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Journal articles on the topic "Normal dimensions of spleen"
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Elrahim, E. Abd. "Estimation of normal spleen dimensions Using Ultra Sound." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 9, no. 1 (2021): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i01.026.
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Thapa, N. B., S. Shah, A. Pradhan, K. Rijal, A. Pradhan, and S. Basnet. "Sonographic Assessment of the Normal Dimensions of Liver, Spleen, and Kidney in Healthy Children at Tertiary Care Hospital." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 13, no. 4 (2017): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v13i4.16825.
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Background Ultrasonography is one of the most common imaging modality to measure dimensions of visceral organs in children. However, the normal limit of size of visceral organs according to age and body habitus has not been specified in the standard textbooks. This might result in under detection of organomegaly in pediatrics population.Objective The objective of this study was to determine the normal range of dimensions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in healthy children.Method This is prospective cross-sectional, hospital-based study done at Tertiary-care teaching hospital. Participants included 272 pediatric subjects (152 male and 120 female) with normal physical or sonographic findings who were examined because of problems unrelated to the measured organs. The subjects were one month to 15 year (180 months) old. All measured organs were sonographically normal. Relationships of the dimensions of these organs with sex, age, body weight and height were investigated. Limits of normal dimensions of these organs were defined.Result Normal length of liver, kidneys and spleen were obtained sonographically for 272 children (152 male [55.9%] and 120 female [44.1%]) in the age group from 1 months to 15 (180 months) years. The mean age was 45.78 months (SD, 44.73). The measured dimensions of all these organs showed highest correlation with height and age so the descriptive analysis of the organ dimensions (mean, minimum, and maximum values, SD and 5th and 95th percentiles) were expressed in 10 age groups along with height range of the included children. The mean length of right kidney was shorter than the left kidney length, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001).Conclusion This study provides practical and comprehensive guide to the normal visceral organ dimension in pediatric population. The normal range limit of the liver, spleen, and kidney determined in this study could be used as a reference in daily practice in local radiology clinics.
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Musleh, Anas Hamed, Atyaf Mohammed Ali, and Mahdi Salih Shalal. "Anatomical and Histological Study of Neonatal Human Spleen." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 4 (2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.4.nq22094.
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The spleen is the human body's largest lymphoid organ. The appearance of the spleen is inflated by a variety of conditions, such as cell abnormalities that lodge within the spleen or storage function disorders. As a result, the spleen's size can be used as a predictor of illness severity. Place and period of study: From July 2019 to May 2020, all of these samples were taken from autopsied bodies in the mortuary room of Kirkuk forensic medicine and the institute of forensic medicine in Baghdad, with legal authority. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Materials: The current study used 20 autopsy neonate human spleens ranging in age from 1 to 28 days that were collected from available dead undergoing post-mortem examination, were studied macroscopic and microscopic after staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results: The number of notches in this study ranged from zero to five, however the top score of the specimens had one or two notches. The accessory spleen, on the other hand, was not found in the area the spleen's hilum. From the first day forward, the characteristic lymphoid follicle or white pulp could be recognized. During this time, nucleated red blood cells were observed. Purpose of study: Because no data on the standard dimensions of the normal spleen exists in the Iraqi population, the findings of this study may reveal differences in spleen morphology and provide valuable data for parameter standardization, It will be useful for correct clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease by physicians, surgeons, radiologists, and anatomists.
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Huang, Ying, Yumei Zheng, Cuncheng Zhang, and Shigen Zhong. "Ultrasound Assessment of the Relevance of Liver, Spleen, and Kidney Dimensions with Body Parameters in Adolescents." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (July 4, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9150803.
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Objective. Ultrasound is a practical imaging modality for screening and identification of anomalies in the organs. This study used ultrasonography to examine the association between body parameters and dimensions of the normal liver, spleen, and kidney in adolescents based on ultrasound examination results. Methods. A total of 300 junior and senior high school teenagers receiving routine health check-ups in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were included. Their height and weight were measured, and their body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Ultrasound imaging was employed to obtain information such as the length and volume of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, and kidney. Besides, the correlation of body parameters such as gender, age, height, weight, BSA, and BMI with visceral dimension was investigated using the Pearson test and multiple regression analysis, respectively. Results. We observed that the abdominal organs of adolescents were enlarged with age. The span and volume of the liver and the length and volume of the right kidney were significantly larger in boys than in girls. The age, BSA, and BMI were positively correlated with the liver span and spleen length, as well as the left and right kidney lengths. Additionally, age, BSA, and BMI were identified as important predictors for dimensions of the spleen, liver, and kidney. Conclusions. Body parameters are notably associated with the dimensions of the liver, spleen, and kidney and could be utilized as predicting factors for the liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions.
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Stiff, P. J., K. S. Hansen, L. Dreiling, M. Guo, and A. S. Artz. "Exploratory analysis describing ultrasonic (US) evaluation of spleen size during peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) mobilization by filgrastim in normal donors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 7102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7102.
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7102 Background: Filgrastim is used to mobilize CD34+ cells into the peripheral blood that are collected by apheresis for allogeneic transplantation. We prospectively evaluated spleen size during PBPC mobilization Methods: Donors ≥18 yrs eligible to be PBPC donors per institutional guidelines enrolled. Splenic assessments were done before, during, and after PBPC mobilization. Filgrastim dose and schedule and leukapheresis (LK) procedures were per local practice. Spleen size by US was measured in 3 dimensions: longitudinal (craniocaudal), transverse, and diagonal (perpendicular to transverse). Splenic volume was estimated by taking the cross-product of 3 dimensions and multiplying by 0.52, approximating an ellipse volume. Stiff (ASH 2007) reported the primary endpoint, fold change from baseline in splenic volume during mobilization. Exploratory analyses, including a linear regression evaluating the effect of age and baseline spleen size on fold-change, were performed. Results: 309 enrolled, median age 44yrs, 56% male. Median fold volume change from baseline to first LK was 1.47, resolving to near baseline 1 week after last LK. No significant clinical sequelae, including splenic rupture, were reported. Older donors appeared to have the smallest baseline spleen volume and the largest fold change (table). Linear regression analyses indicated age was a significant predictor for both baseline spleen volume (p=0.0031) and spleen volume fold change from baseline at first LK (p=0.0499). Conclusions: During mobilization, spleen volume transiently increased from baseline to day of 1st LK and returned to near baseline 1 week after last LK. Older donors tended to have smaller baseline splenic volume and greater fold changes in spleen size. Preclinical models suggest decreasing hematopoietic stem cell homing after mobilization with aging (Morrison 1996; Wagers 2002), which could result in splenic accumulation of progenitor and stem cells. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Мekić, Nina, Nermin Salkić, Amela Selimović, et al. "Ultrasonographic parameters of the liver, spleen and kidney in a healthy paediatric population in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a prospective study." Medicinski Glasnik 21, no. 2 (2024): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17392/1765-21-02.
