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1
Olugbenga, M. A., Damilola Adelana, Adesua Ogedegbe, et al. "Effect of Clomiphene Citrate on Some Reproductive Organs (Uterus, Vagina, Uterine Wall and Ovary) of Female Albino Rats with Regular Estrous Cycle." Research and Reviews: Neonatal and Pediatric Nursing 2, no. 1 (2024): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11083952.
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<em>The aim of this study is to show the effect of Clomiphene citrate on the Uterus, Vagina, Uterine wall, ovary and the histology of female wistar rats on regular estrous cycle. </em><em>A total of thirty (30) </em><em>10 weeks old</em><em> healthy female Wistar rats were purchased for the purpose of this study. Group 1(Control) were the animals in this group were not exposed to any experimental agent/drug. During the nine days of the trial, they had unrestricted access to food and clean water. Group 2's animals received 9 days straight of exposure to the test medication, clomiphene citrate 1 mg. </em><em>For </em><em>Group 3 the animals in this group were exposed to the test drug (Clomiphene citrate 2mg) for 9 consecutive days.</em><em> In </em><em>Group 4 the animals in this group were exposed to the test drug (Clomiphene citrate 5 mg) for 9 consecutive days.</em><em>Vaginal smears were obtained from all rats to determine whether they had regular cycles for three cycles before drug administration. This study shows the body weight for regular estrous cycle at day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 of control and test subjects in which of all the test groups none were found statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared with their respective control. In respect to the uterine wall, weight, there were non significant (p>0.05) changes in uterine wall, vagina and uterus weight from group B, group C and group D. Results of the present work showed that clomid induced many histological alterations in the ovary of rats in which Group B showed degenerating follicles, Group C showed enlarged graffian follicle, congested blood vessels and degenerated follicles while Group D showed enlarged graffian follicle, degenerated follicles and congested blood vessels. The histology of vagina for all test groups showed smooth inside layer, squamous epithelium and lamina propia. The histology of the uterus, shows normal histology with Myometrium, the endometrium and a small slit like lumen for control, For Group B, the histology of the uterus show simple columnar cells with basal oval nuclei. Group C Uterus histology show endometrial hyperplasia and pseudo-stratification and Group D uterus histology show stroma densely cellular (C), epithelial eosinophilic infiltrations with prominent eosinophilic brush borders of surface epithelial cells. </em>
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Katica, A., N. Mlaco, R. Avdic, et al. "Histology of uterus of Dubska pramenka during sexual season." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 30, no. 2 (2014): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1402225k.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina has always had a developed sheep production, at least from the aspect of the number of sheep per capita. Today, the ratio is 1 sheep per 4 persons, because the cattle production, globally looking, is decimated by war. Thanks to the geographic location of the country, the quality of mountain pastures and environment that is still healthy, we believe that with increased investments in sheep production we could increase the number of heads, which would have positive effects on production of meat and milk of exceptional quality. The study involving the uterus of Dubska pramenka during sexual season under nomadic conditions of holding, demonstrated that, in adequate zoo hygiene conditions (holding, feeding, treatment of animal), the sheep showed increased reproductive parameters as well as parameters manifested in meat and milk production. In our studies, microstructure of uterus of Dubska pramenka during sexual season shows extremely positive characteristics for nidation of the egg cell and normal development of the embryo. Epithelium of the uterus is in a form of high-prismatic cells, which points to significant cell activity; perfusion and development of myometrium are visible. The uterine glands are extremely well developed and their histological structure indicates increased secretion and preparation of the uterus for gravidity.
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Aleksandrovych, Veronika, Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka, Tomasz Bereza, et al. "The Autonomic Innervation and Uterine Telocyte Interplay in Leiomyoma Formation." Cell Transplantation 28, no. 5 (2019): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689719833303.
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The autonomic innervation of the uterus is involved in multiple pathophysiological processes in both humans and animals. Pathological conditions such as adenomyosis or inflammatory pelvic disease are usually accompanied by significant alterations in uterine innervation. In the current study, we focused on autonomic innervation of uterine fibroids, the identification of recently described interstitial cells, telocytes, and the possible interplay between these structures. In this work, uterine telocytes were identified by immunopositivity for c-kit, CD34, and PDGFRα. Nerves were revealed by immunolabeling for neuronal markers: protein gene product PGP 9.5, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The gross organization of myometrial tissue has been analyzed by routine histology. The results demonstrated that the density of iNOS and ChAT-immunopositive neurons in the uterine fibroids was higher than that in the control samples. The density of telocytes in the fibrosis foci was lower than that in the normal myometrium. Our results suggest that autonomic innervation and telocytes are involved in the microenvironment imbalance characteristic of uterine leiomyoma. Since NOS-positive nerves play an important role in oxidative stress modulation, they might lead to a decrease in the number of telocytes, which are crucial components in the pathogenesis of leiomyoma formation.
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Kalev-Altman, Rotem, Riley Hamilton, Wenceslao Martinez-Navarrete, Aleepta Guha Ray, Destini Wiseman, and Ada Weinstock. "Weight cycling alters the immune composition of reproductive tissues, worsening infertility in female mice." Journal of Immunology 212, no. 1_Supplement (2024): 1293_5188. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.212.supp.1293.5188.
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Abstract Obesity increases the risk of several comorbidities, such as infertility. While weight loss is highly recommended, maintaining a normal weight is typically unsuccessful, leading to weight regain (WR), which exacerbates inflammation and worsens comorbidities, compared to maintaining stable obesity, with reasons unknown. Hence, understanding the deleterious effects of WR holds great potential for decreasing the burden of metabolic diseases as well as infertility. Here, we hypothesized that WR has an adverse effect on female fertility compared to stable obesity. Females were fed high-fat diet for 14wks to establish obesity, then subjected to weight loss by reducing food intake by 30% for 2wks, followed by 3wks of free access to food to induce WR. Controls were age-matched mice that were freely fed high-fat diet without weight cycling. Females were assessed for immune composition of reproductive tissues or outcomes of mating with lean males. WR females showed lower pregnancy rate, smaller litter size and higher dystocia prevalence, resulting in in-uterus death of the fetuses, as compared to non-cycling females. Moreover, the uterus myometrium showed lipid accumulation only in WR females, suggesting a mechanism by which the fatty myometrium cannot contract properly leading to dystocia. In conclusion, weight cycling exacerbates obesity-related infertility. Further histology and flow cytometry analysis will determine whether and how immune cells in reproductive tissues are involved.
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Holdsworth-Carson, S. J., R. G. Craythorn, W. R. Winnall, et al. "Follistatin is essential for normal postnatal development and function of mouse oviduct and uterus." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 7 (2015): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd13372.
