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Academic literature on the topic 'Noonan, Syndrome de – Aspect génétique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Noonan, Syndrome de – Aspect génétique"
El Ansari, Nawal. "Le syndrome de kallmann de morsier aspect génétique." Andrologie 18, no. 2 (June 2008): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03040390.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Noonan, Syndrome de – Aspect génétique"
Edouard, Thomas. "Impact sur la signalisation cellulaire des mutations de la tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 associées aux syndromes de Noonan et LEOPARD." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/849/.
Full textNoonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively frequent (about 1/2000 births) autosomal dominant disease primarily characterized by facial dysmorphism, heart defects and short stature. LEOPARD syndrome (LS) is a rarer but related disorder that associates, roughly, NS symptoms with deafness and cutaneous abnormalities. Both NS and LS belong to the family of "neuro-cardio-facial-cutaneous" (NCFC) syndromes, a group of developmental disorders, which display different combinations of the above-mentioned symptoms with mental retardation and tumor predisposition. At least 80% of LS and 50% of NS patients carry germline missense mutations in PTPN11, the gene encoding Shp2. Shp2 is a widely expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that contains Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and promotes Ras-MAPK activation through different molecular mechanisms. Biochemical studies have shown that NS mutations are located at contact points between the catalytic and the SH2 domains and therefore disrupt Shp2 autoinhibitory conformation, stimulating Shp2 catalytic activity (gain-of-function mutations). Conversely, LS mutations are confined within the catalytic domain and repress Shp2 activity. Although genetic studies provided essential advances, how PTPN11 mutations cause the diseases' symptoms remains an open question. We assessed whether LS mutations could influence PI3K activation. To this aim we generated primary and immortalized fibroblast cell lines from LS patient and healthy controls and showed that, in response to EGF stimulation, PI3K/Akt was upregulated in LS cells. This deregulation was due to impaired dephosphorylation of Gab1 PI3K-binding sites by LS mutants. Furthermore, LS mutant promoted PI3K-dependent upregulation of hypertrophy genes in cardiomyocytes, suggesting that this deregulation is involved in LS pathophysiology
Sznajer, Yves. "Etude des manifestations cardiovasculaires chez les patients présentant un syndrome de Noonan porteurs de mutation au sein du gène PTPN11: rôles des gènes de la voie de signalisation des MAP kinases pour les syndromes apparentés." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210210.
Full textAfin d’appréhender les implications possibles du gène PTPN11 dans la survenue des cardiopathies chez les patients porteurs de ces deux syndromes, nous avons conduit une étude chez 272 patients au syndrome de Noonan et une étude chez 19 patients porteurs du syndrome LEOPARD. Parmi la cohorte de patients atteints du syndrome de Noonan, 104 ont été diagnostiqués porteurs d’une mutation du gène (38%). Une prévalence de survenue de cardiopathies affectant les structures droites du cœur se dégage chez les patients identifiés porteurs d’une mutation avec une différence significative pour la SVP, une tendance est relevée pour le canal atrio-ventriculaire et la communication inter-auriculaire de type Ostium Secundum. L’absence de mutation est corrélée avec la survenue de cardiomyopathie hypertrophique et de cardiopathies du cœur gauche. Parmi les patients atteints du syndrome LEOPARD, il n’existe pas de différence statistiquement significative pour les patients porteurs d’une mutation ou non et/ou pour une cardiopathie particulière.
