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1

Mishchenko, O. Ya, N. Yu Palagina, O. L. Khaleeva та Yu I. Greshko. "Analysis of the assortment and economic affordability of noоtropic drugs". Social Pharmacy in Health Care 7, № 1 (2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/sphhcj.21.216.

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Aim. To analyze the range and assess the economic availability of nootropic drugs at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market in 2018.
 Materials and methods. The study object was information about nootropic drugs available at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in 2018 based on the data of the “PharmXplorer” analytical system of the information retrieval company “Morion”. The study included drugs used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases from the N06B X pharmacotherapeutic group (according to the ATC classification) – “Other psychostimulative and nootropic drugs”. An indicator of th
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Malík, Matěj, and Pavel Tlustoš. "Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs." Nutrients 14, no. 16 (2022): 3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14163367.

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Nootropics, also known as “smart drugs” are a diverse group of medicinal substances whose action improves human thinking, learning, and memory, especially in cases where these functions are impaired. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential effectiveness and importance of nootropics. Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic, and plants and their extracts with nootropic effects. Each subgroup of nootropics contains several
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3

Vitthalrao, Leena Sakhare. "NOOTROPICS AGENTS: PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECT, COMMON EXAMPLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (2018): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1940.

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Nootropics compounds are one of the important categories of medicinal agents act as cognitive enhancers and neuroprotective. These agents mainly used to improve memory related functioning of brain. Nootropic compounds exhibited various neural activities and boost functioning of central nervous system including improvement of intellectual, memory and learning capacity. These agents also offer significant relief in various neurodegenerative disorders such as parkinson disease and alzheimer disease. Drugs, nutraceuticals, supplements and functional foods may be used as nootropics agents to enhanc
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Suliman, Noor Azuin, Che Norma Mat Taib, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, Mohd Ilham Adenan, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin, and Rusliza Basir. "Establishing Natural Nootropics: Recent Molecular Enhancement Influenced by Natural Nootropic." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4391375.

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Nootropics or smart drugs are well-known compounds or supplements that enhance the cognitive performance. They work by increasing the mental function such as memory, creativity, motivation, and attention. Recent researches were focused on establishing a new potential nootropic derived from synthetic and natural products. The influence of nootropic in the brain has been studied widely. The nootropic affects the brain performances through number of mechanisms or pathways, for example, dopaminergic pathway. Previous researches have reported the influence of nootropics on treating memory disorders
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Priyavarshini R, Shweta Betala, and Amit B Patil. "Formulation and Evaluation of fixed dose combination of Nootropic drugs." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2020): 2895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2374.

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Cognitive functions are the critical brain functions responsible for the effective learning and understanding in the humans. They are responsible for various functions like attention, memory, reasoning and in turn helps to improve knowledge. Cognitive impairment is majorly seen in elderly as the brain is prone to neuro degradation. It may also occur in young adults due to poor diet or exercise. Improving cognition is of utmost importance and can be done by the use of cognition enhancers like Nootropics. This class of drugs is said to act by various mechanisms, which in turn leads to the better
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Voronina, T. A. "Cognitive Impairment and Nootropic Drugs: Mechanism of Action and Spectrum of Effects." Нейрохимия 40, no. 2 (2023): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102781332302019x.

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The review provides information about the features of cognitive dysfunctions that occur in various diseases and conditions, and data on the history of the creation and characteristic features of nootropics. The review presents the mechanisms of action and the spectrum of pharmacological effects of nootropic drugs from various groups: drugs that affect brain metabolism, neurotransmitter systems (cholinergic, glutamatergic, gabaergic and others), cerebral vasodilators, neuropeptides and their analogues, antioxidants, membrane protectors and others. The free radical and mitochondrial concepts of
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7

Voronina, T. A. "Cognitive Impairment and Nootropic Drugs: Mechanism of Action and Spectrum of Effects." Neurochemical Journal 17, no. 2 (2023): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1819712423020198.

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Abstract—This review provides information about the features of cognitive dysfunctions that occur in various diseases and conditions, and data on the history of the creation and characteristic features of nootropics. The review presents the mechanisms of action and the spectrum of pharmacological effects of nootropic drugs from various groups: drugs that affect brain metabolism, neurotransmitter systems (cholinergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and others), cerebral vasodilators, neuropeptides and their analogues, antioxidants, membrane protectors, and others. The free radical and mitochondrial
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8

Anton, Semenets, Suleiman Marharyta, Georgiyants Victoriya, et al. "Theoretical justification of a purposeful search of potential neurotropic drugs." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 4(26) (August 31, 2020): 4–17. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2020.210042.

