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1
Coelho, Filipa Daniel. "Medidas não farmacológicas no trabalho de parto: níveis de dor e ansiedade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29806.
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Introdução: No Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica da Universidade de Évora, desenvolve-se o Estágio de Natureza Profissional, que tem como finalidade adquirir competências específicas referentes ao enfermeiro especialista. Objetivo: Descrever através do relatório o processo de aquisição de competências nas várias áreas da Saúde Materna e Obstétrica. Metodologia: Descrição e análise das diversas vivências ocorridas durante o estágio. Apresentação dos resultados sobre os sentimentos da mulher durante o trabalho de parto e da aplicação do uso de medidas não farmacológicas. Resultados: Adquiridas as competências comuns e específicas. A aplicação de medidas não farmacológicas foi inferior à desejada. O uso deste tipo de medidas não é, de todo, frequente nas instituições de saúde. Conclusão: A diversidade de experiências permitiram o desenvolvimento de competências clínicas e de Investigação. Os resultados do estudo demonstram a importância das técnicas não farmacológicas; Abstract:
Title: Non-Pharmacological Measures in Childbirth: Levels of Pain and Anxiety
Introduction: In the Masters in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing at the University of Évora, the Professional Nature Internship is developed, which aims to acquire specific skills related to the specialist nurse. Objective: To describe through the report the process of acquiring skills in the various areas of Maternal and Obstetric Health. Methodology: Description and analysis of the different experiences that occurred during the internship. Presentation of the results about the woman's feelings during labor and the application of the use of non-pharmacological measures. Results: Common and specific skills acquired. The application of non-pharmacological measures was less than desired. The use of this type of measures is not at all frequent in health institutions. Conclusion: The diversity of experiences allowed the development of clinical and research skills. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of non-pharmacological techniques.
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Medin, Jonas. "Career- And Vocational Guidance At Beijing Normal University : A Minor Field Study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80827.
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The field study explores the experiences that Chinese students at Beijing Normal University have fromCareer Orientation (CO) and examines the purpose that career teachers at the university have in theCO-work. Interviews with three career teachers and five students were done.The results show that all of the students had experiences from CO in different forms. However, mostof the experiences that the students had from CO were connected to lectures about work possibilitiesand preparations rather than one-on-one career guiding sessions with a career teacher. Furthermore,the experiences also showed that the work that was done by the career teachers was much focused tothe end of the student’s education and the transmission from education to labor market.
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Gleisner, Jenny. "Negotiating the Normal Birth : Norms and Emotions in Midwifery Education." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100671.
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Pregnancies and childbirths are not just biological or medical events. Childbirths are also emotionally intense situations, not only for the parents-to-be but also for those who work in delivery care. In addition, pregnancies and childbirths are sociocultural situations; there are norms regarding the normal birth. The study investigates how future midwives learn about the interactive and emotional work involved in supporting women in delivery care. It focuses on norms about the normal birthing trajectory and on how a midwife should encounter patients’ feelings and handle her own feelings in a “proper” way. Based on observations of collaborative group discussions within Swedish universitybased midwifery education, the study shows how students negotiate the appropriate feeling norms in normal birth, as well as in complicated and even tragic situations. In focus are their discussions on how to support the birthing women, their partners, and the babies, and the categorization work needed to recognize potential deviations from the normal birth. The study is based on a situated learning perspective on education, and combines sociological and anthropological approaches to emotions to elucidate how students within midwifery education negotiate the professional handling of normal and complicated births and the attendant feeling norms.Graviditeter och förlossningar är inte bara biologiska eller medicinska händelser. Förlossningar är också känslomässigt intensiva situationer, både för de blivande föräldrarna och för dem som arbetar inom förlossningsvård. Graviditeter och förlossningar kan dessutom ses som sociokulturella händelser och det finns normer om den normala förlossningen. I avhandlingen undersöks hur framtida barnmorskor lär sig att stödja kvinnor inom förlossningsvården och det interaktiva och emotionella arbete som det innebär. Avhandlingen fokuserar på normer om den normala förlossningstrajektorian samt hur en barnmorska ska bemöta patienternas känslor och hantera sina egna känslor på ett ”korrekt” sätt. Baserat på observationer av basgruppsgruppdiskussioner under den universitetsförlagda delen av en barnmorskeutbildning, visar studien hur barnmorskestudenter förhandlar känslonormer i relation till normal förlossning samt till komplicerade och även tragiska situationer. I fokus är studenternas diskussioner om hur de kan stödja de födande kvinnor, deras partners och barn samt den kategorisering som behövs för att identifiera eventuella avvikelser från den normala förlossningen. Studien bygger på ett situerat lärandeperspektiv på utbildning och kombinerar sociologiska och antropologiska förhållningssätt till känslor för att på så sätt belysa hur studenter inom en barnmorskeutbildning förhandlar hur normala och komplicerade förlossningar bör hanteras och de känslonormer som framkommer.
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Oliveira, Nayara Rodrigues Gomes de. "Assistência ao parto normal em duas maternidades públicas: percepção de puérperas e profissionais de saúde." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6213.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
Objectives: This research consists of two papers, the first of which aimed to verify that the practices recommended by the WHO for assistance to labor and birth are being applied in two reference hospitals (maternity 1 and maternity 2) and ascertain the perception of mothers in meeting the service and received service. The second aimed to assess the perception of health professionals involved in the process of labor as the humanization and delivery care, and compare the two hospitals as use of routines and practices recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) the normal birth care. Materials and Methods: To achieve these goals has an analytical comparative study with a quantitative approach in two public hospitals in the city of Goiania. Questionnaires were applied based on the study of Boaretto, Ribeiro, Pinto (2003), which assessed the perception of managers and customers about the humanization policy in labor and birth. Data collection was conducted from May to October 2015. participated in the first study 170 women who were in the immediate postpartum (puerperal) awaiting discharge at the two hospitals, and participated in a total of 84 mothers in maternity and 1 86 mothers in maternity 2. in the second study participated 86 professionals working in assistance to the immediate labor in the two hospitals, and 43 professionals were maternity 1 and 43 maternity 2. data analysis was performed using the test , Chi square and Fisher's exact test. Results: It was observed that the WHO best practices during labor were prevalent in maternity 2 while on maternity 1 some practices are not being applied. Encouraging the use of non-pharmacological methods of pain relief was predominant in the two hospitals. As for the satisfaction of mothers on the care provided, most of the interviewees said that it was satisfied with the service. Conclusion: It was observed that with regard to best practices recommended by the WHO, most maternity professionals 2 said that performs while on maternity 1, although many of these are present, there are still many unnecessary interventions.
Objetivos:Esta pesquisa consiste em dois artigos científicos, sendo que o primeiro teve como objetivos verificar quais as práticas recomendadas pelo OMS para a assistência ao parto e nascimento estão sendo aplicadas em duas maternidades de referência (maternidade 1 e maternidade 2) e averiguar a percepção das puérperas quanto à satisfação do serviço e atendimento recebidos. Já o segundo teve como objetivos, avaliar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos no processo do trabalho de parto quanto à humanização e assistência ao parto, e comparar as duas maternidades quanto utilização das rotinas e práticas recomendadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para a assistência ao parto normal. Material e Método: Para atingir esses objetivos fez-se um estudo analítico, comparativo com abordagem quantitativa em duas maternidades públicas da cidade de Goiânia. Foram aplicados questionários baseados no estudo de Boaretto, Ribeiro, Pinto (2003), que avaliou a percepção dos dirigentes e clientela quanto à política de humanização ao parto e nascimento. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de maio a outubro de 2015. Participaram do primeiro estudo 170 mulheres que estavam no pós-parto imediato (puérperas) aguardando alta hospitalar nas duas maternidades, sendo que participaram um total de 84 puérperas na maternidade 1 e de 86 puérperas na maternidade 2. Já no segundo estudo participaram 86 profissionais que atuavam na assistência ao trabalho de parto imediato nas duas maternidades, sendo que 43 profissionais eram da maternidade 1 e 43 da maternidade 2. A análise dos dados foi realizada através dos testes, Qui Quadrado e Teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Observouse que as práticas recomendadas pela OMS durante o trabalho de parto foram predominantes na maternidade 2 enquanto que na maternidade 1 algumas práticas não estão sendo aplicadas. O incentivo do uso dos métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor foi predominante nas duas maternidades. Quanto à satisfação das puérperas quanto ao atendimento prestado, a maioria das entrevistadas disse que estava satisfeita com o atendimento. Conclusão: Observou-se que com relação às boas práticas recomendadas pela OMS, a maioria dos profissionais da maternidade 2 afirmou que as realiza, enquanto que na maternidade 1, apesar de muitas dessas estarem presentes, ainda há muitas intervenções desnecessárias.
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Martins, Renata Duval. "Servidão doméstica : uma análise do caso Siwa-Akofa Siliadin à luz das normas da organização internacional do trabalho." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165132.
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O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar o caso da jovem Siwa-Akofa Siliadin, aliciada no Togo, em 1994, para prestar serviços na França como doméstica. Ao chegar no país foi submetida à servidão, impedida de completar os seus estudos e sem receber qualquer remuneração pelos serviços prestados, tampouco direitos laborais mínimos como o limite da jornada de trabalho diária, o descanso semanal remunerado e a habitação adequada lhe foram fornecidos. Trata-se de um leading case que aborda as práticas de tráfico humano, de trabalho forçado e de servidão doméstica. A escravidão contemporânea ocorre através do trabalho forçado, este se dividindo em espécies dentre as quais estão o trabalho escravo, a servidão e a servidão por dívida. Com quaisquer destas práticas pode ocorrer simultaneamente o tráfico de pessoas. A prática da escravidão doméstica, também chamada de servidão doméstica, inclui-se no rol de trabalhos forçados, verificando-se no caso concreto a qual das espécies de servidão pertence. Ocorre tanto em países ricos quanto em países emergentes e tem como grupo de pessoas mais vulnerável aos aliciadores as mulheres, os menores de idade, os migrantes, os pobres, os de baixa escolaridade. Normas internacionais laborais proíbem a escravidão contemporânea em todas as suas formas e obrigam os Estados a legislar a fim de coibir tenazmente em seu território tais condutas. Quando um Estado falha em prestar a necessária proteção ao trabalhador, não sendo possível a este se socorrer sequer no Poder Judiciário, pode a vítima pleitear alguma reparação nas Cortes Internacionais de Direitos Humanos. No caso ora analisado, as decisões das cortes nacionais francesas poderiam ter sido proferidas com base em normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho internalizadas pela França, bem como normas não ratificadas poderiam ter sido utilizadas em caráter interpretativo da vaga e escassa legislação pátria. Em âmbito internacional, o Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos não é o único órgão dotado de capacidade punitiva, a própria Organização Internacional do Trabalho pode ser acionada por meio de reclamação ou queixa contra Estados Membros que ratificam normas e as descumprem ou negligenciam sua efetividade, podendo esta punição ser aplicada concomitantemente à proferida pela supracitada Corte. O estudo é dividido em três partes: a primeira aborda as especificidades do caso Siliadin, conceitos pertinentes aos fatos narrados, estudo do processo judicial em âmbito francês e análise da decisão do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos; a segunda analisa as normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho como normas de jus cogens laboral e núcleo duro de direito laboral, ressaltando como consequências à violação das referidas normas as reclamações e as queixas à Organização Internacional do Trabalho; a terceira analisa a incorporação e aplicação do direito internacional no âmbito interno dos Estados, frisando a possibilidade do emprego de normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho na solução do litígio entre Siliadin e os empregadores.O método utilizado no presente trabalho é o indutivo, bem como se valeu da análise de caso com base em normas específicas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho sobre trabalho forçado (nº 29 e nº 105), discriminação (nº 100 e nº 111), trabalho doméstico (nº 189), trabalho infantojuvenil (nº 138 e nº 182) e trabalho do migrante (nº 143). Por fim, conclui-se pela necessária aplicação do direito internacional laboral na esfera processual interna dos Estados e a maior ingerência dos organismos internacionais trabalhistas a fim de garantir a efetividade das normas internacionais laborais.This study aims to analyze the case of Siwa-Akofa Siliadin, a teenager enticed in the Togo, in 1994, into providing services as a domestic servant in France. Upon arriving in the country she was subjected to bondage, could not go to school and received neither payment for her services nor the minimum labor rights, such as limit to daily working hours, weekly paid rest and an adequate housing. It is a leading case which deals with human trafficking practices, forced labor and domestic servitude. Contemporary slavery takes place through forced labor, comprised into species among which are slave labor, servitude and debt bondage. With any of these practices trafficking of persons can occur simultaneously. The practice of domestic slavery, also called domestic servitude, is included in the list of forced labor, verifying to which species of bondage each case belongs. It occurs both in rich countries and emerging countries and the most vulnerable persons are women, minors, migrants, the poor, and the less educated. International labor standards prohibit contemporary slavery in all its forms and require states to legislate to curb such conduct tenaciously in their territory. When a state fails to provide the necessary protection to workers, not making possible for them even to seek help from the judiciary power, the victim can claim some compensation in the international human rights courts. In the case under analysis, the decisions of the French national courts could have been rendered based on standards of the International Labour Organization internalized by France, and unratified standards could have been used to interpret vague and scarce national legislation. Internationally, the European Court of Human Rights is not the only body with punitive capacity, the International Labour Organization itself can be activated by means of complaint or claim against member states that ratify standards and then violate or neglect their effectiveness, and this punishment may be applied simultaneously to that decided by the above cited court. The study is divided into three parts: the first one dealing with the specificities of the Siliadin case, concepts related to the facts narrated, the study of the judicial process in French courts and analysis of the decision of the European Court of Human Rights; the second examining the norms of the International Labor Organization as labor jus cogens and labor law hard core, highlighting as consequences to the violation of these rules complaints and claims to the International Labor Organization; the third analyzing the incorporation and application of international law in the domestic sphere of the States, emphasizing the possibility of the use of International Labor Organization rules in resolving the dispute between Siliadin and the employers. The method used in this work is the inductive, and also the case analysis based on specific standards of the International Labour Organization on forced labor (no. 29 and no. 105), discrimination (no. 100 and no. 111), domestic service (no. 189), child labor (no. 138 and no. 182) and migrant labor (no. 143). Finally, it is concluded by the necessary application of international labor law in the domestic procedures of the States and the greater interference of international labor organizations in order to ensure the effectiveness of international labor standards.
