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1
Research, NOP Market. Share ownership - 1989: A report on a survey carried out by NOP Market Research Limited. London: NOP Market Research, 1989.
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2
Television, Grampian. Viewers choice: Television in North Scotland : extracts from a recent survey conducted by NOP Consumer Market Research for Grampian Television PLC. Aberdeen: Grampian Television, 1996.
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3
Research, NOP Market. A survey among family credit recipients: A report on a survey conducted by NOP Market Research Limited on behalfof the National Audit Office. London: NOP Market Research, 1990.
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4
surveys, GREAT BRITAIN Office of population censuses and. Share ownership - 1987: A report on a survey carried out by NOP Market Research Limited commissioned by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys on behalf of the Treasury and the Stock Exchange. [London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys], 1987.
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5
GREAT BRITAIN. Office of population censuses and surveys. Share ownership - 1988: A report on a survey carried out by NOP Market Research Limited commissioned by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys on behalf of the Treasury and the Stock Exchange. [London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys], 1988.
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6
Mowery, David C. The geographic reach of market and non-market channels of technology transfer: Comparing citations and licenses of university patents. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
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7
Inc, Marktrend Marketing Research. A report of the skier potential from the Alberta non-skier market. [Edmonton]: Alberta Tourism, 1990.
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8
McPhee, Neil. The hidden art of interviewing: The use of NLP and more in market research interviewing. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
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9
Praytor, Frank D. Small marketer's Bible: Basic marketing and advertising intelligence for businesses in non-metro markets. Durango, CO (P.O. Box 2059, Durango 81302): Rocky Market Research, 1989.
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10
Jones, Jim. The Winnipeg Public Library market research survey: An analysis of library users, non-users and staff. [Winnipeg: The Library, 1985.
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11
Billio, Monica, and Simone Varotto. A New World Post COVID-19. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-442-4.
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Pandemics are disruptive events that have profound consequences for society and the economy. This volume aims to present an analysis of the economic impact of COVID-19 and its likely consequences for our future. This is achieved by drawing from the expertise of authors who specialise in a wide range of fields including fiscal and monetary policy, banking, financial markets, pensions and insurance, artificial intelligence and big data, climate change, labour market, travel, tourism and politics, among others. We asked contributing authors to write their chapters for a non-technical audience so that their message could reach beyond academia and professional economists to policy makers and the wider society. The material in this volume draws from the latest research and provides a wealth of ideas for further investigations and opportunities for reflection. This also makes it an ideal learning tool for economics and finance students wishing to gain a deeper understanding of how COVID-19 could influence their disciplines.
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Hvostova, Irina, Aleksey Makarov, and Aleksandr Larin. Non-financial factors in the formation of the company's financial policy: composition, structure, relationships. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1080130.
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When implementing the financial policy of the Corporation, the object of attention of owners and managers is increasingly becoming non-financial indicators of the development of modern companies, such as corporate governance characteristics, socio-economic and environmental indicators. Without denying the need to calculate and analyze financial and economic criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of financial policy, the authors of the monograph describe and systematize the composition and structure of non-financial factors of financial policy, based on the theory of Agency relations and the concept of sustainable development. Along with the theoretical analysis of non-financial factors of financial policy formation, the monograph presents the results of their empirical analysis for emerging markets, as well as an empirical analysis of trends in the use of non-financial indicators in modern corporate Finance research. It is intended for a wide range of readers, including researchers, practitioners, postgraduates, applicants and students studying in the fields of "Economics", "Management".
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Naumov, Vladimir. Markets information and communication technology and sales organization. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21026.
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In the textbook sets out the basic information about the structure of markets, information and communication technologies (ICT), the methods of their research, assessing the attractiveness and forecasting, criteria and methods of segmentation. Deals with the organization of the sales Department of an IT company, involving analysis of organizational forms, population division, methods of remuneration and non-material incentives for experts dealing with sales of ICT products. Sets out the methodology for strategic sales of complex IT solutions, the technique of negotiation and the basics of neurolinguistic programming.
The textbook pays attention to the peculiarities of the sales and promotion of ICT products through the Internet, the possibilities of the use of CRM systems. The principles of the organization of partnerships with clients. This methodical approaches to the assessment of the efficiency of the sales Department of an IT company and its sales staff. Discusses the economic evaluation of the project implementation in selling IT solutions.