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Female mice lacking the follistatin gene but expressing a human follistatin-315 transgene (tghFST315) have reproductive abnormalities (reduced follicles, no corpora lutea and ovarian–uterine inflammation). We hypothesised that the absence of follistatin-288 causes the abnormal reproductive tract via both developmental abnormalities and abnormal ovarian activity. We characterised the morphology of oviducts and uteri in wild type (WT), tghFST315 and follistatin-knockout mice expressing human follistatin-288 (tghFST288). The oviducts and uteri were examined in postnatal Day-0 and adult mice (WT and tghFST315 only) using histology and immunohistochemistry. Adult WT and tghFST315 mice were ovariectomised and treated with vehicle, oestradiol-17β (100 ng injection, dissection 24 h later) or progesterone (1 mg × three daily injections, dissection 24 h later). No differences were observed in the oviducts or uteri at birth, but abnormalities developed by adulthood. Oviducts of tghFST315 mice failed to coil, the myometrium was disorganised, endometrial gland number was reduced and oviducts and uteri contained abundant leukocytes. After ovariectomy, tghFST315 mice had altered uterine cell proliferation, and inflammation was maintained and exacerbated by oestrogen. These studies show that follistatin is crucial to postnatal oviductal–uterine development and function. Further studies differentiating the role of ovarian versus oviductal–uterine follistatin in reproductive tract function at different developmental stages are warranted.
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Marino, Gabriele, Cecilia Vullo, Stefania Di Giorgio, Antonina Zanghì, Giuseppe Catone, and Alessandra Sfacteria. "Hyperplastic and atrophic changes in the genital tract of a female cat following repeated treatment with deslorelin acetate – a case report." Acta Veterinaria Brno 90, no. 2 (2021): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202190020207.
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This study aimed to investigate the morphological patterns of the genital tract after long-term treatment of deslorelin acetate in a female cat, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist currently used in adult cats to obtain transient oestrus suppression. A 1-year-old Chartreux female cat was treated with 4.7 mg deslorelin acetate to suppress oestrus manifestations. The treatment was repeated for a total of × 3 every 2 years. After 8 years, the female cat came into oestrus again, but she was no more implanted, and an ovariohysterectomy was performed. Before surgery, an ultrasound examination was performed that showed a normal uterus and the presence of about 5 follicles in ovaries. Concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone, and vaginal smears were compatible with oestrus. During surgery, a very short ovarian pedicle was observed yet neither uterus nor ovaries presented appreciable alterations. At histology, the ovaries presented a juvenile appearance with numerous primordial and periovulatory follicles. The uterus showed marked endometrial hyperplasia with polypoid projection and atrophic myometrium. Based on this case report, deslorelin acetate is a powerful drug able to preserve ovarian function. However, the suppression of gonadotrophin, especially for a long period, has a detrimental atrophic effect on the target organs during treatment and, on the opposite, hyperplastic changes may occur after the restoring of normal cyclicity.
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Yerembede, Ephron E., James O. Adisa, Solomon M. Gamde, David O. Ishola, Gloria H. Dachollom, and Khadija M. Mohammed. "Histological study on the protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on indomethacin-induced degenerated testes and uterus in albino rat." Perspectives in Medical Research 11, no. 3 (2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1103.06.
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Abstract Background: Indomethacin has analgesic and antipyretic properties. It is a common treatment for pain and rheumatoid diseases, but it has many side effects. We speculate that the natural antioxidants of Moringa oleifera could be a remedy for the long list of side effects. This study aimed to determine the possible protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the indomethacin-induced degenerated testes and uterus in albino rat. Methods: Forty-eight white albino rats were assigned randomly into six groups consisting of eight rats. Group, I was the Normal control. Group II was animals induced with indomethacin but not treated. Group III was dosed with 500 mg/kg Moringa oleifera leaf extract while Groups IV-VI were induced with indomethacin and treated with 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg Moringa oleifera leaf extract respectively for 28 days. Animals were euthanized after the treatment period. The uterus and testes were excised and processed using the paraffin wax method and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Results: Animals exposed to indomethacin became drowsy and lethargic with deep red teary eyes. The first mortality was recorded among animals administered with indomethacin without treatment. Histopathology of the testes showed that indomethacin caused degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and diminished the spermatozoa. The histology of the uterus was distorted, the endometrium and myometrium layers of the uterus were disintegrated. However, animals treated with Moringa oleifera showed dose-related improvements in the histology of the testes and uterus compared to the control group. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaf extract improved the histology of indomethacin-induced toxicity of the testes and uterine in white albino rats.
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Kajihara, T., Y. Tomioka, T. Hata, M. Ghazizadeh, and G. Asano. "Synthesis of endothelin-1 in rat uterus during pregnancy." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 9 (1996): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.9.8773560.
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Endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide first isolated from the supernatant of cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in rat uterus during pregnancy and to clarify its role in normal pregnancy. ET-1, as recognized by immunohistochemistry, was weakly expressed only in endometrial glandular cells in nonpregnant rats but was intensely expressed in both glandular and myometrial cells in the early postpartum period. In situ hybridization confirmed the localization of prepro-ET-1 mRNA in the cytoplasm of endometrial glandular and myometrial cells but not in stromal cells or in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. Northern blot analysis detected prepro-ET-1 mRNA in myometrial tissue from pregnant but not nonpregnant rats. In particular, the expression of prepro-ET-1 mRNA was strongest in the early postpartum period compared with the various stages of pregnancy. These results indicate that, in addition to endothelial cells and endometrial glandular cells, myometrial cells also produce ET-1 and its production significantly increases in the early postpartum period. Therefore, ET-1 may play a pivotal role in controlling bleeding from the placental bed through myometrial contraction.
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Setyawati, Iriani, Ni Nyoman Wirasiti, and Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma Yuni. "Potential of Calliandra calothyrsus Leaf Extract to Maintain Estrogen Concentration and Uterine Thickness in Rats." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 13, no. 2 (2021): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i2.31063.
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Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. leaf extract is potential as phytoestrogens. It influenced male mice reproduction, rat estrous cycle, and ovarian histology in previous study. This research aimed to prove the C. calothyrsus leaf extract potential as phytoestrogen source and the effect on endometrial thickness where the embryo implantation take place in early pregnancy. This study used a Completely Randomized Design used 54 days old female rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats were divided into K as control group (treated with 0.5% Na-CMC as placebo) and P1, P2, and P3 as three groups with C. calothyrsus leaf extract administration with doses of 17.5; 35; and 70 mg/ kg bw respectively. Treatments were given 1 ml/rat/day orally for 20 days. At day 21st, animals were euthanized to collect blood samples for estrogen hormone analysis. After the dissection, all uterus were collected and weighed. Histological preparation was done with paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The effective dose was 70 mg/ kg bw that did not decrease the weight of the uterus and the body. This dose even maintained the normal diameter and thickness of uterine walls (endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium layers) like control rats. The extract in this study could increase estrogen concentration in female rats. This research novelty is that C. calothyrsus leaf extract (70 mg/ kg bw) can be used as an alternative herbal suplement to maintain uterine wall thickness and estrogen concentration in productive women. With further clinical research, this extract is a good candidate as potential estrogen source to overcome women infertility or pregnancy difficulties due to problem of endometrial thickness and lack of endogenous estrogen.
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Lombaers, Marike S., Karlijn M. C. Cornel, Nicole C. M. Visser, et al. "Preoperative CA125 Significantly Improves Risk Stratification in High-Grade Endometrial Cancer." Cancers 15, no. 9 (2023): 2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15092605.
