Relevant bibliographies by topics / Normalization by research level

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Normalization by research level'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Normalization by research level"

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Donner, Paul, and Ulrich Schmoch. "The implicit preference of bibliometrics for basic research." Scientometrics 124 (December 14, 2020): 1411–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03516-3.

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By individually associating articles to basic or applied research, it is shown that basic articles are cited more frequently than applied ones. Dividing the subject categories of the Web of Science into a basic and an applied part, the mean eld-normalization rate is referred to the applied or basic part depending on the research orientation of the paper analysed. By this approach, a distinct dierence of the citations for the applied and basic parts of most subject categories is found. However, dierences of the citation scores of applied and basic research organisations are found as well, but are less clear. The explanation is that applied and basic research organisations generally publish a mix of basic and applied articles. In consequence, the standard normalization without distinction of basic and applied papers is generally sucient for the bibliometric assessment of research organisations.
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Richter, Caitlin, Naomi H. Feldman, Harini Salgado, and Aren Jansen. "Evaluating Low-Level Speech Features Against Human Perceptual Data." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 5 (December 2017): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00071.

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We introduce a method for measuring the correspondence between low-level speech features and human perception, using a cognitive model of speech perception implemented directly on speech recordings. We evaluate two speaker normalization techniques using this method and find that in both cases, speech features that are normalized across speakers predict human data better than unnormalized speech features, consistent with previous research. Results further reveal differences across normalization methods in how well each predicts human data. This work provides a new framework for evaluating low-level representations of speech on their match to human perception, and lays the groundwork for creating more ecologically valid models of speech perception.
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Stanković, Nevena. "Challenges and the scope of the local-level normalization policy in the relationship between Belgrade and Priština through the prism of the Association of Serbian municipalities." Bastina, no. 65 (2025): 335–44. https://doi.org/10.5937/bastina35-57169.

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The aspects analyzed in this research tackle the challenges of the European Union normalization policy in the relationship between Belgrade and Pristina, requiring a two-level approach. In recent years, the EU's normalization policy has primarily focused on the intergovernmental level, resulting in a series of agreements between Belgrade and Pristina across various sectors. However, the EU has largely overlooked the local context, as inter-ethnic dynamics remain burdened by numerous destabilizing factors and the further entrenchment of existing conflict structures. The disparity between the agreed solutions and the realities at the local level within the normalization policy is primarily observed in the socio-political domain of the Serbian population, particularly in northern Kosovo and Metohija. The paper analyzes the observed disproportion in the policy of normalization in the context of issues of the failure to establish the Association of Serbian municipalities. The research methodology employed in this study includes content analysis of relevant documents, discourse analysis and qualitative analysis of media content.
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Westberg, Kate, Michael B. Beverland, and Samantha L. Thomas. "The Unintended Normalization of Gambling." Journal of Macromarketing 37, no. 4 (2017): 426–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146717720979.

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Although gambling has been legitimized as a form of leisure, this consumption activity can have individual and social costs. Policy approaches often focus on problem gambling as a discrete activity undertaken by an individual. Drawing on social practice theory and family identity research, we take an alternative approach, identifying how exposure to gambling can occur in emergent ways that can have an unintended but lasting effect. Based on 40 depth interviews, we identify how the pursuit of four family identity goals (membership and bonding, coming-of-age, emotional sustenance, and communing) plays a role in the normalization of gambling in childhood. We then explore how these goals and family gambling practices may contribute to gambling behaviour longer term. Finally, we examine the interplay between family identity goals at the meso-level, and wider macro-level socio-cultural institutions. Policy and social marketing initiatives that acknowledge the influence of identity-related gambling behaviour are recommended.
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Ismailov, S. I., and N. R. Piulatova. "Postoperative calcitonin study in medullary thyroid carcinoma." Endocrine-related cancer 11, no. 2 (2004): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.0.0110357.

