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Journal articles on the topic 'Nootropics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Suliman, Noor Azuin, Che Norma Mat Taib, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, Mohd Ilham Adenan, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin, and Rusliza Basir. "Establishing Natural Nootropics: Recent Molecular Enhancement Influenced by Natural Nootropic." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4391375.

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Nootropics or smart drugs are well-known compounds or supplements that enhance the cognitive performance. They work by increasing the mental function such as memory, creativity, motivation, and attention. Recent researches were focused on establishing a new potential nootropic derived from synthetic and natural products. The influence of nootropic in the brain has been studied widely. The nootropic affects the brain performances through number of mechanisms or pathways, for example, dopaminergic pathway. Previous researches have reported the influence of nootropics on treating memory disorders

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Malík, Matěj, and Pavel Tlustoš. "Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs." Nutrients 14, no. 16 (2022): 3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14163367.

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Nootropics, also known as “smart drugs” are a diverse group of medicinal substances whose action improves human thinking, learning, and memory, especially in cases where these functions are impaired. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential effectiveness and importance of nootropics. Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic, and plants and their extracts with nootropic effects. Each subgroup of nootropics contains several

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Vitthalrao, Leena Sakhare. "NOOTROPICS AGENTS: PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECT, COMMON EXAMPLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (2018): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1940.

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Nootropics compounds are one of the important categories of medicinal agents act as cognitive enhancers and neuroprotective. These agents mainly used to improve memory related functioning of brain. Nootropic compounds exhibited various neural activities and boost functioning of central nervous system including improvement of intellectual, memory and learning capacity. These agents also offer significant relief in various neurodegenerative disorders such as parkinson disease and alzheimer disease. Drugs, nutraceuticals, supplements and functional foods may be used as nootropics agents to enhanc

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Patel, Jenilkumar, Angelle King, Mahant Malempati, and Milee Patel. "Understanding nootropics and cognitive enhancement: mechanism of action and ethical considerations." Health Open Research 6 (January 9, 2024): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/healthopenres.13504.1.

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Nootropics are substances that enhance cognition through various mechanisms. Nootropics include various substances, ranging from derivatives of neurotransmitters to naturally occurring plants. They are used therapeutically for certain psychological disorders including Alzheimer’s dementia and mild cognitive impairment. More recently, healthy individuals have been shown to consume nootropics to enhance mental processes above baseline levels. Nootropic modes of action vary, but the most supported mechanisms include increased acetylcholine levels in synapses, increased levels of monoamine oxidase

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Shabanov, P. D. "The Origins and Background of the Creation of the Nootropics Concept." Нейрохимия 40, no. 2 (2023): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1027813323020127.

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The concept of nootropics was introduced into pharmacology in the early 1970s by Corneliu Giurgea, a Belgian pharmacologist of Romanian origin, based on the study of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives, which later became known as racetams. The paper substantiates the position that the emergence of modern ideas about nootropics and similar compounds (psychoenergizers, antihypoxants, actoprotectors) in a certain sense was preceded by the concept of adaptogens by N.V. Lazarev (1953–1958), whose theoretical development went towards concretization of certain provisions of this concept. The formation o

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Varshney, PAYAK, RAKESH SHARMA, RAM GARG, and MAMTA SHARMA. "A Review on Natural Nootropic Medicines and Their Potential Human Health Benefits." Indian Journal of Health Care, Medical & Pharmacy Practice 4, no. 2 (2023): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59551/ijhmp/25832069/2023.4.2.40.

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Nootropics, often known as smart agents or supplements that improve cognitive ability. They operate by improving cognitive abilities such as memory, creativity, motivation, and concentration. Recent studies have focused on a natural nootropics. The effects of nootropics on the brain have been extensively researched. These influences brain functioning via a variety of methods or routes, such as the dopaminergic system. Previous studies have found that nootropics can help treat memory illnesses like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington’s. These illnesses have been shown to disrupt the same n

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Chiroma, Samaila Musa, Che Norma Mat Taib, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin, Zulkhairi Amom, and Saravanan Jagadeesan. "The use of nootropics in Alzheimer’s disease: is there light at the end of the tunnel?" Biomedical Research and Therapy 6, no. 1 (2019): 2937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v6i1.513.