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<p><strong>Aim </strong>To determine the normative range of ultrasound dimensions for the liver, spleen and kidneys in healthy children according to gender, age, body measurements, body surface area (BSA), and the influence of ethnicity on organ size.<br /><strong>Methods </strong>The prospective study included children, ranging from full-term neonates to children aged 15, with normal ultrasonographic (US) findings of the liver, spleen and kidney and no clinical evidence of a disease. Gender, age, as well as body measurements and BSA, were determined for each child along with US measurements, and normative ranges were established. <br /><strong>Results </strong>US images of the liver and spleen from 372 children and 366 US images of kidneys of 366 children were included. US measurements of the liver, spleen and kidney correlated well with gender, age, body weight and height, and often differed to a greater or lesser extent from the normal range of measurements (5th to 95th percentile) reported in other studies.<br /><strong>Conclusion </strong>Our results differed slightly from other reports conducted in Europe, but larger differences compared to measurements performed on children on other continents were found. Thus, our study confirmed that ethnically appropriate and modern tables of normal ultra-sound dimensions for the liver, spleen and kidneys should be used, and that the national nomogram is justified.</p>
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Qumrul Ahasan, Md, Tanvir Kabir Chowdhury, Durdana Sadab, Tasmiah Tahera Aziz, and Tahmina Banu. "Nomograms of Liver, Spleen and Kidney Dimensions Based on Ultrasonographic Measurements." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 22, no. 2 (2024): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v22i2.77677.
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Background: For Liver, spleen and kidney measurement, available data are not always representative for all population. This study was aimed to find out the normal measurement of kidney, liver, spleen using ultrasonography at Chattogram, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: Among a total of 3699 subjects (Male: Female 1.4:1; median age 35 years) without any liver, splenic or renal diseases ultrasonographic images of these organs were from 2780, 1596, and 2780 individuals respectively. Measurements were taken for liver length, splenic length and breadth and renal length, breadth and cortical thickness. Results: The average liver length in neonates and infants were 5.2 and 6.5 cm in females and 5.7 and 6.6 cm in males. After 20 years of age, average liver sizes ranged from 11.1 to 11.6 cm. The average spleen length in neonates and infants were 3.5 and 5.6 cm in females and 5.7 and 6.4 cm in males. After 20 years of age, it ranged from 8.2 to 9.0 cm. The average renal length in neonates and infants were 4.2 and 5.3 cm for right kidney and 4.3 and 5.5 cm for left kidney in females. In male neonates and infants were 4.9 and 5.3 cm for right kidney and 4.8 and 5.6 cm for left kidney. After 20 years of age, it ranged from 9.0 to 9.7 cm for right kidney and from 9.6 to 10.2 cm for left kidney. Conclusion: These values may be used as reference for normal liver, spleen and kidney dimensions for populations of Chattogram, Bangladesh. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (2); July 2023; Page 36-41
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Stiff, Patrick J., William Bensinger, Muneer H. Abidi, et al. "Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Spleen Size during Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell (PBPC) Mobilization by Filgrastim: Results of an Open-Label Trial in Normal Donors." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.477.477.
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Abstract Introduction: Filgrastim is widely used for mobilizing CD34+ cells into the peripheral blood that are easily collected by apheresis for allogeneic transplantation. With case reports documenting splenomegaly with life-threatening complications in normal donors, we prospectively evaluated spleen size using ultrasonography and clinical examination during PBPC mobilization and collection in a single-arm trial. Methods: Subjects ≥18 yrs eligible to be PBPC donors per institutional guidelines enrolled. Splenic assessments were done before, during, and after PBPC mobilization. Filgrastim dose and schedule and leukapheresis (LK) procedures were per institutional practice. The primary endpoint was fold change from baseline in splenic volume in post-baseline measurements during mobilization (measured by ultrasound [US]). Spleen size by US was measured in 3 dimensions similarly by all centers: longitudinal (craniocaudal), transverse, and diagonal (perpendicular to transverse in transverse image) diameters. Splenic volume was estimated by taking the cross-product of 3 dimensions and multiplying by 0.52, approximating the volume of an ellipse. Physical examination was performed on US days, assessing spleen palpability. US and palpation results were blinded from each other at assessment times. Timepoints included baseline (before first filgrastim dose), first LK (done before LK, typically day 4 or 5 of filgrastim), 2 and 4 days after first LK, and 7 days after last LK. Timepoints in the post-amendment cohort (n=219) were reduced to facilitate enrollment and were baseline and day of first LK (before LK). Results: 309 donors enrolled, median age 44yrs (range 18 to 74), 56% male. Mean daily filgrastim dose was 11.4mcg/kg (SD=3.0). Median number of LK was 1.5 (range 1 to 4). In all donors, the median increase in each measured dimension on first LK day was 1.4cm, 1.4cm, and 0.6cm (12.8%, 12.6%, and 15.0%), and the median fold volume increase from baseline to first LK was 1.47, resolving to near baseline 1 week after last LK. There was no apparent relationship between volume fold change and filgrastim dose, ANC, or CD34+ yield. Of 861 splenic palpation assessments reported in all donors, 98% were reported as nonpalpable (842 assessments), and 2% were palpable (19 assessments, 2 at baseline). Reporting of palpable spleens did not correlate with increased spleen size. Tenderness or guarding upon splenic palpation was reported in 2 donors with a spleen considered palpable and in 6 donors with nonpalpable spleens. No donor experienced a splenic rupture. Adverse events related to filgrastim were generally mild to moderate. Conclusion: During PBPC mobilization with filgrastim in normal donors, the spleen increased a median of approximately 50% from baseline to day of first LK and returned to near baseline 1 week after last LK. Size change was not associated with significant clinical sequelae. Timepoint Median fold change from baseline in splenic volume (Q1, Q3) *statistically significant (p<0.05); Q1=1st quartile, Q3=3rd quartile First LK (n=304) 1.47* (1.27, 1.68) Day 2 after first LK (n=88) 1.41* (1.21, 1.61) Day 4 after first LK (n=86) 1.19* (1.10, 1.38) Day 7 after last LK (n=89) 1.08* (0.96, 1.21)
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Konuş, O. L., A. Ozdemir, A. Akkaya, G. Erbaş, H. Celik, and S. Işik. "Normal liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants, and children: evaluation with sonography." American Journal of Roentgenology 171, no. 6 (1998): 1693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.171.6.9843315.
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Parijat, Mukherjee, Das Sayantan, Khalkho Anupam, and Kumar Avinash. "A Study of Anatomical Dimensions of Spleen in Population of Eastern Bihar: A Sonological Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 7 (2023): 1126–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11682021.
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<strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> Accurate knowledge of normal splenic dimensions is important for diagnosing clinical conditions associated with altered spleen size. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted with the aim to determine normal splenic measurements in the Eastern Bihar population and to compare them with body parameters such as height, weight, age and sex. <strong>Methods:</strong> 78 females and 32 male adult participants underwent abdominal ultrasound in Kishanganj, Bihar, India. Participants were taken after they met with inclusion criteria and gave informed consent for the study. The splenic length, breadth and thickness were measured, and their height, weight and age were also recorded. The analysis was done using SPSS version 26. <strong>Results</strong><strong>:</strong> The study included 110 subjects (78 females, 32 males). Average splenic dimensions were: length 97.05 mm, breadth 60.50 mm, thickness 34.82 mm, volume 111.53 cm<sup>3</sup>. No significant differences were found between males and females. A negative correlation with age with splenic parameters except thickness was also found. No significant correlation was found between splenic parameters with other body parameters such as height or weight. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study indicated no significant correlation of splenic parameters with height and weight, and indicated difference between male and female splenic parameters to be insignificant. This might reflect the population variations found in other studies. The findings emphasize the need for population-specific reference ranges and suggest a potential age-associated shrinkage effect on splenic dimensions. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Normal dimensions of spleen"
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Carstens, Ann. "Radiological tracheal dimensions of the normal Thoroughbred horse." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30220.