The textbook is prepared in accordance with the requirements of Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
Designed for students enrolled in training 38.03.05 "Business-Informatics", but it can be useful to students from other disciplines and practitioners working in the field of information and communication technologies.
14
Great Britain. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. and NOP Market Research, eds. Shares - 1987: A report on a survey carried out by NOP Market Research Limited for Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. [London]: [OPCS?], 1987.
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15
Great Britain. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys., Great Britain Treasury, International Stock Exchange, and NOP Market Research Limited, eds. Share ownership - 1990: A report on a survey carried out by NOP Market Research Limited, commissioned by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys on behalf of the Treasury and the Stock Exchange. [London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys], 1990.
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17
DAVIES, R. E. G. SUPERSONIC NON-SENSE: A CASE STUDY IN APPLIED MARKET RESEARCH. AIRLIFE PUBLISHING LTD, 1999.
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18
Bongini, Paola, Annalisa Ferrando, Emanuele Rossi, and Monica Rossolini. The Capital Markets Union and Firms’ Access to External Market-Based Finance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815815.003.0013.
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Firms’ access to capital markets among Eurozone countries is a challenging issue for the EU Capital Markets Union (CMU) agenda. We contribute to the current debate on the CMU by identifying the characteristics of firms that can be deemed ‘suitable’ for market-based finance. Using survey-based research, we show which firm-specific attributes and country-specific features foster a firm’s likelihood of accessing non-bank sources of finance. Our results reveal that a few Eurozone countries appear to have achieved high access to capital market financing, but there is substantial unexploited potential among firms fit for market-based finance. Our research also indicates that the macro business environment and conditions—such as GDP growth, the degree of development of domestic financial markets, and the quality of the legal and judicial enforcement system—significantly impact firms’ market suitability. Our results therefore can be linked to a number of goals of the CMU Action Plan.
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Fishe, Raymond P. H. High Frequency Trading of Commodities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0023.
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Electronic platforms and high frequency traders (HFTs) have changed the nature of trading. Like equity markets, commodity markets have experienced an influx of algorithmic traders and a decline in “pit” or open outcry trading. Regulatory efforts to understand the effects of HFTs and to offer prudent guidelines or new rules are in their infancy. An overall hesitancy exists because academic studies have produced diverse results on liquidity, volatility, and market quality. This survey focuses on high frequency trading research in commodity derivative markets, documenting basic results and extracting inferences when warranted. Evidence indicates that HFTs act as market makers and their speed advantage has lowered transaction costs, generally during normal markets. Although not entirely conclusive, evidence also suggests that HFTs may exacerbate volatility by withdrawing liquidity in times of market stress, such as during “flash” crashes.
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Non-Alcoholic Concentrated Syrup Market is expected to reach US$ 29.3 Bn by 2023: Credence Research: Non-Alcoholic Concentrated Syrup Market. Serena Peter, 2016.
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21
Carico, Aaron. Black Market. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469655581.001.0001.
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On the eve of the Civil War, the estimated value of the U.S. enslaved population exceeded $3 billion--triple that of investments nationwide in factories, railroads, and banks combined, and worth more even than the South's lucrative farmland. Not only an object to be traded and used, the slave was also a kind of currency, a form of value that anchored the market itself. And this value was not destroyed in the war. Slavery still structured social relations and cultural production in the United States more than a century after it was formally abolished. As Aaron Carico reveals in Black Market, slavery’s engine of capital accumulation was preserved and transformed, and the slave commodity survived emancipation. Through both archival research and lucid readings of literature, art, and law, from the plight of the Fourteenth Amendment to the myth of the cowboy, Carico breaks open the icons of liberalism to expose the shaping influence of slavery's political economy in America after 1865. Ultimately, Black Market shows how a radically incomplete and fundamentally failed abolition enabled the emergence of a modern nation-state, in which slavery still determined--and now goes on to determine--economic, political, and cultural life.