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Background: The nootropic or simply known as smart drug is a common term given to any compound that is responsible for enhancing mental capability or performance. Alzheimer's disease is characterized clinically by lose of cognitive abilities and pathologically by two hallmark lesions, neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. It is unfortunate that AD has no cure yet. In this review attempt has been made to elucidate the general views on AD pathogenic hypotheses and common nootropics being used in AD research. Methods: Articles from credible scientific data bases such as Sciencdirect,

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Sydorenko, A. H. "NOOTROPICS: A LONG WAY IN HALF A CENTURY." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 23, no. 1 (2023): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.23.1.199.

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Introduction. Currently, there are drugs that can improve cognitive processes. They are nootropics. The term "nootropics" was introduced in 1972, when piracetam's memory-enhancing properties were discovered, and this group of drugs has served the human benefit for half a century. The purpose of the work is to analyze known facts and new trends in the development of nootropics as a pharmacological group. Materials and methods. Internet resources (PubMed, Google Scholar, CrossRef) are used to search for information. Original research articles, meta-analyses and systematic reviews are included in

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Rudra, Pranab. "Ethical Underpinning and Implications of “Nootropic” Concept." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica-Aesthetica-Practica, no. 32 (December 30, 2018): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6107.32.03.

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The current generation paving the path for new research marks a milestone to attain the ancient goal of improving our cognition. To date, increased prevalence of cognitive enhancers by healthy people has raised the scientific community’s attention as well as media coverage. In particular, nootropics such as piracetam promise to offer modest improvements in cognitive performance. The long-lasting impetus of this “holistic enhancer” convinced scientists as well as ethicists to discuss its potential ethical implications and future directions. Moreover, there are discrepancies in the concept of a

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Onaolapo, Adejoke Yetunde, Adebimpe Yemisi Obelawo, and Olakunle James Onaolapo. "Brain Ageing, Cognition and Diet: A Review of the Emerging Roles of Food-Based Nootropics in Mitigating Age-related Memory Decline." Current Aging Science 12, no. 1 (2019): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874609812666190311160754.

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Background: Age-related cognitive decline has been suggested to result from an increase in the brain neuron loss, which is attributable to continued derangement of the brain’s oxidant/ antioxidant balance. Increased oxidative stress and a concomitant decrease in the brain’s antioxidant defense system have been associated with functional senescence and organismal ageing. However, nature has configured certain foods to be rich sources of nootropic agents, with research showing that increased consumption of such foods or food ingredients may be protective against ageing-related memory decline. Th

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Voronina, T. A. "Cognitive Impairment and Nootropic Drugs: Mechanism of Action and Spectrum of Effects." Нейрохимия 40, no. 2 (2023): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102781332302019x.

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The review provides information about the features of cognitive dysfunctions that occur in various diseases and conditions, and data on the history of the creation and characteristic features of nootropics. The review presents the mechanisms of action and the spectrum of pharmacological effects of nootropic drugs from various groups: drugs that affect brain metabolism, neurotransmitter systems (cholinergic, glutamatergic, gabaergic and others), cerebral vasodilators, neuropeptides and their analogues, antioxidants, membrane protectors and others. The free radical and mitochondrial concepts of

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Voronina, T. A. "Cognitive Impairment and Nootropic Drugs: Mechanism of Action and Spectrum of Effects." Neurochemical Journal 17, no. 2 (2023): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1819712423020198.

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Abstract—This review provides information about the features of cognitive dysfunctions that occur in various diseases and conditions, and data on the history of the creation and characteristic features of nootropics. The review presents the mechanisms of action and the spectrum of pharmacological effects of nootropic drugs from various groups: drugs that affect brain metabolism, neurotransmitter systems (cholinergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and others), cerebral vasodilators, neuropeptides and their analogues, antioxidants, membrane protectors, and others. The free radical and mitochondrial

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Norkulov, Nazhmiddin Uralovich, Amirkul Shodievich Shodiev, and Davron Mavlonovich Ravshanov. "CLINICAL FEATURES AND EFFICACY OF THE USE OF NOOTROPICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PERIOD OF CONCENTRAL BRAIN." Journal of neurology and neurosurgical research 3, no. 4 (2022): 6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7112711.

