To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Normalized capacity.
Journal articles on the topic 'Normalized capacity'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Normalized capacity.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
KEEVASH, PETER, and EOIN LONG. "On the Normalized Shannon Capacity of a Union." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 25, no. 5 (2016): 766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548316000055.
Full textAbstract:
Let G1 × G2 denote the strong product of graphs G1 and G2, that is, the graph on V(G1) × V(G2) in which (u1, u2) and (v1, v2) are adjacent if for each i = 1, 2 we have ui = vi or uivi ∈ E(Gi). The Shannon capacity of G is c(G) = limn → ∞ α(Gn)1/n, where Gn denotes the n-fold strong power of G, and α(H) denotes the independence number of a graph H. The normalized Shannon capacity of G is $$C(G) = \ffrac {\log c(G)}{\log |V(G)|}.$$ Alon [1] asked whether for every ε < 0 there are graphs G and G′ satisfying C(G), C(G′) < ε but with C(G + G′) > 1 − ε. We show that the answer is no.
2
Kim, Ho Jae, Soon-Young Kwon, JaeHwui Bae, Namho Hur, and Hyoung-Nam Kim. "Analysis on Fairness and Efficiency of the 3-PLP LDM System Using a Normalized Channel Capacity." Electronics 12, no. 21 (2023): 4465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214465.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents a novel approach to investigate efficient resource allocation in the layered division multiplexing (LDM) system, a key technology in next-generation broadcasting systems. The LDM system provides diverse services, resulting in different channel capacities for each service, unlike the conventional non-orthogonal multiple access scheme that aims for equal channel capacity among users. To achieve efficient resource allocation among services, we proposed a new method that normalizes the channel capacities allocated to different services while maintaining high fairness. Our proposed method involves normalizing the channel capacities of each service and finding the point where the sum of normalized channel capacities is maximized. This point can be obtained using the Lagrange multiplier method, ensuring a high normalized fairness index. Through simulations, we confirmed that the proposed approach maintains high fairness in the LDM system and achieves the highest normalized channel capacities compared to other transmission techniques. These findings provide valuable insights into resource allocation strategies for the LDM system, enabling a fair comparison of efficiency and performance within a multi-service environment.
3
Matthews, A., L. Russell, and C. Carpinella. "Weather-normalized intermediate term capacity forecasting: a procedural innovation." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 3, no. 3 (1988): 1291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.14594.
Full text
4
Dubinin, Vladimir Nikolaevich. "Variational formulae for conformal capacity." Sbornik: Mathematics 215, no. 1 (2024): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4213/sm9915e.
Full textAbstract:
Analogues of Hadamard's classical variational formula are presented for the Dirichlet integral of a normalized harmonic function under deformations of its domain of definition. Variational formulae for quadratic forms with coefficients depending on the inner radii, Robin radii, Green's functions and Robin functions of the domains under consideration are also presented. Bibliography: 17 titles.
5
Kurniawaty, Dahliana. "Study of Drainage Channel Capacity in Tebalo, Gresik District." Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education 2, no. 2 (2020): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.asci2258.
Full textAbstract:
The growth of Gresik City is shown by the development of various infrastructures such as settlements, highways, and others. Along with the growth of Gresik City area, an increase in flood inundation due to increasingly dense settlements, decrease of vacant land as an infiltration area in Tebalo Village. Flooding is caused due to lack of development of drainage systems in the area of Tebalo Village.
 To normalize Tebalo drainage channel, good planning must be prepared for Tebalo drainage channel system including planning the layout of the channel system, calculating the designed flood discharge for each channel, hydraulics analysis for flood flow conditions and also along high sea water tide conditions, and finally designing the dimensions of the channel. After the channel is normalized, it is expected that the flow would be much smoother so that no flooding occurs.
6
Choi, Sanghun, Eric A. Hoffman, Sally E. Wenzel, et al. "Quantitative assessment of multiscale structural and functional alterations in asthmatic populations." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 10 (2015): 1286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01094.2014.