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Calcitonin (CT) is a sensitive marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma. Normalization of early postoperative CT level is a favorable prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to establish the prognostic value of CT-level kinetics by preoperative tumor stage and postoperative elimination rate. Blood serum from 22 medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients without remote metastases was assayed. A commercial RIA DSL-1200 test was used to assay CT levels. Basal CT< or =42 pg/ml and stimulated CT< or =120 pg/ml were considered normal. The patients were divided into three groups according to the intensity of the postoperative CT level reduction in blood serum. Group 1 comprised patients who showed basal CT normalization within the first 2-3 days after surgery. Group 2 included those patients with slow (from 2 to 4 weeks) CT-level normalization. Group 3 included patients with CT levels that reduced within 14 days, but subsequently increased. Preoperative basal CT varies from 216 to 1654 pg/ml and depends on tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. In seven patients, no basal CT decrease to normal values was observed; in five of these patients, disease recurrence was detected 2-6 months after surgery. In the group with slowly decreasing CT levels, no strong correlation between preoperative CT level and the postoperative time to normalization of basal and peak CT could be established; this may be due to the small number of patients. Our study showed that preoperative CT level depended on the disease stage. Postoperative CT elimination rate is independent of preoperative CT level. Postoperative increase in the basal or stimulated CT level is an unfavorable prognostic factor, implying disease recurrence.
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Lipton, A., R. Cook, R. E. Coleman, et al. "Normalization of bone markers and improved survival during zoledronic acid therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 9013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9013.

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9013 Background: In patients (pts) with bone metastases, elevated N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) levels correlate with increased relative risks (RR) of skeletal-related events (SREs), disease progression, and death (Brown et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:59–69; Coleman et al. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4925–4935). Therefore, we conducted an exploratory analysis of 3 large, randomized, controlled trials to investigate whether reductions in NTX levels by treatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL) correspond with decreased risks of SREs and death. Methods: Urinary NTX was measured at baseline and at 3 months in pts with bone metastases from breast (BC; n = 379), prostate (PC; n = 314), or lung cancer and other solid tumors (LC/OST; n = 204) who received ZOL for up to 24 months. Pts were stratified by baseline NTX levels (normal, < 64 nmol/mmol creatinine; elevated, = 64 nmol/mmol creatinine). Results: Approximately 50% of pts had elevated baseline NTX, and NTX normalization occurred within 3 months of ZOL treatment in 81% of pts with BC or LC/OST and in 70% of PC pts. For all tumor types, NTX normalization in response to ZOL correlated with reduced risk of first SRE and death compared with pts whose NTX did not normalize ( Table ). Further analyses using NTX level as a continuous variable revealed that, for all tumor types, any reduction in NTX levels correlated with lower risk of first SRE and death regardless of baseline NTX level. Conclusions: Pts whose NTX normalized on ZOL at 3 months had a lower risk of first SRE and death compared with pts whose elevated baseline NTX did not normalize. Regardless of baseline NTX level, a reduction in NTX over 3 months (absolute and % change) provided a continuum of SRE risk reduction and survival benefit. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]
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Gde Agung Brahmana Suryanegara, Adiwijaya, and Mahendra Dwifebri Purbolaksono. "Peningkatan Hasil Klasifikasi pada Algoritma Random Forest untuk Deteksi Pasien Penderita Diabetes Menggunakan Metode Normalisasi." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 5, no. 1 (2021): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v5i1.2880.

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Diabetes is a disease caused by high blood sugar in the body or beyond normal limits. Diabetics in Indonesia have experienced a significant increase, Basic Health Research states that diabetics in Indonesia were 6.9% to 8.5% increased from 2013 to 2018 with an estimated number of sufferers more than 16 million people. Therefore, it is necessary to have a technology that can detect diabetes with good performance, accurate level of analysis, so that diabetes can be treated early to reduce the number of sufferers, disabilities, and deaths. The different scale values for each attribute in Gula Karya Medika’s data can complicate the classification process, for this reason the researcher uses two data normalization methods, namely min-max normalization, z-score normalization, and a method without data normalization with Random Forest (RF) as a classification method. Random Forest (RF) as a classification method has been tested in several previous studies. Moreover, this method is able to produce good performance with high accuracy. Based on the research results, the best accuracy is model 1 (Min-max normalization-RF) of 95.45%, followed by model 2 (Z-score normalization-RF) of 95%, and model 3 (without data normalization-RF) of 92%. From these results, it can be concluded that model 1 (Min-max normalization-RF) is better than the other two data normalization models and is able to increase the performance of classification Random Forest by 95.45%.
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Matthews, K. S., R. P. Rocconi, M. Kemper, et al. "Prediction of survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer based on the timing and rate of normalization of CA125 levels during primary chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 5585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5585.

