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1
Hayes, Louise. "Why are some obese individuals metabolically normal?" Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445545.
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Fillon, S., A. Danielle Rose, L. Rost, and Marc A. Fagelson. "Measures of Tinnitus in Normal-hearing Individuals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1607.
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Nallaivarothayan, Hajananth. "Video based detection of normal and anomalous behaviour of individuals." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/106947/1/Hajananth_Nallaivarothayan_Thesis.pdf.
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This PhD research has proposed novel computer vision and machine learning algorithms for the problem of video based anomalous event detection of individuals. Varieties of Hidden Markov Models were designed to model the temporal and spatial causalities of crowd behaviour. A Markov Random Field on top of a Gaussian Mixture Model is proposed to incorporate spatial context information during classification. Discriminative conditional random field methods are also proposed. Novel features are proposed to extract motion and appearance information. Most of the proposed approaches comprehensively outperform other techniques on publicly available datasets during the time of publications originating from the results.
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Argent, Wayne Trevor. "EEG biofeedback for the enhancement of cognitive abilities in normal individuals /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsa689.pdf.
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Lister, Adrian Mark. "Redundancy of temporal envelope information across frequency bands in normal hearing individuals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6816.
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Much research has focused on the role of different spectral aspects of the speech signal in speech perception. To date there had been little quantification of the temporal envelope of the speech signal for speech perception.
The goal of this study was to examine the role of temporal envelope information in speech recognition by quantifying the shared temporal envelope information extracted from neighbouring high frequency 1/3-octave bands.
The Envelope Difference Index (EDI) was used in the current study to calculate similarity of temporal envelope information between adjacent bands. There was significant shared information, but also novel information as well.
In general, for listeners identifying nonsense words from limited temporal information, their speech recognition performance increased as the gap between two bands increased. Furthermore, the amount of shared information between 1/3 octave bands also decreased as a function of gap size. The acoustic measure of redundancy between pairs of bands did not predict intelligibility.
Based on these results, models of speech intelligibility must account
for this redundancy rather than assuming that bands can be analyzed and
weighted individually.
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TARONNA, Angelo Pio. "RESEARCH OF SERUM ANTIBODIES ANTI-SV40 IN NORMAL INDIVIDUALS AND ONCOLOGIC PATIENTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389355.
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Background:Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a small DNA tumor virus found associated with
specific human cancers, such as brain and bone tumors, malignant pleural mesothelioma,
and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. SV40 sequences were also detected, although at lower
prevalence, in blood specimens from healthy donors. However, some studies failed to
reveal the presence of SV40 in human samples, and its association with specific
neoplasms. These conflicting results indicate the need of a specific standardized test, to
be share within the scientific community, to study the SV40 infection in humans and its
association with cancers.
Methods: In this investigation we report on the presence in human sera of antibodies
reacting against specific SV40 peptides revealed by an indirect ELISA. test. The
immunologic assay was set up employing synthetic peptides corresponding to SV40
epitopes of the viral capsid proteins and the large T antigen (Tag), the SV40
oncoprotein. Sera from healthy donors and oncologic patients were tested with indirect
ELISA assays. Overlapping results were obtained with this immunologic assay
employing four specific peptides from early and late SV40 regions.
Results: Data from immunologic assays indicate that in healthy individuals serum
antibodies against SV40 are detectable since the early childhood. In healthy donors the
seroprevalence increases with the age reaching the peak of 25% in subjects aged 1-10
years, it declines in subjects aged 11-17 with a prevalence of 15%, then it slightly
increases to 20%, remaining stable till the age of 50 years old. In the cohort of
individuals aged 51-65 year old the seroprevalence tends to decline with a prevalence
17%, while in elderly subjects aged 66-90 years the prevalence is the 23%. This result
indicates that the SV40 circulation in humans is of low level compared to the
prevalence of the closely related human polyomaviruses BK (80-90%) and JC (60-70%).
In our investigation, serum samples from oncologic patients affected by bone and brain
tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and malignant pleural mesothelioma, had a high
prevalence of anti-SV40 antibodies.
Conclusions: In our study, the prevalence of serum samples reacting with SV40
peptides was higher in sera from oncologic patients, compared to controls. Indeed,
SV40-positive sera were detected at higher prevalence in patients affected by
osteosarcoma (57%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (51%), glioblastoma (34%) and
mesotheliomas (32%) than in normal subjects (18%). No statistically significant
difference in prevalence was revealed in sera from patients affected by breast cancer
(21%) and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (25%), a neoplasm associated
with the EBV infection, compared to samples from healthy donors. Our data further
indicate the association of SV40 with specific human malignancies.
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Correani, Alessia. "Normal and abnormal attentional dwell time : constrains of temporal coding in visual attention in neurological patients and normal individuals." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1781/.
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This thesis is concerned with the analysis of constrains of temporal coding in visual selective attention. It is well known that despite the great amount of visual information present in the environment the human visual system is only capable to attend and select some of it. How the brain is able to selectively prioritize relevant information and de-prioritize the irrelevant information in order to guide us through space, has been extensively investigated (Treisman and Gelade, 1980; Posner, 1980). Less is known about how this occurs over time. In the present thesis I investigate the role of temporal limitation of selective attention in brain damaged patients and in normal participants by using a simplified version (attentional dwell time paradigm, Duncan et al., 1994), of the Attentional Blink (AB) paradigm which involves the identification of two or more visual targets when stimuli are presented rapidly in temporal succession always at one location (Broadbent and Broadbent, 1987; Raymond, Shapiro and Arnell, 1992). Within this paradigm I have manipulated different factors which may influence this limitation such as: temporal binding, perceptual similarity among stimuli, task switching, integration of audio-visual information and working memory. In addition, by examining the AB in different brain lesioned groups, this thesis attempts to throws light on the neural mechanisms underlying temporal coding and selection. Evidence was provided of the influence of all these mechanisms in coding, selecting and consolidating visual information over time which suggest a multi components nature of temporal selection as well as possible involvements of a temporo-parietal network (Corbetta and Shulman, 2002) which governs their integration.
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Shaner, Deborah Jean. "Soft tissue facial asymmetry and family resemblance in normal and syndrome-affected individuals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60346.pdf.
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Middleton, Katherine. "Encounters with emotion : the experience of emotions in decision-making in normal individuals." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275973.
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McCarthy, Marie Majella. "Cross modal aspects of attention in normal individuals and those with multiple sclerosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338864.