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A targeted search for potential drugs of neurotropic action involves the choice of a basic “pharmacophore”, which is advisable to carry out on the basis of the achieved principle among the classes of chemical compounds where active pharmaceutical substances with high targeted activity have already been identified. Therefore, the pyrrolidine core, which is the basic fragment of nootropics of the racetam group, is promising for the rational design of biologically active compounds of nootropic action. Its combination with other heterocyclic fragments, in particular, the 1,2,4-triazole
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9

Saiz Garcia, H., L. Montes Reula, A. Portilla Fernandez, et al. "Nootropics: Emergents drugs associated with new clinical challenges." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): s877—s878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1769.

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IntroductionThe “nootropic” or simplified as a “smart drug”, is a common term that will tag along with the compound responsible for the enhancement of mental performance. Certain individuals with a history of mental or substance use disorders might be particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects.MethodologyA review was conducted aiming to clarify the mechanisms associated of how these drugs increase mental functions including memory, motivation, concentration, and attention; and which kind of individuals are at risk of developing adverse effects when taking these drugs. The literature search
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10

Arcadi, Francesca Antonia, Francesco Corallo, Michele Torrisi, et al. "Role of citicoline and choline in the treatment of post-stroke depression: an exploratory study." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 11 (2021): 030006052110550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211055036.

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Objective To compare selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and nootropic drugs in the reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms in post-stroke patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with post-stroke depression that were treated with either SSRIs or nootropic drugs (i.e. citicoline or choline alphoscerate). Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scales. Statistical associations between the use of nootropic drugs and mood disorder improvements were determined by measuring assessment scores at 6-months. Results A total of
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11

Tkachova, O. V., L. V. Iakovlieva, and Ya O. Butko. "Comparative analysis of nootropic means of consumption in Ukraine, Estonia and Norway." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.2.20.03.

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Cerebrovascular disease develops in neurodegenerative, vascular or cerebrovascular diseases of the brain. For their treatment, nootropic agents have neurotrophic, neuroprotective effects, increase brain energy exchange and cerebral circulation.
 The purpose of the study was to study the range and consumption of nootropic agents in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine and to compare the volume and structure of their consumption with Estonia and Norway.
 The objects of this study were the representatives of two pharmacotherapeutic groups - NO6B «Psychostimulants and Nootropic Drugs» an
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12

Nasibullina, N. M. "Modern advances in the development of neurotropic drugs." Kazan medical journal 81, no. 2 (2022): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96295.

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Among the drugs that prevent the development of mental illness, the consequences of epilepsy and cerebral palsy, the use of neurotropic drugs in various dosage forms (DF) is considered promising and expedient [1, 49, 18]. Over the past 10-15 years, a large number of publications have been accumulated on the achievements in the development of highly active neurotropic drugs, which served as an impetus for the study of their pharmacological activity and mechanism of action. Nevertheless, among specialists involved in the search and development of nootropics, there is no single point of view rega
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13

Norkulov, Nazhmiddin Uralovich, Amirkul Shodievich Shodiev, and Davron Mavlonovich Ravshanov. "CLINICAL FEATURES AND EFFICACY OF THE USE OF NOOTROPICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PERIOD OF CONCENTRAL BRAIN." Journal of neurology and neurosurgical research 3, no. 4 (2022): 6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7112711.

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It is of great importance to study the leading clinical symptoms and determine the effectiveness of the use of nootropics in the acute period of concussion for the correct diagnosis and treatment. The present study included data from a comprehensive examination and treatment of 60 patients with concussion, of which 30 received traditional treatment (Group 1), the remaining 30 received nootropic drugs in addition to traditional treatment (Group 2). All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination, including X-ray, electroencephalographic, ophthalmological, computer a
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14

Pozzi, O., E. Allievi, R. Biagetti, S. Banfi, and L. Dorigotti. "Behavioural screening for potential nootropic drugs." Pharmacological Research Communications 20 (September 1988): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-6989(88)80445-4.

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15

Pepeu, Giancarlo, and Giacomo Spignoli. "Nootropic drugs and brain cholinergic mechanisms." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 13 (January 1989): S77—S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(89)90112-7.

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16

Pisera, Piotr, Aleksandra Kiełkowicz, Filip Pactwa, et al. "Smart drugs among students – multidimensional view on present ways of cognitive enhancement." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 49, no. 1 (2023): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.49.01.007.