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Patients with high-grade endometrial carcinoma (EC) have an increased risk of tumor spread and lymph node metastasis (LNM). Preoperative imaging and CA125 can be used in work-up. As data on cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in high-grade EC are limited, we aimed to study primarily the predictive value of CA125, and secondarily the contributive value of computed tomography (CT) for advanced stage and LNM. Patients with high-grade EC (n = 333) and available preoperative CA125 were included retrospectively. The association of CA125 and CT findings with LNM was analyzed by logistic regression. Elevated CA125 ((>35 U/mL), (35.2% (68/193)) was significantly associated with stage III-IV disease (60.3% (41/68)) compared with normal CA125 (20.8% (26/125), [p < 0.001]), and with reduced disease-specific—(DSS) (p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001). The overall accuracy of predicting LNM by CT resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.623 (p < 0.001) independent of CA125. Stratification by CA125 resulted in an AUC of 0.484 (normal), and 0.660 (elevated). In multivariate analysis elevated CA125, non-endometrioid histology, pathological deep myometrial invasion ≥50%, and cervical involvement were significant predictors of LNM, whereas suspected LNM on CT was not. This shows that elevated CA125 is a relevant independent predictor of advanced stage and outcome specifically in high-grade EC.
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Moon, Jung Joo, and Daniel D. Mais. "Retroperitoneal lipo-leiomyomata in a woman with history of breast cancer and antiestrogen therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): e22542-e22542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e22542.
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e22542 Background: Retroperitoneal lipo-leiomyomata are extremely rare. The usual-type retroperitoneal leiomyoma is itself a rare tumor that is mistaken preoperatively for malignant retroperitoneal tumors or thought of as an exophytic subserosal leiomyoma of the uterus. Lipo-leiomyoma is a variant of leiomyoma with an incidence in uterus ranging between 0.03% - 0.2%, but its presentation as a retroperitoneal mass has not been documented in literature yet. We present a unique case of retroperitoneal lipo-leiomyoma that presented as a diagnostic challenge due to its unique location and unusual histologic appearance. Methods: A 68-year-old female patient with a history of breast cancer diagnosed 4 years ago, currently on antiestrogen therapy (Fulvestrant) and Herceptin, presented to our university hospital with symptomatic left pelvic mass. An abdominal CT showed a heterogeneous low-density pelvic mass with foci of internal calcification and fat with surrounding intermixed intermediate and high density fluid in the expected location of the uterus. Results: A debulking surgery including radical hysterectomy was planned. Intraoperatively, a normal sized uterus was found, the myometrium of which contained multiple variable-sized intramural leiomyomata. In addition, a huge left retroperitoneal mass was found that had no connection to the uterus. Histopathological examination revealed abenign lipoleiomyomatous tumor, composed of an encapsulated proliferation of benign adipocytes and myoid cells intimately admixed. Immunohistochemistry confirmed myoid differentiation, with negative reactions for HMB45 and CKIT, and . MDM2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was negative. Conclusions: Some unusually located extra-uterine leiomyomata have been reported; retroperitoneal leiomyoma being among them. Such a tumor with the added feature of lipomatous differentiation presents a differential diagnosis that includes leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiomyolipoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The association of an uncommonly located leiomyoma with subsequent lipomatous change withantiestrogen therapy is an unexplored issue that merits further investigation.
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Maltier, J. P., I. Petit, and C. Legrand. "Autoradiographic visualization of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in cervix of early pregnant rat." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 5 (1989): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.5.2539410.
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alpha 1-Adrenergic receptors were identified, characterized, and localized in rat cervix on Day 6 of pregnancy by autoradiography. Autoradiographic study was performed in slide-mounted rat cervix sections using [3H]-prazosin ([3H]-PRAZ) as ligand. Binding was time dependent and specific. Pharmacological study indicated that specific [3H]-PRAZ binding was inhibited with high affinity by prazosin and phenylephrine and low affinity by yohimbine and clonidine. In cervix, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptors were localized mainly to the inner circular layer of the myometrium. Binding to the outer longitudinal layer of myometrium was moderate, and binding was absent in the endometrium. The regional distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors strongly suggests that the circular layer of myometrium may function as an important modulator of contractile response of the cervix, probably involved in the retention of blastocysts at the utero-cervical end of the horn.
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Berto, A. G. A., S. M. Oba, Y. M. Michelacci, and L. O. Sampaio. "Galactosaminoglycans from normal myometrium and leiomyoma." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 34, no. 5 (2001): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2001000500011.
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Barker, Nichole M., David A. Carrino, Arnold I. Caplan, et al. "Proteoglycans in Leiomyoma and Normal Myometrium." Reproductive Sciences 23, no. 3 (2015): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1933719115607994.
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Thilander, G., and H. Rodriguez-Martinez. "Ultrastructure of the Porcine Myometrium during Pregnancy." Cells Tissues Organs 136, no. 2 (1989): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146805.
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Thilander, G., and H. Rodriguez-Martinez. "Morphology of the Porcine Myometrium during Parturition." Cells Tissues Organs 137, no. 1 (1990): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146861.
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Brody, Joel R., and Gerald R. Cunha. "Histologic, morphometric, and immunocytochemical analysis of myometrial development in rats and mice: I. Normal development." American Journal of Anatomy 186, no. 1 (1989): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001860102.
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Burroughs, KD, SR Howe, Y. Okubo, R. Fuchs-Young, D. LeRoith, and CL Walker. "Dysregulation of IGF-I signaling in uterine leiomyoma." Journal of Endocrinology 172, no. 1 (2002): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1720083.
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IGF-I expression has been observed in human uterine leiomyomas. To examine whether autocrine IGF-I signaling plays a role in the growth of these tumors, we used an animal model of uterine leiomyoma (the Eker rat) to investigate regulation of IGF-I and the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression in tumors and normal myometrium. During the normal estrous cycle, myometrial IGF-I expression peaked on the day of proestrus when the rate of proliferation in this tissue is greatest. In leiomyomas, the expression of IGF-I was increased 7.5-fold compared with the age-matched normal tissue. The level of IGF-IR mRNA in both tumor and non-tumor tissues was found to inversely correlate with that of IGF-I. Changes observed in IGF-I signaling components correlated with the activation state of the signal-transducing protein insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). During diestrus and proestrus when IGF-I levels were increasing, tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was increased up to 5.7-fold in the normal myometrium relative to estrus, when IGF-I levels were the lowest. Additionally, IRS-1 phosphorylation was 4-fold greater in leiomyomas relative to age-matched normal myometrium. Autocrine stimulation of the IGF-IR may, therefore, play a role in regulating the normal growth of the myometrium, and dysregulation of IGF-I signaling could contribute to the neoplastic growth of uterine leiomyomas.
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Yin, Zongzhi, Alaa A. Sada, Ossama M. Reslan, Neha Narula, and Raouf A. Khalil. "Increased MMPs expression and decreased contraction in the rat myometrium during pregnancy and in response to prolonged stretch and sex hormones." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 303, no. 1 (2012): E55—E70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00553.2011.