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Arnold, Stacy J. "TDP-43 Deposition in Prospectively Followed, Cognitively Normal Elderly Individuals: A Correlative Study." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281112.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.<br>TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been heavily researched in recent years due to its involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Numerous studies have also sought to investigate the frequency of TDP-43 deposition in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, with very few studies focusing on the relationship of TDP-43 to pathological and clinical parameters within cognitively normal subjects. We sought to explore the deposition of TDP-43 and its relation to pathological and clinical parameters in a series of prospectively followed, cognitively normal, elderly individuals whom have come to autopsy. We screened thick, coronal sections of mesial temporal lobe; containing hippocampus and/or amygdalar regions from a series of 110 cognitively normal subjects (age range 71-100 years) using immunohistochemical methods for phosphorylated TDP-43. Consistent with previous results, we found a 36.4% incidence of pathologic TDP-43. Deposition was detected in the form of dendritic neurites, intranuclear inclusions, and perikaryal cytoplasmic neuronal inclusions. With respect to other concomitant pathologies commonly found in elderly individuals, cases with TDP-43 had a greater proportion of cases with argyrophilic grains (ARG) (40% vs. 18.6%). There was not greater prevalence or densities of other concomitant pathologies, including cerebral white matter rarefaction, incidental Lewy bodies, neurofibrillary tangles or amyloid plaques in TDP-43 positive cases. These results indicate deposition of TDP-43 occurs in a substantial subset of cognitively normal elderly subjects and is more common in those with argyrophilic grains.
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Komulaine, Julie L. "Linguistic Differences in Individuals with Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease and the Normal Aging Population." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10690385.
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<p> Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is crucial. The risk of progressing to advanced stages is higher among those in the earliest stages of AD, and early diagnosis can lead to more effective treatment. Language assessments can be effective in diagnosing AD early. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of action fluency tasks in detecting early AD. An individual with early AD and a normal aging individual participated in three verbal fluency tasks: letter, category, and action. Results revealed that the individual with early AD performed more poorly than the normal aging individual on most verbal fluency tasks, including action fluency. Comparison of these results to performance on a discourse production task revealed a correlation between the category and action fluency tasks and the discourse production task but no correlation with the letter fluency task. The findings add support to the effectiveness of action fluency tasks in detecting early AD.</p><p>
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Meagher, Kelsey Marie. "Effects of hearing aid processing on cortical auditory evoked potentials in normal hearing individuals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64172.
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Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are currently being investigated as a tool for validation in hearing aid fittings. There is some conflicting evidence regarding the usefulness of CAEPs in this capacity. CAEPs are influenced by stimulus parameters and hearing aids can change these parameters in an unpredictable manner. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rise time after hearing aid processing on the CAEP of 23 normal hearing participants. Two different duration stimuli (60 ms and 120 ms) were processed by three different hearing aids and the output of each hearing aid was recorded. The stimulus parameters were measured for each condition and the stimuli were presented to each participant through an insert earphone. Two blocks of stimuli were used (1) Raw (varied SNR and intensity) and (2) Equalized/Filtered (equalized SNR and intensity). The electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded and the P1-N1-P2 amplitudes and latencies were measured for each condition. A three-factor ANOVA was conducted to observe the effects of (1) rise time, (2) duration, and (3) SNR. A main effect of rise time was observed on the N1-P2 amplitude. This result indicated that hearing aid processing can increase the rise time enough to elicit a decrease in the N1-P2 amplitude. No effects were observed on amplitudes or latencies of the N1-P2 with the alternative stimulus parameters (SNR and duration). Prior to using CAEPs clinically for validation of hearing aid fittings, normative standards should be established. This ensures that differences in the N1-P2 amplitudes are due specifically to audibility and not to the altered stimulus parameter (i.e., after hearing aid processing). Further research should also be conducted on individuals with hearing loss to see if the effects observed in this study would be present with this population. In addition, comparisons of behavioural and CAEP methods of validation would be helpful in determining the validity and reliability of using these methods clinically.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Audiology and Speech Sciences, School of<br>Graduate
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Siegfried, Lisa A. "Attentional and Approach Biases for Food Cues in Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Individuals." Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1272660402.
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Antecol, Michael Hal. "Biochemical and biological characterization of normal skin fibroblasts from individuals predisposed to dominantly inherited cancers." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74010.
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Al-Bayati, Z. M. "Human Leucocyte Antigen G expression in cytomegalovirus infection in normal individuals and renal transplant patients." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3019793/.
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HLA-G is a non-classical human MHC I molecule which is abundantly expressed in trophoblast during pregnancy. This molecule is also expressed by several leucocyte subsets but on a low percentage of cells. It can also be secreted in soluble form. The protein is upregulated in several conditions like viral infections, autoimmune disorders and tumours. Several reports have indicated the expression of HLA-G is associated with allograft acceptance and survival. This study was aimed at investigating the expression of HLA-G and its ligand, KIR2DL4, in association with other activation markers, particularly CD103, BAFF and BAFF-R, in relation to CMV antigen stimulation in healthy subjects. Also, HLA-G and KIR2DL4 expression and their association with genotype were studied in renal transplant patients before and after transplantation. HLA-G was expressed by a significantly higher proportion of CD19+ B cells and CD56+ T cells following stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CMV+ healthy subjects with CMV antigen. Also, sHLA-G levels were significantly elevated in PBMC supernatants from CMV+ subjects stimulated with CMV antigen. The HLA-G ligand KIR2DL4 was significantly upregulated in IL-2 culture on CD56+ T cells and significantly downregulated in CD56bright cells. Induction of PBMCs with CMV antigens significantly increased the proportion of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and CD56+ cells T cells expressing this ligand. Also, proportions of HLA-G+CD103+ T cells were significantly increased following CMV stimulation. Stimulation of PBMCs with CMV antigen demonstrated significantly increased proportions of BAFF-R+ CD56+ cells and significantly decreased proportions of BAFF-R+ B cells. HLA-G was expressed on a significantly greater proportion of BAFF+ and BAFF-R+ cells following CMV stimulation. In renal transplant patients, HLA-G was expressed on a significantly higher proportion of CD4+ cells and monocytes as well as B cells following transplantation. However, KIR2DL4 was significantly upregulated only on CD56dim cells following transplantation. Finally, culture of PBMCs with the standard immunosuppressive drugs used in transplant patients did not generally inhibit or augment the effects of CMV on HLA-G, CD103, BAFF and BAFF-R expression by PBMCs from healthy subjects, apart from CD4+ cells and CD56+ cells of which significantly greater proportions expressed HLA-G in response to tacrolimus (Prograf) in combination with CMV particles. Also, CD103 was expressed by significantly higher proportions of these cells in the same treatment combination. In conclusion, the results are consistent with CMV enhancing HLA-G expression on several cell types which may play an important role to allow immune escape during virus infection. In renal transplant patients, proportions of HLA-G+ cells increased significantly in several cell subpopulations after transplantation. Immunosuppressive drug treatment may have contributed to this.
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Maniparambil-Eapen, Abraham. "The Impact of Non-Reading Language Performance on the Estimation of Premorbid IQ among Normal Elderly Individuals." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1309450983.
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Zaharia, Marilee D. "Stressor effects on immune and endocrine parameters in normal and depressed individuals, influence of behavioral characteristics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ37083.pdf.
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Zaharia, Marilee D. (Marilee Danielle) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Stressor effects on immune and endocrine parameters in normal and depressed individuals; influence of behavioral characteristics." Ottawa, 1998.
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Razani, Laleh Jill. "Semantic memory for olfaction and vision in patients with Alzheimers's disease, Huntington's disease, and normal individuals /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9904729.