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Respiratory conditions causing poor performance in horses are usually as result of upper respiratory tract diseases or are of pulmonary origin. The tracheal is rarely a cause of primary respiratory problems in the horse, but tracheal dimensions, particularly height, may be useful in evaluating upper repiratory tract conditions cranial to the trachea and lung pathology, due to resultant change in differential pressures between these areas. The normal radiological equine tracheal height along its length has as yet not been reported. Standing lateral radiographs of the cervical and thoracic trachea of 15 clinically normal sedated Thoroughbred horses, 3-6 years old, were made at peak inspiration and end expiration. Maximum height of the larynx, and trachea at the level of the third and fifth cervical vertebra, at the level of the first thoracic vertebra, carina and the left and right primary bronchi were measured. Ratios of laryngeal height relative to the third cervical vertebral body length and tracheal heights relative to the vertebral body lengths of adjacent third and fifth cervical vertebrae and first thoracic vertebra, and carina heights relative to a mid-thoracic vertebra, respectively were made, as well as tracheal height at the fist thoracic vertebra ratio with the thoracic inlet height. Known size metallic markers were used to determine magnification corrected tracheal heights in the sagittal plane and effect of body mass and height at the withers on tracheal height was determined. The magnification corrected radiological airway heights at end expiration and peak inspiration were measured and respectively the mean values were found to be: laryngeal height: 5.89 cm and 5.86 cm, tracheal height at the third cervical vertebra: 4.17 cm and 4.04 cm, tracheal height at the fifth cervical vertebra: 3.62 cm and 3.59 cm, tracheal height at the first thoracic vertebra: 3.4 cm and 3.23 cm and carina height: 3.85 cm and 4.12 cm. The ratios of these measurements to nearby vertebral body lengths were respectively: laryngeal height at the third cervical vertebra: 0.56 and 0.56, tracheal height at the third cervical vertebra: 0.4 and 0.39, tracheal height at the fifth cervical vertebra: 0.37 and 0.37, tracheal height at the first thoracic vertebra: 0.59 and 0.59, and carina height: 0.91 and 0.94. The ratio tracheal height at the first thoracic vertebra to the thoracic inlet respectively 0.15 and 0.15. Although there was no statistical difference in the data, there was a trend towards a higher tracheal height at expiration. No correlation was found between tracheal height and body mass or tracheal height and height at the withers, and measured tracheal height was generally lower than predicted tracheal height, possibly as result of sedation used. The small range of body mass and height in this study as well as the relatively small number of horses evaluated may account for the lack of correlation to predicted tracheal height. This study in normal horses may serve as a reference when radiologically evaluating cases of upper respiratory tract and lung pathology, where the tracheal dimensions may differ significantly due to differences in airway resistance and biomechanics. Radiographs to evaluate tracheal height can be made independent of respiratory phase in sedated horses, and it is recommended that ratios of tracheal height to an adjacent vertebral body length are more reliable values to compare within and between horses. It is recommended to take tracheal height measured at the fifth cervical vertebra since this measurement showed a slightly smaller standard deviation than at other sites measured as well as a medium amount of clinical effect. If only thoracic radiographs are made, measurements of tracheal height at the thoracic inlet is the alternative (the standard cranioventral view), but it is recommended to include the distal aspect of the first rib if the thoracic inlet is to be measured.<br>Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2008.<br>Companion Animal Clinical Studies<br>unrestricted
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Kerr, Hugh G. "The determination of normal fault geometries in two and three dimensions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309872.
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Watanabe, Norihiko. "Antigen receptor cross-linking by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies coupled to cell surface membrane induces rapid apoptosis of normal spleen B cells." Kyoto University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182246.
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Akhter, Tansim. "Carotid Artery Wall Layer Dimensions during and after Pre-eclampsia : An investigation using non-invasive high-frequency ultrasound." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197200.
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Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. The ‘gold standard’ for estimating cardiovascular risk - ultrasound assessment of the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) - does not convincingly demonstrate this increased risk. The aim of this thesis was to examine whether high-frequency (22 MHz) ultrasound assessment of the individual CCA intima and media layers and calculation of the intima/media (I/M) ratio - can indicate the increased cardiovascular risk after pre-eclampsia. After validation of the method in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have a recognized increased risk of CVD, women during and after normal and preeclamptic pregnancies were investigated. Assessment of the individual artery wall layers reliably demonstrated the increased cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women with SLE, while CCA-IMT did not. The artery wall layer dimensions in women with SLE were comparable to those of postmenopausal women without SLE and were 30 years older. Among the women with normal pregnancies negative changes to the artery wall later on in the pregnancy were seen in those with lower serum estradiol, older age, higher body mass index or higher blood pressure early in the pregnancy. About one year postpartum, both the mean intima thickness and the I/M ratio had improved, compared to values during pregnancy. These findings support the theory that normal pregnancy is a stress on the vascular system. Women who developed pre-eclampsia (mean age 31 years) had thicker intima layers, thinner media layers and higher I/M ratios, both at diagnosis and one year postpartum, than women with normal pregnancies, indicating increased cardiovascular risk. Women with a history of severe pre-eclampsia (mean age 44 years; mean 11 years since the last delivery) had thicker intima layers and higher I/M ratios than women with a history of normal pregnancies, indicating long-standing negative vascular effects. Assessment of individual CCA wall layers, but not of CCA-IMT, provided clear evidence of the well-known increased cardiovascular risk in women with SLE or pre-eclampsia. The method has the potential to become an important tool in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these women through early diagnosis and intervention.
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Chakir, El-Alaoui El-Houcine. "Les métriques sous riemanniennes en dimension 3." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES055.
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Cette thèse est consacrée essentiellement à l'étude des métriques sous-riemanniennes dites de contact en dimension 3. Bien que cette étude soit faite localement, on observe des différences fondamentales avec les métriques riemanniennes. En particulier, les lieux conjugue et cut d'un point p contiennent p dans leur adhérence. Ce travail se divise en deux parties : 1. On montre, dans un premier temps, qu'on peut associer à toute métrique sous-riemannienne de contact formelle une forme normale formelle. Ensuite, dans un deuxième temps, on montre que cette forme normale est actuellement lisse (i. E. C, c) si la métrique l'est. Aussi, cette forme normale permet de définir des invariants associés aux métriques sous-riemanniennes de contact. 2. A l'aide de cette forme normale on prouve que l'application exponentielle d'une métrique sous-riemannienne de contact générique est déterminée par un certain jet fini de la métrique. Et on en déduit une classification générique de ces singularités (i. E. Lieux conjugués).
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Kaven, Joern Ole. "Normal Fault Growth In Three Dimensions." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10462.
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Diez, Tobias. "Normal Form of Equivariant Maps and Singular Symplectic Reduction in Infinite Dimensions with Applications to Gauge Field Theory." 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35217.
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Inspired by problems in gauge field theory, this thesis is concerned with various
aspects of infinite-dimensional differential geometry.