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5585 Objective: CA125 is the tumor marker used to evaluate response to chemotherapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of this study was to determine if the timing of normalization or percent decrease in CA125 levels during primary chemotherapy could predict survival. Methods: Patients treated at our institution for EOC with primary taxane/platinum-based chemotherapy for 6 cycles between 1996 and 2005 were eligible. Patient demographics, chemotherapy administration, CA125 levels, and survival outcomes were abstracted. Progression-free- survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and platinum sensitivity (> 6 months from chemotherapy completion) were compared to CA125 levels during primary therapy. Baseline levels, change over time, and timing of CA125 normalization were calculated. Analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test, Chi-square test and Fischer’s exact test. Results: 269 patients with EOC were identified. When stratified by which cycle of chemotherapy achieved normalization, PFS ranged from 25 months at 1st cycle to 4 months at 6th cycle (p< 0.001). OS showed a similar benefit from 74 months at 1st cycle to 22 months at 6th cycle (p<0.001). Platinum sensitivity improved from 23% (normal CA125 after 6th cycle) to 72% (normal CA125 after 1st cycle) (p=0.003). Patients with normalization after the 3rd cycle or sooner compared to patients with normalization after the 4th cycle demonstrated improved PFS (19 vs. 6 months; p<0.001), OS (48 vs. 27 months; p=0.001) and platinum sensitivity (78 vs. 22%; p<0.001). Linear regression models of the slope of the decline of CA125 levels correlated with PFS (p=0.03); however, the models failed to predict an OS advantage. Conclusion: Earlier normalization of CA125 levels during primary chemotherapy for EOC predicts improvement in platinum sensitivity, PFS, and OS. This data provides prognostic information that may influence future decisions regarding chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Gupta, Preeti, Pooja Jain, and O.G. Kakde. "Accelerating deep network training for radar identification using batch normalization." Defence Science Journal 74, no. 6 (2024): 878–84. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.74.19475.

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Deep learning techniques have shown remarkable success in radar identification. However, deep neural network training can be time and resource intensive. Batch normalization is a popular approach for quickening deep feed-forward neural network training. The training of deep neural networks is accelerated by minimizing the internal covariate shift and stabilizing the training process by normalizing the intermediate activations within each mini-batch. In this research, the convergence behavior of networks with and without batch normalization is compared. Batch normalization standardizes the input to a layer for each mini-batch applied to either the activations of a prior layer or inputs directly. Our experiments indicate that batch normalization is effective in improving a variety of neural network properties. The results show that batch-normalized models have higher test and validation accuracies across all datasets, which we attribute to their regularizing impact and more steady gradient propagation. This research also examines the impact of several parameters, such as batch size, momentum, and beta and gamma parameters, on the effectiveness of DNNs with batch normalization. The radar dataset used for training is the fused emitter set obtained after feature level fusion of the tracks intercepted by ESM (Electronic Support) and ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) system.
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Wang, Xiao Fei. "Research about Application of Informatization Service on Tourism Economy Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1992–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1992.

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In the internet age, normalization has become an important means to optimize structure of tourism and improve level of tourism services. Tourism informatization service for tourists has achieved its initial success; it has provided convenience for tourists’ trip to book tourism online and publish destination information online. So, it is necessary to carry on discussion and research on the service’s current situation, characteristic and development trend of tourism informatization service for tourists. This article has analyzed main restraining factors of informatization service in tourism economy management, and proposed corresponding management countermeasures for existing problems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Normalization by research level"

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Wong, King-yu Natalie. "The effect of contextual cues on the perceptual normalization of Cantonese level tones." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36208097.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2001.<br>"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 4, 2001." Also available in print.
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Lenz, Lauren Holt. "Statistical Methods to Account for Gene-Level Covariates in Normalization of High-Dimensional Read-Count Data." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7392.