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Yiu, Angelina. "The Importance of Body Image Concerns in Overweight and Normal Weight Individuals with Binge Eating Disorder." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/523060.
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Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>Body image concerns in Binge Eating Disorder (BED) have been examined almost exclusively in overweight individuals with BED. The current study extends past research by including overweight and normal weight BED and non-BED groups to assess the multifactorial construct of body image using subscales of the Eating Disorder Examination 16.0 (EDE-16.0) and a Body Comparison Task. Independent of weight status and when controlling for age and race, women with BED are distinguished from those without BED by significantly greater overvaluation of shape and weight on the EDE -16.0 and significantly reduced weight satisfaction after a Body Comparison Task. Both BED diagnosis and weight status were independently associated with weight and shape concern subscales on the EDE-16.0. Taken together, these data provide further support for the consideration of body image concerns in the diagnostic criteria for BED.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Lau, Marcy K., Candace Hicks, Tobias Kroll, and Steven Zupanic. "Effect of Auditory Task Type on Physiological and Subjective Measures of Listening Effort in Individuals With Normal Hearing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5581.
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Purpose: Listening effort has traditionally been measured using subjective rating scales and behavioral measures. Recent physiological measures of listening effort have utilized pupil dilation. Using a combination of physiological and subjective measures of listening effort, this study aimed to identify differences in listening effort during 2 auditory tasks: sentence recognition and word recognition. Method: Pupil dilation and subjective ratings of listening effort were obtained for auditory tasks utilizing AzBio sentences recognition and Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 words recognition, across 3 listening situations: in quiet, at +6 dB signal-to-noise ratio, and at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Task accuracy was recorded for each of the 6 conditions, as well as peak pupil dilation and a subjective rating of listening effort. Results: A significant impact of listening situation (quiet vs. noise) and task type (sentence recognition vs. word recognition) on both physiological and subjective measures was found. There was a significant interaction between listening situation and task type, suggesting that contextual cues may only be beneficial when audibility is uncompromised. The current study found no correlation between the physiological and subjective measures, possibly suggesting that these measures analyze different aspects of cognitive effort in a listening task.
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Brown, Emma Jane Hay. "Development of a predictive DNA double strand break assay for the identification of individuals with high normal tissue radiosensitivity." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/855.
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De, Bustos Cecilia. "Genetic and Epigenetic Variation in the Human Genome : Analysis of Phenotypically Normal Individuals and Patients Affected with Brain Tumors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6629.
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Law, Nok-Hin. "Kinematics & Kinetics Analysis of the Lower Extremity of Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Individuals During Stair Ascent & Descent." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24033.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of body mass and sex on the joint biomechanics of the lower extremity during stair ascent and descent. Nineteen normal weight (8M and11F; BMI: 22.1 ± 1.8 kg/m2), 18 overweight (14M and 4F; BMI: 27.4 ± 1.3 kg/m2) and 8 obese subjects (3M and 5F; BMI: 33.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were recruited. Joint mechanical loading presented by joint moment of force and peak joint angles at the hip, knee, and ankle during stair climbing were recorded and analyzed using a motion analysis system with 10 cameras and 4 force plates. The MANOVA and linear regression analysis found a significantly larger knee extensor moment (p=0.026) among the overweight compared to the normal weight participants during descent. Sex differences were found in the peak joint angles, as the females abducted their knees more than the males (p=0.002; r(51) = 0.51) during descent.
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Burch, Wendy A. "The Draw-A-Person: group differences among individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Tourette Syndrome, and normal controls." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2665.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences among the human figure drawings (HFDs) of individuals diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Tourette Syndrome (TS), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Normal Controls. Males and females (N=161), ranging in age from 7.0 to
58.9 years, diagnosed with OCD, TS, ADHD, and individuals with no diagnosis were administered the Draw-A-Person (DAP; Machover, 1949), a human figure drawing task. Analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships between several variables: sex of participant, age, detail, emotional indicators, symptom severity, and sex of figure drawn. Results provided support for the hypothesis that males would draw a same sex figure more often than females, and that males would include more anxiety indicators than females. Results also provided support for the hypothesis that younger participants would include more unusual characteristics in HFDs, although the variance explained was minimal. The hypothesis that symptom severity would influence HFD characteristics was not supported, nor was the hypothesis that sex of participant would influence inclusion of detail. Several of the regression analyses of the smaller clinical groups were statistically significant, yet these results should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of cases used for the analysis.
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Thomas, Holly Reed. "Genetic and epigenetic regulation of dihydropyrimidinase and beta-ureidopropionase in individuals with altered uracil catabolism and normal dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase enzyme activity." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008r/thomas.pdf.
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Downey, Wendy Rogister. "Normal and abnormal findings from exercise stress ECG vs. post-exercise echocardiography studies in a series of hypertensive and normotensive individuals." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05092009-040355/.
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Boronikolos, Georgios [Verfasser], Juris [Gutachter] Meier, and Henning [Gutachter] Schrader. "Upper gastrointestinal motility and symptoms in individuals with diabetes, prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance / Georgios Boronikolos ; Gutachter: Juris Meier, Henning Schrader." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1144612861/34.
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Nielsen, Henrietta M., Kewei Chen, Wendy Lee та ін. "Peripheral apoE isoform levels in cognitively normal APOE ε3/ε4 individuals are associated with regional gray matter volume and cerebral glucose metabolism". BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622812.
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Background: Carriers of the APOE epsilon 4 allele are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and have been shown to have reduced cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRgl) in the same brain areas frequently affected in AD. These individuals also exhibit reduced plasma levels of apolipoprotein E (apoE) attributed to a specific decrease in the apoE4 isoform as determined by quantification of individual apoE isoforms in APOE epsilon 4 heterozygotes. Whether low plasma apoE levels are associated with structural and functional brain measurements and cognitive performance remains to be investigated. Methods: Using quantitative mass spectrometry we quantified the plasma levels of total apoE and the individual apoE3 and apoE4 isoforms in 128 cognitively normal APOE epsilon 3/epsilon 4 individuals included in the Arizona APOE cohort. All included individuals had undergone extensive neuropsychological testing and 25 had in addition undergone FDG-PET and MRI to determine CMRgl and regional gray matter volume (GMV). Results: Our results demonstrated higher apoE4 levels in females versus males and an age-dependent increase in the apoE3 isoform levels in females only. Importantly, a higher relative ratio of apoE4 over apoE3 was associated with GMV loss in the right posterior cingulate and with reduced CMRgl bilaterally in the anterior cingulate and in the right hippocampal area. Additional exploratory analysis revealed several negative associations between total plasma apoE, individual apoE isoform levels, GMV and CMRgl predominantly in the frontal, occipital and temporal areas. Finally, our results indicated only weak associations between apoE plasma levels and cognitive performance which further appear to be affected by sex. Conclusions: Our study proposes a sex-dependent and age-dependent variation in plasma apoE isoform levels and concludes that peripheral apoE levels are associated with GMV, CMRgl and possibly cognitive performance in cognitively healthy individuals with a genetic predisposition to AD.
