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Journal articles on the topic 'Nonverbal behavior'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Bailenson, Jeremy N., Andrew C. Beall, Jack Loomis, Jim Blascovich, and Matthew Turk. "Transformed Social Interaction: Decoupling Representation from Behavior and Form in Collaborative Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 13, no. 4 (August 2004): 428–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1054746041944803.

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Computer-mediated communication systems known as collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) allow geographically separated individuals to interact verbally and nonverbally in a shared virtual space in real time. We discuss a CVE-based research paradigm that transforms (i.e., filters and modifies) nonverbal behaviors during social interaction. Because the technology underlying CVEs allows a strategic decoupling of rendered behavior from the actual behavior of the interactants, conceptual and perceptual constraints inherent in face-to-face interaction need not apply. Decoupling algorithms can enhance or degrade facets of nonverbal behavior within CVEs, such that interactants can reap the benefits of nonverbal enhancement or suffer nonverbal degradation. Concepts underlying transformed social interaction (TSI), the ethics and implications of such a research paradigm, and data from a pilot study examining TSI are discussed.

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Woolfson, A. Peter. "Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior.:Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 4, no. 1 (June 1994): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1994.4.1.82.

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Creswell, Kasey G., Michael A. Sayette, Jonathan W. Schooler, Aidan G. C. Wright, and Laura E. Pacilio. "Visceral States Call for Visceral Measures: Verbal Overshadowing of Hunger Ratings Across Assessment Modalities." Assessment 25, no. 2 (April 27, 2016): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116645910.

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We introduce a nonverbal “visceral” measure of hunger (i.e., squeezing a handheld dynamometer) and provide the first evidence of verbal overshadowing effects in this visceral domain. We presented 106 participants with popcorn and recorded their hunger levels in one of three conditions: (1) first report hunger using a traditional self-report rating scale (i.e., verbal measure) and then indicate hunger by squeezing a dynamometer (i.e., nonverbal measure), (2) first indicate hunger nonverbally and then indicate hunger verbally, or (3) indicate hunger only nonverbally. As hypothesized, nonverbal measures of hunger predicted subsequent eating behavior when they were uncontaminated by verbal measures—either because they preceded verbal measures of hunger or because they were the sole measure of hunger. Moreover, nonverbal measures of hunger were a better predictor of eating behavior than verbal measures. Implications of the study for communicating embodied experiences in a way that escapes the confines of symbolic representations are discussed.

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Drewes, V., N. Neumann, I. Konstantinidis, and I. Helmich. "Spontaneous head movements characterize losing athletes during competition." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 15, no. 5-6 (June 19, 2020): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954120934598.

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Nonverbal movement behavior and emotions are closely linked processes; however, there is insufficient information about the spontaneous nonverbal expressions in response to experiencing positive and negative emotion, i.e., when winning or losing during sport competitions. Previous research showed that experienced tennis athletes detected losing behavior in athletes more accurately than winning behavior. However, it remained unclear what kind of nonverbal movements characterized losers because the actual movements have not been identified yet. Further research showed that head shaking occurred as an expression of doubt whereas head nodding appeared during successful actions. We therefore hypothesized that losing athletes nonverbally move more, and particularly execute more headshakes when compared to winners. The entire spontaneous nonverbal head movement behavior of professional tennis athletes was video-taped between points during competition and analyzed by two trained and certified raters using a standardized analysis system for nonverbal behavior in relation to won or lost points. The results showed that losers moved their head significantly more often, particularly executing more phasic upward, repetitive sideward (head shaking), and phasic sideward head movements when compared to winning athletes. The present results provide evidence that spontaneous nonverbal head movements differentiate winners from losers during competition. Losing a point in tennis is associated with to increased spontaneous head movement behavior, particularly in upward and sideward directions. Thus, we conclude that professional tennis athletes cannot inhibit their implicit nonverbal expressions that are related to negative emotions when losing.

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Sung, kyunghwan, and dongtaik Kwon. "A Study on Nonverbal Communication Behavior Types of Elementary School Teachers." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 20 (October 31, 2022): 799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.20.799.