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Background: Nootropic drugs, at the beginning of their career, were used in the treatment of diseases such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease and narcolepsy. Nowadays, they are becoming more and more popular among students, where they are often called smart drugs or cognitive enhancers. Their properties that improve intellectual abilities and cognitive functions are used to, among other things, improve academic performance.
 Aim of the study: The purpose of this article was to summarize the current state of knowledge relating to the use of smart drugs
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17

Patel, Jenilkumar, Angelle King, Mahant Malempati, and Milee Patel. "Understanding nootropics and cognitive enhancement: mechanism of action and ethical considerations." Health Open Research 6 (January 9, 2024): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/healthopenres.13504.1.

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Nootropics are substances that enhance cognition through various mechanisms. Nootropics include various substances, ranging from derivatives of neurotransmitters to naturally occurring plants. They are used therapeutically for certain psychological disorders including Alzheimer’s dementia and mild cognitive impairment. More recently, healthy individuals have been shown to consume nootropics to enhance mental processes above baseline levels. Nootropic modes of action vary, but the most supported mechanisms include increased acetylcholine levels in synapses, increased levels of monoamine oxidase
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18

Chikkamath, Vinuth, H. Venkatrao Kulkarni, V. Prasanna Habbu, and Nagappa Anantha Naik. "The effectiveness of Grewia hirsuta (Vahl.) as a nootropic on scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit in young and aged mice." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 28, no. 5 (2024): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/285rjce030040.

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The dementia and loss of cognitive nature among humans are becoming epidemics and causing a socio-economic burden. Amnesia and cognitive behaviours are natural phenomena due to aging. The studies in young and aged mice were conducted in order to rule out the impact of aging. It has become necessary to find novel nootropic agents that are derived from natural resources. In synthetic drugs, we have a piracetam prototype nootropic. The natural products obtained from plant sources are safe and compatible with physiological conditions. Hence, we hope our scientific research may lead to novel nootro
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19

Danilov, V. V., E. V. Eliseeva, V. V. Danilov, I. Yu Vol'nyh, V. V. Danilov, and F. A. Sevryukov. "ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR IMPERATIVE AND MIXED URINARY DISORDERS IN WOMEN WITH THE INTERVAL SCALE." Surgical practice, no. 3 (October 22, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.38181/2223-2427-2021-3-22-30.

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Introduction. The search for effective drug combinations for treating continental disorders in women is still relevant. The interval scale for assessing lower urinary tract symptoms in women is a simple and convenient tool for monitoring pharmacotherapy. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of imperative and mixed urination disorders in women with alpha1-blockers in combination with nootropic drugs using an interval symptom rating scale.Materials and methods. Under observation there were 31 patients aged 40 to 73 years who applied to the Center “Urination Pathology” with mixed
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20

Koshmanova, A. N., and M. L. Maksimov. "Prospects for the Cortexin application." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2207-05.

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Cortexin is a multicomponent preparation containing low-molecular-weight neuropeptides (complex of L-amino- and ribonucleic acids), vitamins and microelements. It belongs to the group of nootropic drugs and contributes to the activation of the higher brain activity, restoration of cognitive functions, reduction of neurological deficits, and the increase in brain resistance to aggressive factors. In addition to Cortexin, nootropics include: piracetam, cerebrolysin, citicoline, mexidol and many others. There are data indicating the high efficiency of Cortexin in the treatment of ischemic strokes
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Malík, Matěj, and Pavel Tlustoš. "Nootropic Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees as Potential Cognitive Enhancers." Plants 12, no. 6 (2023): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12061364.

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Plant-based nootropics are a diverse group of natural drugs that can improve cognitive abilities through various physiological mechanisms, especially in cases where these functions are weakened or impaired. In many cases, the nootropics enhance erythrocyte plasticity and inhibit aggregation, which improves the blood’s rheological properties and increases its flow to the brain. Many of these formulations possess antioxidant activity that protects brain tissue from neurotoxicity and improves the brain’s oxygen supply. They can induce the synthesis of neuronal proteins, nucleic acids, and phospho
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22

Gainotti, G., N. Benedetti, C. Caltagirone, and U. Nocentini. "Cognitive Improvement in Clinical Trials with Nootropic Drugs." Clinical Neuropharmacology 9 (1986): S65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-198600093-00010.

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23

Gainotti, G., N. Benedetti, C. Caltagirone, and U. Nocentini. "Cognitive Improvement in Clinical Trials with Nootropic Drugs." Clinical Neuropharmacology 9 (1986): S65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-198609003-00010.