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Callaghan, Helen. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815020.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 introduces the puzzle and research agenda, reviews relevant literature, summarizes the argument, and reflects on the methodology used. Since the early 1980s, governments worldwide have taken a wide range of policy measures to strengthen and expand competition. The financial crisis that erupted in 2008 has not led to a major reversal. This prolonged phase of market liberalization runs counter to influential scholarly predictions that the role of markets would decline. Most doomsayers of marketization ignored mid-range political sources of capitalist dynamism, including endogenous policy feedback. Others focused too narrowly on the political representatives of market contestants, and on the collective action problems that afflict challengers more than incumbents. Process tracing techniques, mechanism-oriented research, and a stronger focus on the rejoicing profiteers can contribute to establishing whether and why market-restraining rules are more prone to undermining their own political support bases than market-enabling rules are.
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Hellman, Samuel. Research. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650551.003.0004.
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Research is an integral part of the author’s academic life. His clinical research began with how best to combine surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy to increase tumor cure. Since these modalities had different mechanisms of action as well as different toxicities and limitations, combining them offered the potential of more effective and less morbid treatments. While he began these studies with Hodgkin and other lymphomas, breast cancer was a major emphasis throughout his career. Lymphoma treatment has improved greatly, resulting in marked increases in cure rates. Breast cancer treatment now is more efficacious, with a significant reduction in the extent of surgery and its resulting functional and aesthetic effects. The author was an active participant in these efforts internationally. With Ralph Weichselbaum’s group he has shown how metastases can be cured early in their evolution.
24
Fischer, Lewis R., ed. The Market for Seamen in the Age of Sail. Liverpool University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9780969588566.001.0001.
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This volume collects eight essays that all attempt to answer two key concerns: did markets for seafarers exist in the age of sail; and, if so, were these markets efficient? The question was initially approach by Charles Kindleberger, who claims a market is efficient if it permits free access for employer and employee, is supply and demand match balance so that wages increase, and that labour must command the same price across the market. The first four focus on the broadly defined early-modern period, and all agree on the existence of the markets but are divided over whether or not they are efficient. The second section asks the same questions of the nineteenth century, and receives similar answers. All of the essays take issue with the definition and application of the term ‘efficiency’ when approaching their conclusions. Each author is considered an expert within their field, and all base their research on the North Atlantic.
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Posner, Eric A. How Antitrust Failed Workers. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197507629.001.0001.
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Antitrust law has very rarely been used by workers to challenge anticompetitive employment practices. Yet recent empirical research shows that labor markets are highly concentrated, and that employers engage in practices that harm competition and suppress wages. These practices include no-poaching agreements, wage-fixing, mergers, covenants not to compete, and misclassification of gig workers as independent contractors. This failure of antitrust to challenge labor-market misbehavior is due to a range of other failures—intellectual, political, moral, and economic. And the impact of this failure has been profound for wage levels, economic growth, and inequality. In light of the recent empirical work, it is urgent for regulators, courts, lawyers, and Congress to redirect antitrust resources to labor market problems. This book offers a strategy for judicial and legislative reform.
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Mixon, Scott. Research Issues in Commodities and Commodity Derivatives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0027.
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Commodity derivatives allow hedgers to smooth wealth across different states of the world and provide a direct link between financial markets and the real economy. This chapter describes recent research related to core concepts for these products: hedging behavior, the provision of liquidity in commodity markets, and the “financialization” debate related to the recent inflow of institutional investments into commodities. Intermediation activity in these markets has evolved in recent years. Modern commodity markets now incorporate extensive intermediation by swap dealers to facilitate over-the-counter swap dealing activity and execute the associated hedging activity linking swap and futures markets. The emergence of highly computerized, automated trading and the trend toward liquidity provision by commercial firms are intermediation issues that require better understanding. The chapter also provides insights into the types of topics faced by researchers who consider policy-related issues.
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Scott, Peter. The Market Makers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783817.001.0001.