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The goal of genetic-based cancer research is often to identify which genes behave differently in cancerous and healthy tissue. This difference in behavior, referred to as differential expression, may lead researchers to more targeted preventative care and treatment. One way to measure the expression of genes is though a process called RNA-Seq, that takes physical tissue samples and maps gene products and fragments in the sample back to the gene that created it, resulting in a large read-count matrix with genes in the rows and a column for each sample. The read-counts for tumor and normal samples are then compared in a process called differential expression analysis. However, normalization of these read-counts is a necessary pre-processing step, in order to account for differences in the read-count values due to non-expression related variables. It is common in recent RNA-Seq normalization methods to also account for gene-level covariates, namely gene length in base pairs and GC-content, the proportion of bases in the gene that are Guanine and Cytosine. Here a colorectal cancer RNA-Seq read-count data set comprised of 30,220 genes and 378 samples is examined. Two of the normalization methods that account for gene length and GC-content, CQN and EDASeq, are extended to account for protein coding status as a third gene-level covariate. The binary nature of protein coding status results in unique computation issues. The results of using the normalized read counts from CQN, EDASeq, and four new normalization methods are used for differential expression analysis via the nonparametric Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test as well as the lme4 pipeline that produces per-gene models based on a negative binomial distribution. The resulting differential expression results are compared for two genes of interest in colorectal cancer, APC and CTNNB1, both of the WNT signaling pathway.
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Meneray, Jennifer. "Coming Out| When Micro Level Vulnerabilities lead to Macro Level Risk." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10822934.

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<p> Exploratory projects have the capability to emerge new ways of understanding data. Non-traditional perspectives, like the intersectional-vulnerability standpoint used in this project, enable researchers to step back and look at experiences differently. At the beginning of this paper, I relate my experience of coming out as lesbian to the experience of coming out as a child witness of abuse in order to set the standard of how I conceptualize coming out. Coming out was an experience that connects LGBTQ people across the spectrum allowing me to use that experience to bring LGBTQ identities together. Assumptions about the coming out experience in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity are challenged and a new theory emerges. Related to coming out, the experience of getting out of an abusive relationship reflects parallel perceptions around fear, risk, and vulnerability. It is by building the bridge between researcher and participants that I was able to challenge bias and create a new idea about the coming out/getting out process for LGBTQ survivors. </p><p>
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Nordén, Johan. "Assessment of methods for microRNA isolation, microRNA amplification, and development of a normalization strategy for sepsis biomarker research." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18442.

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Sepsis, defined by organ dysfunction caused by an adverse immune response of the host to an infection, comes with considerable cost in human lives and as a substantial burden financially. Significant upgrades have been made over the past two decades when diagnosing and treating sepsis but still with room for improvements. Early detection is a cornerstone in the fight against sepsis, and the focus on strengthening diagnostics is in the forefront of modern research. The implementation of biomarkers may be the path of progression in this objective. This study aimed at establishing procedural foundations when using microRNAs as potential biomarkers. The study conducted looked at: (1) Isolation procedure, of microRNA from human plasma, of three kits: Total RNA Purification Kit (Norgen Biotech), miRNAeasy Serum/Plasma Kit (Qiagen), and miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Advanced Kit (Qiagen). (2) Amplification of miRNA through two Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR methods: Two-tailed RT-qPCR (TATAA Biocenter), and miRCURY LNA miRNA PCR (Qiagen). (3) Developing a normalization strategy by identifying miRNA reference targets in a geNorm pilot experiment. Qubit analysis revealed that the two isolation kits from Qiagen performed similar, and better that the Norgen kit. The Two-tailed RT-qPCR failed to amplify miRNA samples, whereas the miRCURY LNA miRNA PCR showed consistent amplification across samples with a high call rate. The geNorm analysis concluded that hsa-miR-425-5p and hsa-miR-93-5p was the optimal reference target set. The study demonstrated that the isolation kits from Qiagen coupled with the miRCURY LNA miRNA PCR is a viable option for future miRNA biomarker studies.
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Kline, David. "Systematically Missing Subject-Level Data in Longitudinal Research Synthesis." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440067809.

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Doucette, Wendy C. "Developing a Comprehensive Suite of Graduate-Level Research Support." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5365.