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Objectives This study is to explore the types of nonverbal communication behaviors of elementary school teachers based on communication theory. Methods This study was conducted as a philosophical and psychological integrated approach to education that can scientifically support various perspectives on human behavior and human behavior and psychological processes for the study of teachers' nonverbal communication behavioral types. Based on the communication theoretical exploration of Jurgen Habermas and Satir, a literature study was conducted on the types of nonverbal communication behaviors of teachers. Results Looking at many previous studies, the nonverbal communication behaviors of teachers focused on the personal aspect with emphasis on the teacher's personality traits. In this study, the teacher's nonverbal communication behavior was considered not only in the personal aspect of the teacher but also in the social and environmental context through Habermas and Satir's communication theoretical exploration and classification of nonverbal behavioral factors according to previous studies on nonverbal communication behavior. The behavioral patterns that appear according to the necessity of children were divided into two types: body language type and environment language type. As sub-elements, body language type communication behavior types using body organs such as body movements, body sensations, and voices, and environmental language type communication behavior types using physical time and space, artificial symbols, and social systems as sub-elements. classified. Conclusions Conclusion When looking at the types of communication behaviors of teachers in the existing studies in the context of elementary school classrooms, our gaze is focused on the teacher's individual personality traits and the differences between verbal communication behavior and nonverbal communication behavior. There have been many studies that have measured the frequency. In this study, which was conducted to overcome the limitations that were difficult to categorize because the complexity of the nonverbal communication system and the range of its elements are very wide, based on the communication theory of Habermas and Satir, various nonverbal elements appearing in the nonverbal communication behavior of teachers were identified as common. In addition to understanding the characteristics of an individual teacher with a body, the teacher's communication behavior type is an integrated perspective of the temporal and spatial environment of school, classroom, class, and situation, which are the real life contexts in which the individual is involved. will have to be understood as.

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6

Hall, Judith A. "Nonverbal Behavior Versus Nonverbal Communication: Clarification Still Needed." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 30, no. 4 (April 1985): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/023728.

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Klinzing, Hans G., and Ian Jackson. "Training teachers in nonverbal sensitivity and nonverbal behavior." International Journal of Educational Research 11, no. 5 (January 1987): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(87)90018-8.

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8

Ormiston, Margaret. "Understanding Nonverbal Organizational Behavior." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 16811. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.16811symposium.

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Harrigan, Jinni A. "Studies in Nonverbal Behavior." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 31, no. 1 (January 1986): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/024433.

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Setiawan, Arif Budi, Kaspul Anwar, Laelatul Azizah, and Adhi Prahara. "Real-time Facial Expression Recognition to Track Non-verbal Behaviors as Lie Indicators During Interview." Signal and Image Processing Letters 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/simple.v1i1.144.

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During interview, a psychologist should pay attention to every gesture and response, both verbal and nonverbal language/behaviors, made by the client. Psychologist certainly has limitation in recognizing every gesture and response that indicates a lie, especially in interpreting nonverbal behaviors that usually occurs in a short time. In this research, a real time facial expression recognition is proposed to track nonverbal behaviors to help psychologist keep informed about the change of facial expression that indicate a lie. The method tracks eye gaze, wrinkles on the forehead, and false smile using combination of face detection and facial landmark recognition to find the facial features and image processing method to track the nonverbal behaviors in facial features. Every nonverbal behavior is recorded and logged according to the video timeline to assist the psychologist analyze the behavior of the client. The result of tracking nonverbal behaviors of face is accurate and expected to be useful assistant for the psychologists.

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Bonaccio, Silvia, Jane O’Reilly, Sharon L. O’Sullivan, and François Chiocchio. "Nonverbal Behavior and Communication in the Workplace." Journal of Management 42, no. 5 (February 2, 2016): 1044–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206315621146.

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Nonverbal behavior is a hot topic in the popular management press. However, management scholars have lagged behind in understanding this important form of communication. Although some theories discuss limited aspects of nonverbal behavior, there has yet to be a comprehensive review of nonverbal behavior geared toward organizational scholars. Furthermore, the extant literature is scattered across several areas of inquiry, making the field appear disjointed and challenging to access. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on nonverbal behavior with an eye towards applying it to organizational phenomena. We begin by defining nonverbal behavior and its components. We review and discuss several areas in the organizational sciences that are ripe for further explorations of nonverbal behavior. Throughout the paper, we offer ideas for future research as well as information on methods to study nonverbal behavior in lab and field contexts. We hope our review will encourage organizational scholars to develop a deeper understanding of how nonverbal behavior influences the social world of organizations.