In the first part, a local normal form theorem for smooth equivariant maps
between tame Fréchet manifolds is established. Moreover, an elliptic version of
this theorem is obtained. The proof these normal form results is inspired by
the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction for dynamical systems and by the Kuranishi
method for moduli spaces, and uses a slice theorem for Fréchet manifolds as
the main technical tool. As a consequence of this equivariant normal form
theorem, the abstract moduli space obtained by factorizing a level set of the
equivariant map with respect to the group action carries the structure of a
Kuranishi space, i.e., such moduli spaces are locally modeled on the quotient
by a compact group of the zero set of a smooth map.
In the second part of the thesis, the theory of singular symplectic reduction
is developed in the infinite-dimensional Fréchet setting. By refining the above
construction, a normal form for momentum maps similar to the classical
Marle–Guillemin–Sternberg normal form is established. Analogous to the
reasoning in finite dimensions, this normal form result is then used to show
that the reduced phase space decomposes into smooth manifolds each carrying
a natural symplectic structure.
Finally,the singular symplectic reduction scheme is further investigated in the
situation where the original phase space is an infinite-dimensional cotangent
bundle. The fibered structure of the cotangent bundle yields a refinement of
the usual orbit-momentum type strata into so-called seams. Using a suitable
normal form theorem, it is shown that these seams are manifolds. Taking
the harmonic oscillator as an example, the influence of the singular seams on
dynamics is illustrated.
The general results stated above are applied to various gauge theory models.
The moduli spaces of anti-self-dual connections in four dimensions and of
Yang–Mills connections in two dimensions is studied. Moreover, the stratified
structure of the reduced phase space of the Yang–Mills–Higgs theory is
investigated in a Hamiltonian formulation after a (3 + 1)-splitting.
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Dinov, Borislav. "Patterns of Left Atrial Activation and Evaluation of Atrial Asynchrony in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Normal Controls: Factors beyond Left Atrial Dimensions." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16692.
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I. Extensive experimental and clinical data suggest that certain electrical and structural changes develop in the atria of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). These alterations are commonly referred as atrial remodeling and are considered to play a crucial role in the self-perpetuation of this arrhythmia.
a. A hallmark of LA structural remodeling is the LA dilatation which is a predictor for progression to chronic AF and therapeutic failure as well. However, AF is associated not only with LA enlargement but also with asymmetrical changes in the left atrial geometry.
b. Furthermore, the electrical remodeling is characterized by slower and asynchronous inter- and intra-atrial conduction that also contributes to the maintenance of AF. Some studies suggested a role of the conduction block in the Bachmann’s bundle, connecting the right and left atrium, in the AF pathophysiology and LA remodeling.
II. Echocardiography and especially the tissue Doppler method can provide additional insight into the nature of the LA remodeling, because it allows the characterization of the intrinsic LA velocities.
a. Using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler (PW-TDI) is possible to measure the interval from the onset of the surface P wave to the A´ velocity at the lateral mitral annulus as a representation of the total interatrial conduction time (TACT). In number of studies, it was demonstrated that prolonged TACT was associated with new-onset AF, AF after open heart surgery, and AF recurrences after electrical cardioversion and catheter ablation.
b. An important limitation of the previous studies is that TACT has never been validated by direct measurements of the true electrical conduction in the LA. Moreover, it was assumed that the activation of the lateral MA must be the latest LA activation site.
III. In this study, we sought to evaluate the feasibility of the PW-TDI as a simple and quick method to evaluate the LA asynchrony. For the purpose, we measured the time intervals from the onset of P-wave to the A´ (P-A´) in PW-TDI at 4 different left atrial sites next to mitral annulus (septal, lateral, anterior and inferior) in patients referred for electrophysiological study and catheter ablation because of atrial fibrillation or other arrhythmias.
a. The differences between the longest and shortest P-A´ (DLS-PA´), as well as the standard deviation (SD-4PA´) of all 4 values were calculated as indexes for LA asynchrony. Importantly, LA asynchrony in patients with AF was compared with a matched control group of patients without history of AF.
b. Moreover, the TACT was validated by comparing it with the actual electrical activation of the left atrium measured directly in the coronary sinus. For this purpose, the intervals between the onset of the P-wave and the local LA activation at the distal electrode pair of a catheter inserted in the coronary sinus were measured.
c. Having in mind the ovoid LA shape and asymmetrical changes in LA geometry observed in patients with AF, we hypothesized that the lateral mitral annulus may not always be the latest activation spot. Therefore, we sought to determine the latest LA activation site exhibiting the longest P-A´ interval, as well as to describe the sequence of LA activation in AF patients and non-AF controls.
IV. One hundred and thirty patients with AF (AF group) and 70 patients without a history of AF (non-AF control group) were examined prospectively using PW-TDI.
a. Both groups were matched for the baseline characteristics, including LA diameter. The P-A´ interval measured with PW-TDI at the lateral LA showed a strong, positive, linear correlation with the P-A activation at the distal poles of the CS catheter at the lateral MA: Pearson r=0.708; P=0.0001.
b. Asynchrony in the AF group was more pronounced in comparison to the non-AF control group. Patients in the AF group had longer DLS-PA´ as compared to controls: 37±16 msec. vs. 28±13 msec.; P=0.0001, as well as bigger SD-4PA´: 17±7 msec. vs. 13±5 msec.; P=0.0001.
c. Furthermore, distinct patterns of LA activation were observed. Most AF patients (86.5%) showed an upward LA activation with inferior LA breakthrough, whereas the non-AF controls exhibited mostly a downward LA activation (65.5%), spreading from LA roof downwards.
d. ROC analysis revealed that P-A´ at anterior LA successfully discriminated patients with AF from the non-AF controls (AUC 0.85, P<0.0001). A cut off value for P-A´ anterior > 55 msec. discriminated between AF patients and controls with 85% sensitivity; 81% specificity; positive predictive value of 0.898, and negative predictive value of 0.707.
V. In conclusion, PW-TDI can be reliably used to assess the LA asynchrony. Patients with atrial fibrillation showed greater LA asynchrony in PW-TDI independently from the LA dimensions. For the first time, we described that LA activation showed 3 distinct patterns with the upward LA activation being the most frequently observed in patients with AF. Patients with AF demonstrated a prolonged P-A´ activation time at the anterior left atrium. P-A´ at anterior LA > 55 msec. discriminates between patients with AF and non-AF controls with high sensitivity and specificity. This method can be useful to identity patients at risk for occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation, as well as to assess the severity of the LA remodeling in order to improve the selection of patients for catheter ablation.:Table of Contents
1 Background 5
1.1 Mechanisms of initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation 5
1.2 Left atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation 7
1.3 Echocardiographic assessment of left atrial remodeling 8
1.4 Pathophysiology of interatrial conduction in atrial fibrillation 10
2 Objectives and methods 11
2.1 Study objectives 11
2.2 Methods 11
2.2.1 Echocardiography 13
2.2.2 Electrophysiological study 15
2.2.3 Statistical methods 16
3 Publication 17
4 Discussion 26
5 Limitations 30
6 Conclusion 31
7 Synopsis 32
8 References 36
9 Selbstständigkeitserklärung 47
10 Curriculum vitae and list of publications 48
11 Danksagung /Acknowledgments 56
Books on the topic "Normal dimensions of spleen"
1
Karttunen, Tuomo. The extracellular matrix in the lymphoreticular system: Distribution of laminin, type IV collagen and type III pN-collagen in normal lymph nodes, spleen and thymus and in certain pathological conditions. University of Oulu, 1988.