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Bio, Eliane Rodrigues. "Intervenção fisioterapêutica na assistência ao trabalho de parto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-12022008-141747/.
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A assistência ao trabalho de parto envolve constante atualização sobre as intervenções obstétricas benéficas e necessárias para o nascimento seguro. Neste sentido, há uma redescoberta das posturas verticais e da liberdade de movimento da parturiente como prática eficiente para facilitar o trabalho de parto. Paralelamente, há uma tendência mundial à valorização do parto vaginal, a despeito das altas taxas de cesárea em nosso meio. Nesse contexto, se insere a proposta de intervenção fisioterapêutica na assistência ao trabalho de parto, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da mobilidade da parturiente sobre a progressão da fase ativa, sobre a evolução da dilatação cervical e para facilitar o parto vaginal. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico controlado prospectivo, com análise comparativa entre um grupo de estudo e um grupo controle, no Centro Obstétrico do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. Os critérios de inclusão foram: primigestas em trabalho de parto espontâneo com pelo menos duas contrações a cada dez minutos e cérvico-dilatação de 3 a 4 cm; idade gestacional entre 37 e 42 semanas; feto único em apresentação cefálica fletida e concordância em assinar o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Foram excluídas parturientes com patologias clínicas. As parturientes foram acompanhadas pela mesma fisioterapeuta durante toda a fase ativa e orientadas a manterem-se em posições verticais e em movimento coordenado, principalmente a mobilidade pélvica.O grupo controle teve acompanhamento obstétrico sem a presença do fisioterapeuta e foi selecionado retrospectivamente, a partir dos registros de prontuário, com os mesmos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A amostra estudada foi de 132 parturientes: 70 no grupo de estudo e 62 no grupo controle. No grupo de estudo, 62 parturientes (89%) evoluíram para parto vaginal e oito (11%) para cesárea. Entre as parturientes que evoluíram para parto vaginal, 50 o fizeram sem uso de ocitócico e a média de duração da fase ativa foi de 5h16min, enquanto que no grupo controle foi de 8h28min (p<0,001);nenhuma parturiente fez uso de analgésicos durante a fase ativa, ao passo que no grupo controle 62% das parturientes necessitaram de fármacos (p<0,001); quanto a anestesia para o parto, nas parturientes do grupo de estudo 12% não fizeram uso de anestesia, 76% usaram anestesia entre 9 e 10 cm de dilatação; no controle, todas as parturientes usaram algum tipo de anestesia e 40% delas o fizeram entre 7 e 8cm de dilatação (p<0,001). As 12 parturientes que evoluíram para parto vaginal com uso de ocitocina durante a fase ativa, devido a hipoatividade uterina, tiveram, em média, 7h de fase ativa e o controle, 11h (p=0,059); o grupo de estudo iniciou mais tardiamente o uso de ocitocina e durante menos tempo(p<0,05); nenhuma parturiente fez uso de analgésicos, enquanto que no controle 83% usaram fármacos para analgesia (p<0,001). Concluiu-se que a ação na estrutura osteomuscular facilitou a progressão da fase ativa, a mobilidade pélvica promoveu a evolução da dilatação e o uso consciente do corpo favoreceu o parto vaginal.Obstetrics intervention during labor involves a continuous up date on childbirth safety. Thus, vertical positions and free movements of woman, have been rediscovered as an efficient practice, to make easy the evolution of labor. Parallelly, there is a worldwide opinion supporting natural childbirth, despite the high scores of cesarean section in our country. This is the argument of physiotherapy intervention during labor for evaluate the influence of the maternal mobility on the progression of the active phase of labor, on the evolution of cervical dilatation and to facilitate the vaginal delivery. A prospective clinical trial was conducted through comparative analysis among a treatment group and a control group, in the Obstetric Center of the Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. The inclusion criteria were: primigravidae with spontaneous labor with two uterine contractions every ten minutes and 3 or 4 cm of cervical dilatation; with 37 to 42 weeks of pregnancy; with a single fetus on cephalic presentation, besides the agreement to sign the free and informed consent term. Patients with clinical affections were excluded. Patients were assisted by the same physiotherapist during the whole active phase and encouraged to stay in vertical positions and to move in coordenation and specially pelvic mobility. Control group had an obstetric support without the presence of the physiotherapist and it was selected retrospectively, according to the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. 132 primigravidae were accompained: 70 in the treatment group and 62 in the control group. In the treatment group, 62 (89%) evolved to vaginal delivery and eight (11%) evolved to cesarean section. Among the patients who evolved to vaginal delivery, 50 didn\'t use ocitocina and the mean of active phase was 5h16min, and in the control group the mean was 8h28min (p<0,001); none of the patients used analgesics during the active phase, but in the control group 62% of the patients needed farmacos (p<0,001); as far as anesthesia for delivery is concearned, in the treatment group 12% didn\'t use any, 76% used anesthesia between 9 and10cm of dilatation; in the control group, all the patients used some kind of anesthesia and 40% of them did it between 7 and 8cm of dilatation (p<0,001). The 12 patients who evolved to vaginal delivery with ocitocina during the active phase, due to an uterine hipoactivity, had a mean of 7h duration active phase and the control group, 11h (p=0,059); the treatment group started later with the ocitocina and for a short period of time (p<0,05); none of the patients used analgesics whereas in the control group 83% used farmacos for analgesia (p<0,001). It follows that the intervention in the osteo and muscular structure facilited the progression of active phase, the pelvic mobility promoted the evolution of dilatation and the conscious use of the body improved the vaginal delivery.
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Supioni, Junior Claudimir. "Teoria da eficácia ultraterritorial das normas coletivas de trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20655.
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This research reports findings resulted in a theoretical model, aiming to describe and systemizing the efficacy of collective labor standards of Brazilian territorial scope. The research problem is represented by the following question: Would collective bargaining instruments be capable of producing effects on a geographic area broader than the territorial base of the document’s signatory unions, to the extent of also considering the labour occurred in another locality? Owing to a gap in literature on the subject, similar concepts were adopted from other branches of the legal science. The theoretical rationale was derived from the richness of the Private International Law’s literacy, for presenting the necessary postulations for object’s confrontation. The research method comprised of commencing from hypothesis or conjecture, inferring its consequences, applying tests of falsifiability and, at the end, support or refute hypothesis or initial conjecture. Such method allowed to validate several premises that converged into three central postulates, that altogether built the foundation of the presented thesis: (i) the individual contract of employment is not necessarily ruled by the conventional norms celebrated by the union, whose territorial base lies in the place the worker performs his professional activities; (ii) the employment relationship is ruled by collective norms whereby a closer bond exists, in accordance with the principle of proximity; (iii) it is possible that different aspects of labour contract may connect with different collective norms, as they have a closer interconnection amongst them, as per the deduction’s method guides. Despite indeterminacy caused by the proximity’s principle, this research advanced forward and investigated assumptions of closer bonds, clearly constructed hypothetically and aprioristically, formulating then an application model synthesized in the sequence of statements presented in its concluding chapter
O documento relata pesquisa que resultou em um modelo teórico com pretensões de descrever e sistematizar a eficácia das normas coletivas de trabalho no plano espacial interno brasileiro. O problema central do estudo pode ser sintetizado na seguinte questão: os instrumentos de contratação coletiva seriam capazes de produzir efeitos em uma dimensão geográfica mais abrangente do que a base territorial dos sindicatos subscritores do documento, a ponto de também alcançarem o fato trabalho ocorrido em outra localidade? Em razão da ausência de material bibliográfico específico sobre o tema, prospectou-se padrões conceituais em outros ramos da ciência jurídica, tendo-se encontrado na rica produção doutrinária em Direito Internacional Privado o substrato teórico necessário para o enfrentamento do seu objeto. O método de investigação empregado consistiu em se partir de uma hipótese ou conjectura, deduzir suas consequências, aplicar testes de falseabilidade e, ao final, corroborar ou refutar a hipótese ou conjectura inicial. Tal método permitiu validar diversas premissas que convergiram para três postulados centrais que, em conjunto, compõem a tese defendida pelo autor: (i) o contrato individual de trabalho não é regido, necessariamente, pelas normas convencionais celebradas pelo sindicato cuja base territorial compreende o local em que o trabalhador executa as suas atividades profissionais; (ii) a relação de emprego é regida pelas normas coletivas com as quais mantiver um relacionamento mais estreito, em conformidade com o princípio da proximidade; (iii) é possível que diferentes aspectos do contrato de trabalho se conectem com diferentes normas coletivas, conforme apresentem com elas uma conexão mais estreita, tal como orienta o método da dépeçage. Diante da indeterminação gerada pelo princípio da proximidade, a pesquisa avançou e investigou presunções de conexão mais estreita, evidentemente construídas de forma hipotética e apriorística, desenvolvendo um modelo de aplicação sintetizado na sequência de enunciados apresentada em seu capítulo conclusivo
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Klinton, Markus. "Det rationella och det normala : om lönearbetets logik, praktik och etik." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38390.
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The subject of this thesis concerns the tense situation of the pregnant employee in Sweden. Drawing on the critical ontology of Michel Foucault the situation is characterized as a specific problematization within a historical theme around procreation (as an eventuality). The purpose of the thesis is to explain the functioning of the current situation of the pregnant employee as an inherent conflict, but also to draw out the implications of this specific analysis in relation to general wage labor. First an objective analysis is out-lined on how free wage labor gradually develops into a) a rational way of “knowing” about wo/man, b) a normal (institutional) way of organizing this knowledge, and c) a normalized subject position for the expectant individual. Second the investigation turns towards the subjective experience of this positioning. This analysis, drawing on the works of Iris Marion Young and Erving Goffman, focus on a) the conflicts logic b) its practical management and c) the situations’ ethical implications. The empirical material for the second part consists of legal cases, diaries and discussion-threads from the Internet. The conclusions drawn suggest that the pregnant employee is a rather abstract problem but that this abstraction still is real enough to make her disqualified from the calculus regime of employment. The second conclusion states that the pregnant employee becomes temporarily “closeted” and engaged in practices of concealment and tension management. Finally the ethics of this situation is analyzed, stating that the pregnant employee becomes positioned in a situation of structural shame which she has to relate to no matter her specific employment conditions. In the end the wider implications of the analysis is drawn out, stating that wage labor has developed into a biased categorization of individuals as proper or non-proper labor power. Rational discrimination has been normalized, just as the handling of oneself as more or less deviant from norms.
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Wood, Juliet Rebecca Anne. "Discourses of blood loss in normal childbirth." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342398.
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Las, Heras Horacio Raúl. "International Labor Law Standards and Argentine Domestic Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117309.
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The following article attempts to address the problem, from the point of view of the labour law, which arises on the interpretation of standards on the basis of an analysis of sources, both internal sources such as international. Whereupon, the author advocates maintain the essence of the protective principle of labour law which will lead to combining rules from different sources to protect both the worker as the structure institutional and legal of the domestic law of each country.El presente artículo intenta abordar la problemática, desde el punto de vista del derecho laboral, que se presenta en torno a la interpretación de normas laborales partiendo de un análisis de fuentes, ya sea tanto fuente interna como internacional. Con lo cual, el autor aboga por mantener la esencia del principio protector del derecho laboral lo cual llevará a conjugar normas de las diferentes fuentes para proteger tanto al trabajador como a la estructura institucional y legal del derecho interno de cada país.
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Melo, Mariana Tavares de. "Informalidade do trabalho e flexibilização das normas laborais." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2007. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4440.
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Previous issue date: 2007-06-27Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study has the purpose to promote a brief discussion about the develop process theories of precarization of the labor relations since the First Industrial revolution till the present days. Eventually, after years of social fights and political demands, the labor universe still finds itself fragilized in front of one of the biggest deconstructive threats of the modern neo-liberalism I mean the flexibilization of the Labor Legislation. The economic power of the capitalistic system has intensified itself in the form of the economies globalization, limiting social and economic inclusion opportunities, increasing the number of workers that are excluded from the formal labor market, emphasizing the growth of the informal labor, promoting the maximization of the richness concentration of the international financial institutions and fortifying the performance of the great multinational enterprisers groups. In this sense, the national markets of labor and production have been the main target of the cumulative interests of the global capitalistic politic. Then that appears the deregulation tendency over the Labor Laws in spite of the free collective negotiation between employers and employees and, the intensification of the enterprises profits. Believing that the split of the positive labor rights symbolizes serious losses for the workers in general, this research defends the idea that the flexibilization of the Labor s Law Consolidation is prejudicial for the proletarian category and, in this way, it might not be completely admitted by the Law operators.
Este estudo tem o propósito de promover uma discussão acerca do processo evolutivo de precarização das relações de trabalho desde a Primeira Revolução Industrial até os dias atuais. Afinal, após anos de lutas sociais e reivindicações políticas, o universo do labor ainda se encontra fragilizado diante de uma das maiores ameaças desconstrutivas do neoliberalismo moderno, isto é a flexibilização da Legislação Trabalhista. O poder econômico do sistema capitalista se intensificou na forma da globalização das economias, limitando as oportunidades de inclusão sócio-econômica, aumentando o número de trabalhadores excluídos do mercado formal de trabalho, enfatizando o crescimento do trabalho informal, promovendo a maximização das concentrações de riquezas das instituições financeiras internacionais e fortalecendo a atuação dos grandes grupos empresariais multinacionais. Nesse sentido, os mercados nacionais de trabalho e produção tem sido o principal alvo de impacto dos interesses cumulativos da política capitalista global. Daí que surge a tendência desregulamentadora das Leis Trabalhistas em prol da livre negociação entre empregadores e empregados e, da intensificação dos lucros nas empresas. Acreditando que a quebra dos direitos trabalhistas positivados simboliza graves perdas para os trabalhadores de um modo geral, esta pesquisa defende a idéia de que a flexibilização das Leis Trabalhistas é prejudicial para a categoria proletária e, portanto, não deve ser totalmente admitida pelos operadores do Direito.