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Foucault Welles, Brooke, Hanyu Sun, and Peter V. Miller. "Nonverbal Behavior in Face-to-face Survey Interviews: An Analysis of Interviewer Behavior and Adequate Responding." Field Methods 34, no. 1 (February 2022): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x221075305.

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We examine relationships between interviewers’ nonverbal behaviors and adequate responding in face-to-face survey interviews. We videotaped professional interviewers administering face-to-face survey interviews and coded them for three interviewer nonverbal behaviors: smiling, nodding, and direct gaze. These nonverbal interviewer behaviors were associated with significant increases in the frequency of respondents’ adequate responses. Moreover, the nonverbal behaviors were equally likely to present in standardized and unstandardized utterances. These results suggest that interviewers’ nonverbal behaviors positively correlate with adequate responding without deviating from standardized interview protocols. We discuss implications for survey theory and interviewer training.

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Rodríguez Muñoz, Francisco J. "Pilot assessment of nonverbal pragmatic ability in people with asperger syndrome." Psychology of Language and Communication 17, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2013-0018.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to present a diagnostic tool to assess the nonverbal pragmatic behaviors of people with Asperger syndrome, with the intent to give an account of the severity of symptoms in the area of nonverbal interaction, as well as providing a profile of nonverbal behaviors that may be targeted for intervention. Through this communication profile, overall nonverbal ability is calculated in a group of 20 subjects with Asperger syndrome. The proposed scale also includes the measurement of the following nonverbal dimensions: (1) eye gaze, (2) facial expression, (3) body language and posture, (4) proxemics, (5) gestures, and (6) paralanguage. The results of this assessment suggest low nonverbal pragmatic ability in these subjects, show specific deficits in nonverbal communication, and capture variability in nonverbal behavior in individuals with AS.

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Skarakis-Doyle, Elizabeth, Nancy MacLellan, and Kathleen Mullin. "Nonverbal Indicants of Comprehension Monitoring in Language-Disordered Children." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55, no. 3 (August 1990): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5503.461.

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This study investigated normal and language-disordered (LD) children's patterns of nonverbal behavior in response to messages varying in degree of ambiguity. Each LD child was matched to two normally developing children: one for comprehension level (LM) and the other for chronological age (CM). All children participated in a videotaped ambiguity detection task. Nonverbal behaviors that were produced between the time the message was completed and the examiner's acknowledgment of the response were scored for type of behavior exhibited including eye contact, hand behavior, body movement, and smile. Results demonstrated that all subjects increased their nonverbal behavior (e.g., eye contact) from unambiguous to ambiguous message conditions, suggesting awareness of the differences in these message types at a rudimentary level. Most often nonverbal indication was the only signal of ambiguity detection exhibited by the LD children and their LM peers. Only the CM children concurrently indicated awareness through more direct means (i.e., verbalization and pointing to all possible referents) in a consistent and accurate manner. The finding that LD children did differentiate inadequate from adequate messages in a rudimentary manner suggests that clinicians might promote the intentionality of these preintentional nonverbal behaviors as a possible intervention strategy.

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Bänninger-Huber, Eva, and Eva Huber. "Nonverbal Processes in Psychotherapeutic Interaction." Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy Research 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2313-1047.2017.04.01.1.

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In this paper, we outline a research approach, which describes affective regulation processes in psychotherapeutic interactions on the micro-level of interactive behavior. We present some considerations about the general functions of nonverbal behaviors as well as possible meanings of specific nonverbal behaviors such as gazing, gesture, or head- and body movements in psychotherapeutic interaction. Our focus is on facial behavior. Furthermore, the article discusses the relation between certain interactive patterns and mental disorders and their possible manifestation in psychotherapeutic interaction. Using a specialized method to study affective micro-sequences in interaction, we analyze a conversation from psychoanalytic psychotherapy to illustrate the relevance of specific interactive relationship patterns for a productive psychotherapeutic process.

