Relevant bibliographies by topics / Normal element

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Normal element'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Normal element"

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Udjiani, Titi, Suryoto Suryoto, and Harjito Harjito. "NORMAL ELEMENT ON IDENTIFY PROPERTIES." Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA) 1, no. 2 (2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v1i2.16.

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Abstract. One type of element in the ring with involution is normal element. Their main properties is commutative with their image by involution in ring. Group invers of element in ring is always commutative with element which is commutative with itself. In this paper, properties of normal element in ring with involution which also have generalized Moore Penrose invers are constructed by using commutative property of group invers in ring. Keywords: Normal, Moore Penrose, group, involution
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Levi, I., and R. B. McFadden. "Sn-normal semigroups." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 37, no. 3 (1994): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091500018927.

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Certain subsemigroups of the full transformation semigroup Tn on a finite set of cardinality n are investigated, namely those subsemigroups S of Tn, which are normalised by the symmetric group on n elements, the group of units of Tn. The Sn-normal closure of an element of Tn is determined, and the structure of the Sn-normal ideals consisting of the members of Tn whose image contains at most r elements is studied.
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LIN, HUAXIN. "ALMOST NORMAL ELEMENTS." International Journal of Mathematics 05, no. 05 (1994): 765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x94000383.

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We show that, for any ε > 0, there exists δ > 0, such that for any finite matrix T with ||T|| ≤ 1 satisfies [Formula: see text] there is a normal operator N ∈ B (l2) such that [Formula: see text] where T∞ is the block diagonal operator with T on each diagonal block. We also show that, for any ε > 0, there exists δ > 0 such that for any element x with ||x|| ≤ 1 in any purely infinite simple C*-algebra A satisfies [Formula: see text] and a spectral condition, there is a normal element y ∈ A with finite spectrum [Formula: see text]
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Reza, F. M. "Two-element type normal n-ports." Journal of the Franklin Institute 323, no. 1 (1987): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(87)90045-7.

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Huo-Yuan, Duan, and Liang Guo-Ping. "Normal and tangential continuous elements for least-squares mixed finite element methods." Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 20, no. 4 (2004): 609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.20002.

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Droste, M., W. C. Holland, and H. D. Macpherson. "Automorphism Groups of Homogeneous Semilinear Orders: Normal Subgroups and Commutators." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 43, no. 4 (1991): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1991-041-7.

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A partially ordered set (T, ≤) is called a tree if it is semilinearly ordered, i.e. any two elements have a common lower bound but no two incomparable elements have a common upper bound, and contains an infinite chain and at least two incomparable elements. Let k ∈ ℕ. We say that a partially ordered set (T, ≤) is k-homogeneous, if each isomorphism between two k-element subsets of T extends to an automorphism of (T, ≤), and weakly k-transitive, if for any two k-element subchains of T there exists an automorphism of (T, ≤) taking one to the other.
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Aragona, R., and A. D'Andrea. "Normal form in Hecke-Kiselman monoids associated with simple oriented graphs." Algebra and Discrete Mathematics 30, no. 2 (2020): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/adm1571.

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We generalize Kudryavtseva and Mazorchuk's concept of a canonical form of elements [9] in Kiselman's semigroups to the setting of a Hecke-Kiselman monoid HKΓ associated with a simple oriented graph Γ. We use confluence properties from [7] to associate with each element in HKΓ a normal form; normal forms are not unique, and we show that they can be obtained from each other by a sequence of elementary commutations. We finally describe a general procedure to recover a (unique) lexicographically minimal normal form.
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Christopoulou, Maria, Theo Garefalakis, Daniel Panario, and David Thomson. "The trace of an optimal normal element and low complexity normal bases." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 49, no. 1-3 (2008): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-008-9195-5.

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Alizadeh, Mahmood. "Some notes on the k-normal elements and k-normal polynomials over finite fields." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 16, no. 01 (2017): 1750006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498817500062.

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Recently, the [Formula: see text]-normal elements over finite fields are defined and characterized by Huczynska et al. In this paper, we give a new characterization of [Formula: see text]-normal elements and define [Formula: see text]-normal polynomials over finite fields. In what follows, we show that the problem of existence of a primitive 1-normal element in [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text], for all [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which has been stated by Huczynska et al., is not satisfied. Furthermore, we extend a recursive method given by Kyuregyan for constructing an infinite family of [Formula: see text]-polynomials, to constructing an infinite sequence of [Formula: see text]-normal polynomials over [Formula: see text].
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Paques, A. "On the primitive element and normal basis theorems." Communications in Algebra 16, no. 3 (1988): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927878808823581.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Normal element"

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Mello, Thiago Castilho de. "Sobre bases normais para extensões galoisianas de corpos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-21052008-150202/.