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Luna, Elia. "La Dirección de Personas Adultas Mayores del MIMDES (DIPAM): labor normativa y promocional." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2009. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index//handle/123456789/21312.
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La Dirección de Personas Adultas Mayores del MIMDES es la instancia gubernamental que diseña, promueve, supervisa y coordina las políticas, planes y proyectos referidos a las personas de 60 años y más. Concentra su esfuerzo en el desarrollo de su rol normativo y en la promoción de políticas y estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas adultas mayores en nuestro país. El presente artículo ordena las líneas de trabajo desarrolladas por la DIPAM en estos dos grandes campos. Una de las actividades más importantes en la implementación de políticas es la ejecución del Plan Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores 2006-2010, así como el desarrollo de estrategias jurídicolegales para promover el ejercicio de sus derechos.
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Thomaz, Sandra Regina. "Normas e princípios aplicáveis ao contrato internacional de trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6287.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-24We chose the theme of this dissertation in order to point out the possible legal rules to be applied to international contracts of work, based on the sources of international, European Union and domestic law.Our choice is due to topicality and increasing labor relations at an international level, arising from the globalization of the economy and the formation of regional blocks, which allowed the movement of people across borders for the exercise of professional activities. We will approach the trajectory of international labor law and labor law in Brazil, an analysis of the principles that guide them to, then, move on to study the characteristics of international contracts of work and finally the international legal system regarding global, regional (European union and Mercosur) and Brazilian contexts, which can be used to resolve any disputes between employee and employer, when the relationship is made up of an international element
Escolhemos o tema desta dissertação com o objetivo de apontar as possíveis normas jurídicas a serem aplicadas aos contratos internacionais de trabalho, com base nas fontes de direito internacional, comunitário e interno. Nossa escolha se deve à atualidade do tema e o crescente aumento das relações de trabalho no âmbito internacional, oriundas da globalização da economia e da formação de blocos regionais, que possibilitaram a circulação de pessoas além das fronteiras para o exercício de atividades laborais. Faremos uma abordagem da trajetória do direito internacional do trabalho e do direito do trabalho brasileiro, uma análise dos princípios que os norteiam, para, então, passarmos a estudar as características dos contratos internacionais de trabalho e, finalmente, o sistema normativo internacional em âmbito global, regional (União Europeia e Mercosul) e brasileiro, que podem ser utilizados para dirimir eventuais controvérsias entre empregado e empregador, quando a relação é composta de um elemento de estraneidade
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Kerrigan, Angela Mary. "Care of obese women during labour : the development of a midwifery intervention to promote normal birth." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27479.
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Normal birth, defined as birth without induction of labour, anaesthetic, instruments or caesarean section conveys significant maternal and neonatal benefits. Currently one-fifth of women in the United Kingdom are obese. There is increasing evidence of the detrimental effects obesity has on intrapartum outcomes. There is a lack of research on how to minimise the associated risks of obesity through non-medicalised interventions and how to support obese women to maximise their opportunity for normal birth. This thesis aims to provide evidence to address this gap and develop an evidence-based intervention to promote normal birth. Using a methodological approach aligned with pragmatism, this research was conducted in four parts and underpinned by the Medical Research Council framework for the development of complex interventions. Part one was a national survey involving 24 maternity units. Part two was a qualitative study of the experiences of 24 health professionals and part three involved 8 obese women. The final part was a multi-disciplinary workshop that used consensus decision-making to design the intervention. Collectively, the findings suggest that intrapartum care of obese women is medicalised. Health professionals face challenges when caring for obese women but many strive to optimise the potential for normal birth by challenging practice and utilising ‘interventions’ to promote normality. The findings also demonstrate that obese women have an intrinsic fear of pregnancy and birth, have a desire for normal birth and ‘obese pregnancy’ presents a window of opportunity for change. The intervention consists of three component parts; an educational aspect (e-learning package), a clinical aspect (intrapartum care pathway) and a leadership aspect (ward champions). Whilst acknowledging the importance of safety, increasing intervention during labour for obese women may further increase the risk of complications, with detrimental effects. Addressing intrapartum management of obese women through non-medicalised interventions is of paramount importance in order to promote normality, maximise the opportunity for normal birth and reduce the associated morbidities.
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David, Ana Paula Sawaya Pereira do Vale Bernardes. "A influência da consciência coletiva na concretização das normas internacionais do direito do trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21422.
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This thesis analyzes the formation of a "collective conscience" that favors the protection of labor rights not only in the internal sphere of each country, but in an international scope. In this way, by deepening the mechanisms of action of the International Organizations, especially the ILO, it will be avoided that strictly economic interests overlap with the interests of the vast majority of the world population that needs human rights implementations. second generation, namely, social rights. The strengthening of this conscious collective conscience necessarily involves the strengthening of international organizations, the revision of the perception of national states about their limitations and the extent of sovereignty. It also stresses the importance of a more direct dialogue between international bodies and social actors that have gained relevance during the twentieth century, namely individuals and large business and economic conclomerates
Esta tese analisa a formação de uma “consciência coletiva” que favoreça a proteção dos direitos trabalhistas não apenas na esfera interna de cada país, mas em âmbito internacional. Com isso, aprofundando os mecanismos de atuação das Organizações Internacionais, em especial da Organização Mundial do Trabalho – OIT, evitar-se-á que os interesses estritamente econômicos se sobreponham aos interesses da grande maioria da população mundial que necessita de implementações dos direitos humanos de segunda geração, quais sejam, os direitos sociais. O fortalecimento deste consciente coletivo protetivo passa necessariamente pelo próprio fortalecimento das organizações internacionais, pela revisão da percepção dos Estados nacionais sobre suas limitações e sobre a amplitude da soberania. Sobreleva, ainda, a importância de um diálogo mais direto entre os órgãos internacionais e atores sociais que ganharam relevância no decorrer do século XX, quais sejam, os indivíduos e os grandes conclomerados empresariais e econômicos
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Vendrik, Martinus Cornelis Maria. "Collective habits and social norms in labour supply from micromotives to macrobehaviour /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6672.
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Carvalho, Luciana Paula Vaz de. "O trabalho da criança e do adolescente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: normas e ações de proteção." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9120.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-11Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The exploration of the child and teenage labor represents one of the most concerning issues in the contemporary world. Therefore, this research intended to present the legal protection available in the Brazilian law for children and teenagers. The study of what is infantile and juvenile labor deserved special attention so as to better define and guide the protection norms. The survey of international covenants for child and teenage protection that Brazil ratified, as well as the study in comparative law, confirm the special attention that Brazil has been paying to this major social problem, adopting important protection instruments, amongst them the Federal Constitution, the Child and Teenage Statute and the Labor Law Consolidation. Such legal and protective framework is extremely important in view of the sad reality thousands of children and adolescents live in our Country, predominantly in domestic, rural and urban labor. In this scenario, several child labor eradication and teenage labor protection programs are being developed, with quite positive results and with the support of government agencies, non-government entities and the private initiative, without overlooking the important role that the Labor Prosecutors Office play in emancipating such children and teenagers, lost in a life without their childhood or youth
A exploração do trabalho infanto-juvenil representa um dos problemas mais preocupantes no mundo contemporâneo. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa destinou-se a analisar a proteção da criança e do adolescente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. O estudo do que seja trabalho infantil e juvenil mereceu especial atenção, a fim de melhor definir e destinar as normas de proteção. A análise das Convenções Internacionais de proteção à criança e ao adolescente ratificadas pelo Brasil, bem como o estudo no direito comparado, corrobora a especial atenção que o Brasil vêm destinando à este grave problema social, adotando importantes instrumentos de proteção, entre eles, a Constituição Federal, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. Constata-se que referido arcabouço jurídico-protetivo é de extrema importância diante da triste realidade que milhares de crianças e adolescentes vivem em nosso País, predominantemente, no trabalho doméstico, rural e urbano. Neste cenário, vários programas de erradicação do trabalho infantil e proteção ao trabalhador adolescente foram desenvolvidos, com resultados bastante positivos e com o apoio de entidades governamentais, não-governamentais e a iniciativa privada, não olvidando do importante papel que o Ministério Público do Trabalho possui na emancipação dessas crianças e adolescentes, perdidas em uma vida sem infância e juventude
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Khash-Erdene, Battogtokh Khash-Erdene. "DO ‘THEY’ DESERVE TO – BE SLAVES? : A case study on media presentation of benefit cheat and labor right violation in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162409.
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This paper analyses text on Swedish trade union newspaper Arbetet about taking advantage of immigrants of home service corporation Enklare Vardag.The theoretical framework consists of theories about critical discourse analysis. The analysis is done by employing Norman Fairclough's CDA model, combined with other tools of critical linguistics.The aim is to detect how the idea of ‘othering' and common sense on power relations between employees and employers marries and divorces with each other in this context on benefit cheat. And to define how the signifier and signified work together in the constructed subject position of the cheater in citizens and media representation. To identify that, interviews of different groups of wardship workers speculations towards the article are included. Aside from a "cheater", understanding of common - sense ground in society and media within the field of immigration, labor´s right incorporate the analysis purpose.The chosen article is analyzed from contradicting perspectives of benefit cheat discourse that often supports with right-wing media and criticizes welfare state and on the other hand criticism towards power relation between capitalistic oppression of the working class.
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Tan, Weiping. "Circulatory and metabolic studies of normally grown and growth restricted fetal sheep before and during spontaneous labor and at delivery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25172.pdf.
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Neto, José Pandolfi. "O dissídio coletivo enquanto processo jurisdicional de formação na norma trabalhista: a emenda constitucional n.45/2004 e a violação do princípio da inafastabilidade da jurisdição." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=501.
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O presente estudo tem como objeto o Poder Normativo da Justiça do Trabalho, enquanto processo jurisdicional de formação de norma. Objetiva enfrentar as diretrizes
traçadas pela Emenda Constitucional n. 45/2004, que desfigurou a sua natureza e impôs obstáculos para o acesso à justiça nas hipóteses dos dissídios coletivos de natureza
econômica. Traça inicialmente um panorama das alternativas de solução dos conflitos e a estrutura dogmática desse modelo de procedimento para, em seguida, demonstrar a sua
importância no contexto da Teoria Geral do Processo. A partir de uma nova pauta hermenêutica e se valendo de uma bibliografia atualizada e multidisciplinar enfrenta o
conteúdo da referida emenda e defende que o seu enunciado fere vários Princípios Constitucionais Processuais, especialmente o Princípio da Inafastabilidade da Jurisdição.
Como convém a um estudo acadêmico, apresenta as evidências empíricas e analíticas produzidas pela Teoria Social Crítica, a fim de demonstrar que citada emenda constitucional
foi apresentada no momento em que o mundo vive uma crise sistêmica desencadeada pelo geopolítica ultraliberal, com profundas implicações no mundo do trabalho; nas reconhecidas
crises do sindicalismo contemporâneo e seus impactos negativos para as negociações coletivas e as greves. Deixa transparecer que a sua adoção está conectada também com as propostas disseminadas pelo neocorporativismo que teima em afastar o Estado das resoluções desses mesmos conflitos e, em particular, a Justiça do Trabalho de exercitar esse mesmo poder normativo. Com base em tais argumentos, conclui fazendo a defesa do Poder Normativo e propõe o reconhecimento da inconstitucionalidade da referida emenda
constitucionalThis study deals with the Labor Justices Normative Power, as a jurisdictional process of norm formation. The objective is to question the directions traced by the Constitutional Amendment n. 45/2004, which disfigured its nature and imposed obstacles to the access to justice in the cases of economic collective disagreements dissidios. Firstly, it traces a panorama of conflict solution alternatives, as well as the dogmatic structure of this procedure model to demonstrate its importance in the context of the General Theory of the Process. From a new hermeneutic agenda and using an updated and multidisciplinary bibliography, the study questions the content of the referred amendment and it defends that its content goes against a number of Procedural Constitutional Principles, especially the principle of Jurisdiction Inafastabilit. As it is usual in an academic study, it presents the empirical and analytical evidence produced by Critical Social Theory studies, to demonstrate that the cited constitutional amendment was presented in a moment when the world is living a systemic crisis, caused by ultraliberal geopolitics, with deep implications in the world of labor; the recognized crises of contemporary unions and their negative impact in collective negotiations and strikes. It also suggests that its adoption is connected with the proposals disseminated by neocorporativism, which insists in the aversion of the State from the resolutions of these same conflicts and, in particular, it prevents the Labor Justice from exercising this normative power. Based on such arguments, the study concludes by defending the Normative Power and it proposes the recognition of the unconstitutionality of the referred constitutional amendment
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Pandolfi, Neto José. "O dissídio coletivo enquanto processo jurisdicional de formação na norma trabalhista: a emenda constitucional n.45/2004 e a violação do princípio da inafastabilidade da jurisdição." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2010. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/435.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-16This study deals with the Labor Justice s Normative Power, as a jurisdictional process of norm formation. The objective is to question the directions traced by the Constitutional Amendment n. 45/2004, which disfigured its nature and imposed obstacles to the access to justice in the cases of economic collective disagreements dissidios. Firstly, it traces a panorama of conflict solution alternatives, as well as the dogmatic structure of this procedure model to demonstrate its importance in the context of the General Theory of the Process. From a new hermeneutic agenda and using an updated and multidisciplinary bibliography, the study questions the content of the referred amendment and it defends that its content goes against a number of Procedural Constitutional Principles, especially the principle of Jurisdiction Inafastabilit. As it is usual in an academic study, it presents the empirical and analytical evidence produced by Critical Social Theory studies, to demonstrate that the cited constitutional amendment was presented in a moment when the world is living a systemic crisis, caused by ultraliberal geopolitics, with deep implications in the world of labor; the recognized crises of contemporary unions and their negative impact in collective negotiations and strikes. It also suggests that its adoption is connected with the proposals disseminated by neocorporativism, which insists in the aversion of the State from the resolutions of these same conflicts and, in particular, it prevents the Labor Justice from exercising this normative power. Based on such arguments, the study concludes by defending the Normative Power and it proposes the recognition of the unconstitutionality of the referred constitutional amendment
O presente estudo tem como objeto o Poder Normativo da Justiça do Trabalho, enquanto processo jurisdicional de formação de norma. Objetiva enfrentar as diretrizes traçadas pela Emenda Constitucional n. 45/2004, que desfigurou a sua natureza e impôs obstáculos para o acesso à justiça nas hipóteses dos dissídios coletivos de natureza econômica. Traça inicialmente um panorama das alternativas de solução dos conflitos e a estrutura dogmática desse modelo de procedimento para, em seguida, demonstrar a sua importância no contexto da Teoria Geral do Processo. A partir de uma nova pauta hermenêutica e se valendo de uma bibliografia atualizada e multidisciplinar enfrenta o conteúdo da referida emenda e defende que o seu enunciado fere vários Princípios Constitucionais Processuais, especialmente o Princípio da Inafastabilidade da Jurisdição. Como convém a um estudo acadêmico, apresenta as evidências empíricas e analíticas produzidas pela Teoria Social Crítica, a fim de demonstrar que citada emenda constitucional foi apresentada no momento em que o mundo vive uma crise sistêmica desencadeada pelo geopolítica ultraliberal, com profundas implicações no mundo do trabalho; nas reconhecidas crises do sindicalismo contemporâneo e seus impactos negativos para as negociações coletivas e as greves. Deixa transparecer que a sua adoção está conectada também com as propostas disseminadas pelo neocorporativismo que teima em afastar o Estado das resoluções desses mesmos conflitos e, em particular, a Justiça do Trabalho de exercitar esse mesmo poder normativo. Com base em tais argumentos, conclui fazendo a defesa do Poder Normativo e propõe o reconhecimento da inconstitucionalidade da referida emenda constitucional
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Nystedt, Astrid. "Utdragen förlossning : kvinnors upplevelser och erfarenheter." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Omvårdnad, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-579.