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DePaulo, Bella M. "Nonverbal behavior and self-presentation." Psychological Bulletin 111, no. 2 (March 1992): 203–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.111.2.203.

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Carli, Linda L., Suzanne J. LaFleur, and Christopher C. Loeber. "Nonverbal behavior, gender, and influence." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68, no. 6 (1995): 1030–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1030.

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KAZDIN, ALAN E., ROSANNA B. SHERICK, KAREN ESVELDT-DAWSON, and MICHAEL D. RANCURELLO. "Nonverbal Behavior and Childhood Depression." Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 24, no. 3 (May 1985): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61091-8.

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Harrigan, Jinni A., Thomas E. Oxman, and Robert Rosenthal. "Rapport expressed through nonverbal behavior." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 9, no. 2 (1985): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00987141.

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Annen, Sigrid, Patrik Roser, and Martin Brüne. "Nonverbal Behavior During Clinical Interviews." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 200, no. 1 (January 2012): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e31823e653b.

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West, Candace. "Nonverbal behavior: A functional perspective." Social Science & Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(85)90326-0.

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Graziano, William G. "Nonverbal behavior and social psychology." Behavioural Processes 11, no. 1 (June 1985): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(85)90107-x.

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Yarczower, Matthew, Janet E. Kilbride, and Aaron T. Beck. "Changes in Nonverbal Behavior of Therapists and Depressed Patients during Cognitive Therapy." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3 (December 1991): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.915.

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Nonverbal behavior of 8 patients and 7 therapists during the first few minutes of 20 therapeutic sessions (either 2 or 3 per therapist-patient pair) was used as a baseline measure to assess whether there were systematic changes by the end of a single therapeutic session. The nonverbal behavior of both patients and therapists showed increases in prosocial behavior. Also, increases in signs of anxiety were noted in the nonverbal behavior of therapists. Significant correlations between nonverbal behavior of patients and therapists occurred for certain classes of behavior. It appears worthwhile to assess changes in nonverbal behavior during therapeutic sessions.

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Irish, Julie T. "Deciphering the Physician—Older Patient Interaction." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 27, no. 3 (September 1997): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cq97-y82h-6p2e-9bj4.

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Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide a commentary on nonverbal communication in the physician-older patient interaction. Method: A literature review of physician-older patient communication yielded several published studies on this topic. Nonverbal behaviors were rarely examined in this body of literature even though the need to adopt a more “biopsycho-social” model of care was mentioned in several of the articles. The nonverbal communication literature was also reviewed to determine whether aging had been a variable of interest with regard to encoding (sending) and decoding communication (receiving) skills. Results: To date there have been very few studies that have investigated the role of nonverbal communication in the physician-older patient interaction. Selected encoding and decoding characteristics for both physicians and patients are discussed with the context of the aging process. In lieu of direct evidence linking nonverbal behavior and physician-older patient communication, possible implications are offered for the following characteristics: expression of emotion, pain expression, gestures, gaze, touch, hearing, and vocal affect. Three relevant outcomes (satisfaction with care, quality of life, and health status) are also discussed within the nonverbal behavior-aging framework. Conclusion: The connection between nonverbal behavior and how physicians and older patients interact with one another has not been rigorously examined. Identifying and improving nonverbal communication will likely enhance the verbal exchange in the medical encounter and may improve the older patient's quality of care.

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Mahmood, Rauf Karim, and Bekhal Abubakir Hussein. "Functions of Nonverbal Behavior with Reference to Refugeeism: A Sociopragmatic Study." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani Part (B - for Humanities) 20, no. 2 (January 30, 2000): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzsb.10897.

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Sally, Fauzan Hari Sudding. "Students’ affective learning factors in learning English on teachers’ nonverbal immediacy." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 1, no. 3 (September 5, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v1i3.18.