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Lahey, Benjamin B. Dimensions of Psychological Problems. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197607909.001.0001.
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A long-brewing revolution in how people think about psychological problems has finally reached a tipping point. Extensive scientific evidence now portrays psychological problems as problematic ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that lie on continuous dimensions from insignificant to severe, with there being no hard line between “normal” and “abnormal.” These dimensions of psychological problems are highly correlated and overlapping. This means that people often experience psychological problems on more than one dimension at the same time. New longitudinal studies, in which the same people provide information about themselves over long parts of their lives, now indicate that the dimensions of psychological problems are dynamically changing rather than constant. Perhaps most important, these long-term studies reveal that psychological problems are commonplace and ordinary aspects of human lives. Surprisingly, nearly all people experience some distressing and impairing psychological problems at some time during their lives. These psychological problems range from simply uncomfortable to extremely distressing, problematic, and sometimes tragic. Nonetheless, psychological problems arise through the same natural processes as all aspects of behavior. That is, both adaptive and maladaptive patterns of psychological functioning are the result of the same natural interplay of genes and environments. Understanding these things about psychological problems should reduce people’s tendency to stigmatize these problems in themselves and in others. It will often be sensible for people to seek professional help to change them, but psychological problems are simply ordinary and commonplace parts of people’s lives.
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Tackett, Jennifer L., Avantè J. Smack, and Kathleen W. Reardon. Examining Relational Aggression in an Individual Differences Context. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0010.
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Individual differences, such as normal-range personality, personality pathology, and genetics (specifically behavioral genetics), are variables or constructs that can be used to distinguish people. Individual differences have also been used to understand differences in antisocial behavior, including relational aggression, and can help inform the scientific conceptualization of this behavior. This chapter summarizes evidence for individual differences in relational aggression in three dimensions: normal-range personality, personality pathology, and behavioral genetics. Relationally aggressive behaviors are associated with normal-range personality traits, including high negative affect and low interpersonal and intrapersonal self-regulation. Relational aggression also overlaps with personality pathology. With regard to genetics, relational aggression can be explained by genetic factors and also shows substantial influences from environmental factors. Taken together, relational aggression is probably influenced by a number of internal and external factors, and individual differences research highlights potential heterogeneity in the construct.
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Ferrari, Patrik L., and Herbert Spohn. Random matrices and Laplacian growth. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.39.
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This article reviews the theory of random matrices with eigenvalues distributed in the complex plane and more general ‘beta ensembles’ (logarithmic gases in 2D). It first considers two ensembles of random matrices with complex eigenvalues: ensemble C of general complex matrices and ensemble N of normal matrices. In particular, it describes the Dyson gas picture for ensembles of matrices with general complex eigenvalues distributed on the plane. It then presents some general exact relations for correlation functions valid for any values of N and β before analysing the distribution and correlations of the eigenvalues in the large N limit. Using the technique of boundary value problems in two dimensions and elements of the potential theory, the article demonstrates that the finite-time blow-up (a cusp–like singularity) of the Laplacian growth with zero surface tension is a critical point of the normal and complex matrix models.
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Bianchi, Emanuela. Aristotle’s Organism, and Ours. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474412094.003.0008.
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Emanuela Bianchi’s “Aristotle’s Organism, and Ours” offers an account of Aristotelian thought in which the aspirations to organismic unity and healthy functioning as a sign of superiority are continually vitiated by unassimilable material factors. These factors can be understood through the paradigmatic figure of the female offspring. Bianchi names this the “feminine symptom” of Aristotelian philosophy, that which is both necessary for and disruptive of the normal operation of teleology. While contemporary philosophical and scientific critiques have undermined the theoretical priority and holism of the organism, Bianchi, by returning Aristotle’s discussion of the ontogenesis of the gendered organism, analyzes the normative and topological dimensions of our thinking about the organism, and thereby reimagines its contemporary status.
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Kovid, Dr Raj K., Dr Daleep Parimoo, and Dr Santhi Narayanan. EMERGING CONTOURS OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT. SVDES BOOK SERIES, Delhi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842413.
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The pandemic has triggered changes across the walks of life including governance, business and management. External environmental turbulence is reshaping the market landscape drastically and hence the way organizations run. Normal practices in corporations are being redefined and revisited. The organizations are trying innovative approaches to face the unparalleled challenges staying afloat. So, the key of success lies in the way corporations adapt to the emerging trends the business sector is leaning toward. The emerging contours of business and management in the ‗new-normalized‘ situation include increasing role of technology convergence, balancing the organizational and individual expectations among others. Advancement of Artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things and other emerging technologies have spilled over to create impact on socio-psychological dimensions of human behaviour at large. Business organizations are facing challenges across the dimensions of doing business. For example, cyber-crimes and issues related to protection of intellectual property in the virtual world are keeping the managing executives on their toes. The pattern of organizations‘ responses to the emerging challenges is embedded with innovative ideas leading to entrepreneurship at individual and corporate level. The innovation and entrepreneurship as a response to deal with an unprecedented crisis has found roots down to the bottom of the pyramid. Reskilling and upskilling the workforce is one of the dominating emerging corporate landscapes. Further, organizations appear to have extended their support-net even to the family of their employees. This edited book provides insights on varied aspects of emerging contours of business and management around the world. The themes around which authors have contributed chapters include entrepreneurship, innovation, managing human resources, managerial competences, intellectual property, globalization, online marketing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and business data mining among others. The book also highlights issues related to emerging themes in sectors such as healthcare, tourism, academics etc.
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Grant, Warren, and Martin Scott-Brown. Principles of oncogenesis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0322.
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It is obvious that the process of developing cancer—oncogenesis—is a multistep process. We know that smoking, obesity, and a family history are strong independent predictors of developing malignancy; yet, in clinics, we often see that some heavy smokers live into their nineties and that some people with close relatives affected by cancer spend many years worrying about a disease that, in the end, they never contract. For many centuries scientists have struggled to understand the process that make cancer cells different from normal cells. There were those in ancient times who believed that tumours were attributable to acts of the gods. Hippocrates suggested that cancer resulted from an imbalance between the black humour that came from the spleen, and the other three humours: blood, phlegm, and bile. It is only in the last 100 years that biologists have been able to characterize some of the pathways that lead to the uncontrolled replication seen in cancer, and subsequently examine exactly how these pathways evolve. The rampant nature by which cancer invades local and distant tissues, as well its apparent ability to spread between related individuals led some, such as Peyton Rous in 1910, to suggest that cancer was an infectious condition. He was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1966 for the 50 years of work into investigating a link between sarcoma in chickens and a retrovirus that became known as Rous sarcoma virus. He had shown how retroviruses are able to integrate sequences of DNA coding for errors in cellular replication control (oncogenes) by introducing into the human cell viral RNA together with a reverse transcriptase. Viruses are now implicated in many cancers, and in countries where viruses such as HIV and EBV are endemic, the high incidence of malignancies such as Kaposi’s sarcoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma is likely to be directly related. There are several families of viruses associated with cancer, broadly classed into DNA viruses, which mutate human genes using their own DNA, and retroviruses, like Rous sarcoma virus, which insert viral RNA into the cell, where it is then transcribed into genes. This link with viruses has not only led to an understanding that cancer originates from genetic mutations, but has also become a key focus in the design of new anticancer therapies. Traditional chemotherapies either alter DNA structure (as with cisplatin) or inhibit production of its component parts (as with 5-fluorouracil.) These broad-spectrum agents have many and varied side effects, largely due to their non-specific activity on replicating DNA throughout the body, not just in tumour cells. New vaccine therapies utilizing gene-coding viruses aim to restore deficient biological pathways or inhibit mutated ones specific to tumour cells. The hope is that these gene therapies will be effective and easily tolerated by patients, but development is currently progressing with caution. In a trial in France of ten children suffering from X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency and who were injected with a vector that coded for the gene product they lacked, two of the children subsequently died from leukaemia. Further analysis confirmed that the DNA from the viral vector had become integrated into an existing, but normally inactive, proto-oncogene, LM02, triggering its conversion into an active oncogene, and the development of life-threatening malignancy. To understand how a tiny change in genetic structure could lead to such tragic consequences, we need to understand the molecular biology of the cell and, in particular, to pay attention to the pathways of growth regulation that are necessary in all mammalian cell populations. Errors in six key regulatory pathways are known as the ‘hallmarks of cancer’ and will be discussed in the rest of this chapter.