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Normal pregnancy is associated with uterine relaxation to accommodate the stretch imposed by the growing fetus; however, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between pregnancy-associated uterine stretch and uterine relaxation are unclear. We hypothesized that increased uterine stretch during pregnancy is associated with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which in turn cause inhibition of myometrium contraction and promote uterine relaxation. Uteri from virgin, midpregnant ( day 12), and late-pregnant rats ( day 19) were isolated, and myometrium strips were prepared for measurement of isometric contraction and MMP expression and activity using RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and gelatin zymography. Oxytocin caused concentration-dependent contraction of myometrium strips that was reduced in mid- and late-pregnant rats compared with virgin rats. Pretreatment with the MMP inhibitors SB-3CT (MMP-2/MMP-9 Inhibitor IV), BB-94 (batimastat), or Ro-28–2653 (cipemastat) enhanced contraction in myometrium of pregnant rats. RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and gelatin zymography demonstrated increased mRNA expression, protein amount, and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in myometrium of late-pregnant>midpregnant>virgin rats. Prolonged stretch of myometrium strips of virgin rats under 8 g basal tension for 18 h was associated with reduced contraction and enhanced expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which were reversed by MMP inhibitors. Concomitant treatment of stretched myometrium of virgin rats with 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), or E2+P4 was associated with further reduction in contraction and increased MMP expression and activity. MMP-2 and MMP-9 caused significant reduction of oxytocin-induced contraction of myometrium of virgin rat. Thus, normal pregnancy is associated with reduced myometrium contraction and increased MMPs expression and activity. The results are consistent with the possibility that myometrium stretch and concomitant increase in sex hormones during pregnancy are associated with increased expression/activity of specific MMPs, which in turn inhibit uterine contraction and promote uterine relaxation.
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Sadan, O., B. Van Iddekinge, C. J. Van Gelderen, et al. "Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptor Concentrations in Leiomyoma and Normal Myometrium." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 24, no. 3 (1987): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328702400304.
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The content of cytoplasmic 17β oestradiol and progesterone receptors in human uterine leiomyoma and normal myometrium in the Negroid population was determined. Eighteen women of reproductive age, at various stages of the menstrual cycle, were included in the study. The serum oestrogen and progesterone concentrations were also measured. This is the first report in the literature in which oestrogen and progesterone receptors in leiomyoma are significantly higher than in normal myometrium ( P=0·0002). The steroid dependence of the growth of leiomyomas may be related to the steroid receptor level. The presence of persistently high concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in leiomyoma should be helpful in the treatment of this benign tumour.
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Thilander, G., and H. Rodriguez-Martinez. "Fine Structure of the Porcine Myometrium during the Oestrous Cycle." Cells Tissues Organs 134, no. 2 (1989): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146682.
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Sharmazanova, О. P., I. N. Safonova, and Y. S. Mityakova. "Applicability of sonoelastography in leiomyoma and adenomyosis." Український радіологічний та онкологічний журнал 29, no. 1 (2021): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46879/ukroj.1.2021.78-88.
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Background. Uterine leiomyoma and endometriosis are common gynecological diseases of women in childbearing potential. This fact necessitates developing an optimal protocol for examination of patients in order to implement an individual approach to treatment. Diagnosis of mixed forms of pathological myometrium conditions causes some difficulties. Elastography technique makes it possible to assess the density of the myometrium, which may be essential for differentiating the diagnosis of leiomyoma and adenomyosis in mixed forms.
 Рurpose – to ascertain the potential of transvaginal ultrasound along with compression sonoelastography to determine the deformation coefficient in differential diagnosis of various pathological myometrium conditions.
 Materials and methods. The paper presents the analysis of elastographic findings of the uterus in 155 women obtained via compression sonoelastography performed by means of HITACHI AVIUS device. Patients were divided into 4 groups: control, women with uterine leiomyoma, uterine adenomyosis, with combined leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The transabdominal/ transvaginal ultrasound findings were confirmed by histopathological examination. The standard point scale was used to determine the deformation coefficient.
 Results. Elastographic characteristics were assessed in accordance with sonoelastography findings, i. e. deformation coefficients common in leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The maximum values of the deformation coefficient were obtained in leiomyoma (in an amount of 2 to 6.0 units). In case of diffuse or focal adenomyosis, the deformation coefficient was in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 units indicating high myometrial elasticity vs the unchanged myometrium. For its part, in Group I (control), the deformation coefficient ranged from 1 to 1.7 units. High myometrial elasticity in adenomyosis vs the unchanged myometrium as well low elasticity or high density of the myometrium in leiomyoma were observed.
 Conclusions. The deformation coefficients in patients with leiomyoma and adenomyosis and unchanged myometrium were obtained via ultrasound with compression sonoelastography and they made it possible to determine the degree of elasticity of the myometrium and its changes in the relevant pathology. Elastography is capable of identifying clear distinctive features of leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The coincidence of the diagnosis of adenomyosis based on elastography and histology is significant, but not optimal. The unchanged myometrium has a certain elasticity, which can be equated to a numerical value, i. e. the deformation coefficient, and this param changes in case of leiomyoma or adenomyosis, which makes it possible to differentiate these pathological conditions of the myometrium.
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Dason, Ebernella Shirin, Madalina Maxim, Alexander Hartman, et al. "Pregnancy Outcomes With Donor Oocyte Embryos in Patients Diagnosed With Adenomyosis Using the Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment Criteria." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 78, no. 7 (2023): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000947156.90590.45.
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(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2023;119(3):484–489) Adenomyosis is a benign gynecologic condition that causes endometrial glands and stroma to be found in the myometrium. Although the criterion-standard diagnosis of adenomyosis remains histology after hysterectomy, ultrasound diagnosis has allowed earlier detection, but no standard definition of imaging-based diagnosis exists.
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Kim, Byoung Ywong, Chi-Heum Cho, Dae-Kyu Song, et al. "Ciglitizone inhibits cell proliferation in human uterine leiomyoma via activation of store-operated Ca2+ channels." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 288, no. 2 (2005): C389—C395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00154.2004.
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This study investigated the acute effects of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ ligand, ciglitizone, on cell proliferation and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in human normal myometrium and uterine leiomyoma. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured with fura-2 AM, and cellular viabilities were determined by viable cell count and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Ciglitizone (100 μM) induced greater inhibition of cell proliferation in uterine leiomyoma than in myometrium. Ciglitizone also dose-dependently increased [Ca2+]i in both myometrium and uterine leiomyoma; these [Ca2+]i increases were inhibited by PPAR-γ antagonists and raloxifene. Ciglitizone-induced [Ca2+]i increase showed only an initial peak in normal myometrial cells, whereas in uterine leiomyoma there was a second sustained [Ca2+]i increase as well. The initial [Ca2+]i increase in both myometrium and uterine leiomyoma resulted from the release of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum via activation of ryanodine receptors. The second [Ca2+]i increase was observed only in uterine leiomyoma because of a Ca2+ influx via an activation of store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCCs). Cell proliferation was inhibited and secondary [Ca2+]i increase in uterine leiomyoma was attenuated by cotreatment of ciglitizone with a SOCC blocker, lanthanum. The results suggest that ciglitizone inhibits cell proliferation and increases [Ca2+]i through the activation of SOCCs, especially in human uterine leiomyoma.