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Graduate students are the largest-growing group at East Tennessee State University. While it is easy to assume that graduates have mastered the basics of searching and conducting research, this assumption is largely unfounded. Whether they did learn these skills as undergraduates or not, graduates are rarely prepared for the project management challenge of undertaking the biggest research assignment of their lives. Graduate students often have additional stressors not faced by undergraduates: established careers, families, and greater financial responsibilities. Conceived during Summer 2015 and rolled out as an ongoing series in Fall 2015, the Graduate Student Workshops offered by the Sherrod Library provide instruction in the following areas: scholarly research, papers, and publishing; comprehensive project management; academic searching; APA style; citation management; and establishing a professional identity. As the program coordinator, the Graduate Services Librarian will discuss the origination of the program, from its inception in ETSU’s Graduate Thesis and Dissertation Boot Camp to its growth as a full-fledged series. Creating new relationships, leveraging partnerships with other faculty and departments, and organizing and marketing these services are critical to program success. Scheduling, logistics, costs, and assessment will also be discussed. After the program and discussion, attendees should be able to: recognize the significant function librarians can provide to graduate student research support convey the value of formal, targeted intervention to graduate students and campus administrators create offerings to support their own graduate students
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Vashishtha, Saurabh. "Stochastic modeling of eukaryotic transcription at the single nucleotide level." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3190.

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DNA is the genetic material of a cell and is copied in the form of pre-mRNA through transcription in eukaryotes. RNA polymerase II is responsible for the transcription of all genes that express proteins. Transcription is a significant source of the stochasticity in gene expression. In this thesis, I discuss the development of a biochemically detailed model of eukaryotic transcription, which includes pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly, abortive initiation, promoter-proximal pausing and termination as the points that can be slow steps for transcription. The stochastic properties of this model are studied in detail by stochastic simulations with some preliminary mathematical analysis. The results of this model suggest that PIC assembly can play the most significant role in affecting the transcription dynamics. In addition, promoter-proximal pausing has been identified as a potential noise regulatory step in eukaryotic transcription. These results show excellent agreement with many experimental studies.<br>x, 107 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Tsironas, Polymenis. "Reshaping Stockholm, A macro level research of spatial relations and networks through a micro level study." Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127257.

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Savage, Shari L. "Lolita Myths and the Normalization of Eroticized Girls in Popular Visual Culture: The Object and the Researcher Talk Back." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1242768387.

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Stevens, Madeleine M. "Research Identity Among Master’s-Level Counseling Students: Exploring Research Competencies, Motivation, and Advisory Working Alliance." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1618505096365955.

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Books on the topic "Normalization by research level"

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van de Plassche, Orson, ed. Sea-Level Research. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4215-8.

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Shennan, Ian, Antony J. Long, and Benjamin P. Horton, eds. Handbook of Sea-Level Research. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118452547.

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E, Baert Andre, ed. AIDS research at EC level. IOS Press, 1995.

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Jones, Kelvyn. Multi-level models for geographical research. Order from Environmental Publications, University of East Anglia, 1991.

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Drake, Pat. Practitioner research at doctoral level: Developing coherent research methodologies. Routledge, 2011.

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Chen, Mengyu. Ultralow level. Laurentian University, 1994.

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O'Donnell, E. Low-level radioactive waste research program plan. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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O'Donnell, E. Low-level radioactive waste research program plan. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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Leavy, Brian. Innovation - the case for multi-level research. Dublin City University Business School, 1997.

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O'Donnell, E. Low-level radioactive waste research program plan. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Normalization by research level"

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Toepfer, Regina. "Early Modern Translation Research from an Intersectional Perspective: A Résumé." In Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-69469-5_15.

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Abstract In her résumé the author evaluates the productivity of an intersectional approach for comparative translation research. She maintains that intersectionality theory has itself become an object of cultural translation and, in the context of historical research, created a new analytical sensitivity to how translation processes can bring about shifts in power balances and identity constructs. Her contribution identifies gender as a primary intersectional category, distinguishes between different levels of intersectional translation analysis, and outlines important marginalization strategies used in translation. These include domestication and elimination, masculinization and femininization, normalization and sexualization, perversion and racialization. Overall, the author comes to a positive conclusion about the usefulness of intersectional translation analysis for the study of Early Modern translation cultures and suggests that it can also be applied to other historical periods.
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Anderson, Greg W. "Normalization of the Hyperadelic Gamma Function." In Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9649-9_1.

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Mukhametzyanov, Irik Z. "Non-linear Multivariate Normalization Methods." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33837-3_9.

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Mukhametzyanov, Irik Z. "Normalization and MCDM Rank Model." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33837-3_3.