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24

Sydorenko, A. H. "NOOTROPICS: A LONG WAY IN HALF A CENTURY." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 23, no. 1 (2023): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.23.1.199.

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Introduction. Currently, there are drugs that can improve cognitive processes. They are nootropics. The term "nootropics" was introduced in 1972, when piracetam's memory-enhancing properties were discovered, and this group of drugs has served the human benefit for half a century. The purpose of the work is to analyze known facts and new trends in the development of nootropics as a pharmacological group. Materials and methods. Internet resources (PubMed, Google Scholar, CrossRef) are used to search for information. Original research articles, meta-analyses and systematic reviews are included in
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A. Nagesh, Bhooshitha, Sneha Desai, Krishna K. Linganna, et al. "MULMINATM REVERSES MEMORY IMPAIRMENT INDUCED BY GABAPENTIN IN PTZ EPILEPTIC MOUSE MODEL AND EXHIBITS SYNERGISTIC ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY." Indian Drugs 60, no. 05 (2023): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.60.05.12969.

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Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures and memory impairment is a common side effect of epileptic treatment. The present study was conceptualized to evaluate the protective effect of the nootropic herbal drink MulminaTM against memory impairment induced by Gabapentin in a pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic mouse model. The antiepileptic and memory impairment activity were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the gabapentin group, whereas the combination of gabapentin + MulminaTM significantly (p<0.05) increased antiepileptic and decrease
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26

Chiriapkin, A. S., A. A. Glushko, and I. P. Kodonidi. "STUDY OF THE AFFINITY OF N-ACYL DERIVATIVES OF 2-OXO-1-PYRROLIDINE ACETAMIDE TO THE BINDING SITE OF NMDA RECEPTOR BY MOLECULAR DOCKING METHOD." Juvenis Scientia, no. 3 (2019): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2019.03.01.

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The search for new compounds with а high nootropic biological activity is a promising scientific direction. A modern computational method for predicting pharmacological activity of the studied compounds is the molecular docking. The aim of this work is to study the affinity of new N-acyl derivatives of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide to the binding site of NMDA receptor to search of new effective nootropic drugs. As objects of study, there are used the new N-acyl derivatives of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide, racetams, glutamate and a virtual model of NMDA receptor of organism Rattus norvegicus w
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27

Савельєва, Олена Валеріївна, Ганна Сергіївна Шумова, and Інна Миколаївна Владимирова. "Analysis of pharmaceutical market of nootropic drugs in Ukraine." ScienceRise 11, no. 4 (16) (2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2313-8416.2015.54873.

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28

Claus, J. J., C. Ludwig, E. Mohr, M. Giuffra, J. Blin, and T. N. Chase. "Nootropic drugs in Alzheimer's disease: Symptomatic treatment with pramiracetam." Neurology 41, no. 4 (1991): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.41.4.570.

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29

RAKHMANKULOVA, I., and G. KUZNETSOVA. "Correlation between nootropic activity and adaptive stability of drugs." Pharmacological Research 31 (1995): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1043-6618(95)87316-3.

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30

Okuyama, S. "Action of nootropic drugs on transcallosal responses in rats." Neuropharmacology 27, no. 1 (1988): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(88)90202-x.

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31

GENKOVA-PAPASOVA, M., and BAKAROVA M. LAZAROVA-. "EFFECTS OF NOOTROPIC DRUGS OF PENTYLENETETRAZOL KINDLING IN RATS." Behavioural Pharmacology 3, Supplement (1992): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199204001-00239.

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32

Amato, Maria E., Florence Djedaïni, Giuseppe C. Pappalardo, Bruno Perly та Giuseppe Scarlata. "Molecular Modeling of β‐Cyclodextrin Complexes with Nootropic Drugs". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 81, № 12 (1992): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600811205.

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Kresyun, V. I., and Ya V. Rozhkovskii. "Molecular-biochemical mechanisms of the action of nootropic drugs." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 110, no. 1 (1990): 919–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00839928.

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34

Bharti, Raj Kumar Singh, Amit Kumar, Munna Singh, Ankita Tripathi, and Priya Pandey. "BEHAVIORAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS FOR ANTISTRESS AND NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY ON RATS." Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion 10, no. 3 (2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.103156.