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It is of great importance to study the leading clinical symptoms and determine the effectiveness of the use of nootropics in the acute period of concussion for the correct diagnosis and treatment. The present study included data from a comprehensive examination and treatment of 60 patients with concussion, of which 30 received traditional treatment (Group 1), the remaining 30 received nootropic drugs in addition to traditional treatment (Group 2). All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination, including X-ray, electroencephalographic, ophthalmological, computer a

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&NA;. "Nootropics." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 13, no. 5 (1993): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199310000-00030.

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&NA;. "Nootropics." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 14, no. 5 (1994): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199410000-00030.

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&NA;. "Nootropics." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 14, no. 6 (1994): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199412000-00032.

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O’Reilly, David, Joshua Bolam, Ioannis Delis, and Andrea Utley. "Effect of a Plant-Based Nootropic Supplement on Perceptual Decision-Making and Brain Network Interdependencies: A Randomised, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study." Brain Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15030226.

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Background: Natural nootropic compounds are evidenced to restore brain function in clinical and older populations and are purported to enhance cognitive abilities in healthy cohorts. This study aimed to provide neurocomputational insight into the discrepancies between the remarkable self-reports and growing interest in nootropics among healthy adults and the inconclusive performance-enhancing effects found in the literature. Methods: Towards this end, we devised a randomised, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study where participants performed a visual categorisation task prior to and fol

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Koshmanova, A. N., and M. L. Maksimov. "Prospects for the Cortexin application." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2207-05.

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Cortexin is a multicomponent preparation containing low-molecular-weight neuropeptides (complex of L-amino- and ribonucleic acids), vitamins and microelements. It belongs to the group of nootropic drugs and contributes to the activation of the higher brain activity, restoration of cognitive functions, reduction of neurological deficits, and the increase in brain resistance to aggressive factors. In addition to Cortexin, nootropics include: piracetam, cerebrolysin, citicoline, mexidol and many others. There are data indicating the high efficiency of Cortexin in the treatment of ischemic strokes

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Mishchenko, O. Ya, N. Yu Palagina, O. L. Khaleeva та Yu I. Greshko. "Analysis of the assortment and economic affordability of noоtropic drugs". Social Pharmacy in Health Care 7, № 1 (2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/sphhcj.21.216.

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Aim. To analyze the range and assess the economic availability of nootropic drugs at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market in 2018. Materials and methods. The study object was information about nootropic drugs available at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in 2018 based on the data of the “PharmXplorer” analytical system of the information retrieval company “Morion”. The study included drugs used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases from the N06B X pharmacotherapeutic group (according to the ATC classification) – “Other psychostimulative and nootropic drugs”. An indicator of th

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Nasibullina, N. M. "Modern advances in the development of neurotropic drugs." Kazan medical journal 81, no. 2 (2022): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96295.

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Among the drugs that prevent the development of mental illness, the consequences of epilepsy and cerebral palsy, the use of neurotropic drugs in various dosage forms (DF) is considered promising and expedient [1, 49, 18]. Over the past 10-15 years, a large number of publications have been accumulated on the achievements in the development of highly active neurotropic drugs, which served as an impetus for the study of their pharmacological activity and mechanism of action. Nevertheless, among specialists involved in the search and development of nootropics, there is no single point of view rega

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Saiz Garcia, H., L. Montes Reula, A. Portilla Fernandez, et al. "Nootropics: Emergents drugs associated with new clinical challenges." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): s877—s878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1769.

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IntroductionThe “nootropic” or simplified as a “smart drug”, is a common term that will tag along with the compound responsible for the enhancement of mental performance. Certain individuals with a history of mental or substance use disorders might be particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects.MethodologyA review was conducted aiming to clarify the mechanisms associated of how these drugs increase mental functions including memory, motivation, concentration, and attention; and which kind of individuals are at risk of developing adverse effects when taking these drugs. The literature search

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Priyavarshini R, Shweta Betala, and Amit B Patil. "Formulation and Evaluation of fixed dose combination of Nootropic drugs." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2020): 2895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2374.

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Cognitive functions are the critical brain functions responsible for the effective learning and understanding in the humans. They are responsible for various functions like attention, memory, reasoning and in turn helps to improve knowledge. Cognitive impairment is majorly seen in elderly as the brain is prone to neuro degradation. It may also occur in young adults due to poor diet or exercise. Improving cognition is of utmost importance and can be done by the use of cognition enhancers like Nootropics. This class of drugs is said to act by various mechanisms, which in turn leads to the better

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Ibragimov, Sherzod. "SOME OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE AND POWERFUL NOOTROPES." ГРААЛЬ НАУКИ, no. 5 (June 14, 2021): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.04.06.2021.067.