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Escudier, Marcel. Introduction to Engineering Fluid Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.001.0001.
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Turbojet and turbofan engines, rocket motors, road vehicles, aircraft, pumps, compressors, and turbines are examples of machines which require a knowledge of fluid mechanics for their design. The aim of this undergraduate-level textbook is to introduce the physical concepts and conservation laws which underlie the subject of fluid mechanics and show how they can be applied to practical engineering problems. The first ten chapters are concerned with fluid properties, dimensional analysis, the pressure variation in a fluid at rest (hydrostatics) and the associated forces on submerged surfaces, the relationship between pressure and velocity in the absence of viscosity, and fluid flow through straight pipes and bends. The examples used to illustrate the application of this introductory material include the calculation of rocket-motor thrust, jet-engine thrust, the reaction force required to restrain a pipe bend or junction, and the power generated by a hydraulic turbine. Compressible-gas flow is then dealt with, including flow through nozzles, normal and oblique shock waves, centred expansion fans, pipe flow with friction or wall heating, and flow through axial-flow turbomachinery blading. The fundamental Navier-Stokes equations are then derived from first principles, and examples given of their application to pipe and channel flows and to boundary layers. The final chapter is concerned with turbulent flow. Throughout the book the importance of dimensions and dimensional analysis is stressed. A historical perspective is provided by an appendix which gives brief biographical information about those engineers and scientists whose names are associated with key developments in fluid mechanics.
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Freeden, Michael. Concealed Silences and Inaudible Voices in Political Thinking. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833512.001.0001.
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Abstract This book investigates silence as a normal, ubiquitous, and indispensable element of political thinking, theory, and language. It explores the diverse dimensions in which silences mould the different core features of the political—by summoning up finality, by contributing to rendering support for communities or withholding it, by processing consent or dissent, by the manner in which it secures continuities or generates ruptures, and by its role in shaping national time, public memory, and collective identity. Not least, silence is a highly flexible power resource, both enabling and constraining major social practices, traditions, and currents. The emphasis of this study is primarily on the concealed, unintentional, and unrecognized ways through which silence pervades socio-political life, departing from the typical focus on intentional silencing and the dominance of logos. Instead, silence adopts the guises of the unspeakable, the ineffable, the inarticulable, and the unconceptualizable. En route, silence is juxtaposed with stillness, absence contrasted with lack, agency set against undetected conventions, and the veiled paired with the wondrous. Drawing extensively from historical, philosophical, anthropological, psychoanalytical, theological, linguistic, and literary viewpoints, the book demonstrates the common threads that connect silences to those different disciplines, alongside the features that pull them asunder. In extracting and decoding their political implications, it explores both academic literature and colloquial, everyday discourse. Selected case studies elaborating the overall analysis include topics such as Buddhist non-dualism, Locke’s tacit consent, the submerging of historical narratives, state neutrality, Pinter’s miscommunications and menace, and the separate ways ideologies integrate silence into their beliefs.
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Wani, Aijaz Ashraf. What Happened to Governance in Kashmir? Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199487608.001.0001.
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What Happened to governance in Kashmir? studies the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the perspective of an ‘exceptional state’ rather than a ‘normal state’, a periphery on the margins of the centre, and thus shifts the focus from the central grid to the local arena. It contains a mass of information on what successive governments did to manage the conflicted state of Jammu and Kashmir. It identifies the various issues and problems the state has been confronted with since the transfer of power to ‘popular’ government in 1948 to 1989. The book makes a critical study of the engagement of Indian state and its clientele governments and patronage democracies with political instability to create ‘order’ in ‘durable disorder’. With having examined the different political, military, legal, economic, social, and cultural strategies, instruments and tactics employed by the state at different times to suit changing environments, this is the first work on post 1947 Kashmir which brings together many capital dimensions of state, politics, and governance in Kashmir under one cover. While critically delineating the doings of the governments, the book does not only provide flesh and blood to some existing narratives, it also modifies and even refutes some of the long held assumptions on the basis of hitherto unexamined evidence. All in all, the book illuminates the reader about the policies of Indian state towards Kashmir and the extent the successive governments have succeeded in winning the emotional integration of Kashmiris with the Indian Union. As Sheikh Abdullah was a central figure of Kashmir politics and governance, the readers will find a refreshingly new light on his governance when he was in power, and a most influential agency to mould the public opinion when he was out of state power. Similar revealing information on the other governments are documented for the first time. Having studied each government in its own right, we find the governance characterized by change in continuity. Indeed, governance in Kashmir does not constitute one single development. In essence it is a diachronic assemblage, a composite result of different systems each with its own internal or imposed coherence moving at different speeds—some are stable, some move slowly, and some wear themselves out more quickly depending on various forces and factors. What Happened to Governance in Kashmir? is a telling tale on the state of governance in Kashmir; the policies and strategies adopted by Indian state and the successive patronage governments to grapple with the multifarious problems of the state. Kashmir is an ailing state. It is the victim of colonialism and partition, which subverted its geographical centrality with serious economic implications besides making it a permanent conflict state causing immense human and material loss. Besides being claimed by India, Pakistan, and Kashmiris, it is also a rainbow state very difficult to manage with various ethno-regional and sub-regional nationalities at cross-purposes. Added to this, it is a dependent state. This book situates governance in its total milieu and examines the governance in the framework of challenge and response continuum. It unfolds how in a conflict state like Kashmir democracy and governance is always guided and controlled. This is the first comprehensive book on the post 1947 governance in Kashmir.
Book chapters on the topic "Normal dimensions of spleen"
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Senecail, B. "Sonographic Anatomy of the Normal Spleen, Normal Anatomic Variants, and Pitfalls." In Ultrasonography of the Spleen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73199-0_1.
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O’Malley, Dennis P. "Normal Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Findings and Hyperplasias." In Atlas of Spleen Pathology. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4672-9_1.