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Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to illuminate, describe, and promote understanding of women’s experiences of prolonged labour. The thesis compromises four studies. Methods: Paper I describes a case-referent study that recruited women (n = 255) giving singleton live birth to their first child by spontaneous labour after more than 37 completed weeks’ pregnancy. Participants completed a questionnaire that investigated childbirth experiences, previous family relationships, and childhood experiences. Paper II presented a cross-sectional study of 644 women who had been expecting their first child. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire measuring psychosocial resources (social network and support), work-related psychosocial factors, control of daily life, and health characteristics. Papers III and IV presented interviews performed with 10 women, who, following prolonged labour, had given singleton live birth to their first children. Results: The risk of a negative birth experience was increased for women following prolonged labour. Both women experiencing prolonged and normal labours perceived the support given by their partners and midwives during labour to be very important, and felt pain relief to be a key issue. The suffering experienced during labour was more likely to mark the women for life if the labour was prolonged than if the experience of giving birth was positive and labour was normal. Both women, including those who had and those who had not experienced prolonged labour reported a high level of psychosocial resources, support, and sense of wellbeing in early pregnancy. The difficulties of prolonged labour were interpreted as an experience of being caught up in pain and fear: the women described how they had felt exhausted, powerless, and out of control. They described their dependency on others, and said that the caregiver’s decision to assist with the delivery was experienced as being relieved from pain. Prolonged labour could be understood as an experience of suddenly falling ill or of finding oneself in a life-threatening condition associated with an overwhelming fear of losing oneself and the child. The difficulties and suffering involved in becoming a mother after a prolonged labour were interpreted to be like “fumbling in the dark”. Women had experienced bodily fatigue accompanied by feelings of illness and detachment from the child. Meeting the child when in this condition entailed a struggle to become a mother. The negativity connected with prolonged labour and a struggle for motherhood may be comparable to the experience of illness and recovery. In spite of these experiences, reassurance of these women regarding their capacity for motherhood was crucial: it was central to their happiness as mothers, encouraged their interaction and relationship with the child, and contributed to their adaptation to motherhood. Conclusion: Women experiencing prolonged labour require advanced medical and obstetric care, which may limit their ability to participate in making decisions about their care. They have a special need for extra support and encouragement, as well as increased nursing and midwifery care during delivery.
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Berg, Lisa, and Zedtwitz-Liebenstein Sangrid von. "Kollektivavtalsrätten och ideologierna : Ideologies and Swedish Labour Law." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6765.
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Abstract The overall aim of this paper is to examine the impact of ideologies and norms on a legal system. Against a background of a description of the hierarchy of norms in Swedish labour law and in European Union law, respectively, the paper aims to specifically demonstrate the problems caused by the different hierarchies of norms when implementing EU directives in Swedish labor law. The research question examines how the trade unions’ right to industrial action towards an undertaker providing transnational services by posting of workers, is affected by the implementation of the Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services. The paper answers the question under what conditions the Swedish trade unions have the right to take industrial action in situations of posting of workers. Through the study of sources of law and adhering to traditional jurisprudence, this paper investigates the legislation regarding trade unions’ rights to take industrial action in situations of posting of workers. In addition to the jurisprudential research, a glance at the history of ideologies is provided. The purpose of this is to explain the role of ideologies in the origins and history of Swedish labour law, as well as their role in the current development of law. With the ideological and historical discussion as a background, this paper investigates Swedish law and EU law using a comparative approach. The purpose is to illustrate how differences in ideological bases are determinant of differences in current legislation and legal practice. The paper studies the development of law since the 1990s with regards to the right to industrial action in situations of posting of workers. The Swedish labour law has been revised since Sweden joined the European Union. The presentation looks particularly at the following cases in the Swedish Labour Court: AD 1989 No. 120 (the Britannia case) and AD 2005 No. 49 (the Vaxholm case). The paper studies the Posting of Workers Directive and presents an analysis of the European Court of Justice Case C-341/05 Laval un Partneri Ltd (the Laval case). To allow for analysis and a broad discussion on the implementation of the Posting of Workers Directive, an account is made of the different government committee instructions, committee of inquiry reports, and governmental legislative proposals of importance for the implementation of the directive into the Foreign Posting of Employees Act, and for the legislative changes prompted by the Laval case (i.e. the lex Laval). The main conclusion drawn from the study of the legislative development is that the level of legislation of the Swedish labour market will increase due to the tendency of europeanisation. The study also establishes the importance of ideologies, norms and values for the development of a legal system. This paper does not fully answer whether the set of norms on which Swedish labour law is based is about to change, but the trend is that on the whole no such changes have been observed. The existence of lex Laval has not affected the basic set of norms of Swedish labour law.
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Prelipceanu, Raluca. "A gendered approach to labour mobility : migration and social norms. Evidence from Romania." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739076.
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Cette thèse de doctorat s'intéresse à la relation entre la mobilité du travail des femmes dont plus particulièrement la migration temporaire du travail à l'étranger et les normes sociales au niveau de la communauté d'origine. L'approche théorique développée dans le cadre des chapitre deux et trois est appliquée dans les chapitres suivants au cas des femmes roumaines. Le premier chapitre décrit l'évolution économique et sociale en Roumanie à partir de l'effondrement du communisme avec un accent mis sur l'évolution des migrations aussi bien externes qu'internes. Le deuxième chapitre met en avant la prise de la décision de migrer dans le cadre d'un modèle unitaire du ménage en présence des normes sociales. Dans le chapitre suivant les hypothèses du modèle unitaire sont relâchées et on considère la décision de migrer comme étant prise dans le cadre d'un modèle collectif du ménage. Les hypothèses émises dans ces deux chapitres sont partiellement testé dans le chapitre quatre qui analyse la décision simultanée de migrer des conjoints à l'aide d'un probit bivarié. Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse compare les stratégies possibles des femmes sur le marché du travail en considérant le travail domestique comme une possible stratégie alternative à celles entreprises sur le marché du travail. Les résultats empiriques montrent des différences importantes au niveau des déterminants de migrer des femmes et des hommes. De plus, nos résultats mettent également en évidence des différences entre les déterminants de la mobilité des femmes sur le marché du travail interne et sur le marché du travail international.
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Vasconcelos, Suênia Oliveira. "A inserção sociolaboral da mulher com deficiência física no mercado de trabalho de campina grande: um estudo de caso." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7468.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The growing presence of persons with disabilities on the job market is a very recent phenomenon. It took centuries for disabled men and women to be recognized as productive workers. Women with disabilities suffer discrimination doubly, both for being women and also for being disabled. This study aims to analyze if the current legislation in Brazil referring to women´s labor rights and social-labor insertion norms regarding persons with disabilities are helping to provide inclusion and prolong the permanence of women with disabilities on the job market and, therefore, contributing to gender equality at the labor environment and extinction of social discrimination. To this end, a case study method was used with the objective of analyzing the true reality of women with physical disabilities member of the Association of Disabled Persons of the State of Paraiba (Associação dos Deficientes do Estado da Paraíba - ASDEPB) who work in Campina Grande – PB looking to identify if the thought rights (idealized) are being made real (concrete). Among the main results, it was noticed that a significant legal framework has been contributing to the building of a new visibility regarding people with disabilities, looking to remove the barriers, which prevent their active participation in all social spheres. However, such legal framework was not yet sufficiently capable of neither dissipate social discrimination regarding those people, nor promote effectively its social-labor insertion. In what concerns women with no disabilities, many norms had already been implemented for some time, which also can be applied to disabled women, with the intention of promoting the female work and diminish the gender inequality in the labor market that is still persistent. Anyway, the norms promoting sociallabor insertion of women with or without disabilities have the challenge of guaranteeing formal equality as well as providing mechanisms that promote material equality between men and women, also, with or without disabilities and, in this sense, there is still much to be done.
A presença cada vez mais constante das pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho é um fenômeno bastante recente, pois, demoraram séculos para que homens e mulheres deficientes fossem reconhecidos (as) como mão de obra produtiva. As mulheres com deficiência, por sua vez, são duplamente discriminadas: pelo fato de ser mulher e de ser deficiente. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar se a legislação em vigor no Brasil referente ao Direito do Trabalho da mulher e às normas de inserção sociolaboral das pessoas com deficiência estão propiciando a inclusão e permanência da mulher com deficiência física no mercado de trabalho e, assim, contribuindo para a igualdade de gênero no ambiente laboral e o fim da discriminação social. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método do Estudo de Caso, com o objetivo de analisar a realidade fática de mulheres com deficiência física, associadas à Associação dos Deficientes do Estado da Paraíba (ASDEPB), que se encontram inseridas no mercado de trabalho de Campina Grande/PB, com vistas a identificar se o direito pensado (idealizado) está sendo realizado (concretizado). Dentre os principais resultados percebeu-se que um significativo arcabouço legal vem contribuindo para a construção de uma nova visibilidade em relação às pessoas com deficiência, com vistas à remoção das barreiras que impedem a participação ativa delas em todos os âmbitos sociais. Contudo, tal arcabouço legal ainda não foi suficientemente capaz de dissipar a discriminação social em relação aos deficientes, nem promover efetivamente sua inclusão sociolaboral. No tocante à mulher sem deficiência, diversas normas foram implementadas há algum tempo, as quais se aplicam também às mulheres com deficiência, no intuito de promover o trabalho feminino e diminuir a desigualdade de gênero no mercado de trabalho, que ainda persiste. De todo modo, as normas promocionais de inserção sociolaboral das mulheres sem deficiência e das pessoas com deficiência têm o desafio de garantir a igualdade formal, bem como promover mecanismos que efetivem a igualdade material entre homens e mulheres com ou sem deficiência e, nesse sentido, ainda há muito a ser feito.
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Almeida, Lidia Karine Cezarini. "Direito do trabalho e o alto empregado." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8762.
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Previous issue date: 2009-09-25The trends in the world of work reflect the social and economic influences which the occupational system suffered, and there were, however, some gaps to be filled on the labor law. The form of organization of work in enterprises determines the hierarchy of positions and functions, which gives rise specifics regarding the employees who occupy leadership positions. In Brazil, although the so-called positions of trust are built into labor legislation, there are restrictions on the concepts and boundaries in these functions. In some countries, the working relationships are established so as to consider the character of employment links that show some specificity and, thus, have a special discipline, as is the case of high employee. Given this, it defines the focus of this study, which consists of an analysis of high employee and his environment in the Brazilian legal system. Thus, the goal that guides this study is to highlight the need to update or adaptation of the Brazilian labor to modern times, with respect to high employee. The method of research design is analytical, focusing on the dogmatic study of labor law, and uses a bibliographic research, and sources normative and jurisprudential as research technique. The results point to the need for a flexible standard of Brazilian labor, in view of the absence of high framework employed in the current legislation
As tendências no mundo do trabalho refletem as influências sociais e econômicas que o sistema ocupacional sofreu, verificando-se, porém, algumas lacunas a serem preenchidas quanto ao direito do trabalho. A forma de organização do sistema de trabalho nas empresas determina a hierarquia entre cargos e funções, o que faz surgir especificidades quanto aos empregados que ocupam cargos de direção. No Brasil, embora os denominados cargos de confiança sejam contemplados na legislação trabalhista, constatam-se restrições quanto aos conceitos e as delimitações nessas funções. Em alguns países, as relações de trabalho são definidas de modo a considerar os vínculos de caráter empregatício que apresentam alguma especificidade e, assim, contam com uma disciplina especial, como é o caso do alto empregado. Em face disso, delimita-se o enfoque deste estudo, que consiste em uma análise do alto empregado e seu enquadramento no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Assim, o objetivo que norteia este estudo é apontar a necessidade de atualização ou adaptação das normas trabalhistas brasileiras aos tempos atuais, no que diz respeito ao alto empregado. O método para delineamento da pesquisa é o analítico, priorizando-se o estudo dogmático do direito do trabalho, e utiliza-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, as fontes normativas e jurisprudenciais como técnica de pesquisa. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de flexibilização da norma trabalhista brasileira, tendo em vista a ausência de enquadramento do alto empregado na legislação atual
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Araújo, Eneida Maria Erre. "O DOMÍNIO DA NORMA CULTA DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NO MUNDO DO TRABALHO: inclusão/exclusão no sistema de produção flexível." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/231.