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Neste trabalho apresentamos várias demonstrações do Teorema da Base Normal para certos tipos de extensões galoisianas de corpos, algumas existenciais e outras construtivas, destacando as diferenças e dificuldades de cada situação. Apresentamos também generalizações de tal teorema e mostramos que toda extensão galoisiana de grau ímpar de corpos admite uma base normal autodual com respeito µa forma bilinear traço<br>In this work we present several demonstrations of The Normal Basis Theorem for certain kinds of galoisian extensions of fields, some of them existential and others constructive, pointing the diffculties and differences in each situation. We also present generalizations of such theorem and show that every odd degree galoisian extension of fields admits a self-dual normal base with respect to the trace bilinear map
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Shayanfar, Mohsen Ali. "Nonlinear finite element analysis of normal and high strength concrete structures." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40000.

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This thesis presents a new hypoelasticity model which was implemented in nonlinear finite formulation to analyze normal and high strength reinforced concrete structures under both monotonically increasing and reversed cyclic loadings. The model includes a new hypoelasticity constitutive relationship utilizing the rotations of material axis through subsequent iterations, employment of both fixed and rotating crack models, compressive strength degradation in post-cracking regime, new uniaxial stress-strain relationships for concrete under monotonically increasing and reversed cyclic loadings, accounting for mesh sensitivity, and utilizing the tensile strength degradation due to extensive internal microcracking of the concrete. The model can account for high nonlinearity of the stress-strain behaviour of concrete in the pre-peak regime, the softening behaviour of concrete in the post-peak regime, the stiffness degradation caused by the extension of microcracks during subsequent unloadings and reloadings and the irrecoverable volume dilatation at high levels of compressive load.<br>The effect of element size on different behavioural aspects of reinforced concrete elements including the load-displacement and load-strain characteristics, crack pattern and ultimate load are discussed along with a comparison with the experimental data where available. Various analyses indicated that the length of the descending branch of the tensile stress-strain curve of concrete defined by the value of the ultimate tensile strain, $ varepsilon sb{ rm tu}$, has a significant effect on the computed results. If the value of $ varepsilon sb{ rm tu}$ is adjusted appropriately according to the element size, it can help eliminate the mesh sensitivity drawback. To adjust an appropriate value for $ varepsilon sb{ rm tu}$, two models have been used: (a) crack band model, as a function of the fracture energy, mesh size and tensile strength of concrete, and (b) a new proposed model as a function of only the element size. The analytical results obtained using the different models are compared with the experimental results; the proposed model gives good agreement. The proposed formula is very simple and can be used for both square and non-square elements.<br>The effect of steel reinforcement details on the general behaviour of the structure and its mode of failure, the criterion for using the rotating crack model versus the fixed crack model, and the importance of compressive strength degradation in the post-crack regime are established using detailed analysis of five shear panels tested by Vecchio and Collins (1982). The effect of a sudden drop of the stress after the tensile strength of concrete has been exceeded on the load-deflection response, the ductility ratio and the crack pattern for two high strength concrete beams are also examined. Further analyses of a squat shear wall and a shear panel are carried out to examine the reliability of the computer program HODA developed in this study for analysis of concrete structures under both monotonic and reversed cyclic loads.<br>Complete response of three structural walls in a low-rise building is studied under monotonically increasing loads until failure using the nonlinear finite elements program HODA. The influence of the tension-stiffening, steel strain-hardening on the load-deflection response and the ultimate load are studied for the case of the rectangular wall. The influence of smeared steel idealization and bar elements idealization on the wall response are also investigated. The ultimate loads of walls are compared with the values calculated using the current CSA Standard CAN3-A23.3-M84. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Dawkins, Jeremy James. "Influence of crystallographic orientation in normal and sliding contacts." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24713.