Full textAbstract:
Relationships between structural and functional variables in asthmatic lungs at local and global (or lobar) levels remain to be discovered. This study aims to investigate local alterations of structural variables [bifurcation angle, circularity, airway wall thickness (WT), and hydraulic diameter ( Dh)] in asthmatic subjects, and their correlations with other imaging and pulmonary function test-based global and lobar metrics, including lung shape, air-trapping, regional volume change, and more. Sixty-one healthy subjects, and 67 nonsevere and 67 severe asthmatic subjects were studied. The structural variables were derived from computed tomography images at total lung capacity (TLC). Air-trapping was measured at functional residual capacity, and regional volume change (derived from image registration) was measured between functional residual capacity and TLC. The tracheal diameter and WT predicted by 61 healthy subjects were used to normalize the Dh and WT. New normalization schemes allowed for the dissociation of luminal narrowing and wall thickening effects. In severe asthmatic subjects, the alteration of bifurcation angle was found to be correlated with a global lung shape at TLC, and circularity was significantly decreased in the right main bronchus. While normalized WT increased especially in the upper lobes of severe asthmatic subjects, normalized Dh decreased in the lower lobes. Among local structural variables, normalized Dh was the most representative variable, because it was significantly correlated with alterations of functional variables, including pulmonary function test's data. In conclusion, understanding multiscale phenomena may help to provide guidance in the search for potential imaging-based phenotypes for the development and outcomes assessment of therapeutic intervention.
7
Heier, Tom, James E. Caldwell, John R. Feiner, Luke Liu, Theresa Ward, and Peter M. C. Wright. "Relationship between Normalized Adductor Pollicis Train-of-four Ratio and Manifestations of Residual Neuromuscular Block." Anesthesiology 113, no. 4 (2010): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.ob013e3181ebddca.
Full textAbstract:
Background Baseline acceleromyographic adductor pollicis train-of-four (TOF) ratio varies significantly between individuals and is often greater than unity. Thus, normalization of acceleromyography data is necessary. The relationship between normalized acceleromyographic TOF ratio, lung volumes, and clinical signs of residual neuromuscular block was studied. Methods In 12 healthy volunteers, three steady-state levels of neuromuscular block were achieved with mivacurium infusions. TOF ratio was measured acceleromyographically at the adductor pollicis using a preload. Lung volume measurements and a series of clinical tests were made at each stable block and reconciled to the normalized TOF measures. Results None experienced airway obstruction or arterial oxygen desaturation, even at normalized TOF ratio less than 0.4. Functional residual capacity remained unchanged whereas vital capacity decreased linearly with decreasing TOF ratio. The ability to protrude the tongue was preserved at all times. The ability to clench the teeth was lost in one volunteer at normalized TOF ratio of 0.84 but retained in four at normalized TOF ratio less than 0.4. Four volunteers lost the ability both to raise the head more than 5 s and to swallow, with the most sensitive individual demonstrating these effects at normalized TOF ratio of 0.60. At mean normalized TOF ratio of 0.42, the mean handgrip strength was approximately 20% of baseline value. Conclusion Lung vital capacity decreased linearly with decreasing TOF ratio. Responses to clinical tests of muscle function varied to a large extent among individuals at comparable TOF ratios. None of the volunteers had significant clinical effects of neuromuscular block at normalized acceleromyographic TOF ratio greater than 0.90.
8
Suga, Tadashi, Shintaro Kinugawa, Shingo Takada, et al. "Combination of Exercise Training and Diet Restriction Normalizes Limited Exercise Capacity and Impaired Skeletal Muscle Function in Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice." Endocrinology 155, no. 1 (2014): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1382.