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Gutierrez-Lanz, Efrain A., Winston Y. Lee, and Liron Pantanowitz. "Lymphoid and Hematopoietic Systems (Lymph Nodes, Thymus, Spleen, Bone Marrow)." In Normal Cytology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20336-7_7.
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Falbo, S. E., and Z. H. Jafri. "The Normal Spleen on Different Imaging Modalities." In Medical Imaging of the Spleen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57045-2_2.
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Nguyen, Lynh, and Ling Zhang. "Anatomy and Histology of Normal Liver and Spleen." In Diagnostic Pathology of Hematopoietic Disorders of Spleen and Liver. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37708-3_1.
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Hale, Jack K., Luis T. Magalhães, and Waldyr M. Oliva. "Realization of Vector Fields and Normal Forms." In Dynamics in Infinite Dimensions. Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22896-9_8.
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Singh, Sundar, Nancy Jaswal, Purnima Justa, et al. "Co-surfactant Modulates Nanoparticle Dimensions Synthesized in Normal Microemulsion." In Recent Advances in Nanomaterials. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4878-9_30.
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Charalambous, Michael G. "The Gaps Between the Dimensions of Normal Hausdorff Spaces." In Dimension Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22232-1_32.
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Ostermann, Moritz, Jonathan Behm, Thorsten Marten, et al. "Individualization of Public Transport – Integration of Technical and Social Dimensions of Sustainable Mobility." In Towards the New Normal in Mobility. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39438-7_25.
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Ansermet, Diane. "The Electronic Normal State in $$\mathrm{Na}_{2-\delta }\mathrm{Mo}_{6}\mathrm{Se}_6$$Na2-δMo6Se6." In Emergent Superconductivity in Low Dimensions. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2941-8_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Normal dimensions of spleen"
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Govindarajan, Bharath, Jay Sitaraman, Yong Jung, and James Baeder. "Efficient Three-Dimensional Solution for Unstructured Grids Using Hamiltonian Paths and Strand Grids." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10087.
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An approach for achieving line-structures in purely unstructured grids is presented in two-dimensions and three-dimensions. The method entails the identification of Hamiltonian paths created by quadrilateral subdivision of unstructured meshes to represent two distinct surface coordinate directions, and strand grids to represent the wall normal direction. High-order stencil-based discretization and approximate factorization methods are used to construct line-implicit inversion operators along the loops and strands. Efficient solvers are then formulated that exploit these structures to the predict aerodynamic flow over bodies. Steady subsonic and transonic flow over an airfoil, wing, sphere and the Robin helicopter fuselage are predicted using the developed solver and compared against known results to validate the proposed methodology. Various mesh smoothing techniques and their effects on the solution convergence histories using multiple reconstruction schemes are explored. Domain decomposition techniques using message passing interface are developed to allow for the execution of the mesh generator and solver on parallel systems to contain the computational cost. Efficiency comparisons of the Hamiltonian solver against establish structured solvers are performed for representative cases and it is shown that the developed methodology achieves the convergence and accuracy of structured solvers.
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Hussein, Muhammad M., Bassam A. Hussein, and Sayed M. Metwalli. "Optimization for Slip Analysis of Belt Drives With Finite Element Verification." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62813.
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This paper presents optimized nonlinear analytical procedure for the slipping and sticking motion of extensible belt pulley systems. The procedure initially assumes a general spline representing the changes in the internal moment along the slipping zones. This assumption enables one to get the shear force values along the belt length. Also this assumption enabled us to discover an entrance slipping zone of the belt pulley contact with all variables changing along this zone. The contact between the belt and the pulley has thus three stages that lead to more realistic prediction of the belt system variables and more accurate values for the angles in the belt pulley sliding zones. The change in the angular velocity of the driven pulley with respect to the driving pulley, the change in the cross section dimensions, and the belt stretch are predicted. The analytical model gives highly nonlinear equations which are solved by numerical optimization procedure and validated by the solution obtained using absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) finite element method. The results obtained demonstrate that the present formulation leads to more accurate prediction for the belt tension, friction and normal forces. This paper presents the analytical results of several models which are presented and would enable better prediction for the critical loads for several cases.
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Czerchaujski, L., V. Hornsey, C. Prowse, and H. Bessos. "CROSS-REACTIV7E Fl/III :C IN THE RABBIT: A POTENTIAL ANIMAL MODEL FOR FUIII:C STUDIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644036.
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A one step Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) incorporating two anti-human FVIII :Ag monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was used to determine FUIIIrAg in rabbits. Initial examinations showed the presence of cross-reactive FUIII:C in rabbit serum, plasma, and homogenates of normal rabbit liver, lung and spleen. Detailed investigation of normal rabbit plasma, and plasma depleted with Sephacryl S1000-anti FVIII :C MAbs and irrelevant MAbs (as control) using the ELISA, a chromogenic Fl/III:C activity assay, an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using human antibody, and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) showed conclusively that the ELISA was specific for FVIII:C. The cross reactive FVIII:Ag was found to be most prominent in rabbit plasma, followed by serum, liver, lung and spleen. The ELISA should enable potential use of the rabbit as an animal model for FVIII:C studies, such as the enhancement of homologous FVIII:C with drugs or following tissue transplantation.
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Han, MeiLan K., Philip Westgate, Jordan Zach, et al. "Radiologic Variability In Airway Dimensions In The Normal Lung." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5226.
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Alenkina, Irina V., Michael I. Oshtrakh, Israel Felner, Alexander V. Vinogradov, Tatiana S. Konstantinova, and Vladimir A. Semionkin. "Iron in spleen and liver: Some cases of normal tissues and tissues from patients with hematological malignancies." In MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2016. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966006.
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Nikiforova, L., N. Sapundzhiev, G. Stoyanov, I. Valkadinov, and V. Platikanov. "Different laryngeal dimensions and proportions in normal pediatric larynxes and laryngomalacia." In Abstract- und Posterband – 90. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Digitalisierung in der HNO-Heilkunde. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1686580.
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Kang, Ensil, and J. Hyam Rubinstein. "Ideal triangulations of 3–manifolds I: spun normal surface theory." In Conference on the Topology of Manifolds of Dimensions 3 and 4. Mathematical Sciences Publishers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/gtm.2004.7.235.
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Hasegawa, Masaru, Nathan Burnette, Gideon Zamba, Janice Cook-Granroth, Rickey Moggio, and Eric A. Hoffman. "CT-Based Atlas Of Normal Human Lung: Gender Difference In Airway Dimensions." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5223.
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Theodoracatos, Vassilios E., and Dale E. Calkins. "A 3-D Vision System Model for Automatic Object Surface Sensing." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0166.
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Abstract The development of a “light striping” (structured light) based three-dimensional vision system for automatic surface sensing is presented. The three-dimensional world-point reconstruction process and system modeling methodology involves homogeneous coordinate transformations applied in two independent stages; the video imaging stage using three-dimensional perspective transformations, and the mechanical scanning stage, using three-dimensional affine transformations. Concatenation of the two independent matrix models leads to a robust four-by-four matrix system model. The independent treatment of the two-dimensional imaging process from the three-dimensional modeling process, has reduced the number of unknown internal and external geometrical parameters. The reconstructed sectional contours (light stripes) are automatically and in real-time registered with respect to a common world coordinate system in a format compatible with B-spline surface approximation. The reconstruction process is demonstrated by measuring the surface of a 19.5-ft long by 2 feet beam rowing shell. A detailed statistical accuracy and precision analysis shows an average error, 0.2 percent (0.002), of an object’s largest dimension within the the camera’s field-of-view. System sensitivity analysis reveals a nonlinear increase for angles between the normals of the image and laser planes higher than 45 degrees.