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Gerni, Angie G. Jr. "Normal and Abnormal Findings from Exercise Stress ECG, Post-Exercise Echocardiography and Angiography Studies in a Series of Hypertensive and Normotensive Individuals." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46065.
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The purpose of this investigation was to compare the frequencies of normal and abnormal findings from exercise electrocardiography (ECG), post-exercise echocardiography (ECHO) and angiography studies in a series of hypertensive and normotensive individuals who underwent diagnostic testing. Data for the ECG and ECHO were obtained simultaneously and the angiography was performed either before or following the exercise stress test. Thirty-seven cases were included in this retrospective study. Records were excluded if patients had: history of myocardial infarction; valvular heart disease; ECG evidence of abnormal Q waves, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with abnormal ST/T wave pattern, or left bundle branch block (LBBB); medications that would alter blood pressure responses or ECG interpretation, technically uninterpretable records; or failure to attain 85% of age-adjusted maximal heart rates during the exercise tests. Subjects were defined as hypertensive (HYP) if at least two of the following criteria were met: 1) SBP <u>&gt</u> 140 mmHg or DBP <u>&gt</u>90 mmHg; 2) current use of antihypertensive medications; or 3) history of hypertension. Normotensive subjects (NORM) were defined as absence of the above criteria. Data for the ECG and ECHO variables were obtained simultaneously in association with treadmill exercise studies. In each test, ECG measures were taken at peak exercise while the ECHO data were taken within 90 seconds immediately post exercise to obtain images. ECG response was considered abnormal if the ST shifted <u>&gt</u> .1 mV from baseline at J<sub>60</sub> , while the ECHO response was considered abnormal when new or worsening of pre-existing wall motion abnormalities was observed. The 2-D ECHO's were recorded with the subject in the left lateral decubitus position, and parasternal long- and short-axis apical two and four chamber views were recorded for qualitative determination of wall motion abnormalities. Eleven of the 37 subjects also underwent angiography. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that high blood pressure status did not increase the frequency of abnormal test results for the ECHO (X<sup>2</sup>= 0.00009, DF = 1, p>.05), the exercise ECG (X<sup>2</sup>= 0.07, DF = 1, p>.05) nor for the angiography (X<sup>2</sup>= 0.69, DF = 1, p>.05). These results indicate that resting blood pressure does not influence the occurrence of abnormal vs normal ECG and ECHO findings nor angiography findings between hypertensive and normotensive subjects. There was also no significant differences between the ECG and ECHO in the occurrence of abnormal findings for NORM subjects (X<sup>2</sup>=2.43E-015, DF = 1, p>.05) nor HYP subjects (X<sup>2</sup>=0.13, DF = 1, p>.05). The ECHO showed 80% true-positive findings and the ECG showed 60% compared to the angiography. Both the ECG and ECHO had the same percentage of true-negatives (33%) compared to the angiography results. Since there was a higher percentage of ECHO true-positive results compared to the angiography then the ECG, this may indicate that the ECHO is comparable to the angiography findings and may be a better predictor in determining disease than the ECG. However, these data warrant further evaluation studies.<br>Master of Science
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Nathu, Nazim. "Changes in selected physiological, biochemical and body composition variables, associated with minimum threshold levels of physical training in normal middle-aged sedentary individuals." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252893.
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Askew, Sandra Lyn. "Cytokine signalling functions of human soluble IgE receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal and hyper-allergic individuals and in B-lymphoblastoid and monocytic cell lines." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/455.
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CD23 is a multifunctional receptor/ligand, found in a variety of cell types, such as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, mast cells and basophils. It is also found on a variety of haematopoietic cell lines. As the low-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE), CD23 plays a role in antigen-presentation and macrophage activation. As a surface molecule cleaved from the cell membrane, soluble CD23 (sCD23) can act as an adhesion molecule and a cytokine. Perturbances of such molecular interactions may lead to various diseases such as allergies and other inflammatory diseases. It has been speculated that elevated levels of sCD23 may be used to bind secreted IgE, thus preventing it from binding to membrane CD23 on haematopoietic cells, preventing B cells from being activated into IgE producing cells. Signal transduction by sCD23 is dependent on cell subsets, ligands and co-factors required for its function. sCD23 plays a direct role in inducing tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and soluble IL-1 receptor from activated human monocytes and PBMCs in vitro. Recombinant forms of 25 and 37 kDa human sCD23 were produced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-cloning into pET23a, a bacterial expression vector. The proteins were expressed and refolded, followed by purification by gel filtration chromatography. The purified proteins were biochemically characterized to ensure purity and biological activity, by observing the binding to human IgE both in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. ELISA showed KD values of 7.23 x 10-9M and 8.12 x 10-9M for the 25 and 37 kDa proteins, respectively. These values were significantly lower than that of Hibbert et al., (2005). SPR data obtained for the 25 kDa CD23 was not of reliable quality but SPR for the 33kDa sCD23 showed a KD of 1.18 x 10-7M, close to that of Hibbert et al., (2005), J. Exp. Med, 202: 751-760. To test the therapeutic potential of the recombinant molecule, a B-lymphoblastoid cell line (Raji), a pre-monocytic cell line (U937), and PBMCs from normal and hyper-allergic individuals were used. All cells showed no change in production of cytokines. It is essential to investigate further cytokine functions and production implicated by recombinant forms of sCD23, as well as binding of sCD23 to CD21 and CD11b/c, and in vivo IgE regulation before a conclusion can be drawn as to whether recombinant sCD23 is a potential therapeutic target against allergic disease.
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Cheng, Sze-chung, and 鄭思宗. "To compare proprioceptive performance and quality of life among patients after total knee arthroplasty, unicondylar knee arthroplasty,osteoarthritic knee and normal individuals in Chinese ethnic group inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44139366.
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Offerman, Jens. "Can internal and external load measures via Polar Vantage V predict training status in trained individuals? : - A prospective study during a normal and a heavy load training week." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för idrottsmedicin, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163225.
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Purpose To evaluate the information provided by Polar Vantage V, a new generation of heart rate monitor/watch (HRM-watch) to the user, regarding the acute:chronic load ratio (ACLR), based onthe external and internal load measures and examine the measures against psychological and physiological measures before and during a threshold test with VO2max testing. Method A five-week prospective study with results and data collected during and after four normal training weeks and during a fifth week with a very high training load. The results from HRM-watchwere then evaluated against the results from physiological and psychological tests. Eight endurance runners were recruited. Results Differences in ACLR against the differences in HRR show a R2 value of 0.77 (p<0.05). ACLR signicantly increased with an average of 0.33 from 0.93 to 1.26 (p=0.003, 95 % CI= 0.17 {0.49). Differences in ACLR against dierences in total mood disturbance (TMD) from POMS showin regression analyses a R2value of 0.67 (p=0.05). No significant difference was noted in neither resting HRV (p=0.3, 95% CI= -22.2 { 8.5) or standing HRV (p=0.15, 95% CI= - 4.15 { 20.8). Conclusion Based on the result of the present study it can be concluded that training status, well-being and present mood state can be predicted fairly good with the information from the internal and external load measurements from the Polar Vantage V. However, the power of present exploratory study was low due to a low number of included participants. Future research with greater number of participants and an improved study design is needed to verify these interesting findings.