Full textAbstract:
Exercise training (EX) and diet restriction (DR) are essential for effective management of obesity and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus. However, whether these interventions ameliorate the limited exercise capacity and impaired skeletal muscle function in diabetes patients remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effects of EX and/or DR on exercise capacity and skeletal muscle function in diet-induced diabetic mice. Male C57BL/6J mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks were randomly assigned for an additional 4 weeks to 4 groups: control, EX, DR, and EX+DR. A lean group fed with a normal diet was also studied. Obesity and insulin resistance induced by a HFD were significantly but partially improved by EX or DR and completely reversed by EX+DR. Although exercise capacity decreased significantly with HFD compared with normal diet, it partially improved with EX and DR and completely reversed with EX+DR. In parallel, the impaired mitochondrial function and enhanced oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle caused by the HFD were normalized only by EX+DR. Although obesity and insulin resistance were completely reversed by DR with an insulin-sensitizing drug or a long-term intervention, the exercise capacity and skeletal muscle function could not be normalized. Therefore, improvement in impaired skeletal muscle function, rather than obesity and insulin resistance, may be an important therapeutic target for normalization of the limited exercise capacity in diabetes. In conclusion, a comprehensive lifestyle therapy of exercise and diet normalizes the limited exercise capacity and impaired muscle function in diabetes mellitus.
9
Li, Hui-jun, and Yoshiya Taniguchi. "Effect of joint stiffness and size on stability of three-way single-layer cylindrical reticular shell." International Journal of Space Structures 35, no. 3 (2020): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956059920931019.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of the present article is to study the effect of joint stiffness and joint size on load-carrying capacity of single-layer cylindrical reticular shell. One normalized joint bending stiffness index κb and three proposed normalized indexes, that is, normalized joint axial stiffness κa, normalized joint shear stiffness κs, and normalized joint torsional stiffness κt, are used to evaluate the stiffness of joint. Through a large number of numerical computations, the main conclusions are summarized as follows: κb has a significant effect on limit load of reticular shell, and this effect has a close relationship to rise-to-span ratio of reticular shell. If κb is larger than 30, the joint can be treated as rigid joint. The relationship between the logarithm of κb and limit load of reticular shell can be expressed by the logistic formulation. Overall rigidity and load-carrying capacity of reticular shell are greatly influenced by joint axial stiffness. If κa is larger than 30, the effect of joint axial stiffness on load-carrying capacity of reticular shell is no longer obvious. Otherwise, the load-carrying capacity will be markedly reduced. The relation between the logarithm of κa and limit load of reticular shell can be fitted by the Dose–response formulation. The load-carrying capacity of reticular shell is also influenced by joint torsional stiffness and joint shear stiffness to some extent. The relation between the logarithm of κs and limit load can be fitted by the Asymptotic formulation. The effect of joint size on overall rigidity and limit load of reticular shell is evident and cannot be neglected. The limit load gradually decreases with the decrease in joint size, and there is an approximate linear relationship between limit load and joint size.
10
Xiao, Junrong, De Zhou, Hong Liao, and Jianqun Zhu. "Modified Pseudo-Dynamic Bearing Capacity of Shallow Strip Foundation near Slope on Non-Uniform Soil." Applied Sciences 15, no. 8 (2025): 4365. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084365.
Full textAbstract:
In engineering practice, many foundations are forced to be placed on slopes, whose stability is deeply affected by seismic force. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the seismic bearing capacity of strip foundations close to slopes is a crucial guide for engineering. Herein, an analytical procedure considering pseudo-dynamic influence is proposed, which offers a new assessment framework for seismic bearing capacity of strip foundations close to slopes on non-uniform soils. Considering the temporal and spatial characteristics of earthquake action, the seismic bearing capacity of foundations at different normalized frequencies is obtained, and depth profiles of seismic acceleration coefficients at different normalized frequencies are presented. The consistency between this paper’s computational results and the published literature substantiates the dependability of the proposed analytical procedure. The sensitivity analyses are carried out for horizontal seismic coefficients, normalized frequencies, damping ratios, internal friction angles, slope angles, cohesion, and non-uniform coefficients, and the results are presented for practice reference in engineering.