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During the twentieth century ‘affluence’ (both at the level of the individual household and society as a whole) became intimately linked with access to a range of prestige consumer durables. This book charts the inter-war origins of a process that would eventually transform these features of modern life from being ‘luxuries’ to ‘necessities’ for most British families. It examines how producers and retailers succeeded in creating mass (though not universal) markets for new suites of furniture, radios, modern housing, and some electrical and gas appliances, while also exploring why some other goods, such as refrigerators, telephones, and automobiles, failed to reach the mass market in Britain before the 1950s. Creating mass markets presented a formidable challenge for manufacturers and retailers. Consumer durables required large markets. Most involved significant research and development costs. Some, such as the telephone, radio, and car, were dependent on complementary investments in infrastructure. All required intensive marketing—usually including expensive advertising in national newspapers and magazines—while some also needed mass production methods (and output volumes) to make them affordable to a mass market. This study charts the pioneering efforts of entrepreneurs (many of whom are now largely forgotten) to provide consumer durables at prices affordable to a mass market and to persuade a sometimes reluctant public to embrace the new products and the consumer credit that their purchase required. The author shows that, contrary to much received wisdom, there was a ‘consumer durables revolution’ in inter-war Britain—at least for certain highly prioritized goods.
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Mishra, Ajit, and Tridip Ray, eds. Markets, Governance, and Institutions in the Process of Economic Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812555.001.0001.
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This book, in honour of Kaushik Basu, celebrates his contributions over the last four decades. It contains contributions by his present and past collaborators, and research students. Not only has Basu worked on several deeper abstract issues in welfare analysis and decision making, he has also addressed, both as a researcher and as a policy advisor, several policy issues such as rent control, child labour, labour laws, harassment, shared prosperity, and gender empowerment. The contributions from authors in this volume, theoretical as well as empirical, reflect this range of issues in the broader context of interactions between markets, governance, and institutions in the process of economic development. The broader roles of markets as key resource allocation mechanisms cannot be disputed. But they need suitable governance structures and institutions, working both as facilitators and as regulators. The book looks at the complex interactions between these three forces of development. The book has three parts. In Part I, contributors look at various foundational and measurement issues associated with economic development and well-being. Part II deals with the functioning (and non-functioning) of markets in the context of development, showing how we may need to move beyond the market. In Part III, the final part, contributors look at various issues related to governance and institutions in terms of their overall structure and specific designs.
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Marlo, Michael R. Contributions of Micro-comparative Research to Language Documentation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0014.
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This chapter discusses the symbiotic relationship of linguistic description and comparative research. Linguistic typology relies on detailed studies of individual languages, and grammatical description of endangered and non-endangered languages benefits from prior and concurrent study of closely related languages and the identification of parameters of similarity and difference. This view is supported by discussion of phenomena in Bantu languages, including tone and reduplication with considerable micro-parametric variation, particularly involving object markers. Two case studies are presented: (i) exceptional tonal properties of the first person singular object prefix N- and the reflexive marker di-i- in Yao, and (ii) exceptional patterns of reduplication involving /i/-initial verbs in Buguumbe Kuria which suggest a connection with the reflexive. Knowledge of analogous patterns in other languages informs the description and analysis of each language, and each case expands knowledge of the typology of patterns of exceptional object marking in Bantu languages, aiding future description of other languages.
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Kuenzler, Adrian. Fashioning Consumer Cognitive Capability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698577.003.0005.
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This chapter moves beyond the existing contradictions in the accepted market regulatory approach to demonstrate that markets should often be seen in terms of their ability to yield cognitive capability. Particularly, the cognitive psychological research convincingly shows that there is room for manipulation of consumer preferences by product manufacturers and sellers, which may have adverse effects on consumer sovereignty and the establishment of market equilibria based on what consumers value, because exogenous consumer preferences no longer interact with technologies and initial endowments to generate corresponding equilibrium prices and production levels. Based on insights gained by Friedrich August von Hayek about the workings of the competitive process, this chapter reconceptualizes the notion of consumer sovereignty and explains how an increased promotion of intratype competition can help consumers to arrive at less biased decisions.
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Mirowski, Philip, and Edward Nik-Khah. The Knowledge We Have Lost in Information. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190270056.001.0001.
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In contrast with conventional histories of “economic rationality,” in this book we propose that the history of modern microeconomics is better organized as the treatment of information in postwar economics. Beginning with a brief primer on the nature of information, we then explore how economists first managed their rendezvous with it, tracing its origins to the Neoliberal Thought Collective and Friedrich Hayek. The response to this perceived threat was mounted by the orthodoxy at the Cowles Commission, leading to at least three distinct model strategies. But the logic of the models led to multiply cognitively challenged agents, which then logically led to a stress on markets to rectify those weaknesses. Unwittingly, the multiple conceptions of agency led to multiple types of markets; and the response of the orthodoxy was to shift research away from previous Walrasian themes to what has become known as market design. But internal contradictions in the market design programs led to a startling conclusion: just like their agents, the orthodox economists turned out to be not as smart as they had thought. A little information had turned out to be a dangerous thing.