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This article reviews the most effective nootropes in terms of affecting the human brain. If you are already tired of reading about different nootropes, and do not understand what to stop at. They say that they are dangerous, they are generally useless, and someone attributes miraculous properties to them. In this article we will give nootropics used for the development of the brain and efficiency in terms of brain performance. This article can also help workers in areas where they need to work with a huge amount of information and students.

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Malík, Matěj, and Pavel Tlustoš. "Nootropic Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees as Potential Cognitive Enhancers." Plants 12, no. 6 (2023): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12061364.

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Plant-based nootropics are a diverse group of natural drugs that can improve cognitive abilities through various physiological mechanisms, especially in cases where these functions are weakened or impaired. In many cases, the nootropics enhance erythrocyte plasticity and inhibit aggregation, which improves the blood’s rheological properties and increases its flow to the brain. Many of these formulations possess antioxidant activity that protects brain tissue from neurotoxicity and improves the brain’s oxygen supply. They can induce the synthesis of neuronal proteins, nucleic acids, and phospho

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Blanchet, S., and S. Devine. "Nootropics in Postmodernity:." Delphi - Interdisciplinary Review of Emerging Technologies 1, no. 1 (2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/delphi/2018/1/10.

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Kang, Minjae, Dan Bee Lee, Sungchan Kwon, Eun Lee, and Woo Jung Kim. "Effectiveness of Nootropics in Combination with Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognitive Function in Mild-to-Moderate Dementia: A Study Using Real-World Data." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 16 (2022): 4661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164661.

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The clinical benefits of nootropics in the treatment of cognitive decline has been either limited or controversial. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) and nootropics combination in the treatment of cognitive impairment in dementia. Data were based on electronic medical records in a university health system. Patients with mild-to-moderate dementia and no history of prior cognitive enhancer use were included (n = 583). The subjects were categorized into the ChEI only group and the ChEI and nootropics combination group. The primary outcome measure was

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Ugwu, Anthony Odinaka, Oliver Asogwa Patrick, Nathaniel Kumar Sarella Prakash, Samuel Otuodi1 Asogwa, and Kakarparthy Ravishankar. "Nootropic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Zingiber officinale and Centella asiatica on Stress Induced Rats." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 06, no. 06 (2023): 3240–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8025900.

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<strong>ABSTRACT: </strong>Nootropics, natural or synthetic substances that boost brain function and cognitive abilities, were investigated in this study. Specifically, the effects of <em>Zingiber officinale</em> and <em>Centella asiatica</em> extracts were compared to the standard nootropic piracetam. Both plant extracts demonstrated nootropic activity and contained phytochemicals like flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that protect the brain from oxidative damage. Sterols such as stigmasterol inhibiting acetyl CoA esterase activity were also present. Tests were conducted on rats given the ext

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Denesh Raj, Nithyanandham Masilamani, and Dhanraj Ganapathy. "Awareness on nootropic herbs among dental students Herbal nootropic agents." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (2020): 870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3040.

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Nootropics herb constitutes of compounds that enhance cognitive performance by increasing mental functions memory, creativity, motivation, and attention, eventually causing individuals to be many alerts and focused. These nootropic herbs tend to enhance brain performances. To assess the awareness on nootropic herbs among dental students. A cross-sectional study was done with a self-administered questionnaire with 10 questions circulated among 100 dental students. The questionnaire assessed the awareness on pharmacological properties, traditional uses, medicinal uses and memory-enhancing functi

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Sansone, Mario, and Alberto Oliverio. "Avoidance facilitation by nootropics." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 13 (January 1989): S89—S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(89)90113-9.

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Zavadenko, N. N. "Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children: Neuroplasticity and Possibilities of Nootropic Pharmacotherapy." Нейрохимия 40, no. 2 (2023): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102781332302022x.

