les deux groupes suggérant une préservation du couplage audio-moteur dans la maladie d’Alzheimer à travers cette tâche. Bien que la maladie réduisait l’engagement moteur, social et émotionnel en réponse à la musique par comparaison au vieillissement physiologique, un effet du contexte social était observé sur le comportement dans les deux groupes. Enfin, nous avons comparé les groupes de participants atteints de la maladie d’Alzheimer entre les deux études montrant que la sévérité de la maladie pouvait altérer la synchronisation et l’engagement dans l’activité (chapitre 8). En conclusion, ce travail de thèse a mis en évidence que le couplage audio-moteur est en partie préservé chez les personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer et que l’action conjointe avec un partenaire module la qualité de la relation sociale ainsi que l’engagement à la musique. Les connaissances théoriques acquises par ce travail permettent de mieux comprendre l’évolution des comportements en réponse à la musique dans la maladie d’Alzheimer. La méthode mise au point par cette thèse offre ainsi l’opportunité d’évaluer les bénéfices thérapeutiques des interventions musicales à différents niveaux sur le comportement des personnes avec une maladie d’Alzheimer. De telles perspectives permettraient d’améliorer la prise en charge de ces personnes et de leurs aidantsIn musical interventions with people with Alzheimer's disease or related diseases, participants are frequently asked to move to the rhythm of music. Synchronization to musical rhythm, especially in group, involves responses at different levels (motor, rhythmic, social and emotional) and could provide pleasure as well as strengthen social ties amongst the patients and their relatives. However, synchronization to musical rhythm and the possible link between these different levels of response to this activity are not well known in Alzheimer's disease. The objective of this thesis is to examine the different aspects of the behavior of people with Alzheimer's disease (or related diseases) and participants with ‘normal’ physiological aging during a synchronization activity to musical rhythm performed in joint action with a musician. The chosen approach in this project was based on a multidisciplinary method including movement science, social psychology and neuropsychology. First, we studied the effect of social context and music (and its temporal characteristics) on synchronization performance and on the social, emotional, rhythmic and motor engagement of people with Alzheimer's disease in this activity (study 1 chapter 4 and 5). The results showed that the physical presence of a singer performing the synchronization task with the participant modulated synchronization performance and the quality of the social and emotional relationship differently from an audio-visual recording of this singer. This effect of the social context was greater in response to music than to metronome and was modulated as well as by tempo and metric. In addition, we found that music increased rhythmic engagement of the participants compared to metronome. Then, we compared the responses to the synchronization task in pathological and physiological aging (study 2 chapter 6 and 7). The results revealed that synchronization performance did not differ between the two groups, suggesting that audio-motor coupling in Alzheimer's disease should be spared through this task. Although the disease reduced motor, social and emotional engagement in response to music compared to physiological aging, an effect of social context was observed on the behavior in both groups. Finally, we compared the groups of participants with Alzheimer's disease between the two studies showing that the severity of the disease could affect synchronization and engagement to music in the activity (chapter 8). In conclusion, this thesis has shown that audio-motor coupling is partly spared in people with Alzheimer's disease and that joint action with a partner modulates the quality of the social relationship and the engagement to music. The theorical knowledge acquired through this work provides a better understanding of the evolution of the behavior in response to music in Alzheimer’s disease. The method developed by this thesis thus offers the opportunity to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of musical interventions at different levels on the behavior of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Such perspectives would improve the care of these people and their caregivers
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Pinto, Alberto M. Peixoto. "O comportamento não verbal em contexto real de entrevista de seleção." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20825.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho de pesquisa pretende identificar os comportamentos não verbais que
emergem numa entrevista real estruturada e ligá-los à tomada de decisão decorrente da
gestão de impressões. Procurámos também relacionar esses comportamentos com
facetas de personalidade e de motivação resultantes da autoavaliação dos candidatos.