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Lugo, Stefano, and Fabio Bertoni. The Use of Debt by Sovereign Wealth Funds. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.6.
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This chapter documents the use of debt capital by sovereign wealth funds (SWFs)—a growing and under-researched phenomenon. Three reasons are given for this. First: debt can help SWFs reach their target portfolio size. (Some do not receive regular inflows from their governments to increase their assets under management (AUM). Second: the development of capital markets is a key objective for most of the countries that have created an SWF, and debt may be especially useful for the development of the bond market. SWF bonds are quasi-governmental securities that can be used as collateral and create a reference yield curve. Third: the use of debt capital is particularly appropriate for portfolio SWFs investing in concentrated portfolios of selected companies for strategic and financial reasons. SWFs are more likely to use debt when they are non-commodity-based, come from countries with relatively less developed bond markets, and have a strategic investment style.
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Hammond & Kell Ltd Cook. The ISBA map and manual of non-overlap TV areas for marketing sales and market research: 1986 : [United Kingdom]. Incorporated Society of British Advertisers Ltd, 1986.
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34
Nelson, Rebecca, and Richard Coe. Agroecological Intensification of Smallholder Farming. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.006.
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The smallholder farmers who cultivate many of the planet’s diverse production systems are faced with numerous challenges, including poverty, shrinking farm sizes, degrading natural resources, and climate variability and change. Efforts to improve the performance of smallholder farming systems focus on improving access to input and output markets, improving farm resource use efficiency, and improving resources invested in smallholder farming. In order to support market-oriented production and self-provisioning, there is a need for greater focus on agroecological intensification (AEI) of smallholder production systems. This chapter provides an overview of some of the research frontiers supporting AEI. Market-oriented and agroecological approaches may or may not conflict, and more effort should be made to ensure that they are mutually reinforcing. To be reliable, value chains must be founded on sound production ecology. Agroecological options may be limited if farmers cannot participate in markets that support investment in the intensification and diversification of these systems. Because options must be adapted to farmers’ heterogeneous and dynamic contexts, successful AEI will require that specifics be optimized locally. Researchers must therefore understand and communicate relevant agroecological principles, and farmers and intermediaries must develop their capacity to adapt the principles to local needs and realities.
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Mazor, Joseph, and Peter Vallentyne. Libertarianism, Left and Right. Edited by Serena Olsaretti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199645121.013.3.
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This chapter explores the libertarian account of distributive justice. It explains the self-ownership thesis and then considers criticisms relating to indeterminacy, small incursions, and enforceable duties of assistance. It then turns to questions relating to natural resources, including whether they are initially owned, the conditions under which they may be appropriated, and the right vs left libertarian debate over whether or not they should ultimately be owned in an egalitarian manner. The chapter then lays out the libertarian account of just economic activity and considers criticisms based on the role of luck, the moral limits of markets, discrimination, paternalism, unjust prices, alternative notions of freedom, the plight of the desperately poor, and market failures. The chapter then concludes by raising important topics for future research, including the moral status of minors, future people, global justice, property rights in non-divisible natural resources, and rectificatory justice.
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Wan, Guanghua, and Ming Lu, eds. Cities of Dragons and Elephants. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829225.001.0001.
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This book offers a systematic and comparative study on urbanization and urban development in China and India. Contributed by a team of top experts from China and India, it contains original research papers that have not been published. The study aims at addressing two most fundamental issues of urbanization: why and where to urbanize. The first issue relates to the speed and scale of urbanization and the second issue relates to urban systems or spatial distribution of urbanites in different-sized cities. To answer these two questions, the book examines various drivers and compares the benefits and costs of urbanization from different perspectives, paying particular attention to the roles of markets, government and the society. This book presents evidence-based policy suggestions regarding labor market, land and housing market, FDI and capital market, education, environment, poverty and inequality, etc. The main conclusion from this study is: Asian countries like China and India will experience an urbanization path led by mega-cities. What the government can do is to improve liveability within cities and equalize life quality across cities. Given the similarities and differences of these two giants, it is anticipated that findings, conclusions and implications from this comparative analysis will be useful to other governments, institutions as well as researchers in Asia and beyond.