Toutes les mutations identifiées du gène PTPN11 sont des mutations ‘faux-sens’. Ce gène appartient à la famille des gènes codant pour une protéine tyrosyl phosphatase, SHP-2, ne possédant pas de récepteur trans-membranaire. Cette phosphatase est impliquée dans la voie de signalisation cellulaire des MAP (‘Mitogen-activated protein’) kinases dont l’expression est ubiquitaire et inclut le coeur. Depuis nos travaux, le concept de syndrome « neuro-cardio-facio-cutané » est établi puisque, à ce jour, 9 gènes (SOS1, RAF1, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, NF1, SPRED1 et SHOC2), tous impliqués dans la voie de signalisation RAS (voie des MAP kinases) sont identifiés. Un spectre phénotypique existe avec des signes communs mais aussi distinctifs chez les patients présentant le syndrome de Noonan, le syndrome LEOPARD, le syndrome de Costello, le syndrome Cardio-Facio-Cutané (CFC), le syndrome « Noonan-NF1 », le syndrome de Legius et le syndrome « Noonan/Multiple Giant Cell Lesion ». Nous rapportons enfin l’observation d’une patiente atteinte du syndrome CFC et porteuse d’une mutation (p.R257Q) au sein du gène BRAF ayant développé une cardiomyopathie hypertrophique.
Ces travaux de cohortes de patients au phénotype du syndrome de Noonan, du syndrome LEOPARD et cette dernière description d’une patiente au syndrome CFC ont permis de participer à la découverte de l’implication d’une voie de signalisation cellulaire dont l’origine génétique est maintenant démontrée. Les résultats de nos travaux réalisés depuis 2002 auront permis, avec les équipes travaillant sur le même sujet, d’orienter les investigations et les nouveaux projets de recherche qui étudient spécifiquement le rôle du gène PTPN11 dans l’embryologie du cœur. Les études des orthologues (zebrafish, murin et Drosophila) porteurs à l’état hétérozygote d’une mutation du gène PTPN11 permettent d’intégrer les anomalies phénotypiques et cardiaques observées. Ces études permettent de postuler les effets cellulaires produits par les mutations chez les patients atteints du syndrome de Noonan et chez les patients atteints du syndrome LEOPARD engendrant in vitro une activation de la phosphatase (effet « gain de fonction ») pour les premiers ou une réduction de l’activité phosphatase (« dominant négatif ») mais engendrant un effet gain de fonction in vivo. Nous discutons les connaissances acquises, les compréhensions obtenues et intégrées et traçons enfin les perspectives offertes par ces travaux.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Grootenboer, Sabine. "Nouveau syndrome pléi͏̈otropique : stomatocytose +/-, oedèmes +/-, pseudohyperkaliémie." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA114811.
Full textVigé, Alexandre. "Epigénomique nutritionnelle du syndrome métabolique." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P602.
Full textEpigenetic changes associated with DNA methylation and histone modifications leading to chromatin remodeling and regulation of gene expression underlie the developmental programming of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. This review focuses on converging data supporting the hypothesis that, in addition to "thrifty genotype" inheritance, individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases have suffered improper "epigenetic programming" during their fetal/postnatal development due to maternal inadequate nutrition and metabolic disturbances and also during their lifetime, that could even be transmitted to the next generation(s). We highlight the susceptibility of epigenetic mechanisms controlling gene expression to environmental influences due to their inherent malleability, emphasizing the participation of transposable elements and the potential role of imprinted genes during critical time windows in epigenetic programming, from the very beginning of development, throughout life. Increasing our understanding on epigenetic patterns significance and their role in development, evolution and adaptation and on small molecules (nutrients, drugs) that reverse epigenetic (in)activation should provide us with the means to "unlock" silenced (enhanced) genes, and to "convert" the obsolete human thrifty genotype into a "squandering" phenotype
Huang, Hai. "Biophysical Characterization of Three SCN5A Mutations Linked to Long QT Syndrome Type 3, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and Atrial Fibrillation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27250/27250.pdf.
Full textTurcot, Valérie. "Génétique et épigénétique du syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29169/29169.pdf.
Full textHuang, Hai. "Biophysical Characterisation of Two Mutations Causing Long QT Syndrome and Brugada Syndrome." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23724/23724.pdf.