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) are characterized by disturbances of the formation of cognitive functions, communication skills, behavior characteristics and / or motor skills, which are caused by abnormalities in the course of the processes of neuroontogenesis. Factors of the etiology and pathogenesis of NDD include genetic mechanisms, early damage to the developing brain, and adverse external influences. Most forms of NDD manifest themselves in the early stages of development and before the child begins school eduction. The most common NDD, with which medical doctors of various specialtie

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Navarro, Pau, Justyna Meissner, José Luis Mullor, Nuria Caturla, and Jonathan Jones. "Development of a Herb-Based Dietary Ingredient with Potential Nootropic Properties: From Bench to Bedside." Applied Sciences 14, no. 24 (2024): 11869. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411869.

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Cognitive decline is a natural process that occurs during aging. Several natural solutions called nootropics exist that can help mitigate this process. However, in some cases, there is a lack of scientific evidence on their potential mechanisms and efficacy. To this end, a total of nine different herb extracts with potential nootropic activity were evaluated. These herb extracts were tested in human neural stem cell cultures exposed to oxidative stress, where reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, cell survival and trophic factor expression were analyzed. Of these extracts, Salvia officinalis (sage

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Malik, Ruchi, Abhijeet Sangwan, Ruchika Saihgal, Dharam Paul Jindal, and Poonam Piplani. "Towards Better Brain Management: Nootropics." Current Medicinal Chemistry 14, no. 2 (2007): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986707779313408.

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Nakano, T. "Quantitative pharmaco-EEG of nootropics." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (1997): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4694(97)88596-7.

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Kanowski, S. "Debate: Nootropics yes or no!" European Journal of Pharmacology 183, no. 1 (1990): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(90)91341-8.

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Барчук, О. З., Н. М. Максимович, and О. М. Заліська. "Marketing research of the ukrainian pharmaceutical market of medicines for cognitive impairment." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (March 15, 2024): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.2.24.02.

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The war in Ukraine causes people constant nervous tension and stress, as a result, there is an increase in the number of cases of diseases of the nervous system. It has been established that worsening of cognitive impairment is more often diagnosed, so there is a need for proper rational pharmacotherapy. The presence of cognitive impairment occurs in almost 30% of patients with post-COVID syndrome and in 70% of patients in the first 6 months after a stroke. Nootropic drugs are increasingly being used to restore and improve cognitive function. The aim of our research was to study the range of d

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Mondadori, Cesare, Thomas Ducret, and Friedel Petschke. "Blockade of the nootropic action of piracetam-like nootropics by adrenalectomy: an effect of dosage?" Behavioural Brain Research 34, no. 1-2 (1989): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(89)80098-1.

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Eliseeva, E. V., E. S. Maneeva, V. V. Gribova, and D. B. Okun. "The value of information service for the rational use of nootropics in preferential drug provision." Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika, no. 3 (September 27, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-2020-3-93-103.

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The rational prescription of medicines with preferential drugs provision, including nootropics, which are widely used in patients receiving pharmacotherapy under the «Program for Providing Certain Categories of Citizens with Necessary Drugs», is possible only if modern evidence is available.Aim. Conduct information content of the «Database of Clinical Trials of Medicines» for relevant in preferential drugs provision: cerebrolysin there is no international non-proprietary name; piracetam; livestock cortex polypeptides; citicoline and create recommendations on the use of nootropics.Materials and

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Chekman, I. S. "Nootropics in Complex Therapy of Chronic Cerebral Ischemia." Science and innovation 10, no. 4 (2014): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine10.04.056.

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Gouliaev, Alex Haahr, and Alexander Senning. "Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics." Brain Research Reviews 19, no. 2 (1994): 180–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(94)90011-6.

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YAKOVLEVA, LYUDMILA V., and GUZEL N. SHANGAREEVA. "VEGETAL DISBALANCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS IN CHILD ATHLETES AND ITS CORRECTION." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 14, no. 3 (2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2021.14(3).58-62.

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Koshibu, Kyoko. "Nootropics with potential to (re)build neuroarchitecture." Neural Regeneration Research 11, no. 1 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.169635.

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Gamzu, Elkan, Toni M. Hoover, Stephen I. Gracon, and Monica V. Ninteman. "Recent development in 2-pyrrolidinone-containing nootropics." Drug Development Research 18, no. 3 (1989): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddr.430180302.

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A. Nagesh, Bhooshitha, Sneha Desai, Krishna K. Linganna, et al. "MULMINATM REVERSES MEMORY IMPAIRMENT INDUCED BY GABAPENTIN IN PTZ EPILEPTIC MOUSE MODEL AND EXHIBITS SYNERGISTIC ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY." Indian Drugs 60, no. 05 (2023): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.60.05.12969.