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There is a number of Synthetic (allopathic) drugs which are used in the treatment of mental disorders, they are helpful but synthetic drugs also have lots of side effects with monetary problem. The Ayurveda has a long tradition of treating mental disorders. Herbal drugs are playing a significant role in the health care agendas worldwide, mostly due to the general faith that they are without any side effects, besides being contemptible and locally available. Recently there is a recovery of an interest in herbal medicines for the management of different aliments including CNS disorders. Experime
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35

Vishal, Jadhav* Priyadarshani Ladhave Rupali Rathod. "Memory Enhancing Medicine: Do they really work?" International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14785481.

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Dementia is a syndrome usually occurs in Alzheimers (AD) disease and vascular dementia (VD) due to disease in brain drugs considers cognitive enhancers includes dietary product and supplimentracetams, stimulant dopaminergics, cholinergics, GABA blockers, glutamate activator and harmones etc. in recent years research on medicinal plants have been studied for nootropic activity memory gives an individual the capability to learn and adpt from previous experience and the power of recalling the previous learn facts, skill and habits. Some the herbs that help in enhancing on memory are bacopa, monni
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36

Unnikrishnan, Dr Vidhya. "Conceptual Considerations on the Influence of Medhya Rasayana (Nootropic Drugs) in Cardiovascular Health." JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2, no. 3 (2016): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/jrtm.2016/113.

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37

Zavadenko, N. N. "Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children: Neuroplasticity and Possibilities of Nootropic Pharmacotherapy." Нейрохимия 40, no. 2 (2023): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102781332302022x.

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) are characterized by disturbances of the formation of cognitive functions, communication skills, behavior characteristics and / or motor skills, which are caused by abnormalities in the course of the processes of neuroontogenesis. Factors of the etiology and pathogenesis of NDD include genetic mechanisms, early damage to the developing brain, and adverse external influences. Most forms of NDD manifest themselves in the early stages of development and before the child begins school eduction. The most common NDD, with which medical doctors of various specialtie
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Fokin, Yu V., M. M. Borisova, and S. Yu Kharitonov. "Neuroimaging of the Intracentral Brain of Cats by Normalization of Electrograms under the Action of Semax." Journal Biomed 17, no. 3 (2021): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-17-3-74-78.

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Normalization of FFT-transformed brain electrograms under the action of Semax was performed. The adequacy of the approach to assessing the pharmacodynamics of nootropic drugs exhibiting an activating effect on intracentral relations of the brain was shown. The high-frequency components of encephalograms (the γ-range in particular) were confirmed to be the most important indicators of the effects of psychotropic drugs.
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39

Sarter, Martin. "Some Considerations of Different Modes of Action of Nootropic Drugs." Neuropsychobiology 15, no. 3-4 (1986): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000118263.

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40

Almeida, Jesus F., Manuel Grande, Joaquín R. Moran, Josefa Anaya, Ma Luisa Mussons, and Ma Cruz Caballero. "Synthesis of the 3-hydroxy oxiracetam enantiomers, potential nootropic drugs." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 4, no. 12 (1993): 2483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4166(00)82227-2.

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41

Woźniak, Marta, Łukasz Chrzanowski, Monika Čvančarová, Philippe F. X. Corvini, and Danuta Cichocka. "Microbial degradation of nootropic drugs – new group of emerging contaminants." New Biotechnology 33 (July 2016): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.836.

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42

Savchenko, N. M., R. U. Ostrovskaya, and Yu V. Burov. "Normalization of extrapolation avoidance behavior of rats by nootropic drugs." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 106, no. 2 (1988): 1110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00840372.

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43

Abramova, M. F., I. A. Stepanova, K. V. Abramov, T. N. Kazykina, and T. M. Vasilyeva. "Cerebrovascular disorders and autonomic dystonia syndrome in children (adolescents) and young patients. Clinical diagnostic therapy algorithms." Medical alphabet 3, no. 24 (2019): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-3-24(399)-23-27.

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The expressed disturbances of a cerebral hemodynamics (mainly venous) at patients of teenage and young age lead to disturbances of the vegetative nervous system (before the panic attacks), and then to decrease of cognitive functions, and to development of asthenic states. We offered options of complex therapy within 2 months under control of the ultrasonic methods (ultrasonic transcranial dopplerography). Appointment of vasoactive drugs and also drugs with nootropic action is necessary.
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44

Барчук, О. З., Н. М. Максимович, and О. М. Заліська. "Marketing research of the ukrainian pharmaceutical market of medicines for cognitive impairment." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (March 15, 2024): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.2.24.02.