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Warren, Brian W. "Connecting the Dots: A Study to Determine the Differences in Diet Quality of Exercising and Non-Exercising Obese, Overweight, Normal Weight, and Underweight Male and Female College Age Individuals." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397179119.
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Cheng, Sze-chung. "To compare proprioceptive performance and quality of life among patients after total knee arthroplasty, unicondylar knee arthroplasty, osteoarthritic knee and normal individuals in Chinese ethnic group in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B44139366.
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Habte, Habtom Haileselassie. "The inhibition of HIV-1 activity by crude mucus and purified mucin (mucous glycoproteins) from saliva, breast milk and the cervical tract of normal subjects, HIV positive individuals and patients with HIV-AIDS." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10629.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-161).<br>Human saliva, breast milk and cervical secretions contain several non-immunological components including mucins (mucous glycoproteins), which protect the gastrointesinal and female reproductive tracts and breast fed infants from bacterial, viral and fungal infections. In addition to their well known function in lubrication, tissue coating and digestion, mucus and mcins have been used as pathological markers in diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, and carcinomas of the breast, lung and colon. Crude saliva is a also known to inhibit the activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). According to the joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) worldwide an estimated 38.6 million people were living with HIV in 2005 with 401 million newly infected and 2.8 million deaths. It has been reported that an estimated 24.5 million of the HIV infected people of whom 60% females live in sub-Saharan Africa with the Southern African region having the highest prevalence in Africa. Furthermore the incidence of opportunistic diseases such as TB is also reported to increase with HIV prevalence. Thus far, despite the discovery of highly active antiretroviral therapies which contain both protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV remains as a global threat especially to the third world countries. Therefore there is a need for the development of safe compounds to reduce viral loads in infected people and to prevent the transmission of the virus from one individual to another. The search for a suitable vaccine is ongoing.
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Nikander, Anton, and Ludwig Ahlqvist. "Undersökning av tappvarmvattenförbrukning i flerbostadshus med Individuell mätning och debitering : Utifrån faktorer som påverkar förbrukningen, samt hur de boende förhåller sig till Individuell mätning och debitering av varmvatten." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287759.
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The main purpose of the study is to investigate if Boverkets supplement BEN is reasonable for apartment buildings with individual metering and charging for hot water. But also if there is any connection between hot water consumption, number of residents, bathtub and number of rooms in the apartments. Finally, it is investigated whether the residents make any active choice to reduce their consumption of hot water and if so why.In total, measurement data has been obtained from 2097 apartments distributed among 21 tenant-owned associations in Stockholm and Uppsala where Riksbyggen is the estate manager. The study also includes a comprehensive survey that was sent out to 975 apartments distributed among nine tenant-owned associations. The purpose of the survey is to get a better picture of how households reason about their hot water consumption. Through the database provided by Infometric, the work has had access to the apartments' actual hot water consumption. Thus, it has been possible to retrieve measurement data from all associations and to pair individual survey responses with the apartments' unique meter ID.The results presented in the study show that the associations are 27.1% below Boverkets supplement BEN for ordinary fixtures. At BEN for low-flush fixtures, the associations are 19.6% below the supplement. The study shows that factors such as the number of residents and the number of rooms and kitchens have a major impact on hot water consumption. Indications also show that bathtubs affect consumption to the negative to the extent that hot water consumption tends to increase. It also appears that residents are actively trying to minimize their hot water consumption where environmental reasons are stated as the main cause.
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Ruggles, Dorea Ruth. "Individual differences in processing of supra-threshold sound: an investigation of normal-hearing listeners." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32049.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>Normal hearing is typically defined by threshold audibility, or the loudness of sounds that an individual is able to hear. This convention exists despite the fact that everyday communication relies on extracting and interpreting features of supra-threshold sound. Many normal-hearing listeners struggle to perform certain supra-threshold auditory tasks, and debate persists as to whether such difficulties originate from deficits in cognitive processing or in peripheral, sensory encoding. In this work, we show that there are large individual differences among normal-hearing adults (18 to 55 years), who were asked to report a stream of digits located directly ahead in a simulated rectangular room. Simultaneous, competing masker digit streams were simulated at locations 15° left and right of center, and the level of reverberation was adjusted to vary task difficulty. Performance was best in the anechoic condition and worst in the high-reverberation condition, but listeners nearly always reported a digit from one of the three competing streams, showing that reverberation did not render the digits unintelligible. Most importantly, inter-subject differences were extremely large. These differences were not significantly correlated with age, memory span, or hearing status. They were, however, correlated with behavioral differences in the ability to detect small frequency modulations in pure tones and with the strength of the frequency following response (FFR), a physiological measure of spectro-temporal detail encoding in supra-threshold sounds early in the auditory pathway. The decomposition of the FFR into envelope and carrier components shows that envelope frequency following is the preferred cue for completing the spatial attention task, but it degrades with early aging. As a result, older listeners depend more on carrier phase locking cues than younger people. These results suggest that differences in peripheral encoding help explain individual differences in the ability to communicate in challenging settings, but that aging also has a separate, dissociable effect on early encoding in the auditory system. Tests like these may help tease apart contributions of peripheral and central deficits to communication impairments, ultimately leading to new approaches for helping listeners cope with complex listening environments.<br>2031-01-02
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Masson, Zargos Neves. "Avaliação do desempenho de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual com base em normas internacionais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/174436.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2016.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T04:12:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2016<br>Os aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) são atualmente as próteses mais utilizadas para reabilitação de pessoas com deficiência auditiva. Conhecer a performance eletroacústica do AASI e equipará-las com as necessidades do indivíduo é um fator crítico para o sucesso da adaptação do AASI à necessidade do usuário. Procedimentos para avaliação da performance eletroacústica dos aparelhos são descritos pelas principais normas de avaliação de AASI que incluem a série IEC 60118, a qual é composta por 15 partes. A parte 0 apresenta procedimentos para a determinação das principais informações que devem constar na folha de dados, enquanto a parte 7 estabelece procedimentos e tolerâncias para avaliações de controle de qualidade. Já a parte 8 utiliza um manequim para simular a performance do AASI em um individuo e inclui ensaios para a análise das características direcionais. Entretanto, o desempenho dos AASI em indivíduos reais podem diferir significativamente dos obtidos através das técnicas da série IEC 60118. Em vista disso, a IEC 61669 estipula uma série de procedimentos para realização de ensaios em orelha real, que são fundamentais para o processo de adaptação do AASI. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo implementar e avaliar os resultados obtidos através dos procedimentos estabelecidos pelas normas supracitadas. Os requisitos das normas foram analisados e soluções em termos de equipamentos foram propostas, seguidas por uma análise de incerteza das grandezas medidas. A implementação da parte 0 foi comparada e validada com base nos resultados produzidos por um laboratório acreditado. Seis AASIs comerciais foram avaliados segundo as tolerâncias da parte 7 e apresentaram a maioria dos resultados dentro dos limites de aceitação. Os resultados da parte 8 mostraram-se contundentes com o tipo de AASI testado. Por fim, os ensaios segundo a IEC 61669 foram conduzidos no manequim através de um sistema comercial de testes. Na comparação entre os resultados da parte 8 com a IEC 61669 foram encontradas diferenças relevantes, provavelmente oriundas de problemas no acoplamento e colocação do microfone sonda. A implementação dessas normas viabiliza ao laboratório a condução de futuras investigações na área de AASI. Além disso, o trabalho estabelece de forma detalhada soluções que obedecem os requisitos estabelecidos na norma e detalhes acerca da implementação dos procedimentos das mesmas.<br><br>Abstract : Hearing aids are currently the most common device used for rehabilitation of people with hearing impairments. The hearing aids electroacoustic performance is of utmost importance for hearing care professionals to properly choose and adapt the device for a particular individual. The evaluation of electroacoustic performance of hearing aids are described by the hearing aids main standards, which includes the IEC 60118 series. This series is composed by 15 parts; part 0 provides procedures for the determination of the key information to be included in the data sheet, while part 7 establishes procedures and tolerances for quality control assessments. Part 8 uses a manikin to simulate the performance of hearing aids in an individual and includes tests to analyze directional characteristics. However, the hearing aid performance in real individuals may differ significantly from those obtained through the techniques described by IEC 60118. As a result, the IEC 61669 provides a set of procedures for performing tests in real ear, which are fundamental to hearing aids fitting process. This paper aims to describe the implementation process and analysis of results obtained through the procedures established by the standards previously cited. The standards' requirements have been raised and solutions in terms of equipment was proposed, followed by an uncertainty analysis of the measured quantities. The implementation of Part 0 was compared and validated based on the results produced by an accredited laboratory. Six commercial hearing aids were evaluated according to the tolerance on part 7 and most of the results were found acceptable. The results of part 8 proved to be conclusive with the type of hearing aids tested. Finally, the tests according to IEC 61669 were conducted on the manikin using a commercial test system. The comparison between results of Part 8 and IEC 61669 revealed relevant differences, probably from the coupling and placement of the probe microphone. The implementation of these standards enables the laboratory to conduct further investigations on hearing aids area. In addition, this work establishes solutions that meet the standards requirements and describes in details the implementation of the procedures.
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Yip, Fiona Pik Ying. "Impact of breath group control on the speech of normals and individuals with cerebral palsy." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2264.
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Dysarthria is one of the most common signs of speech impairment in the cerebral palsy (CP) population. Facilitating strategies for speech enhancement in this population often include training on speech breathing. Treatment efficacy studies with cross-system measures in this population are needed for improved understanding and management of the interrelationship between respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of breath group control on the coordination of articulatory and phonatory muscles and the acoustic measures related to speech and voice quality. A simultaneous acoustic, electroglottographic (EGG), and marker-based facial tracking recording system was employed to monitor the speech production behaviors of four adults with CP and 16 neurologically healthy controls. Subjects were instructed to perform three tasks, each containing speech targets with a voiceless plosive (/p/, /t/, or /k/) preceding a vowel (/i/, /a/, /u/, or /ɔ/). Task 1 consisted of a short reading passage embedded with target vowels without cueing from breath group markers. Task 2 included reading a series of monosyllabic and 3-syllable or 5-syllable non-speech words with the speech targets. Task 3 included reading the same short passage from Task 1 with cueing from breath group markers separating the passage into phrases with no more than five syllables per phrase. Measures from the acoustic, EGG and facial tracking recordings of the first and last syllable of all syllable trains produced in the non-speech task and the target vowels in the passage reading task were examined. Acoustic measures included voice onset time (VOT), vowel duration, fundamental frequency (F0), percent jitter (%jitter), percent shimmer (%shimmer), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and frequencies of Formants one and two (F1 and F2). EGG measures included speed quotient (SQ) and open quotient (OQ). Facial tracking measures consisted of maximum jaw displacement. Individual and averaged data were submitted to a series of two-way Analysis of Variances (ANOVAs) or two-way Repeated Measures ANOVAs to determine the effects of the relative position of an utterance in the breath group and the place of articulation of the consonants involved. In addition, mean vowel spaces derived from all three tasks were examined. Results revealed significant changes of VOT, F1, F2, SNR and SQ as a function of position. Significant changes of VOT, vowel duration, F2, F0, %jitter, %shimmer, and maximum jaw displacement as a function of place of articulation were also evident. In particular, breath group control was found to result in expansion of vowel space, especially for individuals with CP. These findings suggest that proper phrasing enhances articulatory and phonatory stability, providing empirical evidences in support of its usage in treating individuals with CP.
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Bax, Trent Malcolm. ""Internet addiction" in contemporary China: individual pathology or pathology of normalcy?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45815021.
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Sobreira, Filho Jose. "Dentadura decidua : estudo cefalometrico de estruturas cranio faciais em individuos brasileiros dotados de oclusão dentaria normal." [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288348.
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Orientador: Norma Sabino Prates<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T02:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1991<br>Resumo: Não informado<br>Abstract: Not informed.<br>Mestrado<br>Ortodontia<br>Mestre em Ciências
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Xavier, Beatriz Rêgo. "A natureza contraditória do direito individual do trabalho brasileiro e a inefetividade das normas trabalhistas." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2012. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/89604.
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Previous issue date: 2012-06-27<br>This study aim was to assert the existence of a contradiction inherent to the labor s individual rights. This contradiction causes a social problem of inefficiency, or ineffectiveness, of the protective regulation norms. The 1988 Constitution expanded the role of social rights that were gradually consolidated by the Brazilian legal system, by preserving the capitalist mode of production and the welfare state. The Constitution ruptured with the labor protective laws by substituting the employment stability by the compensatory atonements. The coexistence of the principles of worker protection and the employer s will and autonomy expresses the contradiction of the labor law. The individual employment contract, as the core of the labor law, is governed by these principles. The employment relationship ensures protection to the employee against the exercise of the power by the employer during the term of the labor contract. However, at the time of the termination of the labor contract, the will of the employer prevails with complete freedom to dismiss the employee without a cause. The origin of the imbalance seen in the regulation of the employment relationship is found in the
capitalist model of production, which is driven by the demand for added value and
exploitation of the worker by the employer. Being an essential problem of the nature of the relationship between capital and labor, the contradiction is not caused by the effects of the economic globalization, however, the evolution of the capitalism aggravates the problem of the ineffectiveness of the protective regulations. Usually presented as a solution to the problems of the effectiveness of the law, alternative dispute resolutions do not lend themselves to address the effectiveness of the labor s individual rights, because none of them promotes the balance of the forces involved in the employment relationship. To counteract the effects of contradiction of the individual labor law with regard to the issue of effectiveness, it is necessary that the Brazilian State to position itself in order to harmonize the system of dismissal without a justifiable cause with the current regulations for the worker protection in the contract norms. The best way to achieve this harmony is the regulation of the 7th Article of the Constitution by means of a supplementary law creating objective criteria for dismissal of the employee, related to technical and economic factors in opposite to the arbitrary dismissal based only on the employer will.