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Benstead, Lindsay J. Survey Research in the Arab World. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.14.
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Since the first surveys were conducted there in the late 1980s, survey research has expanded rapidly in the Arab world. Almost every country in the region is now included in the Arab Barometer, Afrobarometer, or World Values Survey. Moreover, the Arab spring marked a watershed, with the inclusion of Tunisia and Libya and addition of many topics, such as voting behavior, that were previously considered too sensitive. As a result, political scientists have dozens of largely untapped data sets to answer theoretical and policy questions. To make progress toward measuring and reducing total survey error, discussion is needed about quality issues, such as high rates of missingness and sampling challenges. Ongoing attention to ethics is also critical. This chapter discusses these developments and frames a substantive and methodological research agenda for improving data quality and survey practice in the Arab world.
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Putnam, Kyle J. Financialization of Commodity Markets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0025.
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In the early 2000s, financial investors began pouring billions of dollars into the commodity futures markets seeking the unique investment benefits of this distinct asset class. This “financialization” process has called into question the fundamental risk and return properties of commodity futures as evidence has emerged favoring the idea that the massive increase in investor flows caused a rise in futures prices, volatility, and intra- and intermarket return correlations. However, a contrarian line of research contends that the effects of the new “speculative” capital on the futures markets are unsubstantiated and the increased participation of financial investors poses little consequence to the economics of the marketplace. This latter line of literature maintains that the investment benefits of commodity futures have not been diminished and that fundamental factors and business cycle variations can explain the observed changes in commodity price behavior.
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Brůha, Jan, and Oxana Babecká Kucharčuková. Growth, Unemployment, and Wages in EU Countries since the Great Recession. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821878.003.0004.
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In this chapter, we contribute to the research investigating how institutions and regulations affect the resilience of countries to adverse macroeconomic shocks. To do this, we apply a hierarchical non-parametric curve fitting model to compare economic growth and labour market developments in EU countries since the beginning of the Great Recession. Using the model, we identify four latent classes that represent distinct patterns of the labour market and economic developments. We present evidence that countries in the different classes systematically differ by labour market regulation and quality of institutions. This demonstrates the relevance of institutions and regulation for economies’ resilience to shocks.
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Tussie, Diana. Bringing Power and Markets In. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826873.003.0012.
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This commentary argues for greater attention to issues of power and markets as research on global governance legitimacy advances. The topic of legitimacy in global governance is ethically and politically urgent to explore because of serious challenges from within and without the current institutional order. This commentary calls for more attention to two specific issues: geopolitical change and markets. First, in times of geopolitical transition, the sources of legitimacy are themselves points of contestation. Power transitions expose the limits of the liberal order and intimate a return of geopolitics with implications for the perceptions of legitimate global governance. Second, the role of markets has been neglected in scholarship on global governance legitimacy. This legitimacy is fragile partly because private interests have dominated the representation of public interests in decision making. The legitimacy of global governance institutions requires that domestic governance is not undermined by international markets.
41
Hart, Robert A. Trends in Non-Wage Labour Costs and Their Effects on Employment: Final Report (Programme for research and actions on the development of the labour market). European Communities, 1988.
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42
Kusumawardhani, Niken, Rezanti Pramana, Nurmala Saputri, and Daniel Suryadarma. Heterogeneous impact of internet availability on female labour market outcomes in an emerging economy: Evidence from Indonesia. 49th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/987-7.
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Greater female labour market participation has important positive implications not only for women’s empowerment and the well-being of their families but also for the economy they live in. In this paper, we examine the various effects of internet availability on women’s labour market outcomes in Indonesia. As each worker subgroup tends to respond differently to changes in technology, examining the heterogeneity in the impact of internet availability on female labour market outcomes is central to our research. By constructing a district-level longitudinal dataset covering the period 2007–18, we find that internet availability has only a small significant effect on the female labour force participation rate and no statistically significant effect on the employment rate. However, internet availability increases the probability of women having a full-time job, especially for women aged 15–45 and those with a low level of education. Our study shows that internet availability does not always bring favourable labour market outcomes for women. We find that internet availability lowers the probability of women with a low level of education working in a high-skilled job and in the formal sector. Our results are robust to several robustness checks. Analysis of our qualitative interviews with a subsample of recent mothers supports the conclusion that the ability to be prepared for and attain flexible working conditions are two important values provided by the internet. We argue that a women-friendly working environment and adequate IT infrastructure are crucial elements in maximizing the role of the internet in helping women to achieve more favourable labour market outcomes.