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Mukhametzyanov, Irik Z. "Linear Methods for Multivariate Normalization." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33837-3_4.

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Firkus, Dennis. "Research Agenda: On Organized Brutalities." In On the Normalization of Organized Brutalities. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41515-0_2.

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Minhat, Fatin Izzati, Nur Hidayah Roseli, Muhammad Hafeez Jeofry, and Muhammad Noah Irfan Azran. "Sea Level Rise." In Coastal Research Library. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75749-5_3.

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Van De Plassche, O. "Introduction." In Sea-Level Research. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4215-8_1.

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Laborel, J. "Vermetid gastropods as sea-level indicators." In Sea-Level Research. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4215-8_10.

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Coudray, J., and L. Montaggioni. "The diagenetic products of marine carbonates as sea-level indicators." In Sea-Level Research. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4215-8_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Normalization by research level"

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Onuoha, C., S. McDonnell, E. Pozniak, V. Shankar, and S. Oszust. "Coating Anomaly Detection with Integrated Indirect Inspection Tools." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12810.

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Abstract Assessment of the external coating condition of underground pipelines depends on the use of approved external corrosion direct assessment (ECDA) indirect inspection techniques such as alternating current voltage gradient (ACVG), alternating current attenuation (ACCA) and direct current voltage gradient (DCVG). The efficient application of these techniques (especially ACVG and DCVG) to ensure the optimal detection and prioritization of coating anomalies largely depends on a myriad of factors including depth of cover, probe spacing, current level and soil resistivity. Research and industry experience have shown that the normalization of key factors, such as current level, probe spacing, and depth of cover, lead to the accurate detection and prioritization of coating anomalies for ECDA and coating assessment projects. However, there have been scenarios in which known coating faults have not been detected with DCVG and ACVG, even when key factors were considered during the indirect inspection. This paper will present case studies that demonstrate instances in which the optimization of coating anomaly detection and prioritization methodologies led to the successful execution of ECDA projects and prevented unnecessary pipe bell-hole excavations. In addition, lessons learned from scenarios in which known coating faults were not detected by voltage gradient surveys are presented.
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Berkowitz, Jacob, Apoorva Srinivasan, Jose Cortina, and Nicholas Tatonetti1. "TLab at #SMM4H 2024: Retrieval-Augmented Generation for ADE Extraction and Normalization." In Proceedings of The 9th Social Media Mining for Health Research and Applications (SMM4H 2024) Workshop and Shared Tasks. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.smm4h-1.36.

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Graham, Norma, and Anne Sutter. "Intensive nonlinearities in perceived texture segregation." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.thmm3.

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Much about the perceived segregation of regions containing different textures can be explained by simple channels (linear, first-order, Fourier processes), but nonlinear processes are also needed. In addition to complex channels, an intensive nonlinearity—one dramatically compressing responses at contrasts well below 25%—is necessary to explain results of varying the sign and amount of contrast in multiple-element textures (Graham, Beck, and Sutter, 1992, Vision Research). This intensive nonlinearity might arise either from an early local nonlinearity preceding the channels or from normalization (perhaps due to intracortical inhibition) among the channels themselves. To decide between these two candidate intensive nonlinearities, we tried several approaches, including variation of the patterns' overall spatial characteristics and careful comparison of effects at different contrast levels in the two element types of a single pattern. Although deciding between the candidates has been more difficult than we had hoped, the weight of the evidence suggests that normalization at the level of the channels, rather than a local nonlinearity preceding the channels, causes the compressive effects in perceived texture segregation.
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Hochman, Alissa, Kristy Straub, Nancy Chase, et al. "Challenges to Implementing Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for Substance Use in Primary Care Settings at Rowan-Virtua." In 27th Annual Rowan-Virtua Research Day. Rowan University Libraries, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.132_2023.