Para tal realizámos dois estudos, o primeiro de codificação de comportamentos não
verbais de 46 candidatos em contexto real de entrevistas de seleção e o segundo de
julgamento com 100 participantes (profissionais e estudantes). Como resultados
identificámos categorias comportamentais com diferentes impactos nos pareceres das
entrevistas e a confirmação dessas decisões pelos participantes do segundo estudo
embora de forma diferenciada em face da experiência profissional. Foram também
obtidas atribuições percetivas válidas em relação a dimensões da personalidade e da
motivação relacionadas com os comportamentos não verbais dos candidatos; Nonverbal behavior in the real context of the selection interview
ABSTRACT:
The present thesis aim to identify the nonverbal behaviors that emerge on a real
selection interview and link them to the decision making connected to the impression
management. We also intend to relate those behaviors with personality and motivation
dimensions results obtained from auto administrated scales. For that we performed two
studies, the first one of codification of nonverbal behaviors from 46 selection interview
candidates and the second one of judgment of 100 participants (professionals and
students). Our results identify nonverbal behaviors categories impacting differently on
the interview final evaluations and the confirmation of those decisions from the second
study participants, but in different ways accordingly to their work experience. Valid
perceptive attributions were also obtained regarding personality and motivation
dimensions inferred from the candidates non verbal behaviors.
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Chantaraks, Nilobol. "Student Perception of Nonverbal Behaviors of International TAs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500476/.
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Six hundred sixty-six students were queried at the University of North Texas. The appropriate use of nonverbal behaviors of international and U.S. American TAs was surveyed. An eleven item questionnaire (Teacher Nonverbal Measure) was utilized. These questions were tested by an ANOVA. Data indicated that international TAs are less likely to use appropriate nonverbal behaviors than U.S. American TAs. Thus, it is possible to assume that international TAs are more likely to be perceived as using inappropriate nonverbal behaviors than U.S. American TAs. Also, communication competence was investigated. The Communication Skill Rating Scale was utilized and tested by ANOVA. Results indicate that international TAs are viewed as significantly less competent than U.S. American TAs.
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Johansson, Rickard, and Alexander Krnjajic. "Berörd.. och förförd? : En studie av interpersonell beröring i butiksmiljö." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20360.
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Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur interpersonell beröring från en anställd, i form av ett handslag, förändrar kundens uppfattning av shoppingupplevelsen. Vidare ämnar studien att väcka intresse för ämnet likväl som att ge rekommendationer för vidare forskning av det taktila sinnets och den interpersonella beröringens betydelse i marknadsföringssammanhang. Metodik: Studien är utförd genom en kvantitativ undersökningsmetod med ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Ett teoretiskt ramverk presenteras, utifrån vilket hypoteser i sin tur har formulerats. För att kunna testa de framtagna hypoteserna har ett fältexperiment utförts på Teknikmagasinet i Kalmar. Utifrån analyser av resultaten har generella slutsatser dragits, vilka ligger till grund för rekommendationer för framtida forskning inom ämnet sinnesmarknadsföring med fokus på det taktila sinnet och interpersonell beröring. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar vidare att interpersonell beröring, i form av ett handslag, påverkar shoppingupplevelsen på ett positivt sätt. Detta har dock ej kunnat säkerställas statistiskt. Resultaten visar vidare att ett handslag är en generellt accepterad form av interpersonell beröring inom social serviceinteraktion. Detta öppnar upp för möjligheten att implementera gesten i detaljhandelssammanhang, särskilt i interaktion mellan individer av manligt kön.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how interpersonal touch, in the form of a handshake from an employee, changes the customers evaluation of the shopping experience. Furthermore, this study intends to raise an interest for the subject as well as give recommendations for further research on the importance of both the tactile sense and interpersonal touch within the marketing context. Methodology: This study has been conducted through a quantitative research method, with a deductive approach. A theoretical framework is presented, from which hypotheses has been formulated. In order to test the formulated hypotheses, a field experiment has been conducted at Teknikmagasinets store in Kalmar. Based on the analysis of the results, general conclusions were drawn which is the basis of our recommendations for further research within the subject of sensory marketing, focusing on the tactile sense and interpersonal touch. Findings: The results of the study show that interpersonal touch, in the form of a handshake, affects the shopping experience in a positive way, although this is not statistically significant. The results further show that a handshake is a generally accepted form of interpersonal touch in social service interactions. This opens up for the possibility of implementation of the gesture within retail contexts, particularly within interactions between individuals of the male sex.
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Buckingham, Fiona Jane. "Detecting human comprehension from nonverbal behaviour using artificial neural networks." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617426/.