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Previous issue date: 2012-07-11The present study is the result of the research "The domain of the standard cultured language of the Portuguese language in the world of labor: inclusion/exclusion in flexible manufacturing system", which was developed at Masters degree level. The objective of this research is to analyze the relevance attributed to the knowledge of the cultural norms of the Portuguese language as a determinant of inclusion/exclusion in the selection processes of enterprises in the city of São Luís, considering the technical and organizational changes in the workplace. It is noteworthy that reality into operation in the present moment requires a professional multipurpose holder of new cognitive abilities, skills and psychological techniques, and mastery of oral and written language, such as factor productivity, ie, requires highly skilled professionals to work in world of labor. For this work we performed an analysis of existing literature, followed by a survey using structured interviews. The theoretical basis of studies of Saussure and Chomsky is the starting point to discuss the concepts of language and language that directs the company. The concept of language as ordered heterogeneity Labov, plus the research of Bagno and Bortoni Ricardo on communication skills are fundamental to the understanding and discussion of how does the inclusion/exclusion of candidates in the World of Labor. The results that emerged from this study show the important position given to the knowledge of the cultural norms of the Portuguese language in the process of selection of the companies leading to realization that the language turns out to exclude the worker from the production process, when he doesn t display the field standard cultured language of the Portuguese which is considered a linguistic variant "correct" used by a particular social group.
O presente estudo é o resultado da pesquisa O domínio da norma culta da língua portuguesa no mundo do trabalho: inclusão/exclusão no sistema de produção flexível , que se desenvolveu em nível de mestrado, com o objetivo de analisar o domínio da norma culta da língua portuguesa como determinante de inclusão/exclusão nos processos de seleção das empresas privadas da cidade de São Luís, considerando as mudanças técnico-organizacionais do mundo do trabalho. Destaca-se que a realidade vigorada no momento presente exige um profissional polivalente, possuidor de novas habilidades cognitivas, competências técnicas e psicológicas, além de domínio de linguagem oral e escrita. Para este trabalho foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a temática, seguida de uma pesquisa de campo, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas. A sustentação teórica dos estudos de Saussure e Chomsky constitui o ponto de partida para se problematizar as concepções de língua e linguagem que orienta as empresas. O conceito de língua como heterogeneidade ordenada de Labov, acrescido das pesquisas de Bagno e Bortoni-Ricardo sobre a competência comunicativa são fundamentais para o entendimento e discussão de como se dá a inclusão/exclusão de candidatos no mundo do trabalho. Os resultados que emergiram deste estudo mostram a posição de relevância dada ao domínio da norma culta da língua portuguesa em processos de seleção das empresas, levando a constatação de que a língua acaba por excluir o trabalhador do processo produtivo, quando este não apresenta o domínio da norma culta da língua portuguesa que é considerada a variedade linguística correta utilizada por determinado grupo social.
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Rodrigues, Ângela Beatriz Cavalli. "As dramáticas de usos de si na atividade de tratamento da água em um contexto de intensificação de normas do setor público." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3394.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A presente tese é o resultado de uma pesquisa na área da Educação, especificamente no campo de conhecimento Trabalho e Educação. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, realizado com servidores públicos investidos no cargo de Operadores de Estação de Tratamento, lotados no Departamento Municipal de Água e Esgotos (DMAE). O estudo contou com a participação de 10 servidores que são responsáveis pelo tratamento de água na capital do estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre. A pesquisa objetivou compreender a atividade de trabalho dos e das responsáveis pelo tratamento de água no contexto de intensificação de normas no setor público. Para atingir o proposto, a questão norteadora foi: "como os operadores de estação de tratamento fazem uso de si, mobilizam e criam valores e saberes para realizarem a atividade de trabalho, em tempos de intensificação de normas no setor público?". Os dados coletados em junho de 2011 foram analisados sob a ótica do referencial da Ergologia. Concluímos que os operadores e operadoras de estação de tratamento já conviviam com um processo de regulamentação e controle no trabalho de tratamento de água, estabelecido pela Portaria nº 2.914/2011, do Ministério da Saúde. Esta regula o trabalho dos profissionais da área e define que água potável é a que atende o padrão de potabilidade por ela estabelecido e que não oferece riscos à saúde. Os operadores e operadoras de estação de tratamento convivem, assim, com normas públicas, como a portaria do Ministério da Saúde, e privadas, como as normas ISO. Nesse contexto, enfrentam cotidianamente o debate entre essas duas normas. O trabalho dos operadores e operadoras está impregnado de valores que reforçam a importância de que a água seja mantida no polo do político, pois se trata de um bem comum que possui relação estreita com a vida, e esta não pode ser mensurada, portanto, não pode ser gerida no polo do mercado.
This dissertation is the result of a research in the field of Education, specifically in the area of knowledge about Labor and Education. It is a qualitative study done with civil servants of the water treatment plants from Departamento Municipal de Água e Esgotos (DMAE). The research was held with the collaboration of 10 servants who are responsible for the water treatment in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. The aim of this study was to shed a light over the work of people involved in water treatment in a context where there is an increase of norms ruling the public sector. In order to do so, the main question was: How do operators of water treatment plants employ the use of self, mobilize and create values and knowledge in order to get their work done in times when there is an intensification of norms in the public sector? Data collected in June, 2011 was analyzed under the light of Ergology. Conclusions point out that operators of the water treatment plants have already dealt with a process of regulation and control in the process of water treatment as established in Portaria nº 2.914/2011 by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. This ordinance regulates the labor activity of professionals from the field and defines that drinking water is that which follows its established patterns and which does not offer health risks. The operators of water treatment stations deal with both public norms, such as this ordinance by the Ministry of Health, as well as private norms, such as ISO. Under these circumstances, they have to face the discussion between these norms daily. The work of these operators is soaked in values which state that water should be maintained in its political pole, for it is a common good strictly related to life and cannot be measured, therefore, it cannot be ruled by the market pole.
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Jorge, Vanessa de Arruda. "Gestão da qualidade e do trabalho imaterial: uma análise a partir da dinâmica informacional." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro / Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia, 2012. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/763.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-16The focus of this research is to analyze the information on quality management based on ISO, in the context of transformations of the forms of production and work from post-Fordism. It explres the argument of the two perspectives in the analysis of information and quality management standard
A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar o papel da informação na gestão da qualidade, baseada em norma ISO, no contexto das transformações das formas de produção e do trabalho a partir do pós-fordismo. Explora o argumento da possibilidade de dois olhares na análise do uso da informação e da norma da gestão da qualidade
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Silva, Valdenice Portela. "A discriminação da mulher negra no setor industrial sergipano entre 2007 e 2014: uma análise dos impactos da norma de responsabilidade social empresarial." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5930.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESAfter more than 60 years of civil rights and anti-racist laws, there are still differences in the labor market between men and women and between whites and blacks. In the case of Brazil, where until recently there was no official recognition of racism and even today of sexism, new expressions of prejudice have existed since the abolition of slavery. These "new" prejudices have the mark of discrimination, that is, of restricting spaces and access to individuals and minority groups in power relations. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of the corporate social responsibility standard on the participation of black women (brown and black) in the Sergipe transformation industry through the RAIS (Annual Social Information Ratio) database of the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) for the periods 2007/2008 and 2013/2014. From the descriptive statistical analysis of the data, it was noted in relation to gender discrimination a tendency for male predominance in the sector of the Sergipe transformation industry: 73% of the formal ties of male workers versus 28% of employment for women. As for racial discrimination, the presence of brown workers (72%) in the Sergipe manufacturing industry was predominant in all periods studied. While the black / race category, both men and women, was less representative, with percentages of 6% for black men and 1.3% for black women in 2007, 5.4% and 1.3% in 2008, 5.9% and 1.4% in 2013 and 6.5% and 1.8% in 2014. These data indicate that not only the female sex is the one with the lowest industrial sector presence, but Is the black color that has the lowest percentage of inclusion in the Sergipe industrial sector. The data analyzed show that the formal ties of black women are those with substantially lower wages (R $ 766.96) than white women (R $ 993.24), brown women (R $ 828.48) and Formal ties of white men (R $ 1640.86), pardos (R $ 1,168.85) and black men (R $ 1091.96). This scenario changed little in the analyzed period. The main conclusions are: (a) The Sergipe manufacturing industry is predominantly male and brown; B) White men receive the highest wages followed by brown and black men, white, brown and black women who receive the lowest salaries in relation to the other groups; And c) The corporate social responsibility standard focuses only tangentially on combating discrimination in the Sergipe labor market.
Passados mais de 60 anos de conquistas dos direitos civis e da criação de leis antirracistas e antissexistas, ainda há diferenças no mercado de trabalho entre homens e mulheres e entre brancos e negros. No caso do Brasil, onde até pouco tempo atrás não havia reconhecimento oficial do racismo e ainda hoje do sexismo, novas expressões de preconceito grassam desde a abolição da escravatura. Esses “novos” preconceitos têm a marca da discriminação, ou seja, de restringir espaços e acessos a indivíduos e grupos minoritários nas relações de poder. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar os impactos da norma de responsabilidade social empresarial sobre a participação de mulheres negras (pardas e pretas) na indústria de transformação sergipana por meio da base de dados RAIS (Relação Anual de Informações Sociais) do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE) nos períodos de 2007/2008 e 2013/2014. A partir da análise estatística descritiva dos dados, notou-se em relação à discriminação de gênero uma tendência a predominância masculina no setor da indústria de transformação sergipana: 73% dos vínculos formais de trabalhadores masculinos contra 28% de emprego para as mulheres. Quanto à discriminação racial, existe um predomínio da presença de trabalhadores pardos (72%) na indústria de transformação sergipana, em todos os períodos estudados. Ao passo que, a categoria de raça/cor preta, tanto masculina como feminina, foi a que apresentou menor representatividade, com percentuais de 6% para os homens pretos e 1,3% para as mulheres pretas em 2007, 5,4% e 1,3% em 2008, 5,9% e 1,4% em 2013 e 6,5% e 1,8% em 2014. Esses dados indicam que não apenas o sexo feminino é aquele com menor presença no setor industrial, mas é o da cor preta que possui os menores percentuais de inclusão no setor industrial sergipano. Chama atenção nos dados analisados, os vínculos formais das mulheres pretas são os que apresentam as remunerações substancialmente mais baixas (R$ 766,96) em relação às brancas (R$ 993,24), pardas (R$ 828,48) e aos vínculos formais dos homens brancos (R$ 1640,86), pardos (R$ 1.168,85) e pretos (R$ 1091,96). Este cenário pouco se alterou no período analisado. As principais conclusões são: a) A indústria de transformação sergipana é predominantemente masculina e parda; b) Os homens brancos recebem os maiores salários seguidos dos homens pardos e pretos, das mulheres brancas, pardas e pretas que recebem os menores salários em relação aos demais grupos; e c) A norma de responsabilidade social empresarial incide apenas tangencialmente no combate a discriminação no mercado de trabalho sergipano.
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Jakobsen, Kjeld Aagaard. "Relações transnacionais e o funcionamento do regime trabalhista internacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-01022010-154712/.
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A mudança do paradigma produtivo, adotado após a segunda guerra mundial, começou nos anos 1970 e provocou fortes impactos na economia, na política e no mercado de trabalho mundialmente. Mais países e trabalhadores se vincularam às cadeias produtivas globais das empresas multinacionais, mas as condições de trabalho decaíram em comparação com o paradigma anterior e em vários países até mesmo as normas fundamentais de trabalho passaram a ser violadas de forma constante. Estas normas, que compõem o regime trabalhista internacional, emanam da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. Uma vez ratificadas pelos seus países membros, cabe a eles fazê-las cumprir por intermédio da sua legislação e poder coercitivo. Uma série de reformas do Estado reduziu este poder e levou os sindicatos a buscarem mecanismos supranacionais para defender as normas de trabalho e esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar os efeitos da atuação transnacional dos sindicatos sobre o regime internacional do trabalho, com ênfase sobre os arranjos públicos e privados que o compõem.The productive paradigm adopted after the Second World War started to change in the 1970ies and provoked strong impacts on the world economy, its politics as well as the labor market. More countries and workers engaged with multinational corporations global production chains but the labor conditions declined in comparison with the former paradigm and even core labor standards got constantly violated in several countries. These norms arise from the International Labor Organization and are part of the labor regime. Once ratified by its member countries its up to them to enforce their accomplishment through their legislations and coercive power. However some state reforms reduced this power and led the trade unions to seek for supranational mechanisms to defend the labor standards and this research aims to analyze the effects of the unions transnational relations on the international labor regime with emphasis on its public and private arrangements.