Full textHanna, Nadine. "Maladies héréditaires liées à une dérégulation de la voie Ras-MAPK : Conséquences des mutations de PTPN11 associées au syndrome LEOPARD et étude des corrélations génotype/phénotype dans les syndromes NCFC." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T023.
Full textNeuro-Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous (NCFC) syndromes groups four clinically related developmental disorders: Noonan (NS), LEOPARD (LS), Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous (CFC) and Costello (CS) syndromes. Discovery of PTPNll mutations, coding the phosphatase SHP-2, in NS was the key of the identification of mutations of numerous actors of the Ras-MAPK pathway in the NCFC syndromes. Whereas NS mutations enhance SHP-2 in vitro catalytic activity, we showed that activity of LS mutants is decreased and promote in cellulo Gabl/PI3K binding. How these apparently opposite behaviours of SHP-2 mutants lead to clinically overlapped syndromes still remain to be explained. On the other hand, we performed a genotype/phenotype correlation study in a large NCFC patients cohort. Each of the mutations affecting the Ras-MAPK pathway, by its functional consequences and by the level of the pathway affected, determines a particular symptomatology demonstrating a phenotypic continuum between the clinical entities
Bossé, Yohan. "Genetic Susceptibility to the Metabolic Syndrome." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22151/22151.pdf.
Full textThe metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated cardiovascular risk factors co-occurring in the same individual. People with this syndrome are at increased risk for developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, it is important to elucidate the genetic aetiology governing this trait in order to better comprehend its pathogenesis. In the present thesis, heritability and complex segregation analyses as well as candidate gene and genome-wide scan approaches have been applied to shed some lights on the genetic architecture of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components. A total of three candidate genes have been investigated including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ as well as phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). It has been shown that polymorphisms in both PPARα and PLTP genes are significantly associated with several indices of adiposity. In addition, significant gene-gene interactions have been observed between PPARα and PPARγ on glucose/insulin parameters. It has also been shown that the HDL2-cholesterol response to gemfibrozil therapy is modulated by the PPARα L162V polymorphism. Genome-wide linkage scans have been performed on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Many chromosome regions harbouring lipoprotein/lipid genes have been identified including 1q43, 11q13 q24, 15q26.1, and 19q13.32 for LDL-cholesterol, 12q14.1 for HDL-cholesterol, 2p14, 11p13, and 11q24.1 for triglycerides, 18q21.32 for LDL-apolipoprotein (apo) B, and 3p25.2 for apoAI. The genetic contribution of the variation in LDL peak particle diameter (LDL-PPD) has been also investigated. Overall, the results indicate: 1) that LDL-PPD strongly aggregates within families with heritability estimate above 50%; 2) the existence of a major gene effect affecting the phenotype; and 3) the presence of a major quantitative trait locus located on chromosome 17q. The apo H gene, a positional candidate gene, was then significantly associated with LDL-PPD, suggesting that this gene is responsible for the linkage signal observed on 17q. Finally, factor analyses have been used to construct a quantitative metabolic syndrome variable and a genome-wide linkage scan has been conducted to identify the genomic regions underlying this trait. A major quantitative trait locus has been observed on chromosome 15q suggesting a gene within this region contributing to the clustering of the metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes. Many of these findings must go through independent replication, while others produced new leads that deserve follow-up.
Inscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Murati, Anne. "Les protéines tyrosine kinases dans les syndromes myéloprolifératifs." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20686.
Full textBooks on the topic "Noonan, Syndrome de – Aspect génétique"
J, Epstein Charles, Nadel Lynn, and National Down Syndrome Society (U.S.), eds. Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease: Proceedings of the National Down Syndrome Society Conference on Down Syndrome and Alzheimer Disease, held in New York, January 16 and 17, 1992. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1992.
Find full text1944-, Patterson David, and Epstein Charles J, eds. Molecular genetics of chromosome 21 and Down syndrome: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual National Down Syndrome Society Symposium, held in New York, NY, December 7-8, 1989. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990.
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