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Background and Purpose: Implementing the SBIRT model for substance use in a primary care setting has many benefits including normalizing conversations about alcohol and other substance use into patients’ visits, thereby reducing harm, reducing consumption and its negative impact, and promoting system changes to overcome barriers to treatment access. The full scope of the current SBIRT project involves the recruitment, hiring, training, and integration of health educators in 9 primary care sites throughout South Jersey, as well as a project supervisor serving as implementation lead and liaison to medical and administrative staff at all 9 primary care sites. Initial barriers to implementation within sites included challenges regarding work-flow between providers, CMA’s, and health educators (integration-of-care challenges between allied health professionals from varying disciplines); and variations in administrative processes across 9 different primary care settings serving diverse patient demographics. Challenges to implementation with personnel included unexpected loss of key project personnel and changeover in project leadership. Additionally, legalization of medical and recreational cannabis in the state of New Jersey has made implementation of the grant (as written) challenging, as cannabis remains a Schedule 1 substance at the federal level and is included in the writing of this federally funded grant as an illicit substance. Due to Covid, a decrease of in-person visits in primary care settings as well as the normalization of telehealth visits have challenged the Health Educators’ ability to see potential pre-screen-positive patients. This lower volume of in-person patients has also subsequently resulted in more efficient processing of patient visits, affording less time to incorporate health education and brief intervention within each patient visit. There is a distinct need to develop a protocol for intervention with telehealth patients who screen positive for SBIRT services. Strategies for addressing these challenges, future directions of the project, and lessons learned will also be presented.
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Chiao, Carolina, Lucinéia Heloisa Thom, Cirano Iochpe, and Manfred Reichert. "Verifying Existence and Composition of Workflow Activity Patterns in Real Process Models." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2008.5926.

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In this paper we present a collection of high level workflow activity patterns based on the semantic of specific business functions (e.g., notification, task execution request, approval). In particular we discuss three pattern samples (approval, unidirectional and decision patterns). Moreover we gather the results of an analysis of their adoption on a wide set of real process models. The analyses showed that the patterns are not only enough but also necessary to model all the 190 process models which were subject of the investigation. We also show and discuss specific sequences or combination ofactivity patterns which were more often in the process models analyzed. In larger research we apply these patterns as well as the analyses results in the development of a suite for process modeling and normalization.
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PAULIUKEVIČIENĖ, Gintarė, and Jelena STANKEVIČIENĖ. "ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ON FINTECH DEVELOPMENT." In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.590.

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Purpose – to propose an assessment tool of the environment of FinTech sector. Research methodology – systematic analysis of scientific literature has been carried out to form a methodology for FinTech sector environment assessment, which consists of quantitative methods used for the empirical research of the study as follows: PEST analysis, expert evaluation, determination of indicators’ values, normalization of data, multi-criteria assessment (the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method). Findings – the practical application of the developed assessment tool is verified by completing an empirical study on the example of the leading FinTech countries as well as the Baltic States. Recommendations for further Lithuanian FinTech sector development are provided. Research limitations – research is based on an assessment of the significance of external environmental indicators of FinTech sector development on a country level. Due to the large number of indicators and countries, only a fraction of factors and countries were selected for research. Therefore, the object of the research requires a more detailed study in the future. Practical implications – the development of FinTech sector has been growing dramatically in the recent years on a global scale, with some countries leading the way due to a more favourable environment. The results show that the proposed assessment tool for the development of the FinTech sector can be used by policymakers in different countries to identify the external environmental factors to improve in order to create better conditions for the development of the FinTech sector. Originality/Value – a new methodology and tool for FinTech environment assessment is developed by the authors as a contribution to the formation of better environment for FinTech sector development. The developed tool provides an opportunity to study the strong and weak sides of the environment development of the FinTech sector, to compare the good practices of other countries and to get ideas for changes in order to create a more favourable environment for the FinTech development on a country level.
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Pantelić, Dušan, and Jovan Tanasković. "Analysis and optimization of maintenance operations EMU "Flirt 413"." In Proceeding of scientific-expert Conference on Railway Railcon '24. University of Niš - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Niš, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/railcon24157p.

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The task of the master's thesis is the analysis of maintenance operations, such as the time required for the realization of regular inspections and extraordinary repairs. Analysis and normalization of operations aims to increase productivity in the maintenance process, which enables insight into deviations in the time required to perform some operations. Also, one of the tasks is to examine and consider the possibility of optimizing the maintenance process for certain activities, which have significant deviations compared to the times prescribed by the manufacturer. The collection of necessary data for the subject analysis shall be carried out by surveying respondents, employees of the company "SrbijaVoz a.d." and by directly measuring the time required for the implementation of certain operations, as well as detailed information regarding repairs. By analysis the measured times, from current cases, available resources and personnel, it could be concluded that some of simpler operations can be done in a shorter time, while some complex ones require more time. Further research in this area and the application of new maintenance technologies should contribute to the optimization of the maintenance process and the reduction of maintenance costs, while maintaining the required level of reliability and availability.
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Jia, Songhao, Ding-Jie Chen, and Hwann-Tzong Chen. "Instance-Level Meta Normalization." In 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2019.00500.