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Rinaldi, Elisa. "3D Finite Element Analysis of Wheel/Rail normal contact problem using ANSYS software." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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La meccanica del contatto fra ruota ferroviaria e rotaia, è una delle più importanti aree di studio nell’Ingegneria Ferroviaria. Ad oggi, un vasto numero di formulazioni analitiche sono state proposte dai ricercatori, con lo scopo di valutare i parametri di contatto tra ruota e rotaia ed arrivare ad una descrizione affidabile delle forze che agiscono nell’area di contatto. Comunque, solo alcuni dei metodi disponibili permettono di considerare, nelle loro elaborazioni, la reale geometria di contatto tra ruota e rotaia o la non linearità delle proprietà dei materiali impiegati. Un’alternativa ai metodi analitici per descrivere la fisica del contatto tra ruota e rotaia e di fare uso di tecniche computazionali numeriche quale l’Analisi agli Elementi Finiti (FEA – Finite Element Analysis). Il vantaggio di questo metodo è dato dalla possibilità di poter modellare complesse geometrie che permettono di simulare più accuratamente il contatto tra ruota e rotaia e determinare l’ampiezza degli stress e la loro distribuzione, oltre alla dimensione e forma dell’area di contatto. Per questa ragione, un modello agli Elementi Finiti tridimensionale della ruota ferroviaria e della rotaia è stato creato utilizzando Ansys Parametric Design Language di ANSYS per studiare il problema di contatto normale. Per verificare l’accuratezza dei risultati forniti dal modello, questo è stato validato in confronto alla teoria di Hertz sul contatto elastico. Questa teoria rappresenta la base sulla quale la maggior parte dei modelli computazionali vengono sviluppati. Il principali scopi di questa tesi sono quindi di studiare i problemi del contatto tra ruota e rotaia e di valutare l’influenza dei parametri operativi quali il coefficiente di frizione, lo spostamento laterale della sala montata e l’inclinazione della rotaia sul piano orizzontale, sulla fisica del contatto.
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Krueger, Denise A. "Stabilized Finite Element Methods for Feedback Control of Convection Diffusion Equations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11214.

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We study the behavior of numerical stabilization schemes in the context of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control problems for convection diffusion equations. The motivation for this effort comes from the observation that when linearization is applied to fluid flow control problems the resulting equations have the form of a convection diffusion equation. This effort is focused on the specific problem of computing the feedback functional gains that are the kernels of the feedback operators defined by solutions of operator Riccati equations. We develop a stabilization scheme based on the Galerkin Least Squares (GLS) method and compare this scheme to the standard Galerkin finite element method. We use cubic B-splines in order to keep the higher order terms that occur in GLS formulation. We conduct a careful numerical investigation into the convergence and accuracy of the functional gains computed using stabilization. We also conduct numerical studies of the role that the stabilization parameter plays in this convergence. Overall, we discovered that stabilization produces much better approximations to the functional gains on coarse meshes than the unstabilized method and that adjustments in the stabilization parameter greatly effects the accuracy and convergence rates. We discovered that the optimal stabilization parameter for simulation and steady state analysis is not necessarily optimal for solving the Riccati equation that defines the functional gains. Finally, we suggest that the stabilized GLS method might provide good initial values for iterative schemes on coarse meshes.<br>Ph. D.
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Tang, Kok Cheong. "Finite element analysis of elastic-plastic coated surfaces under normal indentation by a deformable indenter." Thesis, University of Salford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245060.

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Jasevičius, Raimondas. "The Numerical Modelling of Normal Interaction of Ultrafine Particles." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20110224_161120-06365.

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Recently, powders of the size d (0.1 μm < d < 10 μm) have been referred to ultrafine particles. The particle shape considered is assumed to be a sphere of the diameter d. The handling of powders is of great importance for processing of pharmaceuticals, cement, chemicals and other products. Most of these technological processes involve powder compaction, storage, transportation, mixing, etc, therefore, understanding of the fundamentals of particles interaction behaviour is very essential in the design of machines and equipment as well as in powder technology, cleaning of environment and other areas. The dynamic behaviour of particulate systems is very complicated due to the complex interactions between individual particles and their interaction with the surroundings. Understanding the underlying mechanisms can be effectively achieved via particle scale research. The problem of a normal contact may be resolved in a number of ways. In spite of huge progress in experimental techniques, direct lab tests with individual particles are still rather time-consuming and expensive. The interaction of particles as solid bodies is actually a classical problem of contact mechanics. In the case of ultrafine particles, the reduction of the particle size shifts the contact zones into the nanoscale or subnanoscale. Thus, steadily increasing contribution of adhesion has to be considered in the development of the physically correct constitutive models and numerical tools. Consequently, it may... [to full text]<br>Ultrasmulkios dalelės yra šiuolaikinės chemijos, farmacijos, maisto ir kitų pramonės šakų produktų sudėtinė dalis. Tiriant pramoninius technologinius procesus, neišvengiamai reikalingos teorinės žinios apie ultrasmulkių dalelių elgseną. Išsamus supratimas įmanomas tik atlikus įvairius tyrimus. Pastaruoju metu milteliai, klasifikuojami kaip ultrasmulkios (0,1 < d < 10 μm) dalelės, imti plačiai naudoti pramoniniuose procesuose, todėl suprasti ultrasmulkių dalelių elgsenos fundamentalumą miltelių technologijoje yra labai svarbu. Ultrasmulki dalelė yra itin maža, todėl su ja atlikti fizinį eksperimentą, kuris reikalauja specialios įrangos bei žinių, labai sunku. Tokiu atveju dažniausiai naudojamas skaitinis eksperimentas, kurį galima atlikti virtualiai. Skaitinio eksperimento metu yra tiriamos dinaminės ultrasmulkios dalelės savybės bei sprendžiamas dinaminis uždavinys. Taikant skaitinius modelius bei dalelės judėjimą aprašančias jėgų lygtis, naudojami sąveikos modeliai, apimantys adhezinę, klampią, tamprią bei tampriai plastinę sąveikas. Mikroskopinis adhezinės sąveikos modeliavimas – aktualus mechanikos mokslo uždavinys. Taikant sąveikos modelius, svarbu pritaikyti ir diskrečiųjų elementų metodą, kadangi, norint aprašyti dalelių elgseną, visų pirma reikia su-vokti ir aprašyti dalelės modelį. Dalelės elgsenos skaitiniam modeliavimui siūlomi teoriniai modeliai leidžia tirti dalelės sąveiką su dalele ar tampria puserdve bei sąveikos dinamiką. Šie modeliai galėtų būti pritaikyti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Battula, Suneel Ranga Sai. "Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Pullout Strength of Self-tapping Bone Screws in Normal and Osteoporotic Bone." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1194988102.