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Gao, M., P. Sun, J. Wang, D. Zhao, and L. Wei. "Expression of estrogen receptor–related receptor isoforms and clinical significance in endometrial adenocarcinoma." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 16, no. 2 (2006): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200603000-00058.
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Estrogen receptor–related receptors (ERRs) are members of orphan nuclear receptors closely related to the estrogen receptors (ERs). Researches showed that the ERRs bound to estrogen response elements and interfered in the ER signal pathway. Therefore, it might be associated with estrogen-dependent diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore whether ERRs were involved in the tumorigenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. We examined the expression of ERRs in endometrial adenocarcinoma and normal endometrium using semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathologic features including FIGO stage, histologic grade, myometrial invasion, and nodal metastasis were reviewed. Results showed that messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ were positively associated with the immunoreactivities (P= 0.009,P= 0.014, andP= 0.001, respectively). The expression rate and relative level of ERRα mRNA in ERα-positive endometrial adenocarcinomas were lower than in normal endometriums (P= 0.049 andP= 0.023), whereas the relative level of ERRγ mRNA in ERα-positive endometrial adenocarcinomas was higher than in normal endometriums (P= 0.014). Expression of ERRα mRNA was positively correlated with FIGO stage (P= 0.019) and myometrial invasion (P= 0.043). A negative correlation was observed between expression of ERRγ mRNA and nodal metastasis (P= 0.021). Results suggested that ERRα and ERRγ might participate in the tumorigenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. ERRα and ERRγ are promising to be new prognostic factors in endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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Ludmir, Jack, and Solomon D. Erulkar. "Hormonal influence on ionic channels in myometrium." Microscopy Research and Technique 25, no. 2 (1993): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250206.
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Diamond, M. P., N. M. Fletcher, M. G. Saed, H. M. Abu-Soud, A. Al-Hendy, and G. M. Saed. "Fibroids Manifest Oxidative Stress as Compared to Normal Myometrium." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 20, no. 6 (2013): S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2013.08.058.
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Sharmazanova, Olena, Inessa Safonova, and Yulia Mityakova. "The importance of compression sonoelastography in improving the diagnostics of the pathology of myometrium." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 4 (July 30, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001908.
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The diversity of the clinical picture and the asymptomatic nature of the clinical manifestations of myometrial pathology cause difficulties in diagnosis. There is a lack of reliable diagnostic criteria for this pathology, in particular, imaging, especially with the simultaneous combination of adenomyosis and leiomyoma.
 The aim of the research. Determination of the possibility of compression sonoelastography in the diagnosis of myometrial pathology and determination of its sonoelastography characteristics in leiomyoma and adenomyosis, as well as comparison of sonoelastography results with histological data.
 Materials and methods. Elastography images of 155 patients with adenomyosis and leiomyoma, as well as combined pathology, were analyzed, the elastography diagnosis of which was confirmed by histological examination.
 Results. Leiomyoma and adenomyosis had different elastography characteristics (strain ratios) with different color mapping; their specific characteristics and main differences are determined. Based on sonoelastography, the majority of patients (n=30) were suspected of having uterine fibroids, 14 had adenomyosis, and 42 had adenomyosis and fibroids. Sonoelastography revealed histological signs of adenomyosis in 3 patients with uterine leiomyoma.
 Conclusions. Ultrasound examination using compression sonoelastography in such pathological conditions of the myometrium as adenomyosis and leiomyoma, as well as unchanged myometrium, makes it possible to determine changes in the degree of elasticity of the myometrium in the corresponding pathology. Sonoelastography allows the identification of clear distinguishing features of fibroids and adenomyosis. The unchanged myometrium has a certain elasticity, which can be equated to a specific numerical value – the coefficient of deformation. This indicator has different meanings in myoma and adenomyosis, which makes it possible to differentiate these pathological conditions of the myometrium. Compression sonoelastography is able to identify clear distinguishing features of leiomyoma and adenomyosis, and consistency of diagnoses based on sonoelastography and histology is significant but not optimal.
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Sharmazanova, Olena, Inessa Safonova, and Yulia Mityakova. "The importance of compression sonoelastography in improving the diagnostics of the pathology of myometrium." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 4 (July 30, 2021): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001908.
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The diversity of the clinical picture and the asymptomatic nature of the clinical manifestations of myometrial pathology cause difficulties in diagnosis. There is a lack of reliable diagnostic criteria for this pathology, in particular, imaging, especially with the simultaneous combination of adenomyosis and leiomyoma. The aim of the research. Determination of the possibility of compression sonoelastography in the diagnosis of myometrial pathology and determination of its sonoelastography characteristics in leiomyoma and adenomyosis, as well as comparison of sonoelastography results with histological data. Materials and methods. Elastography images of 155 patients with adenomyosis and leiomyoma, as well as combined pathology, were analyzed, the elastography diagnosis of which was confirmed by histological examination. Results. Leiomyoma and adenomyosis had different elastography characteristics (strain ratios) with different color mapping; their specific characteristics and main differences are determined. Based on sonoelastography, the majority of patients (n=30) were suspected of having uterine fibroids, 14 had adenomyosis, and 42 had adenomyosis and fibroids. Sonoelastography revealed histological signs of adenomyosis in 3 patients with uterine leiomyoma. Conclusions. Ultrasound examination using compression sonoelastography in such pathological conditions of the myometrium as adenomyosis and leiomyoma, as well as unchanged myometrium, makes it possible to determine changes in the degree of elasticity of the myometrium in the corresponding pathology. Sonoelastography allows the identification of clear distinguishing features of fibroids and adenomyosis. The unchanged myometrium has a certain elasticity, which can be equated to a specific numerical value – the coefficient of deformation. This indicator has different meanings in myoma and adenomyosis, which makes it possible to differentiate these pathological conditions of the myometrium. Compression sonoelastography is able to identify clear distinguishing features of leiomyoma and adenomyosis, and consistency of diagnoses based on sonoelastography and histology is significant but not optimal.
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Hatthachote, Panadda, Joanna Morgan, William Dunlop, G. Nicholas Europe-Finner та James I. Gillespie. "Gestational Changes in the Levels of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGFβ1) and TGFβ Receptor Types I and II in the Human Myometrium1". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 83, № 8 (1998): 2987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.8.4992.
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abstract As term approaches, a number of key proteins [contraction-associated proteins (CAPs)] are expressed within the human myometrium that are essential for the activation of powerful coordinated contractions during labor. The nature of the signals that switch on the synthesis of CAPs in vivo is not known. The ryanodine-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ release channel (RyR2) is a CAP whose expression in vitro is activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). The present experiments were performed to determine whether TGFβ and TGFβ receptors are present in the human myometrium at term and to explore the idea that they might form part of a signaling system in vivo. TGFβ receptor types I and II, but not III, were demonstrated in myometrial smooth muscle in tissue taken from nonpregnant, pregnant nonlaboring, and spontaneous laboring women. Western blotting was used subsequently to determine the relative expression of TGFβ receptor types I and II. Using nonpregnant myometrium as a baseline control the levels of expression of receptor types I and II were significantly increased by 168 ± 19% (n = 6) and 162 ± 22% (n = 7) in pregnant nonlaboring myometrium. In spontaneous laboring myometrium the levels of TGFβ receptor type I and II expression were 93 ± 12% (n = 6) and 85 ± 11% (n = 7), respectively, compared to nonpregnant control values and were significantly lower than levels in pregnant nonlaboring tissues. The total TGFβ1 levels in the myometrial tissues were 334 ± 10, 534 ± 73, and 674 ± 106 pg/g tissue wet wt in nonpregnant, pregnant nonlaboring, and spontaneous laboring myometrium (n = 3 in each group), respectively. Thus, the TGFβ signaling system appears to be up-regulated in the myometrium before the onset of parturition. The apparent loss of receptors in the spontaneous laboring samples in the presence of elevated total levels of TGFβ may be indicative of agonist-induced receptor down-regulation. These observations support the idea that cytokines, in particular TGFβ1, may play a role in the normal processes that prepare the myometrium for parturition at term.