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This study aims at finding out how the students perceive teachers’ nonverbal immediacy that affects their attitude in learning English. Also, this study investigates how the students perceive teachers’ nonverbal immediacy that affects their motivation in learning English. The researcher used observation and questionnaires to collect the data. The results of this study showed that fifteen out of sixteen teachers’ nonverbal immediacy behaviors were perceived positively in affecting the students’ positive attitude in learning English. Similarly, this study also showed that fifteen students perceived the teachers’ nonverbal immediacy behavior affected their motivation in learning English. The researcher concluded that the students would have a positive attitude and high motivation in learning English if a teacher employs nonverbal immediacy behaviors suitably in her teaching or interaction with the students

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Vrij, Aldert, Maria Hartwig, and Pär Anders Granhag. "Reading Lies: Nonverbal Communication and Deception." Annual Review of Psychology 70, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103135.

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The relationship between nonverbal communication and deception continues to attract much interest, but there are many misconceptions about it. In this review, we present a scientific view on this relationship. We describe theories explaining why liars would behave differently from truth tellers, followed by research on how liars actually behave and individuals’ ability to detect lies. We show that the nonverbal cues to deceit discovered to date are faint and unreliable and that people are mediocre lie catchers when they pay attention to behavior. We also discuss why individuals hold misbeliefs about the relationship between nonverbal behavior and deception—beliefs that appear very hard to debunk. We further discuss the ways in which researchers could improve the state of affairs by examining nonverbal behaviors in different ways and in different settings than they currently do.

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Fitri, Nidya. "PERILAKU NONVERBAL JESSICA DALAM SIDANG PERADILAN." Jurnal KATA 2, no. 2 (October 26, 2018): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jk.v2i2.3049.

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<p><em>Jessica’s nonverbal behavior has been phenomenal in recent years. Media coverage of court room hearing Live and watched by the audience. The role of language is very important in deciding a judge decision. Nonverbal behavior is a part of language evidence in the court room. This research is aimed at describing and explaining function and meaning of Jessica’s nonverbal behavior. This research used qualitative descriptive method by using observational method and pragmatic approach. The object of this research was court room taken from KPI (Indonesia Broadcasting Commission.). The result of this research showed that two from the five language functions, i.e. representative function and directive function. Based on Jessica’s nonverbal behavior meaning found on from five nonverbal behavior, i.e, the meaning of hand gesture. The function and the meaning of Jessica’s nonverbal behavior was committed Jessica to prove her innocence action.</em></p><p> </p><p>Peradilan Jessica sangat fenomenal beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Media meliput secara live sidang peradilan dan ditonton khalayak ramai. Peran bahasa sangat penting dalam menentukan sebuah putusan perkara oleh hakim. Perilaku nonverbal merupakan bagian dari bukti lingual bahasa dalam teks peradilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dan menjelaskan fungsi dan makna perilaku nonverbal dilakukan oleh Jessica. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode Simak dan metode padan pragmatis. Objek penelitian ini adalah sidang peradilan Jessica diambil dari Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia (KPI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukannya dua dari lima fungsi bahasa, yaitu fungsi representatif dan fungsi direktif. Berdasarkan makna perilaku nonverbal ditemukan satu dari lima makna, yaitu perilaku nonverbal gerak isyarat tangan. Fungsi dan makna perilaku nonverbal tersebut dilakukan Jessica untuk membuktikan dirinya tidak bersalah.</p>

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Wijaya, Rendra Kusuma. "Students’ Perception of Teachers Nonverbal Immediacy Behavior toward Students’ Attitude and Motivation in Learning English." ELT Worldwide: Journal of English Language Teaching 4, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eltww.v4i1.3198.

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The objectives of the research were to provide information about students’ perception of teachers’ nonverbal immediacy behavior toward students’ attitude and motivation in learning English. This research is descriptive by nature employing mixed method QUAN-qual model. Participants of this research were the students of X IIS 2 and XI MIA 4 who were taught by male and female teacher. The data were obtained from questionnaire, group interview, and observation. The data from questionnaire were analyzed by using simple descriptive statistic and the data from interview and observation were analyzed by using interactive model of data analysis procedure consisting data collection, data reduction, and data display, and conclusion drawing. The finding showed that the mean score of students’ attitude was 76.56 under category positive attitude. The mean score of students’ motivation was 75.43 under category motivated. The students perceived that teachers’ nonverbal immediacy behavior influenced their attitude and motivation positively or negatively depending on particularr determinant factors such as religion, culture, and age. The findings led to the onclusion that managing nonverbal immediacy behaviors was very important for teachers because the behaviors could help changing students’ attitude from negative attitude became positive attitude and changing students motivation from demotivated became motivated during learning process in the class.Key words: Nonverbal immediacy behavior, attitude, motivation

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Fomin, Andrei G., and Elizaveta A. Mona. "Kinesic Components of Terrorist Nonverbal Behavior." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 2017): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0040.