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Sugden, Robert. The Community of Advantage. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825142.001.0001.
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Normative analysis in economics has usually aimed at satisfying individuals’ preferences. Its conclusions have supported a long-standing liberal tradition of economics that values economic freedom and views markets favourably. However, behavioural research shows that individuals’ preferences, as revealed in choices, are often unstable, and vary according to contextual factors that seem irrelevant for welfare. The Community of Advantage proposes a reformulation of normative economics that is compatible with what is now known about the psychology of choice. Other such reformulations have assumed that people have well-defined ‘latent’ preferences which, because of psychologically-induced errors, are not always revealed in actual choices. According to these reformulations, the economist’s job is to reconstruct latent preferences and to design policies to satisfy them. The argument of this book is that latent preference and error are psychologically ungrounded concepts, and that economics needs to be more radical in giving up rationality assumptions. The book advocates a kind of normative economics that does not use the concept of preference. Its recommendations are addressed, not to an imagined ‘social planner’, but to citizens, viewed as potential parties to mutually beneficial agreements. Its normative criterion is the provision of opportunities for individuals to participate in voluntary transactions. Using this approach, many of the normative conclusions of the liberal tradition are reconstructed. It is argued that a well-functioning market economy is an institution that individuals have reason to value, whether or not their preferences satisfy conventional axioms of rationality, and that individuals’ motivations in such an economy can be cooperative rather than self-interested.
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Richardson, Martin. Journals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574797.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
Oxford University Press, although it had for many years published a select collection of scholarly journals, did not seriously enter the journals market until the 1980s, for intense competition, unfamiliar editorial and production practices, and complicated distribution methods had impeded growth. From the 1960s developments in scientific research and reporting led to an expanded journals market in the sciences; by publishing journals OUP could fulfil the requirement of the Waldock Report to increase its science publication. Journal publication also offered a different business model with positive cash flow and opportunities to develop ties with academic faculties and learned societies. By 2004 the journals market was the fastest growing sector of the publishing industry, benefiting from internet distribution, price increases, and the increasing demand that academics publish regularly. The chapter considers the growth of the OUP journals list, the profitability of its titles, and the range of academic subjects covered.
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Leonard, Pauline, and Rachel J. Wilde. Getting In and Getting On in the Youth Labour Market. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529202298.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This timely book provides a thorough analysis of contemporary youth employment entry route schemes in the U.K.Drawing on a Post-Foucauldian approach, the book providesa critical interrogation of the policy contexts governing a range of youth employment training schemes in four diverse regional economies within England and Scotland, including employability training, enterprise training, internships and volunteering. Supplemented with new ethnographic case study research conducted by the authors, the book’s chaptersexplore each training scheme in turn through the eyes of regional policy makers, trainers, work experience providers and young people. The authors demonstrate how neoliberal beliefs and practices, such as individualisation, responsibilisation, flexibility and resilience to risk are thoroughly implicated in youth employment policy and training practice. The book also makes obvious how the constraints faced by, and opportunities permitted to, different young people are shaped by the broad and complex interplay of national and regional historical events, economic processes and social structures.These function not only to reproduce but often to further retrench social inequalities, positions of liminality and vulnerability to risk for young people trying to get in and get on in good quality work across the different regional economies of the U.K.
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Strain, James J., Patricia Casey, and Peter Tyrer. Diagnostic Dilemmas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603342.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter describes the universal problems with the issue of diagnosis for the psychiatric disorders. Taxonomies, DSM-5 and ICD-10, ICD-11, are symptom driven with no biological markers. This is in contrast to medical disorders which years ago began to derive their diagnoses on the basis of mechanisms of action, and guided diagnosis where it could be done by biological markers. This means in psychiatry there are not “zones of rarity” between diagnoses and there is considerable symptom overlap among the diagnosis. Research attempts to improve this condition are explored: (1) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and (2) genetic studies. The concept that depression is a systemic disorder and not just a mental disorder is enhanced with our increasing understanding of the biology underlying the disorder and its effects on the body.