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Richards, Peter D. G., Andrew J. Tiltman, and Penelope A. Richards. "Immunocytochemical localization of adenylyl cyclase in human myometrium." Microscopy Research and Technique 40, no. 6 (1998): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19980301)40:6<488::aid-jemt9>3.0.co;2-l.
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Waterton, John C., Diane Miller, John S. W. Morrell, Michael Dukes, Christoper D. West, and Peter F. Wadsworth. "A case of endometriosis in the macaque diagnosed by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging." Laboratory Animals 26, no. 1 (1992): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367792780809066.
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A case of spontaneous endometriosis was diagnosed in the pigtailed macaque ( Macaca nemestrina nemestrina) with the aid of high-field (2·35 T), T2-weighted (TE50), C1H2-suppressed, oblique nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Postmortem histology was obtained. A variety of endometriotic lesions was seen with MRI, including extrauterine hyperintense apparently cystic regions, extrauterine hypointense regions apparently associated with intracellular paramagnetic iron proteins, and an enlarged myometrium exhibiting adenomyosis foci.
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Goad, Jyoti, Joshua Rudolph, and Aleksandar Rajkovic. "Female reproductive tract has low concentration of SARS-CoV2 receptors." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243959.
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There has been significant concern regarding fertility and reproductive outcomes during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Recent data suggests a high concentration of SARS-Cov2 receptors, ACE2 or TMPRSS2, in nasal epithelium and cornea, which explains person-to-person transmission. We investigated the prevalence of SARS-CoV2 receptors among reproductive tissues by exploring the single-cell sequencing datasets from uterus, myometrium, ovary, fallopian tube, and breast epithelium. We did not detect significant expression of either ACE2 or TMPRSS2 in the normal human myometrium, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tube, or breast. Furthermore, none of the cell types in the female reproductive organs we investigated, showed the co-expression of ACE2 with proteases, TMPRSS2, Cathepsin B (CTSB), and Cathepsin L (CTSL) known to facilitate the entry of SARS2-CoV2 into the host cell. These results suggest that myometrium, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tube, and breast are unlikely to be susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV2.
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Sudakov, Dmitry S., Igor P. Nikolaenkov, Yulia R. Dymarskaya, and Anna A. Kuznetsova. "Anatomical and physiological aspects of the mutual influence of circulatory hypoxia of the myometrium and non-progressive labour." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 73, no. 4 (2024): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd623763.
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Non-progressive labour occurs in almost 10% of deliveries and is a main reason for unplanned cesarean sections and operative vaginal births using obstetric forceps or vacuum extraction. This article describes the morphological transformation of the myometrium and uterine blood vessels that occurs during pregnancy. It is shown that the myometrium inevitably experiences hypoxia at the microstructural level during each normal or pathological labour. We analyzed recent studies of the mutual influence of myometrial hypoxia and labour dystocia. Experimental and clinical studies showed relationship between the pH values and lactate levels determined in the myometrium on its contractility. Further research is justified, including the study of the pH and lactate values in amniotic fluid in patients with non-progressive labor. Finally, that will allow for clarifying the conditions and timing of labour stimulation with oxytocin and identifying a group of patients for whom oxytocin administration is contraindicated or hopeless.
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Senler, Tufan I., G. E. Hofmann, J. S. Sanfilippo, George H. ^Barrows, William L. Dean, and James L. Wittliff. "Cytochrome P-450 activity in human leiomyoma and normal myometrium." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 153, no. 5 (1985): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(85)90471-5.
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HUSZAR, GABOR, and FREDERICK NAFTOLIN. "The Myometrium and Uterine Cervix in Normal and Preterm Labor." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 40, no. 4 (1985): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-198504000-00003.
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Day, Tania, Seán M. Holland, and James Scurry. "Normal Vulvar Histology." Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 20, no. 1 (2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/lgt.0000000000000162.
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Breuiller-Fouche, Michelle, and Guy Germain. "Gene and protein expression in the myometrium in pregnancy and labor." Reproduction 131, no. 5 (2006): 837–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00725.
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Microarray technologies widen our comprehension of the major structural and metabolic transformations which affect the myometrium from the very beginning of pregnancy until parturition. The results are coherent with the mass of information which was accumulated previously, primarily on the basis of studies of selected critical factors. They highlight the activation of precise signaling pathways, some of which may have been previously under evaluated. The remodelling and maturation processes that the myometrium undergoes in pregnancy appear clearly as phenomena which last during the full course of gestation. Comparatively, the onset of labor is perhaps the phenomenon which remains the least well described by these methods of analysis. Nevertheless, genomic studies constitute a necessary first step of orientation and help establishing new links between the generic signaling pathways that are activated during the normal or pathological gestation. These studies also represent an indicative step that will have to be paralleled, in the future, with the results of the systematic proteomic analysis of the myometrium.
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Donoghue, J. F., F. L. Lederman, and P. A. W. Rogers. "285. Endometrial lymphatics are reduced in the functionalis compared to basalis and myometrium." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs285.
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Information on uterine lymphatics is limited. The aim of this study was to characterise uterine lymphatic vessels and the corresponding growth factors in the endometrium and myometrium across the normal human menstrual cycle. Uterine tissues were collected from patients undergoing hysterectomy. Lymphatic and microvascular density (MVD/mm2) was determined on serial sections of full thickness uterus (n = 45) with antibodies to D2-40, CD31, CD34 and FVIII. Lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D immunolocalisation was also determined on serial sections. VEGF-C, VEGF-D and lymphatic endothelial cell markers VEGF-R3 and D2-40 protein expression was determined on protein extracted from myometrium and endometrium and separated by SDS-PAGE from proliferative (n = 5) and secretory (n = 5) hysterectomy specimens. The lymphatic vessels were closely associated with smooth muscle cells of spiral arterioles and VEGF-C and VEGF-D were primarily localised in the endometrial glands, luminal epithelium and myometrial smooth muscle bundles. The lymphatic MVD was significantly reduced in the functionalis (15.1 ± 2.3mm2) compared to basalis (80 ± 11.4mm2) and myometrium (63 ± 9.2mm2). Overall, lymphatics constituted 12% of all vessels in the functionalis, 60 % in the basalis and 30% of the myometrium. D2-40 positive uterine lymphatics showed considerable heterogeneity, with 88% co-localisation with the blood vessel marker CD31, but only 46% expressing CD34 and 31% with FVIII. Protein expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-R3 and D2-40 were significantly reduced during the proliferative phase compared to the secretory phase and were also significantly reduced in the endometrium compared to the myometrium across the cycle (P ≤ 0.05). Endometrial functionalis lymphatics are reduced in conjunction with a reduction in lymphangiogenic growth factors compared with the myometrium.