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Mortari, Edson Franciscato. "A constituição e a cobrança da contribuição social incidente sobre a folha de salários e demais rendimentos do trabalho na Justiça do Trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6882.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-24Commonly speaking, constitution of tax credit undertakes application of the general rule, abstract to the phenomenon event, characterized by a positive movement, which constitutes facts and tax-legal obligations solely exercised by the Executive Branch (assessment) and by the tax payer (tax return and payment). However, with enactment of Constitutional Amendment 20/98, this rule was altered upon the Judiciary Branch being granted jurisdiction, specifically Labor Justice, to constitute tax credits related to the social contributions set forth in article 195, I, a and II of the Federal Constitution. This new form of tax credit constitution is not envisaged in the National Tax Code, which sets that the act of constitution tax credit trough assessment is not related to administrative authority, which creates a gap in the constitution rules in force triggering possible distinct normative treatments for equal taxes. As a consequence, some matters related to the nature of the constitution of tax credit by the Labor Justice and the applicability of the prescription (time barring) rules will be analyzed in this study so the tax-legal relations created and demanded in labor claims are not treated with less respect in compared to substantive law, thus avoiding mistakes and maintaining safety and predictability, which are inherent to the legal system
Ordinariamente, a constituição do crédito tributário pressupõe a prática de atos de aplicação da norma geral e abstrata ao evento fenomênico, caracterizado por um movimento de positivação, que constitui fatos e relações jurídico-tributárias obrigacionais, exclusivamente exercida pelo Poder Executivo (lançamento) e pelo contribuinte (declaração e recolhimento do tributo). Todavia, com a edição da Emenda Constitucional n. 20/98, essa regra foi alterada com a outorga da competência ao Poder Judiciário, especificamente à Justiça do Trabalho, para constituir créditos tributários relativos às contribuições sociais previstas no artigo 195, I, a e II da Constituição Federal. Esta nova forma de constituição do crédito tributário não está prevista no Código Tributário Nacional, que prescreve ser privativa da autoridade administrativa o ato de constituição do crédito tributário pelo lançamento, causando um vácuo nas normas de regência desta constituição, ocasionando possíveis tratamentos normativos distintos para espécies tributárias iguais. Por conseguinte, questões relacionadas à natureza do ato constitutivo do crédito tributário promovido pela Justiça do Trabalho e a aplicabilidade das regras de decadência, serão objetos da análise do presente trabalho, para que as relações jurídico tributárias nascidas e exigidas nas reclamações trabalhistas não sejam tratadas com menoscabo em relação ao direito positivo, evitando equívocos e mantendo a segurança e previsibilidade inerentes ao sistema jurídico
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Guyon, Charles. "L'influence des normes supranationales sur le droit du travail français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020067.
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Nul n’est censé ignorer la loi… même supranationale. La « censure » des dispositions relatives au contrat « nouvelles embauches » l’a vigoureusement démontré. Des normes supranationales, l’influence n’a jamais été aussi forte : elles couvrent progressivement l’ensemble des compartiments du droit français du travail. Tous les acteurs, publics et privés, doivent porter leur regard au-delà du cadre hexagonal. Un but est affiché : maîtriser la diffusion des normes supranationales, sans laquelle il n’est point d’adhésion de leurs destinataires, et appréhender les transformations du droit français du travail auxquelles elles conduisent. De nouveaux instruments doivent, à cet effet, être forgésNo one is deemed ignorant of the law… including supranational standards. The “censure” of the provisions relating to the “new hiring” employment contract vigorously demonstrated so. The influence of supranational standards has never been so strong: they progressively cover all of the fields of French Labour Law. All stakeholders, whether public or private, need to look beyond French borders. The stated aim is to control the spread of supranational standards, without which there is no acceptance by its recipients, and apprehend the resulting transformations of French Labour Law. New legal methodologies and instruments need to be implemented in this respect
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Andersson, Carlaxel Bo, Morgan Karlsson, Carl Bengt Gunnar Leo, Sara Olsson, and Anna Svensson. "Att dra sitt strå till stacken : En studie om arbetsmarknadens inverkan på individen." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6623.
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Arbetslivet och frånvaron av arbete är en stor del av en individs identitetsskapande. Samtidigt pågår stora förändringar på arbetsmarknaden och individen måste vara anpassningsbar, till att vara i en ny situation och omdefiniera sin egen identitet. Den första delen i antologin handlar om hur den flexibla arbetsmarknaden har för inverkan på en individs identitet och livsvillkor. Studien visar att informanterna lever i olika stor grad i denna verklighet ch har en inverkan på dess identitetsskapande. Nästa bidrag belyser hur det sociala samspelet ser ut mellan olika etniska grupper på arbetsmarknaden. Tredje delen handlar om arbetslöshetens konsekvenser för identiteten och dess upplevelser av arbetslöshet. Studien visar på att upplevelserna är varierande och kan både vara positiva och negativa.
I bidraget kring utmattning framkommer vikten av att se till samhället och inte enbart den medicinska vetenskapen. Studien visar på att tillit, normer och värderingar har betydelse kring en individs identitet och livsvillkor.
Den sista delen behandlar vad utbildning och arbete har för betydelse för unga mänsidentitetsskapande och vad som kan påverka dem i deras val.
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Pereira, Hélcius Batista. "A realização do sujeito pela elite paulistana do início do século XX: uma análise em perspectiva gerativista trans-sistêmica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-09052011-144015/.
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O presente trabalho analisa a trajetória dos sujeitos vazios e expressos na norma lingüística efetivamente utilizada pela elite paulistana, em fins do século XIX até a década de 1930, quando S. Paulo recebeu grande afluxo de imigrantes usuários de \"línguas de sujeito nulo\". Partindo de uma avaliação crítica do \"variacionismo paramétrico\", baseado em Labov e Chomsky, propomos o \"gerativismo trans-sistêmico\". Nessa perspectiva, a língua é gerada em dois níveis: no nível de origem biológica e inata, a faculdade da linguagem, após amadurecimento, dota o indivíduo de \"competência lingüística\"; no nível de natureza social, o habitus, depois de internalizado, o proverá de \"capital lingüístico\", tal qual proposto por Bourdieu. Temos, assim, um módulo gerativo que permite ao indivíduo oferecer seus produtos no mercado lingüístico altamente concentrado. A análise de corpora lingüísticos nos levou a concluir que a elite, apesar de fazer um maior uso do sujeito vazio, já incrementava o uso dos expressos, fenômeno já bem avançado no dialeto caipira. Tal comportamento é explicado por fatores estruturais internos à língua, e também expressa, do ponto de vista histórico-social, uma clara opção por uma forma lingüística que se opunha à norma dos imigrantes, tal qual previsto no habitus da elite.This paper analyses the trajectory of empty subjects and overt subjects in the standard language of the elite of São Paulo from the late XIX century to 1930s, when that city received a large influx of immigrants, who were speakers of languages with null subject . Starting from a critic assessment of the \"parametric variacionism\", based on Labov and Chomsky, we propose the \"trans-systemic generativism\". From this perspective, language is generated in two levels: in the biological and innate level, the language faculty, after matured, endows the individual with \"linguistic competence\"; in the social level, the habitus, after internalized, provides the individual with \"linguistic capital\", as proposed by Bourdieu. Therefore we believe that there is a generative module that allows individuals to offer their products in the highly concentrated linguistic market. The analysis of the linguistic corpora led us to conclude that the elite, despite making more use of empty subject, was already boosting the use of overt subjects, a phenomenon well advanced in the caipira dialect. This behavior is explained by structural factors internal to language, and also expressed, from the social-historical standpoint, a clear choice of a linguistic form as opposed to the standard language of immigrants, as established by the habitus of the elite.
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Giacomel, Aurore. "Les enjeux du travail émotionnel individuel et collectif dans les groupes hôteliers multinationaux : la complexité de l’équilibre émotionnel au service de l’homéostasie organisationnelle." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0018/document.
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Les métiers du tourisme emploient un actif sur dix dans l’économie mondiale et affichent une croissance forte. L’hôtellerie doit faire face aujourd’hui à une forte turbulence du marché avec l’apparition de nouveaux acteurs tel que Airbnb, qui concurrencent les groupes hôteliers multinationaux. La complexité croissante de l’environnement exige des chaînes hôtelières une capacité accrue d’adaptation. Les demandes des touristes se diversifiant vers davantage d’expériences et d’authenticité, les hôteliers fondent leurs stratégies sur ces concepts et les diffusent dans les métiers du front office. Ces salariés, qui doivent réaliser un travail émotionnel pour répondre aux attentes organisationnelles d’un service de qualité, se voient prescrire des injonctions parfois paradoxales qui peuvent déboucher sur des comportements de retrait et des cas de déséquilibre émotionnel. Une meilleure compréhension du travail émotionnel et de l’équilibre émotionnel individuel et collectif peut-elle permettre d’optimiser la capacité adaptative dans ces métiers de contact ? Nous proposons un apport original dans la littérature en sciences de gestion en reliant l’équilibre de l’être humain dans son univers de travail à l’équilibre organisationnel dans son environnement concurrentiel. Notre analyse qualitative, multiniveau et transdisciplinaire, guidée par l’approche épistémologique de la pensée complexe d’Edgar Morin, repose sur soixante entretiens d’employés et de managers du front office, et nous éclaire sur les comportements et les vécus émotionnels dans ces métiers à travers la perception de leurs rôles de travail exposés à l’évolution des normes organisationnelles issues de la stratégie des firmesTourism employs one out of ten workers in the global economy and is showing very strong growth. The hotel industry is now facing strong market turbulence with the emergence of new players such as Airbnb, who compete with multinational hotel groups. The increasing complexity of the environment requires hotel chains to improve their ability to adapt. The demands of tourists are diversifying more towards experiences and authenticity, and hoteliers are basing their strategies on these concepts and transmitting them to front office jobs. These employees, who must perform emotional labor in order to meet the organizational expectations of a quality service, are prescribed paradoxical injunctions that lead to a multiplication of cases of emotional imbalance among these employees. The same phenomenon is observed among managers who, in addition to monitoring emotional management within their teams, must manage their own emotions. Can a better understanding of emotional labor as well as individual and collective emotional balances serve to optimize the adaptive capacity in these contact teams? We propose an original contribution in the management science literature by linking the balance of the human being in his workplace to the organizational balance in his competitive environment. Guided by Edgar Morin's epistemology of complex thought, we conducted a multilevel and transdisciplinary analysis based on the hoteliers' strategic issues, which are reflected in the organizational norms and in the work roles and experiences of the employees and managers
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CRO, PAOLO. "Gestione del rapporto di lavoro e intervento pubblico nel sistema giuslavoristico." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95.
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L'opera esamina l'intervento pubblico nella gestione del rapporto di lavoro sotto il profilo storico e giuridico nelle tre fasi d'instaurazione, gestione e cessazione del rapporto. Si valorizza anche il ruolo specifico dei tre poteri legislativo, esecutivo e giudiziario, con particolare riguardo all'analisi sistematica del diritto amministrativo del lavoro. L'opera intende porre in luce gli elementi logici, giuridici ed assiologici di questo ramo del diritto del lavoro, per ricondurne le fattispecie esaminate ad un sistema coerente e razionale e per suggerirne sia un metodo d'analisi de iure condito sia una prospettiva per una lettura ed una proposta de iure condendo.This work analyses how public powers affects labour relationships both from the historical and the juridical points of view. The three main phases of labour relationships beginning, management and end are examined separately. The specific contributions by the three public powers legislative, administrative and judiciary especially by the public administration, are also dealt with. The goal is to illustrate the logical, juridical and ethical elements of this branch of the labour law, in order to build a rational system for both the analysis de iure condito and the debate de iure condendo.
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Najafi, Maja, and Marcus Wollbratt. "Sickness absence in Sweden : A study of early retirement and sickness absence." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1120.
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The purpose of this thesis has been to analyse seven major factors that tend to influence the rate of early retirement in Sweden. The scope of data was gathered for every municipality in Sweden. Economic theories of labour supply, Moral Hazard, Adverse Selection and the Insurance Model were used to analyse the empirical results. In the analysis, earlier studies of the rate of sickness absence were important and used as a framework in choosing the explanatory variables for the econometric model. The analysed variables were; average income, average sickness days, educational level, foreign born, public sector employment, unemployment and the share of women in the population. As a consequence of the rift that occurred in 2003, when the average sickness days decreased and disbursed early retirements simultaneously increased, the relationship between these two variables was given special attention. The empirical findings confirmed our conjectures and were consistent with earlier research. Average income and the level of education were negatively related to the rate of early retirement. Moreover foreign born, average sickness days and unemployment showed a positive relation to early retirement. The relationship between average sickness days and early retirement had statistically changed and decreased between the years. A possibility is that other factors, such as changed social norms and increased stress in society (which are difficult to measure in a statistical and economical sense) might have become more relevant in explaining the rate of early retirement.
Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att analysera sju viktiga faktorer som tenderar att påverka graden av förtidspensionering i Sverige. Data omfånget insamlades för alla kommuner i Sverige. Ekonomiska teorier om arbetsutbud, Moral Hazard, Adverse Selection och Insurance Model användes för att analysera de empiriska resultaten. I analysen var tidigare studier utav graden av sjukfrånvaro viktig och användes som ramverk i valet av de förklarande variablerna till den ekonometriska modellen. De analyserade variablerna var; medelinkomst, genom-snittliga sjukdagar, utbildningsnivå, utlandsfödda, offentligt anställda, arbetslöshet och andelen kvinnor i befolkningen. Som en konsekvens utav den klyfta som uppstod 2003, när de genomsnittliga sjukdagarna minskade och utbetalda förtidspensioner samtidigt ökade, gavs sambandet mellan dessa två variabler speciell uppmärksamhet. De empiriska iakttagelserna bekräftade våra förväntningar och stämde överens med tidigare forskning. Medelinkomst och utbildningsnivå var negativt relaterade till graden av förtidspensionering. Dessutom var utlandsfödd, genomsnittliga sjukdagar och arbetslöshet positivt relaterade till förtidspensionering. Relationen mellan de genomsnittliga sjukdagarna och graden av förtidspensionering hade statistiskt sätt ändrats genom att ha minskat mellan åren. En tänkbar förklaring till detta skulle kunna vara att andra faktorer, såsom skiftande sociala normer och en ökande stress i samhället (vilka är svåra att mäta statistiskt och ekonomiskt) kan ha blivit mer relevanta i att förklara graden av förtidspensionering.
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Laronze, Fleur. "Les conflits de normes dans les relations de travail : contribution à l'étude des organisations." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10030.