Keywords: Effectiveness. Labor Contract. Protection.<br>O objetivo desta tese foi afirmar a existência de uma contradição inerente ao direito individual do trabalho. Esta contradição provoca um problema de ineficácia social, ou inefetividade, das normas de caráter protetivo. A Constituição de 1988 ampliou o rol de direitos sociais paulatinamente consolidado pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, ao tempo em que preservou o modo capitalista de produção e o Estado do bem estar social. Ao excluir a estabilidade do quadro de direitos do trabalhador e substituí-la pela indenização compensatória a Constituição provocou um ruptura no modelo de proteção do direito do trabalho brasileiro. A coexistência dos princípios da proteção ao trabalhador e da autonomia da vontade dos particulares exprime a contradição do direito do trabalho. O contrato individual de trabalho como núcleo central do direito do trabalho é regulado por estes princípios. A relação de emprego assegura ao trabalhador a proteção frente ao exercício do poder empregatício, na vigência do contrato. No entanto, no momento da cessação do contrato, prevalece a expressão da vontade do empregador representada pela ampla liberdade de dispensar sem justa causa. A origem do desequilíbrio visto na regulação da relação de emprego é encontrada no modelo de produção capitalista, guiado pela procura pela mais valia e a exploração do trabalhador pelo empregador. Sendo um problema essencial à natureza da relação entre capital e trabalho, a contradição não é ocasionada pelos efeitos da globalização da economia, entretanto, a evolução do capitalismo agrava o problema da ineficácia das normas de proteção. Costumeiramente apresentadas como solução para os problemas de eficácia do direito, as formas extrajudiciais de resolução de conflitos não se prestam a resolver o problema da
efetividade do direito individual do trabalho, pois nenhuma delas promove o equilíbrio das forças do contrato de trabalho. Para neutralizar os efeitos da contradição do Direito individual do trabalho, no tocante ao problema da efetividade, é preciso que o Estado brasileiro se posicione no sentido de harmonizar o sistema da dispensa sem justa causa com a proteção do trabalhador que já existe no desenvolvimento do contrato. A melhor forma de alcançar esta harmonia é a regulamentação do artigo 7o da Constituição por meio de lei complementar que crie critérios objetivos relacionados a fatores técnicos e econômicos, que atendidos pelo empregador no ato da dispensa, afastam a figura da dispensa arbitrária.
Palavras-chave: Efetividade. Contrato de trabalho. Proteção.
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Gaboury, Allison R. "Construct validity and diagnostic utility of the cognitive assessment system : discriminating individuals with ADHD from random normals /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131559529.pdf.
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Nielsen, Eric L., Robert J. De Rosa, Jason Wang, et al. "DYNAMICAL MASS MEASUREMENT OF THE YOUNG SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY V343 NORMAE AaAb RESOLVED WITH THE GEMINI PLANET IMAGER." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622436.
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We present new spatially resolved astrometry and photometry from the Gemini Planet Imager of the inner binary of the young multiple star system V343 Normae, which is a member of the beta Pictoris (beta Pic) moving group. V343 Normae comprises a K0 and mid-M star in a similar to 4.5 year orbit (AaAb) and a wide 10 '' M5 companion (B). By combining these data with archival astrometry and radial velocities we fit the orbit and measure individual masses for both components of M-Aa = 1.10 +/- 0.10M(circle dot) and M-Ab= 0.290 +/- 0.018 M-circle dot. Comparing to theoretical isochrones, we find good agreement for the measured masses and JHK band magnitudes of the two components consistent with the age of the beta Pic moving group. We derive a model-dependent age for the beta Pic moving group of 26 +/- 3 Myr by combining our results for V343 Normae with literature measurements for GJ. 3305, which is another group member with resolved binary components and dynamical masses.
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Aihara, Cristina. "Perfil facial : estudo em individuos dotados de oclusão normal e de maloclusão classe II divisão1 de Angle." [s.n.], 1989. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290594.
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Orientador: Clotildes Fernandes Peters<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T00:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1989<br>Resumo: O autor trabalhando com telerradiografias laterais de 20 indivíduos dotados de "oclusão normal" e 40 portadores de maloclusâo
classe II divisão 1 propôs estabelecer valores do perfil tegumentar para as medidas do ângulo Z, espessura do queixo total e espessura do lábio superior, na "oclusâo normal" e classe II divisâo 1 no início e final do tratamento, bem como verificar as modificações decorrentes do tratamento ortodôntico. Baseado nos resultados obtidos concluiu que: 1. os valores médios do ângulo Z, espessura do queixo total e espessura do lãbio superlor, para a "oclus"âo normal", foram de 73,450, 13,92mm e 12,47mm, respectivamente; 2. os valores médios do ângulo Z, espessura do queixo total
e espessura do lábio superior, para a classe 11 divisâo 1, foram de 62,110, 12,91mm e 11,68mm, respectivamente; 3. os valores médios do ângulo Z, espessura do queixo total e espessura do lábio superior, para a classe II divisão 1 após a finalizaçâo do tratamento, foram de 68,420, 14,90mm e 13,67mm, respectivamente; 4. os indivíduos portadores de maloclusâo classe II divisão 1, apresentaram um perfil facial tegumentar, evidenciado através do ângulo Z, mais convexo quando comparado ao dos indivíduos dotados de "oclusão normal"; 5. os indivíduos portadores de maloclusâo
classe II divisâo 1 apresentaram valor para a espessura do queixo total muito próximo àqueles obtidos para os indivíduos dotados de
"oclusâo normal"; 6. após a terapia ortodôntica, os indivíduos 81 portadores de maloclusão classe II divisão 1, apresentaram um perfil menos convexo; 7. após a terapia ortodôntica, os indivíduos portadores de maloclusão classe II divisão 1, apresentaram a espessura do queixo total e a espessura do lábio superior maiores que a do início do tratamento e também mais elevadas quando comparad as a dos indivíduos dotados de "oclusão normal"; 8. todas as medidas cefalométricas estudadas, evidenciaram aumento nos indivíduos portadores de maloclusão classe 11 divisão 1, após finalização
do tratamento ortodôntico; 9. as modificações que ocorreram nos terços médio e inferior da face, contribuíram sobremaneira para o aprimoramento do perfil dos pacientes; 10. os indivíduos brasileiros dotados de "oclusão normal" e portadores de maloclusão classe II divisão 1 das amostras estudadas possuem a espessura do queixo total maior que a espessura do lábio superior<br>Abstract: The author working lateral telerradiographies from 20 persons with "normal occlusion" and 40 carriers of class II division
1 malocclusion proposed to establish values of tegumental profile for the measure of the Z angle, total chin and upper lip thickness, in "normal occlusion" and class II division 1 at the beginning and at the end of treatment, as well as verify changes from orthodontic treatment. Based on the results obtained it was concluded that: 1. mean values of the Z angle, total chin thickness and upper lip thickness in "normal occlusion" were of 73,45º
13,92mm and 12,47mm, respectively; 2. mean values of the Z angle, total chin thickness and upper lip thickness for class II division 1 were of 62,110, 12,91mm and 11,68mm, respectively; 3. men values of the Z angle, total chin thickness and upper lip thickness for class II division 1 after ending treatment were of 68,420, 14, 90mm and 13,67mm, respectively; 4. carrier persons of class II division 1 malocclusion presented a tegumental facialprofile, manifested through Z angle, convexer when compared to those of persons witn "normal occlusion"; 5. carrier persons of class II division 1 malocclusion presented value for the total chin thickness nearest to that obtained to persons with "normal occlusion"; 6. after an orthodontic treatment, persons who carry class II division 1 malocclusion showed a profile less convex; 7. after orthodontic treatment, carrier persons of class 11 divison 1 malocclusion presented total chin thickness and upper lip thickness larger than before beginning treatment and also larger when compared
to those persons with "normal occlusion"; 8. all cephalometric measures studied evidenced increase in carrier persons of class II division 1 malocclusion after ending orthodontic treatment. changes occurred in the mean and interior thirds of the face concurred greatly to the perfection of the patients profile; 10. Brazilian persons with "normal occlusion" and carriers of class II division 1 malocclusion in the studied sample have total chin thickness larger than upper lip thickness<br>Mestrado<br>Ortodontia<br>Mestre em Ciências
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Murtada, Dima. "L’implication dans la création normative en milieu de travail : étude d’une entreprise d’installation et de maintenance de matériel électrique et thermique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100036.