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Doh, Jeung-Hwan, and n/a. "Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Normal and High Strength Concrete Wall Panels." Griffith University. School of Engineering, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030605.114125.

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The wall design equations available in major codes of practice (e.g. AS3600 and ACI318) are intended for the design of normal strength concrete load bearing walls supported at top and bottom only. These codes fail to recognise any contribution to load capacity from restraints on the side edges. They also fail to give guidance on the applicability of the equations to high strength concrete. Further, they do not consider slender walls. In many situations walls have side edges restrained and are composed of high strength concrete with high slenderness ratios. The recognition of these factors in the codes would result in thinner walls and consequently savings in construction costs. In this thesis, the focus is on the development of a design formula and new design methods for axially loaded reinforced concrete wall panels. The design of walls having side restraints and being composed of high strength concrete is given particular attention. An experimental program has been undertaken to obtain data for the derivation of applicable formulae and to verify the analytical methods developed herein. Note that, the test results and other data available in published literature have also been used to develop the design formula. The formula encompasses effective length, eccentricity and slenderness ratio factors and is proposed for normal and high strength concrete walls simply supported at top and bottom only (one-way) and simply supported on all four sides (two-way). The major portion of the experimental program focuses on a series of normal and high strength concrete walls simply supported at top and bottom only (one-way), and simply supported on all four sides (two-way) with eccentric axial loading. The behaviour of the test panels is noted, particularly the difference between the normal and high strength concrete panels. A Layer Finite Element Method (LFEM) is used as an analytical tool for walls in two-way action. The LFEM gives comparable results to the test data and the proposed design formula. As part of the research, a program named WASTABT has also been developed to implement a more accurate analytical method involving the instability analysis of two-way action walls. WASTABT is proven to be a useful design tool in situations where the walls have (i) various reinforcement ratio in one or two layers; (ii) composed of normal or high strength concrete; (iii) various eccentricity.
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Henriksson, Felix, and Joanna Minta. "Bucket-soil interaction for wheel loaders : An application of the Discrete Element Method." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53357.

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Wheel loaders are fundamental construction equipment to assist handling of bulk material e.g. gravel and stones. During digging operations, it withstands forces that are both large and very complicated to predict. Moreover, it is very expensive to develop prototypes of wheel loader for verification. Consequently, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) was introduced for gravel modeling a couple of years ago to enable prediction of these forces. The gravel model is connected with a Multibody System (MBS) model of the wheel loader, in this thesis a Volvo L180G. The co-simulation of these two systems is a very computer intensive operation and hence, it is important to investigate which parameters that have the largest influence on the simulation results. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the simulation sensitivity with respect to co-simulation communication interval, collision detection interval and gravel normal stiffness.The simulation results are verified by comparison with measurement data from previous tests performed by Volvo CE. The simulations are compared to investigate the relevant parameters. The conclusion of this thesis is that DEM is a method that in a very good way can predict the draft forces during digging operations.
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Books on the topic "Normal element"

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Nasir, Chaudhry Muhammad Amin. Normal elements and factorization in finite fields. Brunel University, 1994.