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The war in Ukraine causes people constant nervous tension and stress, as a result, there is an increase in the number of cases of diseases of the nervous system. It has been established that worsening of cognitive impairment is more often diagnosed, so there is a need for proper rational pharmacotherapy. The presence of cognitive impairment occurs in almost 30% of patients with post-COVID syndrome and in 70% of patients in the first 6 months after a stroke. Nootropic drugs are increasingly being used to restore and improve cognitive function. The aim of our research was to study the range of d
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45

Boyko, S. S., V. P. Zherdev, and R. V. Shevchenko. "Pharmacokinetics of noopept and its active metabolite cycloprolyl glycine in rats." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 64, no. 5 (2018): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20186405455.

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The study of the pharmacokinetics of new drugs and the identification of active metabolites is a necessary step for effective and safe use in the clinical practice. It is especially important for peptide drugs due to their enzymatic instability, low bioavailability and poor permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The role of endogenous neuropeptides containing cyclic amino acids, proline, pyroglutamic acid, and glycine, in the regulation of memory processes is known as terminal peptide fragments. The development of nootropic drugs based on natural neuropeptides with high pharmacolo
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46

Sinha, Nitu, and Nisha Kumari Ojha. "EFFECT OF KUSHTHADI GHRITA IN ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS: A REVIEW." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 13, no. 3 (2022): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.130366.

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Adolescence is the transitional phase for mental health promotion since more than half of mental health problems begin during this time, and many of them remain into adulthood. These conditions account for 10-20% of the global disease burden. This impacts the individual's likelihood of having an intellectual disability. According to Ayurveda, acharya Kashyap describes a Kushthadi ghrita prepared with Kushtha (Saussurea lappa), leaf-buds of Vata (Ficus benghalensis), Gauri (yellow mustard) (Sinapis alba), Pippali (Piper longum), Triphala [Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Amalaki (Phyllanthus embl
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47

Kozdoba, A., and M. L. Maksimov. "New properties of nootropic drug phenylpiracetam." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2206-26.

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Phenylpiracetam (phenotropil) is a drug from the group of nootropics, a derivative of piracetam. As of 2022, it is included in the list of Vital and Essential Drugs. It was developed in 1980 by the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences to improve the astronauts’ physical and mental activity. The industrial synthesis method was developed on the basis of the Department of Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, in 2006 [2]. Phenylpiracetam has a wide range of pharmacological effects and absolute bioavailability of 100%, it penetr
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48

Kodonidi, Ivan P., Alexey S. Chiriapkin, Andrey V. Morozov, Lyudmila P. Smirnova, Alexander V. Ivchenko, and Oksana M. Zhilina. "SYNTHESIS AND THERMOCHEMICAL MODELING OF REACTION MECHANISM FOR PRODUCING N-ACYL DERIVATIVES OF 2-(2-OXO-1-PYRROLIDINE-1-YL) – ACETAMIDE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 2 (2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206302.6080.

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Nootropic drugs are an extensive group of drugs that are used in the treatment of various disorders of the сentral nervous system. One of the widely used nootropic medicines is a piracetam, which is a cyclic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid. Synthesis of new derivatives of the piracetam with a high nootropic activity is a promising direction of creation of new neuroprotective drugs. The aim of this work is to optimize the synthesis method and the computer calculation of the thermodynamic parameters, explaining the yields of the reaction to obtain N-acyl derivatives of 2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine-1
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Соколик, E. Sokolik, Егоров, and A. Egorov. "Pharmacological Modulation of Compensatory Mechanisms Energy Metabolism in the Brain of Prenatal Alcoholic Animals." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 3 (2014): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5898.

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The studies have shown that drinking alcohol by woman during pregnancy can lead not only to a full fetal alcohol syndrome, but also causes less severe dysmorphic, cognitive and behavioral disordersl, i.e. fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, leads to low birth weight, fetal death, and other complications of pregnancy.
 The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of neuroprotective drugs tiocetam, cerebrocurin and piracetam on the marks of thin elements of energy metabolism and compensatory shunts in the brain of animals early age undergoing prenatal alcoholism.
 In pregna
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Filatova, Olga V. "Influence of a phytocompound with nootropic properties on human cardiovascular fitness." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 18, no. 3 (2025): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2025.18(3).73-80.

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Introduction. Development of new nootropic drugs requires systematizing the existing knowledge and conducting both experimental and clinical studies to deeply investigate their efficacy and modes of action. Aim. To evaluate the effect of a phytocompound with nootropic properties on the cardiovascular fitness of conditionally healthy individuals. Materials and Methods. Before and after a course of phytocompound administration, the subjects underwent a comprehensive examination, including a study of the autonomic nervous system using the standard A.D. Solovyova table; electrocardiography with th
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