Full textAbstract:
La création des normes au sein des organisations est un phénomène assujetti aux influences sociales, aux interactions entre les individus, aux négociations entre acteurs et à la diffusion des innovations. L’individu a une place centrale dans ce phénomène, que ce soit par l’initiation d’une nouvelle norme, son acceptation ou sa diffusion. La contribution des individus à la création normative est pourtant peu étudiée par la littérature. Notre recherche propose d’isoler des cas d’implications individuelles envers la création de normes spécifiques. L’objectif étant de saisir la richesse des apports des individus à cette création et de mieux comprendre les raisons derrière leurs actions en faveur d’une nouvelle norme. La recherche présente la formation de l’implication sous la forme d’un processus comportant trois phases : la remise en cause du statu quo, l’évaluation positive de l’implication et la manifestation de l’implication par des actions et des comportements en faveur de la nouvelle norme. Ce processus est traversé par des déterminants affectifs et cognitifs chez les individus et est favorisé par des facteurs d’ordre personnel, interpersonnel, sociétal et organisationnel<br>The creation of norms within organizations is a phenomenon that is subject to social influences, interactions between individuals, negotiations between actors and the diffusion of innovations. The individual has a key role in this phenomenon through the initiation of a new norm, its acceptance or its diffusion. However, the contribution of individuals to normative creation is not fully exploited by the literature. The objective of the current research was to bridge this gap by isolating cases of individual commitments for the creation of specific norms. The purpose is to capture the richness of individuals' contributions to this creation and to better understand the reasons behind their actions in favour of a new norm. The research presents the formation of commitment in the form of a three-phase process : questioning the status quo, evaluating commitment positively and manifesting commitment through actions and behaviours. This process is driven by emotional and cognitive determinants within individuals and is enabled by personal, interpersonal, societal and organizational factors
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Gerlach, Philipp. "The Social Framework of Individual Decisions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18725.
Full textAbstract:
Wann und warum verhalten sich Menschen ethisch (in-)korrekt? Die vorliegende Dissertation fasst allgemeine Theorien und experimentelle Befunde (nicht-)kooperativen, (un-)fairen und (un-)ehrlichen Verhaltens zusammen. Hierzu führt Kapitel 1 experimentelle Spiele als rigoroses Instrument zur Untersuchung (un-)ethischen Verhaltens ein. Kapitel 2 zeigt, dass sich kleine Veränderungen in der kontextuellen Rahmung von experimentellen Spielen langanhaltend auf die Kooperationsneigung der Teilnehmer auswirken können. Kontextuelle Rahmungen verändern zudem Verhaltenserwartungen sowie Aufteilungen in nicht-strategischen Situationen. Diese Effekte sind durch Theorien sozialer Normen erklärbar. Kapitel 3 ergründet, warum sich Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften teils egoistischer verhalten als ihre Kommilitonen. Theorien sozialer Normen werden hierbei um die Bereitschaft erweitert, Nonkonformität mittels Sanktionen zu erzwingen. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften und anderer Fächer in ihren Aufteilungsentscheidungen ähnlich häufig mit Fairness beschäftigen und zu ähnlichen Einschätzungen kommen, welche Aufteilung als fair gilt. Sie teilen jedoch weniger großzügig und erwarten dies auch von anderen. Zudem sind sie weniger bereit, als unfair angesehene Aufteilungen zu sanktionieren. Es wird argumentiert, dass sich Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften egoistischer verhalten, weil sie nicht daran glauben, dass sich andere an eine grundsätzlich geteilte Fairnessnorm halten. Kapitel 4 zeigt, dass intrinsische Sanktionen (wie Scham und Schuld) ausreichen, damit sich Menschen ethisch korrekt verhalten. Das Kapitel bietet zahlreiche Antworten zu aktuellen Debatten, wer sich unter welchen Umständen (un-)ehrlich verhält. Es wird gezeigt, dass Ehrlichkeit sowohl von situativen Einflüssen (z.B. Anreizen und Externalitäten) wie von persönlichen Aspekten (z.B. Geschlecht und Alter) und letztlich auch vom experimentellen Paradigma abhängt.<br>When and why do people engage in (un)ethical behavior? This dissertation summarizes general theories and synthesizes experimental findings on (non)cooperation, (un)fairness, and (dis)honesty. To this end, Chapter 1 introduces experimental games as a rigorous tool for studying (un)ethical behavior. Chapter 2 demonstrates that small changes in the framing of context (e.g., referring to a social dilemma as a competition vs. a team endeavor) can have long-lasting effects on the participants’ propensity to cooperate. Context framing also shapes beliefs about the cooperative behavior of interaction partners and donations in non-strategic allocation decisions. Taken together, the results suggest that social norm theories provide a plausible explanation for cooperation, including its sensitivity to context framing. Chapter 3 investigates why experimental games regularly find that economics students behave more selfishly than their peers. The concept of social norms is thereby extended to include the enforcement of compliance per sanctions. The results indicate that economics students and students of other majors are about equally concerned with fairness and they have similar notions of fairness in the situation. However, economics students make lower allocations, expect others to make lower allocations, and are less willing to sanction allocations seen as unfair. Skepticism mediated their lower allocations, suggesting that economics students behave more selfishly because they expect others not to comply with a shared fairness norm. Chapter 4 shows that intrinsic sanctions (e.g., shame and guilt) can be sufficient for ethical behavior to emerge. The chapter provides answers to many of the ongoing debates on who behaves dishonestly and under what circumstances. The findings suggest that dishonest behavior depends on situational factors (e.g., reward magnitude and externalities), personal factors (e.g., gender and age) as well as on the experimental paradigm itself.