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Hachenberger, Dirk. Finite Fields: Normal Bases and Completely Free Elements. Springer US, 1997.

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Hachenberger, Dirk. Finite fields: Normal bases and completely free elements. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

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Prácticas y políticas lingüísticas: Nuevas variedades, normas, actitudes y perspectivas. Iberoamericana, 2014.

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Vanoeteren, C. Critical evaluation of normal levels of major and trace elements in human lung tissue. Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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Ruiz, José Luis Ordóñez. Todo sobre la administración de condominios: Normas y elementos fundamentales. 3rd ed. Procuraduría Social, 1996.

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Privitera, Joseph Frederic. Language as historical determinant: The Normans in Sicily, 1061-1200. American International Book Development Council, 1995.

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Norma elementorum: Studien zum naturphilosophischen und politischen Ordnun[g]sdenken des ausgehenden Mittelalters. Steiner, 1994.

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Peterman, Alexander L. Elements of civil government: A text-book for use in public schools, high schools and normal schools and a manual of reference for teachers. Dodo Press, 2009.

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Ernst & Young. Normas contables adecuadas: Decreto no. 162/04 y NICs : los elementos básicos para una adecuada presentación de estados contables. Ernst & Young, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Normal element"

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Peter, Simon, Alexander Grundler, Pascal Reuss, Lothar Gaul, and Remco I. Leine. "Towards Finite Element Model Updating Based on Nonlinear Normal Modes." In Nonlinear Dynamics, Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15221-9_20.

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Kamalanand, K., S. Srinivasan, and S. Ramakrishnan. "Analysis of Normal and Atherosclerotic Blood Vessels Using 2D Finite Element Models." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21729-6_105.

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Konishi, Nobuo. "Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis for Stress Distribution in Normal and Dysplastic Hips." In Hip Biomechanics. Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68237-0_1.

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Cohn, P. M. "Normal forms of matrices." In Elements of Linear Algebra. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3286-0_9.

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Xu, Wenxuan, Shusen Cheng, and Guolei Zhao. "Influence of Operation Conditions on Normal Stress and Flow Pattern of Burden Materials in Blast Furnace Based on Discrete Element Method." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2017. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_75.

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Bruhns, Otto, and Theodor Lehmann. "Stab-Biegung mit Normal- und Querkraft." In Elemente der Mechanik II. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89548-6_4.

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Patel, Sudi, Colin Ferrier, and Jeff Plaskow. "Effect of Systemic Ingestion of Vitamin and Trace Element Dietry Supplements on the Stability of the Pre-Corneal Tear Film in Normal Subjects." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2417-5_48.

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Styles, Vanessa, and James Van Yperen. "Finite Element Approximation of a System Coupling Curve Evolution with Prescribed Normal Contact to a Fixed Boundary to Reaction-Diffusion on the Curve." In Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55874-1_121.

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Wu, T. W., A. F. Seybert, and G. C. Wan. "Numerical Implementation of a Normal Derivative Integral Equation in Acoustics." In Boundary Elements XIII. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3696-9_82.

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Callejón-Leblic, M. A., and Pedro C. Miranda. "A Computational Parcellated Brain Model for Electric Field Analysis in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_5.

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AbstractRecent years have seen the use of increasingly realistic electric field (EF) models to further our knowledge of the bioelectric basis of noninvasive brain techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Such models predict a poor spatial resolution of tDCS, showing a non-focal EF distribution with similar or even higher magnitude values far from the presumed targeted regions, thus bringing into doubt the classical criteria for electrode positioning. In addition to magnitude, the orientation of the EF over selected neural targets is thought to play a key role in the neuromodulation response. This chapter offers a summary of recent works which have studied the effect of simulated EF magnitude and orientation in tDCS, as well as providing new results derived from an anatomically representative parcellated brain model based on finite element method (FEM). The results include estimates of mean and peak tangential and normal EF values over different cortical regions and for various electrode montages typically used in clinical applications.
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Conference papers on the topic "Normal element"

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Harris, Michael D., Andrew E. Anderson, Benjamin J. Ellis, et al. "Finite Element Predictions of Cartilage Mechanics in Normal Hips." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206487.

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Abnormal loading of hip joint articular cartilage is thought to be the primary cause of hip osteoarthritis (OA). This can occur due to anatomical pathologies such as dysplasia and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Computational methods (e.g., the finite element (FE) method) may be able to predict patient-specific cartilage mechanics using non- or minimally invasive methods. We have shown that a subject-specific finite element model can predict contact pressures that agree well with experimental data [1]. As a necessary precursor to analyzing the contact mechanics of pathological hips, the objective of this study was to quantify variations in the magnitude and spatial distribution of cartilage contact pressures in normal hips using FE models of human volunteers with no history of hip disease.
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Le Letty, Claeyssen, Gonnard, and Hamonic. "Combined finite element-normal mode expansion methods for ultrasonic motor modeling." In Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium ULTSYM-94. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1994.401644.