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Teperik, Tamara, and Rimma Teperik. "Nonverbal behavior: philological and psychological approaches." Stephanos. Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 27, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2018-27-1-9-17.

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Kharkhurin, Anatoliy V. "Bilingual verbal and nonverbal creative behavior." International Journal of Bilingualism 14, no. 2 (May 6, 2010): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006910363060.

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Lamar, Edie K. "Communicating Personal Power Through Nonverbal Behavior." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 15, no. 1 (January 1985): 41???44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-198501000-00009.

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O'Heren, Lorraine, and William E. Arnold. "Nonverbal Attentive Behavior and Listening Comprehension." International Listening Association. Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1991): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1932586xijl0501_6.

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Hall, Judith A., Jinni A. Harrigan, and Robert Rosenthal. "Nonverbal behavior in clinician—patient interaction." Applied and Preventive Psychology 4, no. 1 (December 1995): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80049-6.

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Baesler, E. James, and Judee K. Burgoon. "Measurement and reliability of nonverbal behavior." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 11, no. 4 (1987): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00987254.

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Fromme, Donald K., William E. Jaynes, Deborah K. Taylor, Elaine G. Hanold, Jennifer Daniell, J. Richard Rountree, and Marie L. Fromme. "Nonverbal behavior and attitudes toward touch." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 13, no. 1 (1989): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01006469.

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Noller, Patricia, and Victor J. Callan. "Nonverbal behavior in families with adolescents." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 13, no. 1 (1989): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01006473.

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ZISKIND, ESTHER SOMERFELD. "The Social Context of Nonverbal Behavior." American Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 1 (January 2001): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.1.150.

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Hensley, Robert B., and Pamela K. Taylor. "Speaking Out: Nonverbal Behavior Analysis Instrument." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 60, no. 5 (January 1987): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1987.9959322.

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Auld, Frank. "Explorations in Nonverbal and Vocal Behavior." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 176, no. 7 (July 1988): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198807000-00009.

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Hart, Allen J., and Marian M. Morry. "Nonverbal Behavior, Race, and Attitude Attributions." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 32, no. 2 (March 1996): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1996.0008.

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Furley, Philip, and Geoffrey Schweizer. "“I’m Pretty Sure That We Will Win!”: The Influence of Score-Related Nonverbal Behavioral Changes on the Confidence in Winning a Basketball Game." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 36, no. 3 (June 2014): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0199.

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The goal of the present research was to test whether score-related changes in opponents’ nonverbal behavior influence athletes’ confidence in beating their opponents. In an experiment, 40 participants who were experienced basketball players watched brief video clips depicting athletes’ nonverbal behavior. Video clips were not artificially created, but showed naturally occurring behavior. Participants indicated how confident they were in beating the presented athletes in a hypothetical scenario. Results indicated that participants’ confidence estimations were influenced by opponents’ score-related nonverbal behavior. Participants were less confident about beating a leading team and more confident about beating a trailing team, although they were unaware of the actual score during the depicted scenes. The present research is the first to show that in-game variations of naturally occurring nonverbal behavior can influence athletes’ confidence. This finding highlights the importance of research into nonverbal behavior in sports, particularly in relation to athletes’ confidence.

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Buck, Ross, and C. Arthur VanLear. "Verbal and Nonverbal Communication: Distinguishing Symbolic, Spontaneous, and Pseudo-Spontaneous Nonverbal Behavior." Journal of Communication 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 522–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02560.x.