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Bendix, Regina F., Kilian Bizer, and Dorothy Noyes. The Interdisciplinary Project as Social Form. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040894.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the rise and the challenges of the funded interdisciplinary project as a format for research. A range of internal and external causes account for this rise: the complexity of urgent social problems, disciplinary self-critiques, university resource constraints, the influence of neoliberal formats, and public pressure for accountability in research expenditures. Still, the very conditions that facilitate the inauguration of interdisciplinary ventures impede their success in practice. The chapter reviews the interpersonal, intellectual, professional, and institutional sources of team conflict and project dysfunction. It argues for a pragmatic approach of ongoing reflexive attention to social process within the research group, seeking not to overcome but to take account of the inevitable market logics, political agendas, and epistemological compromises.
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Paarlberg, Robert. Food Politics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199322398.001.0001.
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The politics of food is changing fast. In rich countries, obesity is now a more serious problem than hunger. Consumers once satisfied with cheap and convenient food now want food that is also safe, nutritious, fresh, and grown by local farmers using fewer chemicals. Heavily subsidized and underregulated commercial farmers are facing stronger push back from environmentalists and consumer activists, and food companies are under the microscope. Meanwhile, agricultural success in Asia has spurred income growth and dietary enrichment, but agricultural failure in Africa has left one-third of all citizens undernourished - and the international markets that link these diverse regions together are subject to sudden disruption. The second edition of Food Politics has been thoroughly updated to reflect the latest developments and research on today's global food landscape, including biofuels, the international food market, food aid, obesity, food retailing, urban agriculture, and food safety. The second edition also features an expanded discussion of the links between water, climate change, and food, as well as farming and the environment. New chapters look at livestock, meat and fish and the future of food politics. Paarlberg's book challenges myths and critiques more than a few of today's fashionable beliefs about farming and food. For those ready to have their thinking about food politics informed and also challenged, this is the book to read.
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Pepinsky, Thomas B., R. William Liddle, and Saiful Mujani. Piety and Public Opinion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697808.001.0001.
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Across the Muslim world, religion plays an increasingly prominent role in both the private and public lives of over a billion people. Observers struggle to understand the consequences of this Islamic resurgence. Will democratic political participation by an increasingly religious population lead to victories by Islamists at the ballot box? Will more conspicuously pious Muslims participate in politics and markets in a fundamentally different way than they had previously? Will a renewed attention to Islam lead Muslim democracies to turn away from alignments with the West and toward an Islamic civilizational identity? Piety and Public Opinion presents a fresh new perspective on these issues, based on the simple fact that the answers to these questions depend on what ordinary Muslims think and do. In contrast to most research on Islam and politics which focuses narrowly on the Middle East or the Arab world, it argues that Indonesia—the world’s largest Muslim majority country, with a thriving democratic government, an emerging middle-income economy, and flourishing Islamist movement—is an ideal context to study how politics, markets, globalization, and Islamic revivalism interact. Leveraging original data and cutting-edge methods, the authors find no evidence that pious Muslims are more or less democratic, more or less market-oriented, or more or less cosmopolitan than their less pious peers. Against the common assumption that piety would naturally inhibit any tendencies toward modernity, democracy, or cosmopolitanism, Piety and Public Opinion reveals the complex and subtle links between religion and political beliefs in an important Muslim democracy.
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Schweitzer, Stuart O., and Z. John Lu. The Pharmaceutical Industry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623784.003.0002.
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Understanding the pharmaceutical industry is a complex mission, requiring a thorough understanding not only of the firms that produce drugs but also of the decision-making process involved in drug selection for patients, the role of insurance and other third-party payers, and the substantial role of government in monitoring and regulating many aspects of the marketplace for pharmaceuticals. This chapter provides an overview of the pharmaceutical industry, including the market structure, the stages of research and development (R&D) and the associated costs, the role of government regulation in R&D and approval, and the role of product liability in the research process. It notes the important distinction between basic research and applied research, and explains the roles of the private and public sectors in each. The chapter ends with a discussion of the development of pharmaceuticals for poor countries.