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Parvizian, J., R. Fenner, J. Parvizian, and R. Fenner. "On shape optimization by the boundary element method using normal growth approach." In 38th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-1358.

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Wang, Wei, Qiang Tang, Xiaodong Xu, and Shuiqing Gong. "Finite Element Analysis of Normal Contact Stiffness between Real Rough Surfaces Based on ANSYS." In 2012 Fourth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2012.156.

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Owen, John R., and Jennifer S. Wayne. "Finite Element Modeling of Repair Cartilage Beneath a Protective Layer." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42923.

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Significant efforts are being devoted to the creation of replacement tissue for repair of defects in articular surfaces. Some success has been realized; yet, the normal zonal characterstics of articular cartilage throughout its thickness and normal material properties have not been reproduced in vitro in scaffolds nor in vivo in repairing defects. The fate of such transplanted scaffolds in vivo may be doomed mechanically from the outset if material properties of sufficient quality are not developed. The superficial tangential zone (STZ) has been shown to play a critical role in supporting axial loads and retaining fluids (Glazer and Putz, 2002, Torzilli, et al, 1983, Torzilli, 1993). Previous models have demonstrated excessive axial deformation of repair cartilage without the STZ (Smith, et al 2001, Wayne, et al, 1991) Additionally, modeling the STZ of normal cartilage as transversely isotropic has yielded better agreement with indentation experimental results than isotropic models (Korhonen, et al, 2002, Mow, et al, 2000, Cohen, et al, 1993). This study uses finite element analysis to model the STZ with a preferred direction parallel to the articulating surface, thereby simulating a “split-line” direction. The in-plane directions are modeled normal to the “split-line” direction and the articulating surface. Normal and repairing defects are modeled with the importance of the STZ emphasized.
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Slaitas, Justas, and Juozas Valivonis. "Crack parameters in normal section of FRP strengthened RC elements." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.028.

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Contrary to existing studies, this paper presents a prediction model of crack parameters in normal section of FRP strengthened RC elements neglecting crack spacing. A relation between normal crack width, depth and strains in the level of FRP reinforcement, established by Slaitas et al. (Slaitas, Daugevičius, Valivonis, &amp; Grigorjeva, 2018a) and Jokūbaitis et al. (Jokūbaitis &amp; Juknevičius, 2013; Jokūbaitis, Juknevičius, &amp; Šalna, 2013), allowed authors to describe the full development of the crack up to the element failure. Numerical results are compared with experimental ones from the tests of 9 RC beams, strengthened with externally bonded and near surface mounted FRP reinforcements.
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Ehrhardt, David A., Matthew S. Allen, and Robert J. Kuether. "Nonlinear Normal Modes in Finite Element Model Validation of Geometrically Nonlinear Flat and Curved Beams." In 56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0689.

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Kodiyalam, Sanjay, Michael D. Roberts, Ian A. Sigal, Richard T. Hart, Claude F. Burgoyne, and J. Crawford Downs. "Large Scale Voxel-Based Finite Element Modeling of Normal and Early Glaucomatous Monkey Lamina Cribrosa." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192984.

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Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Some of the chief clinical hallmarks of glaucoma are the permanent posterior cupping of the optic nerve head, in the posterior pole of the eye, and the accompanying damage to the lamina cribrosa — the fenestrated structure of connective tissue spanning the scleral canal that provides structural support to the axon bundles passing through it. While elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is associated with this disease, its role remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that IOP-related stress and strain within the laminar connective tissue (LCT) underlie the onset and progression of glaucoma [1] and that they may be used to predict the location of axonal insult and the pattern of damage within the LCT.
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Wang, Dao-Lian, Chuan-Jun Liao, Bin Situ, and Jing Liu. "Finite Element Analyses and Experimental Study about Normal and Low Temperature Properties of Cryogenic COPV." In 4th 2016 International Conference on Material Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2016). Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmse-16.2016.52.

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Teo, Soo Kng, Kim Parker, and K. H. Chiam. "Viscoelastic Finite-Element Modelling of Cell Deformation in an Optical Stretcher." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176085.