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Rana, Himanshu, Rashmi Aithmia, and Monika Pangotra. "Expanded Study on Patterns of Myometrial Lesions in Hysterectomy Specimens: A Retrospective Study of 520 Specimens." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (2023): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230889.
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Introduction: Hysterectomy is the second most frequently performed major surgical procedure on women worldwide, peri and post-menopausal. In India, it accounts for only 6% of the major surgeries. Aims and objectives: To study the profile of different myometrial lesions in the 520 hysterectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology, GMC Jammu, for histopathological studies. Material and methods: The study was retrospective in nature. The study material comprised 520 hysterectomy specimens for a period of one year. They were labelled correctly, numbered with complete clinical details and then subjected to gross and detailed histopathological examination. Results: In the present study, the mean age of the cases was 46.9 years. 49.62% undergoing hysterectomy was in the age group of 41-50 years. The most common clinical indication for hysterectomy was menorrhagia in 42.75% of cases, followed by uterovaginal prolapse in 26.6%, fibroid uterus in 20.24% of cases and other less common indications. Myometrium was grossly unremarkable in most subjects, i.e. 55.77 %. The most common lesion in the myometrium was a fibroid, i.e., 41.73% of cases. On microscopic examination, in most cases, i.e., 263 (49.77%), myometrium was within normal limits histologically. Leiomyomata were found to be commonest, i.e., 180(34.2%) followed by adenomyosis 36 (6.92%) and leiomyoma with adenomyosis 32 (6.08%) cases. Post-partum changes were seen in the myometrium in 6 (1.14%) cases. Conclusion: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for giving the final diagnosis, planning further management and ensuring the best post-operative management of the patient. Keywords: Fibroid, Hysterectomy, Myometrium
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Ahmed, Nadya, and Rivan Isaac. "P53 Expression in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Carcinoma." Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 2 (2010): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2010.019.
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Background and objective: Mutations of the P53 tumor suppressor gene and altera-tions in its protein expression often occur in a variety of human malignant tumors, including endometrial carcinoma, but the practical implications of this phenomenon are yet to be fully exploited. This study was designed to evaluate P53 protein expression in normal, hyper-plastic and malignant endometrium by immunohistochemical study and to correlate P53 expression in endometrial carcinoma with other clinic-pathological prognostic parameters (age, histologic type, tumor grade, cervical & myometrial invasion, and tumor stage). Methods: The studied samples included 100 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded endo-metrial tissue specimens which were divided to the following diagnostic categories: - Pro-liferative endometrium (n=10); secretory endometrium (n=10); simple hyperplasia (n=10); complex hyperplasia without atypia (n=20); atypical complex hyperplasia (n=10) and endo-metrial carcinoma (n=40). Results: None of the normal endometrium, simple hyperplasia and complex hyperplasia without atypia showed P53 immunostaining, while 20% of atypical complex hyperplasia and 32.5% of endometrial carcinoma showed immunoreactivity for P53. In endometrial car-cinoma, significant correlation was observed between P53 expression and age at diagno-sis, histological grade,FIGO stage, myometrial invasion & cervical invasion ; but not with the histological type . Conclusion: The results indicated the validity & simplicity of the application of immuno-histochemistry in determining the status of P53 overexpresion which is strongly associated with endometrial carcinoma aggressiveness and high malignant potential.
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Lerman, Hedva, Shikma Bar-On, Limor Helpman, Einat Even-Sapir, and Dan Grisaru. "ATL." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 22, no. 7 (2012): 1187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e31825bedc7.
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ObjectivePositron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an important tool in oncology for assessment of disease extent and recurrence. Recognition of benign fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake promotes correct interpretation of imaging data. This study assesses the appearance of benign uterine leiomyomas (ULs) on PET/CT and evaluates possible hormonal influences.Patients and MethodsThis was a retrospective study performed in a tertiary referral cancer center in Israel. One hundred fifty-two women with nongynecologic malignancies were referred for PET/CT scans, with incidental UL on imaging. Information on menopausal status and menstrual phase and on the use of oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) was collected. Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake measured as standard uptake value (SUV) was obtained for UL, normal myometrium, and gluteus muscle. Changes associated with menopausal status, menstrual cycle phase, and the use of oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and SERM were assessed.ResultsThe mean ± SD SUV in UL for the entire cohort was 1.39 ± 0.65 and was higher than in myometrium (1.24 ± 0.33) and gluteus muscle (0.48 ± 0.36). Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was similar in UL and in myometrium during the preovulatory (1.42 ± 0.31 vs 1.23 ± 0.34) and postovulatory (1.23 ± 0.34 vs1.38 ± 0. 4) periods. During ovulation, SUV was significantly higher in UL (1.62 ± 0.39) than in normal myometrium (1.12 ± 0.15; P = 0.01). Uterine leiomyoma FDG uptake in premenopausal women (1.47 ± 0.32) was higher than in postmenopausal women (1.29 ± 0.41; P < 0.02). The UL/gluteus SUV ratio in patients on hormone replacement therapy (2.53 ± 0.23) was significantly higher than in untreated patients (1.27 ± 0.92; P = 0.05). Lower uptake was recorded in patients on SERM (SUV, 1.1 ± 0.24) than in untreated patients (SUV, 1.41 ± 0.36; P < 0.01).ConclusionFluorine 18 FDG uptake in UL may be estrogen dependent. Endogenous estrogen and hormone replacement therapy increase FDG uptake, whereas withdrawal of estrogen by menopause or SERM decreases uptake.
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Lu, Desiree. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Placenta Previa Complicated by Placenta Percreta." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 35, no. 1 (2018): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479318812650.
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Placenta previa is one of the most common complications in pregnancy. A partial or complete obstruction of the internal cervical os prevents a normal vaginal delivery. It can be further complicated by placenta accreta. Accreta, increta, and percreta are the three types of placental accreta identified and involve different layers of uterine myometrium. Of these types, percreta is the most invasive, invading through the myometrium to the uterine serosa and potentially affecting surrounding organs or tissues. The prevalence of accreta is increased with those who have a history of cesarean sections. This case study demonstrates how color and gray-scale sonography are a reliable imaging method for identifying placenta previa and accreta.
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McMahon, L. P., C. W. G. Redman, and J. D. Firth. "Expression of the Three Endothelin Genes and Plasma Levels of Endothelin in Pre-Eclamptic and Normal Gestations." Clinical Science 85, no. 4 (1993): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0850417.