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Wu, Ning, Yaobo Liang, Houxing Ren, et al. "Unsupervised Context Aware Sentence Representation Pretraining for Multi-lingual Dense Retrieval." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/612.

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Recent research demonstrates the effectiveness of using pretrained language models (PLM) to improve dense retrieval and multilingual dense retrieval. In this work, we present a simple but effective monolingual pretraining task called contrastive context prediction (CCP) to learn sentence representation by modeling sentence level contextual relation. By pushing the embedding of sentences in a local context closer and pushing random negative samples away, different languages could form isomorphic structure, then sentence pairs in two different languages will be automatically aligned. Our experiments show that model collapse and information leakage are very easy to happen during contrastive training of language model, but language-specific memory bank and asymmetric batch normalization operation play an essential role in preventing collapsing and information leakage, respectively. Besides, a post-processing for sentence embedding is also very effective to achieve better retrieval performance. On the multilingual sentence retrieval task Tatoeba, our model achieves new SOTA results among methods without using bilingual data. Our model also shows larger gain on Tatoeba when transferring between non-English pairs. On two multi-lingual query-passage retrieval tasks, XOR Retrieve and Mr.TYDI, our model even achieves two SOTA results in both zero-shot and supervised setting among all pretraining models using bilingual data.
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Wedler, M., D. Stoffel, and W. Kunz. "Normalization at the arithmetic bit level." In 2005 42nd Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dac.2005.193852.

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Reports on the topic "Normalization by research level"

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Tayeb, Shahab. Taming the Data in the Internet of Vehicles. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2014.

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As an emerging field, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has a myriad of security vulnerabilities that must be addressed to protect system integrity. To stay ahead of novel attacks, cybersecurity professionals are developing new software and systems using machine learning techniques. Neural network architectures improve such systems, including Intrusion Detection System (IDSs), by implementing anomaly detection, which differentiates benign data packets from malicious ones. For an IDS to best predict anomalies, the model is trained on data that is typically pre-processed through normalization and feature selection/reduction. These pre-processing techniques play an important role in training a neural network to optimize its performance. This research studies the impact of applying normalization techniques as a pre-processing step to learning, as used by the IDSs. The impacts of pre-processing techniques play an important role in training neural networks to optimize its performance. This report proposes a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model with two hidden layers for IDS architecture and compares two commonly used normalization pre-processing techniques. Our findings are evaluated using accuracy, Area Under Curve (AUC), Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC), F-1 Score, and loss. The experimentations demonstrate that Z-Score outperforms no-normalization and the use of Min-Max normalization.
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Melin, Göran. Evaluation of the Top-level Research Initiative. Fteval - Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2019.323.

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Rode, Anna Le Gerstrøm, and Per Svejvig. Project Half Double: High Level Research Findings. Aarhus University Library, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.314.209.

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O'Donnell, E., and J. Lambert. Low-level radioactive waste research program plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5280901.

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Chou, Fu-Mao. An Algorithm-Level Test Bed for Level-One Data Fusion Research (CASE-ATTI). Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387790.

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Wyant, F. J., W. H. Buckalew, J. Chenion, et al. US/French Joint Research Program regarding the behavior of polymer base materials subjected to beta radiation. Volume 1. Phase-1 normalization results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5631970.

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Peeler, David K., John D. Vienna, Michael J. Schweiger, and Kevin M. Fox. Advanced High-Level Waste Glass Research and Development Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253884.

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Woskov, Paul P. Millimeter-Wave High Level and Low Activity Waste Glass Research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893353.

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Author, Not Given. Accelerating High-Level Waste Glass Corrosion Research with Big Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1469277.

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Munk, Jeffrey D., Christopher K. Halford, and Roderick K. Jackson. Component and System Level Research of Variable Capacity Heat Pumps. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1092255.

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