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In this paper, we discuss the results arising from using a finite-element model [1] of cell deformation to study the optical stretching [2,3] of normal and malignantly transformed fibroblast cells. The key feature of our model is the use of a constitutive viscoelastic fluid element [4] whose parameters are both spatially and temporally varying so as to mimic the experimentally-observed spatiotemporal heterogeneity of cellular material properties. First, we show that normal fibroblast cells can undergo active cellular response by increasing their cellular viscosity when optically stretched for loading times of between 0.2s and 2.5s. Second, we show that, under similar optical conditions, cells of a smaller radius will experience more stretching compared to cells of a larger radius. This may explain why malignantly transformed cells experience higher strains than normal cells. Third, we compute the extent of the propagation of stress in the cytoplasm, and show that, for malignantly transformed cells, the maximal stress does propagate into the nuclear region whereas for normal cells, the maximal stress does not. We discuss how this may impact the transduction of cancer signalling pathways.
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Reports on the topic "Normal element"

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Slater, C. O., and J. A. Bucholz. Global shielding analysis for the three-element core advanced neutron source reactor under normal operating conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/103089.

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Sanchez, L. C., and M. L. Hudson. Determination of effective thermal conductivities for a full-scale mock-up of a 217-element breeder reactor fuel assembly subjected to normal shipping conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7039593.

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Yan, Yujie, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Roesler, Jeffery, Roberto Montemayor, John DeSantis, and Prakhar Gupta. Evaluation of Premature Cracking in Urban Concrete Pavement. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-001.

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This study investigated the causes for premature, transverse cracking on urban jointed plain concrete pavements in Illinois. A field survey of 67 sections throughout Illinois coupled with ultrasonic evaluation was completed to synthesize the extent of premature cracking on urban JPCP. The visual survey showed some transverse and longitudinal cracks were a result of improper slab geometry (excessive slab length and width). Ultrasonic tests over the contraction joints determined some notched joints had not activated and adjacent transverse cracks were likely formed as a result. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses confirmed that cracking would not develop as a result of normal environmental factors and slab-base frictional restraint. The concrete mixture also did not appear to be a contributing factor to the premature cracks. Finally, the lack of lubrication on dowel bars was determined to potentially be a primary mechanism that could restrain the transverse contraction joints, produce excessive tensile stresses in the slab, and cause premature transverse cracks to develop.
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Hopkins, P. L., R. R. Eaton, and N. E. Bixler. NORIA-SP: A finite element computer program for analyzing liquid water transport in porous media; Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/140757.

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Newberry, R. J., and S. A. Haug. CIPW Norm, trace element, and Sr isotopic data for igneous rocks of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle and vicinity. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1780.

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Jiménez, Juan Pablo, Leonardo Letelier, Ignacio Ruelas, and Jaime Bonet-Morón. Reglas fiscales subnacionales: Revisión empírica, experiencias internacionales y sus desafíos en la nueva institucionalidad fiscal post COVID. Banco de la República, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.300.

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Durante las últimas dos décadas, la utilización de reglas fiscales ha tenido un aumento significativo alrededor del mundo. Si bien la evidencia internacional ha destacado algunos beneficios a partir de su implementación, las experiencias de América Latina en la puesta en marcha y los resultados han sido heterogéneos. Esas reglas fiscales inicialmente cobijaban a los gobiernos nacionales, pero luego se fueron ampliando a los subnacionales, en parte porque los procesos de descentralización fiscal fueron entregando más responsabilidades en materia de ingreso y gasto público a los gobiernos subnacionales. La revisión de las experiencias internacionales en esta materia provee lecciones de política importantes para futuros cambios en las normas de responsabilidad fiscal nacional y subnacional en los países, en especial ante las condiciones que ha impuesto al sector público la pandemia del COVID-19. Este documento hace una revisión exhaustiva de la evolución de las reglas fiscales subnacionales alrededor del mundo, identificando los principales factores que contribuyen al éxito o fracaso de estas. Además, permite identificar los elementos clave en una posible agenda de reforma ante las fallas en las reglas fiscales que ha visibilizado la actual pandemia.
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Amaya Amaya, Mónica, Gigliola Moranti Sánchez, and Anyela Castaño. Propuesta para el fortalecimiento del currículo del Programa de Tecnología en Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia desarrollando un enfoque en cultura de seguridad del paciente para el periodo académico 2019-. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecisa.4865.