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Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures and memory impairment is a common side effect of epileptic treatment. The present study was conceptualized to evaluate the protective effect of the nootropic herbal drink MulminaTM against memory impairment induced by Gabapentin in a pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic mouse model. The antiepileptic and memory impairment activity were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the gabapentin group, whereas the combination of gabapentin + MulminaTM significantly (p<0.05) increased antiepileptic and decrease

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Lengvenytė, A., and R. Strumila. "Do medical students use cognitive enhancers to study? Prevalence and correlates from lithuanian medical students sample." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1041.

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IntroductionUse of prescription psychostimulants and nootropics for non-medical purpose is a growing trend, especially in academic environment. Seeing the risks of neuroenhancement we decided to investigate situation in Lithuania.ObjectiveAnalyze the use of cognitive enhancers among medical students in Lithuania.Aims1. Determine the prevalence of cognitive enhancement. 2. Figure out what drugs are mostly used and reasons for the usage. 3. Evaluate the contributing factors.MethodsA cross-sectional survey study was performed in Vilnius University and Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Stu

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Crespo-Bujosa, Héctor B., and Ramón L. F. Suárez Rodríguez. "Nootropics: Phytochemicals with Neuroprotective and Neurocognitive Enhancing Properties." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 17, no. 3 (2019): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2019.3.9.

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Nakano, Takashi, Kimihiko Asahi, Hiroshi Suwa, et al. "PS-27-8 Quantitative pharmaco-EEG of nootropics." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control 97, no. 4 (1995): S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-980x(95)92986-v.

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NICHOLSON, C. DAVID. "Nootropics and metabolically active compounds in Alzheimer's disease." Biochemical Society Transactions 17, no. 1 (1989): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0170083.

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Stepanov, Igor Igorevich, Irina Vitalevna Gavrilova, Nikolay Andreevich Losev, Nikolai Sergeevich Sapronov, and Petr Dmitrievich Shabanov. "METHODOLOGy OF MEMORy STUDy IN PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF ITS DISORDERS IN ALCOHOLICS SUFFERED FROM TRAUMATIC bRAIN INjURy." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 10, no. 1 (2012): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf10139-46.

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The main goal of the current research was to assess memory impairments via learning curves and its restoration during the process of rehabilitative treatment of alcoholic patients having traumatic brain injury with pharmacological correction. We applied a mathematical model Y = B3*exp(-B2*(X-1))+B4*(1-exp(-B2*(X-1))), where X is the trial number; Y is the number of recalled correct words, B2 is the learning rate, B3 is readiness to learn and B4 is ability to learn. Readiness to learn and ability to learn were significantly below in alcoholic patients in comparison with healthy participants. Tr

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Danilov, V. V., E. V. Eliseeva, V. V. Danilov, I. Yu Vol'nyh, V. V. Danilov, and F. A. Sevryukov. "ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR IMPERATIVE AND MIXED URINARY DISORDERS IN WOMEN WITH THE INTERVAL SCALE." Surgical practice, no. 3 (October 22, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.38181/2223-2427-2021-3-22-30.

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Introduction. The search for effective drug combinations for treating continental disorders in women is still relevant. The interval scale for assessing lower urinary tract symptoms in women is a simple and convenient tool for monitoring pharmacotherapy. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of imperative and mixed urination disorders in women with alpha1-blockers in combination with nootropic drugs using an interval symptom rating scale.Materials and methods. Under observation there were 31 patients aged 40 to 73 years who applied to the Center “Urination Pathology” with mixed

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Pisera, Piotr, Aleksandra Kiełkowicz, Filip Pactwa, et al. "Smart drugs among students – multidimensional view on present ways of cognitive enhancement." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 49, no. 1 (2023): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.49.01.007.

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Background: Nootropic drugs, at the beginning of their career, were used in the treatment of diseases such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease and narcolepsy. Nowadays, they are becoming more and more popular among students, where they are often called smart drugs or cognitive enhancers. Their properties that improve intellectual abilities and cognitive functions are used to, among other things, improve academic performance. Aim of the study: The purpose of this article was to summarize the current state of knowledge relating to the use of smart drugs

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