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Every day, communication between humans is abundant with an array of nonverbal behaviours. Nonverbal behaviours are signals emitted without using words such as facial expressions, eye gaze and body movement. Nonverbal behaviours have been used to identify a person's emotional state in previous research. With nonverbal behaviour being continuously available and almost unconscious, it provides a potentially rich source of knowledge once decoded. Humans are weak decoders of nonverbal behaviour due to being error prone, susceptible to fatigue and poor at simultaneously monitoring numerous nonverbal behaviours. Human comprehension is primarily assessed from written and spoken language. Existing comprehension assessments tools are inhibited by inconsistencies and are often time-consuming with feedback delay. Therefore, there is a niche for attempting to detect human comprehension from nonverbal behaviour using artificially intelligent computational models such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which are inspired by the structure and behaviour of biological neural networks such as those found within the human brain. This Thesis presents a novel adaptable system known as FATHOM, which has been developed to detect human comprehension and non-comprehension from monitoring multiple nonverbal behaviours using ANNs. FATHOM's Comprehension Classifier ANN was trained and validated on human comprehension detection using the errorbackpropagation learning algorithm and cross-validation in a series of experiments with nonverbal datasets extracted from two independent comprehension studies where each participant was digitally video recorded: (1) during a mock informed consent field study and (2) in a learning environment. The Comprehension Classifier ANN repeatedly achieved averaged testing classification accuracies (CA) above 84% in the first phase of the mock informed consent field study. In the learning environment study, the optimised Comprehension Classifier ANN achieved a 91.385% averaged testing CA. Overall, the findings revealed that human comprehension and noncomprehension patterns can be automatically detected from multiple nonverbal behaviours using ANNs.
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Dosmukhambetova, Dina. "Strategic use of nonverbal behaviour in the context of romantic attraction." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100403/.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that individuals strategically change their facial expressions and other emotional behaviour in order to enhance their image in the eyes of a potential romantic partner. In three empirical chapters I report eight studies examining four different effects. The first two of these effects concern female self-presentational behaviour (Chapters 2 and 3), while the second two concern male self-presentational behaviour (Chapter 4). More specifically, in Chapter 2 I provide evidence for the hypothesis that when in a romantic mindset, females show less negative emotion to infants. In Chapter 3, I demonstrate that females motivated to attract a long-term partner present themselves in ways that suggest that they are likely to be faithful. Finally, in Chapter 4, I show that in the presence of an attractive female, males present themselves as fearless in reaction to a horror film and as affectionate towards children. I argue that positive reactions to infants, propensity to be faithful and fearlessness are advertised because they are desired by the opposite sex for various evolutionary reasons. The data I present also show that – with one exception – the presence of a potential romantic partner does not affect participants’ emotional experiences despite affecting their emotional expressions. Thus, for example, when males augment their expression of affection towards infants, their feelings towards the infants do not change. Overall, the work described in this thesis adds to the growing body of research showing that individuals engage in self-presentation in romantic contexts using various social and non-social behaviours (Mori, Chaiken, & Pliner, 1987; Griskevicius, Cialdini, & Kenrick, 2006), by showing that they engage in self-presentation using nonverbal behaviour associated with emotional states.
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Rashotte, Lisa Slattery 1970. "Nonverbal behaviors in social interaction: An extension to affect control theory." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282699.
Full textAbstract:
Nonverbal behaviors impact our perceptions of interaction. Many sociological theories have attempted to understand how perceptions work in interaction. Affect Control Theory is one which has had particular success in understanding the ways in which people perceive events generally; with this research I hope to be able to make that theory even stronger and more predictive by including nonverbal behaviors in its scope. A four-study research design is presented. The first study collected the affective meanings of nonverbal behaviors independent of event contexts. Study two paired nonverbal behaviors with other behaviors to see how they combine in people's perceptions to create new affective meanings. The third and fourth studies required performing two experiments (one with paper stimuli and one with videotaped stimuli) to see what effects the inclusion of nonverbal behaviors has on impressions people form of events and event elements. I found that single nonverbal elements each have distinct meanings and create distinct impressions in those who view them; that nonverbal behaviors work in combination with behaviors to create modified impressions of situations; that nonverbal behaviors play as important a role as behaviors in those combinations; and that nonverbal behavior ratings are essential to understanding the meaning of behaviors in event contexts. This project has increased our understanding of the relationship between nonverbal behaviors and impressions that are formed in the context of interpersonal interaction. In addition, it increased the utility of Affect Control Theory in predicting event perceptions by allowing for more accurate understanding of the complex situations in which people interact.
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Machado, Dalva de Jesus Cutrim. "Comportamento Verbal: análises das interações falantes e ouvintes e contextos verbais e não verbais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1793.