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1. Maternal vasoconstriction and fetal growth retardation are part of the syndrome of pre-eclampsia and are thought to be related to placental insufficiency. There is evidence to suggest that the powerfully vasoactive endothelin peptides might be involved in the pathogenesis. 2. The production of endothelins appears to be regulated mainly by modulation of mRNA levels, and they are thought to exert their effects locally, rather than systemically. Hence, the measurement of endothelin mRNA levels in tissues would be expected to reflect the activity of the endothelin systems. 3. RNAase protection assays, using specific antisense probes capable of distinguishing between the endothelin mRNA isoforms, have been used to examine the expression of the three endothelin genes in placental villous tissue, amniotic membrane and myometrium. Samples were taken from 15 pre-eclamptic women and from 14 women with normal gestations. Myometrium was taken at hysterectomy from five non-pregnant women as an additional control. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive endothelin [endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and big endothelin (not distinguished)] were measured in samples taken concurrently from uterine vein and peripheral blood during surgery in ten patients. 4. The level of endothelin-1 mRNA in placental villous tissue was significantly higher in pre-eclamptic women (32 weeks gestation) than in control subjects (38 weeks gestation) (1.85 +0.26 versus 0.52 +0.09 arbitrary units, means + SEM, P <0.001) and in gravid than in non-gravid myometrium (P <0.001). Endothelin-2 was not expressed in villous tissue, but was expressed in amniotic membrane and myometrium, with relatively little difference between preeclamptic and control groups. Endothelin-3 was expressed at very low levels in all tissues examined. 5. The concentration of immunoreactive endothelin was higher in uterine than in peripheral vein blood in samples which were taken simultaneously (9.0 +1.2 versus 5.6 +0.7 pmol/l, P <0.05). Levels were not significantly different in pre-eclamptic and control groups. 6. Endothelin-1 gene expression is increased in placental villous tissue of pre-eclamptic gestations, possibly contributing to placental vasoconstriction/vascular insufficiency and hence fetal growth retardation in this disease.
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Imamura, Takuji, Christina E. Luedke, Sherri K. Vogt, and Louis J. Muglia. "Oxytocin modulates the onset of murine parturition by competing ovarian and uterine effects." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 3 (2000): R1061—R1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.r1061.
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Recent analysis of mice deficient in both oxytocin (OT) and cyclooxygenase-1 has shown that OT exerts significant effects on both the ovarian corpus luteum and the uterine myometrium during pregnancy. To better define the roles of OT during pregnancy, we evaluated OT action and OT receptor regulation in wild-type and OT-deficient knockout (KO) mice. Continuous infusion of OT revealed that OT can either delay labor at low doses or initiate preterm labor at high doses. The infusion rates of OT necessary for these effects were reduced in OT KO mice. The dose of OT that delayed labor also delayed the normal decrease in plasma progesterone late in gestation, implicating a primary effect on the corpus luteum. Consistent with this hypothesis, luteal OT receptor expression exceeded that of the myometrium until luteolysis occurred. We propose that the downregulation of OT receptors in the corpus luteum and induction of OT receptors in the myometrium serve to shift the predominant consequence of OT action during murine pregnancy from labor inhibition to labor promotion.
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Power, S. G. A., and J. R. G. Challis. "Tissue-specific concentration changes of estrone and estradiol during spontaneous and ACTH-induced parturition in sheep." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 2 (1987): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-026.
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Changes in estrogen production are considered important in the sequence of events leading to parturition. We sought tissue-specific changes in the concentration of unconjugated estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in intrauterine fetal (amnion, chorion) and maternal (endometrium, myometrium) tissues during normal pregnancy, labour, and ACTH-induced labour in sheep. The mean concentrations of E1 and E2 in the fetal membranes were higher than in endometrium and myometrium. In amnion there were no consistent changes in estrone concentrations with gestation, although estradiol concentrations increased between day 130 and term. In the endometrium there were increases in both estrone and estradiol between day 100 and term, whereas in the myometrium increases in the concentrations of E1 and E2 occurred between days 130–135 and term. Animals showing a labourlike pattern of uterine contractions after intrafetal ACTH administration did not show significant differences in estrone or estradiol concentrations in amnion, chorion, or endometrium compared with saline-infused controls. However, there was a progressive increase in the concentration of estrone and estradiol in the myometrium during ACTH-induced labour. We conclude that changes in the concentrations of estrone and estradiol in intrauterine tissues vary between the tissues studied and the two estrogens. In general, estrogen concentrations increased towards term, but this trend was more marked in the maternal than fetal tissues. The changes in estrone concentrations in myometrium, but not in the other tissues, were replicated during ACTH-induced labour. Our results would be compatible with the suggestion that tissue-specific changes in estrogen concentrations may contribute to the local intrauterine steroid milieu during pregnancy and at term.
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Kilickesmez, O., S. Bayramoglu, E. Inci, T. Cimilli, and A. Kayhan. "Quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of normal and diseased uterine zones." Acta Radiologica 50, no. 3 (2009): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850902735858.
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Background: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been established as the best imaging modality for the detection, localization, and staging of uterine cancers. Recently, the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of cancers has been reported in several studies. Purpose: To calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normal uterine zones as well as benign and malignant uterine diseases, and to determine a cut-off ADC value for the quantitative detection of uterine malignancies with DWI. Material and Methods: Eighty-seven patients (mean age 53 years) with 107 benign and malignant uterine pathologies and 50 healthy controls (mean age 38 years) were enrolled in the study. DWI was performed with b factors of 0, 500, and 1000 s/mm2. Results: The ADC values of benign and malignant lesions were compared using Student's t test. The mean and the standard deviation of the ADC values of the control group were as follows: myometrium 1.76±0.19×10−3 mm2/s, junctional zone 0.99±0.18×10−3 mm2/s, endometrium 1.65±0.33×10−3 mm2/s, and cervix 1.71±0.17×10−3 mm2/s. There was a statistically significant difference among the ADC values of normal myometrium and leiomyomas (1.47±0.36×10−3 mm2/s; P<0.009), endometrium and endometrial carcinomas (0.86±0.13×10−3 mm2/s; P<0.001), myometrium-junctional zone and adenomyosis (1.24±0.20×10−3mm2/s; P<0.001), and cervix and cervical carcinomas (0.91±0.14×10−3 mm2/s; P<0.001). The ADC values differed significantly between malignant (0.88±0.11) and benign lesions (1.55±0.33; P<0.01). A cut-off value for malignant lesions of 1.05×10−3 mm2/s yielded a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 95.83%, 94.55%, and 94.94%, respectively. Conclusion: The present study shows that ADC measurements have the potential to quantitatively differentiate between normal and cancerous tissues of the uterine zones. We propose adding DWI as an adjunct sequence in the MR protocol for the assessment of uterine lesions.
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Baek, Won-Ki, Daegun Kim, Neoncheol Jung, et al. "Increased expression of cyclin G1 in leiomyoma compared with normal myometrium." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 188, no. 3 (2003): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.140.
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Leppert, Phyllis C., Thomas Baginski, Cara Prupas, William H. Catherino, Susan Pletcher, and James H. Segars. "Comparative ultrastructure of collagen fibrils in uterine leiomyomas and normal myometrium." Fertility and Sterility 82 (October 2004): 1182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.04.030.
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TAYLOR, C. "The expression of integrins in normal human myometrium and uterine leiomyoma." Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 2, no. 2 (1995): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1071-5576(95)94585-i.
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