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Croes, Emmelyn A. J., Marjolijn L. Antheunis, Alexander P. Schouten, and Emiel J. Krahmer. "Social attraction in video-mediated communication: The role of nonverbal affiliative behavior." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 4 (February 12, 2018): 1210–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518757382.

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The first aim of this study was to analyze video-mediated communication (VMC), in comparison to face-to-face (FTF) communication, and the effect it has on how communicators express nonverbal affiliative behaviors relevant for social attraction. Second, this study aimed to discover whether these nonverbal expressions relate to communicators’ social attraction. An experiment with 93 cross-sex dyads was conducted, with a get-acquainted exercise in a VMC or a FTF condition. Our findings revealed that communicators in VMC smiled more and spoke louder. In addition, VMC interactants displayed less facial touching than FTF interactants. Finally, more gaze aversion and a higher speech rate were found to influence social attraction. These findings have implications for research on cue-rich computer-mediated communication (CMC) and the way in which communicators nonverbally express themselves in comparison to copresent FTF communication. Additionally, this study has implications for social information processing theory which may be extended to include cue-rich forms of CMC.

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Vrij, Aldert. "Nonverbal Dominance Versus Verbal Accuracy in Lie Detection." Criminal Justice and Behavior 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 1323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854808321530.

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With the exclusion of some specific circumstances, police officers typically pay more attention to nonverbal behavior than verbal behavior when they attempt to detect deceit. One of the reasons for this is that they believe that suspects are less able to control their nonverbal than verbal behavior and, consequently, nonverbal cues to deception are more likely to leak through. The author states that this assumption is not necessarily valid; deception research has revealed that many verbal cues are more diagnostic cues to deceit than nonverbal cues. Paying attention to nonverbal cues results in being less accurate in truth/lie discrimination, particularly when only visual nonverbal cues are taken into account. Also, paying attention to visual nonverbal cues leads to a stronger lie bias (i.e., indicating that someone is lying). The author recommends a change in police practice and argues that for lie detection purposes it may be better to listen carefully to what suspects say.

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McBrayer, Daniel J., William R. Johnson, and Donna Purvis. "Gestural Behavior: Causes and Questions." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 1 (February 1992): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.1.239.

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Previous research has shown that nonverbal gestures can be externally cued using movies about insects as the stimulus. This study was designed to test whether 55 subjects (33 women and 22 men) reading and discussing a short passage would yield similar responses. Analysis indicated that nonverbal gestures can be externally cued by reading a passage and discussing it and that the frequency of these gestures varies with the subject matter being read/discussed.

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Straßmann, Carolin, Astrid M. Rosenthal-von der Pütten, and Nicole C. Krämer. "With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2018 (September 20, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2589542.

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Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative nonverbal behavior and actual decision-making behavior on user’s cooperation in the Prisoners’ Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (nonverbal behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The nonverbal behavior had no effect on the users’ willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent’s cooperativeness. However, the agent’s decision-making behavior in the game influenced the users’ willingness to cooperate. In summary, the nonverbal behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation.

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Kraaimaat, Floor, and Peggy Janssen. "ARE the Accessory Facial Movements of the Stutterer Learned Behaviours?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 60, no. 1 (February 1985): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.60.1.11.

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The purpose of the present study was to explore the accessory nonverbal behaviours emitted by stutterers when their speech was fluent, normally disfluent, or stuttered. Subjects were 25 stutterers who were required to speak spontaneously for a 2-min. period. Seven types of nonverbal behavior were observed. Significant differences among the three speech categories were obtained for jaw movements, mouth movements, forehead movements, eyebrow movements, and head movements. Eyelid movements and eye blinks were nonsignificant. The results are discussed with respect to the various functions that can be attributed to nonverbal behaviour in stuttering.

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Yang, Huan. "The Cultural Differences in Etiquette and Customs Between China and Britain in Nonverbal Communication." Region - Educational Research and Reviews 3, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/rerr.v3i3.400.

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Nonverbal behavior as well as verbal behavior, is closely related to culture when expressing ideas. Due to the huge differences between Chinese and English culture, there are also a lot of differences in nonverbal communication. By comparing the common etiquette and customs in nonverbal communication activities between China and Britain, meanwhile the cultural differences between them are figured out.

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