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Dasgupta, Soura, Stella-Rita C. Ibeawuchi, and Zhi Ding. "Optimum sensor placement for source monitoring under log-normal shadowing in three dimensions." In 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology (ISCIT). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscit.2009.5341223.
Full textReports on the topic "Normal dimensions of spleen"
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Kiv, A. E., T. I. Maximova, and V. N. Soloviev. Microstructure of the relaxed (001) Si surface. [б. в.], 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1245.
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We have applied molecular dynamics method and semi-empirical potential [1] to obtain the realistic picture of Si surface layers relaxation.The starting configuration was taken as a parallelepiped containing 864 atoms. There were 12 layers with 72 atoms in each one. Periodic boundary conditions were used in two dimensions. At first all atoms were in normal lattice positions. The relaxation of Si surface, which corresponds to (001) plane was investigated. MD method was applied in its standard form i.e. the equations of motion were solved by using of the central difference scheme. The time-step was 10-14s.
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Hellström, Anders. How anti-immigration views were articulated in Sweden during and after 2015. Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771936.
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The development towards the mainstreaming of extremism in European countries in the areas of immigration and integration has taken place both in policy and in discourse. The harsh policy measures that were implemented after the 2015 refugee crisis have led to a discursive shift; what is normal to say and do in the areas of immigration and integration has changed. Anti-immigration claims are today not merely articulated in the fringes of the political spectrum but more widely accepted and also, at least partly, officially sanctioned. This study investigates the anti-immigration claims, seen as (populist) appeals to the people that centre around a particular mythology of the people and that are, as such, deeply ingrained in national identity construction. The two dimensions of the populist divide are of relevance here: The horizontal dimension refers to articulated differences between "the people", who belong here, and the "non-people" (the other), who do not. The vertical dimension refers to articulated differences between the common people and the established elites. Empirically, the analysis shows how anti-immigration views embedded in processes of national myth making during and after 2015 were articulated in the socially conservative online newspaper Samtiden from 2016 to 2019. The results indicate that far-right populist discourse conveys a nostalgia for a golden age and a cohesive and homogenous collective identity, combining ideals of cultural conformism and socioeconomic fairness.
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Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach, and Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.
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The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.
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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Shaojun (Jim) Du. Interactions Between the GH-IGF axis and Myostatin in Regulating Muscle Growth in Sparus aurata. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696530.bard.
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Growth rate of cultured fish from hatching to commercial size is a major factor in the success of aquaculture. The normal stimulus for muscle growth in growing fish is not well understood and understanding the regulation of muscle growth in fish is of particular importance for aquaculture. Fish meat constitutes mostly of skeletal muscles and provides high value proteins in most people's diet. Unlike mammals, fish continue to grow throughout their lives, although the size fish attain, as adults, is species specific. Evidence indicates that muscle growth is regulated positively and negatively by a variety of growth and transcription factors that control both muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, growth hormone (GH), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and transforming growth factor-13 (TGF-13) play critical roles in myogenesis during animal growth. An important advance in our understanding of muscle growth was provided by the recent discovery of the crucial functions of myostatin (MSTN) in controlling muscle growth. MSTN is a member of the TGF-13 superfamily and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. Studies in mammals also provided evidence for possible interactions between GH, IGFs, MSTN and the musclespecific transcription factor My oD with regards to muscle development and growth. The goal of our project was to try to clarify the role of MSTNs in Sparus aurata muscle growth and in particular determine the possible interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in fish. The steps to achieve this goal included: i) Determining possible relationship between changes in the expression of growth-related genes, MSTN and MyoD in muscle from slow and fast growing sea bream progeny of full-sib families and that of growth rate; ii) Testing the possible effect of over-expressing GH, IGF-I and IGF-Il on the expression of MSTN and MyoD in skeletal muscle both in vivo and in vitro; iii) Studying the regulation of the two S. aurata MSTN promoters and investigating the possible role of MyoD in this regulation. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) Two MSTN promoters (saMSTN-1 and saMSTN-2) were isolated and characterized from S. aurata and were found to direct reporter gene activity in A204 cells. Studies were initiated to decipher the regulation of fish MSTN expression in vitro using the cloned promoters; 2) The gene coding for saMSTN-2 was cloned. Both the promoter and the first intron were found to be polymorphic. The first intron zygosity appears to be associated with growth rate; 3) Full length cDNA coding for S. aurata growth differentiation factor-l I (GDF-II), a closely related growth factor to MSTN, was cloned from S. aurata brain, and the mature peptide (C-terminal) was found to be highly conserved throughout evolution. GDF-II transcript was detected by RT -PCR analysis throughout development in S. aurata embryos and larvae, suggesting that this mRNA is the product of the embryonic genome. Transcripts for GDF-Il were detected by RT-PCR in brain, eye and spleen with highest level found in brain; 4) A novel member of the TGF-Bsuperfamily was partially cloned from S. aurata. It is highly homologous to an unidentified protein (TGF-B-like) from Tetraodon nigroviridisand is expressed in various tissues, including muscle; 5) Recombinant S. aurata GH was produced in bacteria, refolded and purified and was used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Generally, the results of gene expression in response to GH administration in vivo depended on the nutritional state (starvation or feeding) and the time at which the fish were sacrificed after GH administration. In vitro, recombinantsaGH activated signal transduction in two fish cell lines: RTHI49 and SAFI; 6) A fibroblastic-like cell line from S. aurata (SAF-I) was characterized for its gene expression and was found to be a suitable experimental system for studies on GH-IGF and MSTN interactions; 7) The gene of the muscle-specific transcription factor Myogenin was cloned from S. aurata, its expression and promoter activity were characterized; 8) Three genes important to myofibrillogenesis were cloned from zebrafish: SmyDl, Hsp90al and skNAC. Our data suggests the existence of an interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN. This project yielded a great number of experimental tools, both DNA constructs and in vitro systems that will enable further studies on the regulation of MSTN expression and on the interactions between members of the GHIGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in S. aurata.
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Reproduction of 'What is normal? Dimensions of action-inaction normality and their impact on regret in the action-effect'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-8qqp-rv69.
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MRC Annual Report 2022 Part 1. Mekong River Commission Secretariat, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52107/mrc.b8uuu5.
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The Annual Report 2022 opens a window onto the Mekong River Commission’s most significant achievements of 2022 and sheds light upon the progress that the MRC aims for in 2023. 2022 was the second year of implementation of the MRC Strategic Plan 2021–2025, which contributes directly to the Basin Development Strategy 2021–2030. After two difficult years slowed by the global COVID pandemic, MRC work with its four Member Countries largely returned to normal. The five Strategic Priority areas of the BDS: Environment, Social, Economic, Climate Change, and Cooperation aim to achieve 11 BDS Outcomes and 30 Outputs by 2030. More specifically, a total of 95 routine and non-routine activities are deemed necessary to achieve these Outputs. Each section of the content contained in this report then illuminates these five prioritized dimensions: the challenges being addressed, the objectives achieved and the advances yet to come.