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Previous issue date: 2012-01-10This study aimed to investigate the relationships between environmental variables and behavioral analysis that would promote relations analysis between speaker and listener. It also sought to investigate verbal and nonverbal context. From this perspective four experiments were performed: Experiment I had the following objectives: a) check if there was visual contact control variable (CV) and statement with the head (AC), which reinforce the verbal behavior of the speaker and listener in the total verbal episode b) consider whether different audiences control verbal differentiated responses between the behavior of the speaker and listener in a total verbal episode. Eight people aged 20 to 27 years of age took part of this experiment. The results showed that the control of the variable, visual contact had occured (VC) for most participants, while the variable (AC) there was no control for most participants. Experiment II aimed to systematically replicate the procedure adopted in the study of Simonassi, Tizo, Gomes and Alvarenga (2009) to see if: a) verbal contexts (instructions) and nonverbal (object) control on verbal responses in a total verbal episode b) whether the addition of a new object when presented in the presence of other existing objects controls verbal responses in a total verbal episode. This experiment was conducted with eleven participants aged 18 to 23 years. The results were similar to the experiment cited, and there was verbal control of responses when a new object was introduced: the answer had changed. Experiment III aimed to investigate: a) to test more systematically the possible influence on changing the verbal context (instructions) and verify if it would influence the control of verbal responses in a total verbal episode while maintaining the same nonverbal objects from Experiment II. Experiment III was conducted with eleven participants aged 19 to 25 years. The results showed that the change in the instructions had changed the context when compared to Experiment II. Experiment IV aimed to verify: a) what the written accounts of the participants were like with the same verbal context (instruction) from Experiment III and various contextual objects. This experiment was conducted with eleven participants aged 17 to 25 years. It was found that there was a significant reduction of responses when a different object was presented and there were changes in participants' verbal reports. It was concluded that both the verbal context (instruction) and the non-verbal context (objects) when they were changed, changed the response of the participants in the various experimental conditions.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as relações entre as variáveis ambientais e comportamentais que favorecessem a análise das relações entre falante e ouvinte em um episódio verbal total. Também procurou investigar contexto verbal e não verbal. Foram realizados quatro Experimentos: o Experimento I teve como objetivo investigar: a) se houve ocorrência da variável contato visual (CV) e asserção com a cabeça (AC), que reforçam o comportamento verbal do falante no episódio verbal total; b) analisar se audiências diferenciadas controlam respostas verbais diferenciadas no comportamento do falante em um episódio verbal total. Participaram desse experimento, oito alunos com idades entre 20 a 27 anos de idade. Os resultados mostraram que houve controle da variável contato visual (CV) para a maioria dos participantes, enquanto a variável (AC) não houve controle da variável para a maioria dos participantes. Experimento II objetivou replicar de forma sistemática o procedimento adotado no estudo de Simonassi, Tizo, Gomes e Alvarenga (2010) com acréscimo de dois novos objetos, um lápis e uma bola, para verificar: 1) se contextos verbais (instruções) e não verbais (objetos) exercem controle sobre respostas verbais em um episódio verbal total; 2) se o acréscimo de novos objetos quando apresentados na presença dos outros objetos já existentes controlam respostas verbais em um episódio verbal total. Este experimento foi realizado com onze participantes com idades entre 18 a 23 anos. Os resultados foram semelhantes aos do Experimento citado, e houve controle das respostas verbais quando introduziu-se um novo objeto: o responder se modificou. Objetivo do Experimento III foi investigar sistematicamente a possível influencia na mudança dos comportamentos verbais que ocorreram no Experimento II, ou seja, se a modificação de estímulos verbais sob a forma de instrução em um contexto não verbal influenciaria o controle das respostas verbais em um episódio verbal total. Foi realizado com onze participantes com idade entre 19 a 25 anos. Os resultados mostraram que a mudança na instrução alterou o contexto quando comparado ao Experimento II. Experimento IV teve como finalidade investigar sistematicamente uma possível influencia na mudança dos relatos escritos dos participantes. Com o mesmo contexto verbal (instruções) semelhante ao do Experimento III. E a modificação de objetos não verbais. Este experimento foi realizado com onze participantes com idade entre 17 a 25 anos. Verificou-se que houve diminuição significativa das respostas quando o objeto diferente foi apresentado e houve alteração nos relatos verbais dos participantes. Concluiu-se que tanto o contexto verbal (instrução) quanto o contexto não verbal (objetos) quando foram alterados alteravam o responder dos participantes nas diversas condições experimentais.
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Denson, Amy. "Student perceptions of teacher violations of expected verbal and nonverbal immediate behaviors." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2077.
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Yung, Hiu-yu. "Theorizing the translation of body language a study of nonverbal behaviors in literature /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B44051785.
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