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Desarrollar el fortalecimiento del currículo del Programa de Tecnología en Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas al fomentar un enfoque en cultura de seguridad del paciente de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia 2019-2021, a través del diseño de un curso o una asignatura que permita la apropiación de competencias por parte de los estudiosos para desempeñarse en el sistema de prestación de servicios de salud colombiano, es un ejercicio que implica la recopilación de la estructura de los programas ofertados en el país y algunos referentes nacionales en aras de permitir la configuración de escenarios modernos que permitan la creación de nuevas unidades de competencias partiendo de las normas ya establecidas en el país, por parte de la comisión de talento humano en salud. Al mismo tiempo, se busca evaluar el grado de apropiación de los estudiantes frente a los temas del Programa de Tecnología en Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas con respecto a la cultura de seguridad del paciente, con el fin de visibilizar la situación actual y la inminente necesidad de fortalecer el currículo con elementos que permitan un mejor desarrollo de los estudiantes en sus campos de desempeño.
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Del Viejo, Juan, Ramón García, Manuel Rodriguez Porcel, Alejandro Rojas, and José Luis Villa Martínez. Retos y desafíos en cadenas de suministro en Republica Dominicana por efecto del COVID-19. Edited by Óscar Mauricio Beltrán Real and María de Lourdes Núñez. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003308.

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Este documento hace parte de una serie de iniciativas impulsadas por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) para aportar herramientas e instrumentos que le sirvan al sector logístico de República Dominicana (RD) a la definición de estrategias de resiliencia ante las consecuencias económicas que sufrió el sector por cuenta de la emergencia de salud que se vive a nivel mundial por el COVID-19. La propagación de la pandemia, obligó a las autoridades a tomar una serie de medidas que provocaron en República Dominicana una caída drástica del turismo por la falta de vuelos comerciales, así como una disminución en la demanda de productos no esenciales y esenciales que antes eran demandados en gran proporción por este sector. A lo anterior se sumaron situaciones específicas que impactaron el normal comportamiento de las cadenas de suministro, como: la interrupción de las exportaciones que empleaban los vuelos comerciales; los retrasos en las gestiones aduaneras; el aprovisionamiento masivo por la población de elementos de protección personal para evitar el contagio; el desabastecimiento inicial y la subida del precio del material sanitario de protección individual; el cambio de hábitos de comportamiento para evitar el contacto físico, directo o indirecto, con otras personas; el incremento del comercio online, tanto nacional como internacional; la suspensión de empleos por la falta de actividad en muchos sectores, especialmente en los no esenciales; y en general la caída de la actividad económica. Ante esta situación, en este documento se presenta una diagramación de las principales cadenas de suministro de productos esenciales, en estado de normalidad, identificando actores, tiempos y costos; de tal forma que sirvan al estado dominicano como insumo para la definición de estrategias de seguridad nacional, ante situaciones como las vividas con la pandemia.
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Crispin, Darla. Artistic Research as a Process of Unfolding. Norges Musikkhøgskole, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.503395.

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As artistic research work in various disciplines and national contexts continues to develop, the diversity of approaches to the field becomes ever more apparent. This is to be welcomed, because it keeps alive ideas of plurality and complexity at a particular time in history when the gross oversimplifications and obfuscations of political discourses are compromising the nature of language itself, leading to what several commentators have already called ‘a post-truth’ world. In this brutal environment where ‘information’ is uncoupled from reality and validated only by how loudly and often it is voiced, the artist researcher has a responsibility that goes beyond the confines of our discipline to articulate the truth-content of his or her artistic practice. To do this, they must embrace daring and risk-taking, finding ways of communicating that flow against the current norms. In artistic research, the empathic communication of information and experience – and not merely the ‘verbally empathic’ – is a sign of research transferability, a marker for research content. But this, in some circles, is still a heretical point of view. Research, in its more traditional manifestations mistrusts empathy and individually-incarnated human experience; the researcher, although a sentient being in the world, is expected to behave dispassionately in their professional discourse, and with a distrust for insights that come primarily from instinct. For the construction of empathic systems in which to study and research, our structures still need to change. So, we need to work toward a new world (one that is still not our idea), a world that is symptomatic of what we might like artistic research to be. Risk is one of the elements that helps us to make the conceptual twist that turns subjective, reflexive experience into transpersonal, empathic communication and/or scientifically-viable modes of exchange. It gives us something to work with in engaging with debates because it means that something is at stake. To propose a space where such risks may be taken, I shall revisit Gillian Rose’s metaphor of ‘the fold’ that I analysed in the first Symposium presented by the Arne Nordheim Centre for Artistic Research (NordART) at the Norwegian Academy of Music in November 2015. I shall deepen the exploration of the process of ‘unfolding’, elaborating on my belief in its appropriateness for artistic research work; I shall further suggest that Rose’s metaphor provides a way to bridge some of the gaps of understanding that have already developed between those undertaking artistic research and those working in the more established music disciplines.
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