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Les conflits de normes ont fait l'objet d'analyses spécifiques dans le cadre du droit international privé, du droit transitoire ou encore de la logique juridique. Ils n'ont pas pour autant été systématisés afin d'extraire les conditions de leur émergence au sein des disciplines juridiques, plus particulièrement le droit du travail et le droit des affaires, et les effets de leur solution sur les situations appréhendées par le droit. Une perspective interdisciplinaire peut, en outre, être retenue. L'étude des conflits de normes envisagée sous l'angle d'une conception pluraliste du droit élargit le problème qu'ils posent traditionnellement et tente de trouver, dans le contexte actuel de la mondialisation, la voie d'une redéfinition de l'articulation des normes et d'un renouvellement du droit. Elle enrichit l'approche du droit déclinée sous forme d'organisations. Ces dernières sont fondées sur des mécanismes et des intérêts et produisent du droit, conformément à la théorie d'Hauriou et de Romano. Dès lors, compte tenu de l'hétérogénéité des intérêts surgissant de toute part sur la scène internationale, les organisations étatiques, privées, européennes, internationales, générant leur propre ordre juridique se confrontent. L'interaction entre les ordres juridiques se matérialise par des conflits de normes qui fragilisent leur autonomie intrinsèque. Leur revendication d'indépendance fait obstacle à l'interdépendance qui caractérise originellement leur relation. Néanmoins, la restauration de l'autonomie et le renforcement de l'interdépendance des organisations sont essentiels afin de garantir l'équilibre entre les intérêts économiques et sociaux, général et particuliers. Ils permettent de maîtriser le conflit de normes qui n'est plus subi mais choisi, ou de le faire disparaîtreConflicts of norms made the object of specific analysis as part of private international law, as transitional law or else as legal logic. They were not systematized therefore to extract the conditions of their emergence within legal disciplines, more particularly labour law and company law, and the effects of their resolution on situations caught by law. An interdisciplinary perspective can, besides, be kept. And the study of conflicts of norms considered from the angle of a pluralist conception of law enlarges the problem which they put down traditionally and try to find, in the present situation of globalization, the way of a redefining of the articulation of norms and of a renewal of law. It enriches the approach of law declined in form of organizations. These last are founded on mechanisms and interests and produce law, in accordance with the theory of Hauriou and Romano. Since then, considering the heterogeneity of interests coming into sight on the international stage from everywhere, the international, european, private, state organizations, generating their own legal order are confronted. The correlation between legal orders materializes by conflicts of norms which weaken their intrinsic autonomy. Their claim of independence stands in the way of the interrelationship which characterizes their relation originally. However, the restoration of the autonomy and the strengthening of the interrelationship of organizations are essential to guarantee balance between economic and social interests, general and individual interests. They allow to control the conflict of norms which is not undergone any more but chosen, or to remove it
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Alpman, Anil. "Consumer behavior, household production and shadow prices : applications to the allocation of time and to social interactions." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E045.
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Certaines ressources ne peuvent pas être échangées sur le marché mais elles peuvent être valorisées par les prix virtuels. Je dérive théoriquement 3 types de prix virtuels dont j'estime structurellement la valeur au niveau individuel afin d'analyser leurs effets sur le comportement et le bien-être des individus. J'apparie statistiquement les enquêtes Consumer Expenditure et American Time Use en utilisant une procédure d'appariement qui résout les faiblesses des procédures standards. Premièrement, j'estime le prix virtuel du temps qui nécessite des étapes permettant l'estimation d'une fonction d'utilité, qui dépend du temps et des biens marchands, que j'utilise comme une nouvelle mesure de bien-être. Les résultats montrent que la réallocation du temps a permis d'absorber 30% de l'effet néfaste de la Grande Récession. Je calcule ensuite le prix virtuel de 5 activités (produites par le consommateur), telles que le loisir et l'alimentation, afin d'estimer les élasticités des utilisations du temps (y compris l'offre de travail) et de la demande d'activité par rapport au revenu complet, au prix virtuel du temps, au prix virtuel des activités, au salaire, et au prix des biens marchands. Le troisième prix virtuel que j'aborde fournit le coût du sous-emploi/chômage en fonction de caractéristiques individuelles. Cela permet d'évaluer le coût d'opportunité des politiques d'emplois et de déterminer le niveau des allocations chômage. Finalement, je propose une reformulation de la théorie des normes sociales où j'analyse les déterminants de la désobéissance aux normes sociales ; et l'effet de la désobéissance sur les prix virtuels, le comportement individuel et, enfin, sur la croissanceMany resources cannot be exchanged and priced on the markets but they can be valued by shadow prices. In this thesis, I theoretically derive 3 kinds of shadow prices and structurally estimate them at the individual level to analyze their effects on the behavior and the welfare of individuals. I combine the consumer expenditure and the American time use surveys (2004-2012) using a statistical matching procedure that overcomes the shortcomings of standard procedures. I first estimate the shadow price of time, which involves several steps where a utility function is estimated as a proxy for a new kind of well-being measure that depends on the amounts of time and market goods: it is shown that the reallocation of the forgone market work hours absorbed 30% of the Great Recession's negative welfare impact. Then, I compute the shadow prices of 5 home-produced activities (e.g., leisure and food) to estimate the elasticities of the time allocation functions (including the labor supply) and the demand elasticities of the activities with respect to the full income, the shadow price of time, the shadow price of the activities, the wage rate, and the price of market goods. The third shadow price addressed in this thesis yields the costs of under/unemployment as a function of demographic characteristics, which is essential for evaluating the opportunity cost of unemployment policies and for setting the level of unemployment benefits. Finally, I propose a reformulation of the theory of social norms where I analyze the determinants of the disobedience level to social norms along the effects of the disobedience on shadow prices, individuals' behavior, and, eventually, on economic growth
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Prevot-Carpentier, Muriel. "Les "conditions de travail" : proposition de modélisation pour l'usage : Entre épistémologie et philosophie sociale, un mode de traitement ergologique du concept." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3111.
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A partir d’une problématique suscitée par l’élaboration de l’Observatoire des Conditions de Travail de l’Agence Nationale pour l’Emploi (ANPE) auquel nous avons participé en Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche (CIFRE), la thèse retrace les généalogies conceptuelles qui ont amené aux visions actuelles du concept de « conditions de travail », qui s’est institutionnalisé en France vers 1970 en restant sans définition. Marqué au niveau de sa structure par une conception factorielle issue de la division du travail, et par une conception séquentielle issue du taylorisme qui s’y est superposée, il se constitue progressivement au niveau de son sens dans les débats du XIXe siècle dans une dialectique entre droit-liberté et pouvoir-domination qui s’apparente à une conception politique des conditions pour le travail, subsumée à partir du mouvement de rationalisation du début du XXe siècle par une conception organisationnelle de conditions entièrement normées ou normables. Ces conditions tendent alors à être traitées dans des négociations institutionnelles, en désadhérence de la dialectique permanente et sans cesse renouvelée du normatif et du normé dans l’activité. Cette distance entre le concept et la vie est une usurpation épistémologique dont nous proposons le dépassement par une modélisation ergologique du concept mettant en visibilité les multiples entités de débats de normes, et donc de valeurs, du micro au macro dans l’espace social. Ce mode de traitement renouvelé du concept au profit de ceux qui travaillent, favoriserait l’émergence d’alternatives laissées en pénombre dans l’activité, sources potentielles de performance pour les entités productivesStemming from an issue concerning the creation of the observatory of the working conditions within the French National Employment Agency (ANPE) that we participated in as beneficiary of an industrial research grant (CIFRE), the thesis retraces the conceptual genealogies that led to the current views on the concept of « working conditions », which was institutionalized in France around 1970 but remain undefined. Initially structured according to a factorial understanding based on the division of labour, then extended using sequential design derived from taylorism, its meaning is progressively built during the nineteenth century through dialectics between rights-freedom and authority-domination which refers to a political understanding of the working conditions, subsumed from the early twentieth century’s rationalization movement by an organizational design of fully standardized or standardizable conditions. These conditions then tend to be exploited within institutional negotiations, being disconnected from continuously renewed dialectics between normative and normed in activity. This gap between the concept and real life is an epistemological usurpation which we propose to surpass using an ergological way of modeling the concept that brings visibility to multiple groups of debates regarding standards, and therefore values, from micro to macro in the social space. This renewed way of addressing the concept which benefits to those who work, could promote the emergence of alternatives left in the semi-darkness of the activity, potential sources of performance for productive groups
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Percher, Camille. "Le concept de travail décent à l'épreuve du droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2110.
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Le concept de travail décent a été présenté par le Directeur général du Bureau international du travail, en 1999, comme l’objectif prioritaire de l’Organisation internationale du travail permettant à chaque femme et chaque homme d’exercer une activité dans des conditions de liberté, d’équité, de sécurité et de dignité. Il regroupe quatre piliers interdépendants que sont l’emploi, la protection sociale, le dialogue social et la promotion des droits au travail. De manière inédite, l’OIT impose un cadre d’action pour tous les États membres. Evoluant en fonction des conditions socio-économiques de chaque État membre, le concept de travail décent est susceptible d’être défini localement tout en ayant un contour universel. La traduction du concept est facilitée par le biais des programmes par pays de travail décent (PPTD), relevant de la coopération technique du BIT, et des indicateurs mesurant le travail décent. Le concept apparaît alors comme un objectif de portée universelle et non comme une norme juridique. Si la coopération technique de l’OIT facilite la réalisation du travail décent, son action normative est également essentielle. L’action normative doit aussi s’orienter vers le concept de travail décent, comme le montrent la Convention du travail maritime adoptée par la Conférence internationale du travail en 2006 et la Convention n°189 concernant le travail décent des travailleurs domestiques adoptée en 2011. Toutefois, perçu comme un slogan politique pour redonner une visibilité à l’OIT, fragilisée par le contexte de la mondialisation, le concept de travail décent a été critiqué pour son caractère minimaliste et ignoré au sein de l’UE. La confrontation entre le concept de travail décent et le droit de l’Union révèle alors un paradoxe entre l’accroissement des conditions de vie et de travail indécentes au profit d’un renforcement du droit du marché du travail ainsi que du droit du marché intérieur et l’engagement de tous les États membres de l’UE d’être liés à la Déclaration de l’OIT de 1998. Pourtant, la situation économique et sociale actuelle au sein de l’Union européenne interroge sur la nécessité et la possibilité d’intégrer le concept de travail décent, qui révèle une approche particulière du travail, en droit de l’Union européenne. En effet, la réflexion sur un régime de travail réellement humain centrée sur les valeurs de justice sociale et de dignité humaine trouve tout son sens dans le contexte actuel de la gouvernance économique au sein de l’Union européenne et des mesures d’austérité envisageant le travail sous l’angle du marché et des échanges. La justice sociale dans le sens que lui a donné la Déclaration de Philadelphie de 1944 puis le concept de travail décent, c’est-à-dire celui de l’action, est aujourd’hui indispensable pour la protection des personnes et de l’environnement. La situation actuelle au sein de l’UE constitue donc un enjeu pour l’OIT dans sa capacité à imposer la traduction du concept de travail décent en droit social européen et pour l’UE elle-même. Le concept de travail décent propose des solutions pour l’action normative, il implique des exigences pour le législateur et le juge de l’UE. A l’instar de l’OIT, l’UE doit orienter son action normative vers le concept de travail décent pour renforcer la place des droits sociaux fondamentaux face aux libertés économiques. Cette nouvelle orientation nécessite alors pour l’UE de prendre appui sur les instruments de l’OIT, en particulier sur ses conventions et déclarations ainsi que sur la coopération technique prenant en compte ses spécificitésThe concept of decent work has been presented by the Director-General of the International Labour Office, in 1999, as an International Labour Organisation’s priority objective enabling every woman and man to exercise an activity in conditions of freedom, equity, security and dignity. This concept brings together four independent pillars that are employment, social protection, social dialogue, respecting, promoting and realizing the fundamental principles and rights at work. In a new way, the ILO imposes a framework of action for all Member States. Depending on the socio-economic conditions in each Member State, the concept of decent work is likely to be defined locally while having a universal outline. The translation of the concept is facilitated through Decent Work Country Programs (DWCPs) under ILO technical cooperation, and indicators measuring decent work. The concept of decent work therefore appears as an objectif of universal scope and not as a legal norm. If ILO’s technical cooperation facilitates the achievement of decent work, its normative action is also essential. Normative action must also be directed towards the concept of decent work, as reflected in the Maritime Labour Convention adopted, in 2006, by the International Labour Conference and in the Convention n° 189 concerning decent work for domestic workers adopted in 2011. The concept of decent work, seen as a political slogan to give visibility to the ILO, weakened by the contexte of globalization, was criticized for its minimalist nature and ignored within the European Union. The confrontation between the concept of decent work and the law of the European Union reveals a paradox between the increase in indecent living and working conditions in favor of a strengthening of labor market law and market law and the commitment of all EU member states to be linked to the ILO Declaration of 1998. Yet, the current economic and social situation in the European Union raises the question of the need and possibility of integrating the concept of decent work, which reveals a particular approach to work, in European Union law. Reflection on humane conditions of labour centered on the values of social justice and human dignity makes sense in the current context of economic governance in the European Union and the austerity measures considering the work from the perspective of the market and trade. Social justice in the sense given to it by the Declaration of Philadelphia of 1944 and then the concept of decent work, that is to say the principle of action, is today indispensable for the protection of people and the environment. The current situation in the EU is therefore an issue for the ILO in its own ability to impose the translation of the concept of decent work into European social law and for the EU itself. The concept of decent work proposes solutions for normative action and thus it implies requirements for the legislator and the judge of the EU. Like the ILO, the EU must direct its normative action towards the concept of decent work to strengthen the place of fundamental social rights in the face of economic freedoms. This new approach requires the EU to build on ILO’ instruments, in particular on its conventions and declarations and on technical cooperation taking into account its specificities
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Cavalcanti, Teixeira Louisiana. "The Social Impacts of Trade Liberalization in Brazil : An Analysis of the Manaus Free Trade Zone and the Macroeconomic Reforms in the 1990s." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222019PSLED022%22.
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Cette thèse explore de manière empirique les impacts sociaux de la libéralisation du commerce au Brésil. Premièrement, nous examinons les politiques de libéralisation des années 90 et leurs impacts sur le revenu et la privation multidimensionnelle. En utilisant la méthode des différence-en-différences et un panel de 1987-1997, les résultats suggèrent que la libéralisation a réduit le revenu et a détérioré les conditions non monétaires du ménage dans les secteurs formels à forte intensité masculine. Cela a également contribué au processus d'informalisation du travail déjà en cours, favorisant l'expansion de la main- d'œuvre féminine. Par la suite, nous traitons le cas de la Zone Franche de Manaus. En utilisant les techniques résiduelles et de frontière stochastiques, l'analyse confirme que la mise en œuvre de la ZFM a contribué à l'efficacité social et du travail dans la région en raison des contrôles rigoureux effectués par SUFRAMA. Néanmoins, les liens économiques dans la région sont encore faibles et des effets de débordements positifs entre Manaus et ses environs sont probablement inexistantsThis dissertation explores empirically the social impacts of the trade liberalization in Brazil. Firstly, we consider the liberalization policies of the 1990s and its impacts on income and on the multidimensional deprivation. Using the difference in differences method and a panel from 1987-1997, results suggests that trade liberalization has reduced income levels and deteriorated the household's non-monetary conditions in male-intensive formal sectors. It has also contributed to the labor informalization process already under way, favoring female labor's expansion. Subsequently, we treat the Manaus Free Trade Zone's case. Using the residuals and the stochastic frontier techniques, the analysis confirms that the MFTZ’s implementation collaborated to labor and social efficiency in the area due to the rigid checks conducted by SUFRAMA. Nevertheless, economic linkages in the region are still weak and positive spillovers from Manaus to its surroundings were probably inexistent
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Dufraisse-Charmillon, Chloé. "La réécriture du droit social maritime au sein du code des transports." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1044.
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Le code des transports accueille désormais les règles de droit social maritime. Le gouvernement a été habilité à procéder, en 2010, à une recodification à droit constant de ses dispositions éparses, notamment contenues dans le code du travail et le code du travail maritime. Alors que cette opération devait intervenir sans modification de l’état du droit, une certaine inconstance s’est révélée. La structure de la matière a été bouleversée. Elle démontre une ambivalence : le code des transports est exhibé comme instrument du progrès social, mais il peut également devenir un outil de dérèglementation. D'autant que sa partie réglementaire reste très incomplète. L'articulation du nouveau code avec le code du travail interroge également, notamment sous l'angle des rapports entre le droit commun et le droit spécial. Cette réécriture a, de surcroît, subit l'influence du droit international. L’intégration de la convention du travail maritime de l’Organisation internationale du travail a permis de réaffirmer les principes directeurs au fondement de la matière ainsi que la spécificité du droit applicable aux gens de mer. Pour autant, ces dynamiques normatives ont des effets paradoxaux car le droit international participe tour à tour à la destruction et à la reconstruction des droits nationaux. Aussi, la réécriture de la matière au sein du code des transports pourrait être annonciatrice d’un alignement du fond du droit social maritime sur les standards internationaux qui, à l'échelle du droit national français, ne sont pas nécessairement plus protecteurs. Ce mouvement du droit s'explique par une rude concurrence internationale propice à l'expression du dumping socialThe transport code now hosts social maritime law rules. The government was empowered to proceed, in 2010, to a recodification on the basis of established law of its disparate provisions, including those contained in both the labour code and the maritime labour code. Although this operation was to take place without changing the rule of law, a certain instability became obvious. The subject matter's structure was dramatically altered. It reveals an ambivalence : the transport code is exhibited as an instrument of social progress, yet it may also become a deregulation tool. To compound matters, its regulatory aspect remains very incomplete. The articulation of the new code with the labour code is equally perplexing, most notably with regard to the relationship between common law and special law. This rewriting has, in addition, undergone the influence of international law. The integration of the International labour organization's maritime labour convention made it possible to reaffirm the foundational guidelines of this topic as well as the specificity of laws applicable to seafarers. Moreover, these normative dynamics have paradoxical effects. In fact, international law contributes alternately to the destruction and reconstruction of national rights. Thus, the rewriting of the topic within the transport code could be the harbinger of an alignment of maritime social legal foundations with international standards, which, when compared with french law, are not necessarily more protective. This legal evolution reflects is due to a ruthless international competition that enables social dumping conditions
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Morin, Asli. "La convergence des jurisprudences de la Cour de cassation et du Conseil d'Etat : contribution au dialogue des juges en droit du travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020065.
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La thèse étudie sous leurs aspects, historiques, juridiques, la convergence des jurisprudences du Conseil d’Etat et de la Cour de cassation en droit du travail. D’autres juridictions,nationales (Tribunal des conflits et Conseil constitutionnel), européennes (Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme et Cour de justice de l’Union européenne) concourent à ce rapprochement. La thèse aborde la convergence des objectifs sous deux angles ; l’un né d’une attraction réciproque, l’autre, d’une attraction amplifiée. La convergence jurisprudentielle est successivement qualifiée de « recherchée » et de « nuancée ». Le « juge répartiteur » exerce une influence indirecte, à laquelle s’ajoute celle, directe, des « juges prescripteurs ». A la convergence des objectifs s’ajoute une convergence de la méthode, perceptible à travers les modes d’articulation des sources et les techniques de construction jurisprudentielle. La thèse démontre que le droit du travail, qui s’est construit en réunissant les enseignements du droit civil – la force obligatoire du contrat – et les leçons du droit public – l’importance de l’intérêt général – se révèle être le domaine d’élection d’un échange technique inédit entre les deux ordres juridictionnels. Cette étude signale le passage d’une période d’indifférence mutuelle à celle d’une attention devenue traditionnelle. A l’instar du dialogue qui existe entre le juge et le législateur en matière sociale, se noue un « dialogue des juges » des deux Hautes Juridictions, pour prévenir des discordances majeuresThis dissertation aims at describing how the two Supreme Institutions — the Board of State and the Court of Cassation —, despite their respective traditions and status were able to make their Jurisprudences convergent. Beginning with an historical Introduction, the study goes in details into the reciprocal attraction of the the Board of State and of the Court of Cassation based on shared goals (Part I). This convergent movement is discussed according to both Jurisprudences (Title 1), then in relation with the Jurisprudences of the Disputes Tribunal of the Constitutional Council and of the European Courts (Title 2). Part II offers a methodological approach explaining how the sources of these Jurisprudences are selected in order to solve normative conflicts (Title 1). A cross-movement consisting in loans and exchanges of technics between both Institutions occurs for the sake of Law unity and in defense of the public and individual Rights (Title 2)
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Caillet, Marie-Caroline. "Le droit à l'épreuve de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises : étude à partir des entreprises transnationales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0234/document.
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Les entreprises sont aujourd’hui au coeur des échanges économiques mondiaux. Ces échanges se traduisent par la mise en place de relations commerciales desquelles peuvent émerger des structures souvent complexes et difficilement saisissables par le droit : les entreprises transnationales. Aucune réponse juridique satisfaisante n’a encore été trouvée pour les encadrer, alors que paradoxalement, la RSE donne naissance à des normes, des outils et des instruments pour les responsabiliser. L’étude de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises transnationales à travers le prisme du droit révèle en réalité l’émergence d’un cadre de régulation hybride : les normes de RSE s’immiscent dans le droit, conduisant celui-ci à s’emparer de ces normes à son tour. Cet échange permet d’aborder l’entreprise transnationale à travers une approche nouvelle, tirée des normes de RSE, c’est-à-dire à travers son organisation et ses fonctions. Les relations de l’entreprise avec ses partenaires commerciaux deviennent alors une assise potentielle pour le droit, davantage que son statut ou que sa structure juridique, à partir desquelles peuvent être imputées des obligations, aujourd’hui inexistantes. Une fois l’entreprise transnationale saisie, c’est un cadre juridique adapté à son organisation complexe qui peut être mis à jour. L’étude des normes de RSE dévoile un enrichissement des règles applicables à l’entreprise transnationale et un renforcement potentiel de sa responsabilité juridique, fondée sur une approche préventive mais également solidaire du droit de la responsabilité. Passant outre les problèmes posés par l’absence de statut juridique, la RSE permet de saisir les entreprises transnationales par le biais de leurs relations commerciales, et d’envisager la conception d’un nouveau standard juridique de conduite sociétale, générateur d’une responsabilité individuelle et collective fondée sur une obligation de vigilanceCompanies are now at the heart of global trade. These economic exchanges result in the establishment of commercial relationships, from which may emerge structures that are often complex and difficult to grapple with under the law: transnational corporations. While no satisfactory legal framework has yet been established to frame their work, paradoxically CSR gives rise to standards, tools and instruments to ensure their accountability. The study of the social responsibility of transnational corporations through the prism of the law actually reveals the emergence of a hybrid framework of regulation: CSR standards influence the law, forcing the law in turn to take note of these standards. This exchange allows us to handle a transnational business through a new approach derived from CSR standards, essentially through its organisation and functions. The relationship between a company and its business partners then becomes a potential basis for the law, rather than its status or its legal structure, from which can be derived responsibilities. Once a transnational corporation is seized, a legal framework adapted to its complex structure can come to light. The study of CSR standards reveals an enrichment of the rules applicable to transnational corporations and a potential strengthening of their legal liability, based on a preventive and joint and several approach of the law of responsibility. Ignoring the problems posed by the lack of legal status, CSR allows for the regulation of transnational enterprises through their commercial relations and provides a basis for the development of a new legal standard of social conduct, giving rise to individual and collective liability based on a duty of care
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Lampron, Louis-Philippe. "L’existence d’une hiérarchie juridique favorisant la protection des convictions religieuses au sein des droits fondamentaux canadiens." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG2029/document.
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Depuis l’arrêt Dagenais c. Radio-Canada, rendu en 1994, la Cour suprême du Canada n’a jamais remis en cause le principe selon lequel il ne doit exister aucune hiérarchie juridique entre les droits et libertés protégés par les chartes canadienne et québécoise. Or, une revue attentive de la jurisprudence canadienne en matière de protection des convictions religieuses nous a permis d’identifier une certaine réticence sinon un « certain malaise » des institutions judiciaires lorsqu’elles doivent déterminer des limites claires au-delà desquelles les revendications fondées sur les convictions religieuses ne peuvent plus bénéficier d’une protection constitutionnelle ou quasi-constitutionnelle. Cette « réticence judiciaire » étant toute particulière aux dispositions protégeant les convictions religieuses au Canada, il nous a semblé plausible que ses impacts juridiques soient symptomatiques de l’établissement implicite – mais bien réel – d’une hiérarchie juridique matérielle (ou systémique) entre les différents droits fondamentaux protégés par les chartes canadienne et québécoise. En nous fondant sur un cadre d’analyse théorique inspiré par les travaux du professeur Rik Torfs, de l’Université catholique de Louvain en Belgique, et au moyen d’une étude focalisée sur le contexte des relations de travail, nous entendons démontrer que l’état actuel du droit canadien et québécois concernant les revendications fondées sur les différentes croyances et coutumes religieuses témoigne de l’application d’un modèle hiérarchique (le « modèle de confiance ») qui assigne aux dispositions concernant la protection des convictions religieuses individuelles une place parmi les plus élevées de cette même hiérarchie. Nous espérons ainsi contribuer de manière significative à la théorie du droit par l’atteinte de trois objectifs principaux : (1) Établir et mettre en œuvre une méthode permettant d’identifier une hiérarchie matérielle entre deux ensembles de droits fondamentaux ; (2) Mettre à jour l’étroite relation susceptible d’exister entre les différents modèles nationaux de gestion du pluralisme religieux et le concept de hiérarchie matérielle entre droits fondamentaux ; et (3) Établir l’existence d’une hiérarchie matérielle entre droits fondamentaux de nature constitutionnelle au Canada, par l’entremise de la démonstration du déséquilibre hiérarchique favorisant les dispositions protégeant les convictions religieuses au sein du plus large ensemble des droits et libertés de nature constitutionnelle au CanadaSince Dagenais c. Radio-Canada, rendered in 1994, the Supreme Court of Canada has never questioned the principle of “no legal hierarchy between the different Human Rights protected by the Canadian and Quebec charters. However, a careful review of Canadian jurisprudence on the protection of religious beliefs permits to detect a certain reluctance if not a "discomfort" of judicial institutions when they must identify clear boundaries beyond which the claims based on religious beliefs can not be constitutionnaly (or quasi-constitutionnaly) protected. This "judicial reluctance" being particular to provisions protecting religious convictions in Canada, it seemed possible to us that its impacts may be symptomatic of the implicit - but real - establishment a legal hierarchy between the various Human Rights protected by the Canadian and Quebec charters. Based on a theoretical framework inspired by the work of Rik Torfs, Professor in the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, and through a study focused on the context of labor relations, we intend to demonstrate that the current state of Canadian and Quebec law on claims based on different religious beliefs and customs underlies the application of a hierarchical model (the "trust model") which assigns to the provisions protecting individual religious beliefs a place among the highest in the same hierarchy. In doing so, we hope to contribute significantly to the theory of law by achieving three main objectives : (1) To establish and implement a method permitting to identify a material hierarchy between two sets of fundamental rights, (2) To expose the close relationship that may exist between the different national models of management of religious pluralism and the concept of material hierarchy among human rights, and (3) To establish the existence of a material hierarchy between constitutional Human rights in Canada through the demonstration of hierarchical imbalance favoring the provisions protecting religious beliefs within the broader set of constitutionnal Human Rights in Canada
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Zemanek, Alysha Danielle. "Indiana school days: Native American education at St. Joseph's Indian Normal School and White's Manual Labor Institute." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7912/C2G94D.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Two boarding schools existed in the state of Indiana to educate Native American children between the ages of six and eighteen. Both schools received a government contract to teach native students which provided the institutions with money for each student they enrolled. St. Joseph’s Indian Normal School in Rensselaer operated from 1888 to 1896. White’s Indiana Manual Labor Institute in Wabash educated Native American children as part of a government contract from 1882 until 1895. These two schools were not the only institutions to educate Native American students in Indiana. However, they are the only boarding schools referenced in the literature on native tribes in Indiana and the only institutions I have found referenced which participated in a government contract to educate native children. This thesis will study both institutions during the period of their government contracts from 1882 until 1896.
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Lata, P. M. "A Comparative study of the personality maladjustment and views of women with normal and abnormal labour." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4316.
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Ward, Maurice Norman. "Contracting participation out of union culture: patterns of modality and interactional moves in a labour contract settlement / Maurice Norman Ward." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22342.
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"December 2004"Includes ammendments in front pocket.
Bibliography: leaves 503-515.
515 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, Discipline of Linguistics, 2006?