11
Yunianto, Dika Rizky, Yudistira Eka Putra, and Cahya Rahmad. "Comparison of Relational Database Modeling Performance based on Number of Normalized Entities." SMARTICS Journal 9, no. 1 (2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/smartics.v9i1.8390.
Full textAbstract:
The database is the most important part of the development of a software. Management of data storage in the database is very important because the amount of data stored is increasing and varied. Thus requiring increased storage capacity and increased processing time. One form of database used in software is a relational database. Relational database modeling to reduce storage capacity can be circumvented by normalizing the database. From the experimental results, database normalization has an effect on the number of entities. So that the storage capacity and processing time in data processing are also affected by the normalization of the database. The more the number of entities will cause the more time needed in data processing.
12
Shao, Junhua, Qiang Li, and Junmei Tan. "Study of Channel Capacity Optimization of Discrete Channel Based on Normalized Tangent Function." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (October 4, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8953833.
Full textAbstract:
Channel capacity is the rate limit of information transmission; many researchers strive to find the maximum channel transmission rate while balancing the performance of the whole communication system and making it close to the channel capacity. We know in the discrete channel that, when the BER of the system is small enough, the transmission rate of the channel will be extremely close to the channel capacity. According to Shannon theory, the common way to increase the channel capacity is to increase the system bandwidth and the input signal power. However, the bandwidth resources are extremely limited, so it is impractical to expand the system bandwidth, and at the same time, increasing the input signal power is impractical as well, because it will reduce the economy of the communication system. In this paper, we proposed a normalized tangent function (NorTF) which can optimize the discrete channel probability distribution, reduce the BER of the channel, and improve the channel capacity of the discrete channel, which need not expand bandwidth and increase the signal input power of the system. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification of this method, we found that the channel capacity of the improved system was indeed much higher than that of the preimproved system, so the method proposed in this paper has some theoretical guiding significance and is feasible.
13
Proost, Antje, and Griet Robberechts. "Coaching Leadership in Small Scale Normalized Living." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23421.
Full textAbstract:
Our human resources policy not only seeks to anticipate current developments but also wishes to play a pioneering role. This starts with a strong vision in which employees are partners in the organization of care and not mere suppliers of care. Where giving and taking responsibility, open communication and autonomy in connection are realized (and not hollow concepts). This also means that we are a flat organization where there are few or no hierarchical structures. The demand from employees for more collaboration, a different model of leadership, the convergence of responsibilities and authority was a clear message for us to tackle the organization thoroughly. A good organization is crucial for a company to function well. This includes having competent employees, sufficient finances and adequate equipment.
 Innovative labor organization
 According to the IAO (Innovative Labor Organization) method, we want to examine in each of the four residential care centers how we can come to a team that has sufficient regulatory capacity to
 
 work autonomously with responsible employees;
 ensure the quality care that we use in our vision;
 have sufficient manageability and flexibility for this;
 create more innovative capacity;
 with sufficient participation;
 in mutual cooperation.
 
 Step by step we discovered that the IAO fits seamlessly with the operating principles of Small Scale Normalized Living. From our strong belief in the power of the capacities and competencies of employees and the continuous will to invest in employees, the step to this new organizational model is a logical next step. An obvious choice that also led to confrontations: how do we distribute tasks and responsibilities in the organization today? Do we really give employees the necessary autonomy that they need? Do we let employees shine sufficiently in all their potential? Do we involve them in those processes in which they need to be involved? Which sub-processes run centrally or decentralized?
 With a critical eye and the constant desire to improve, we laid the foundation for the care model of the future.
14
Altenburg, Teatske M., Cornelis J. de Ruiter, Peter W. L. Verdijk, Willem van Mechelen, and Arnold de Haan. "Vastus lateralis surface and single motor unit EMG following submaximal shortening and lengthening contractions." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 6 (2008): 1086–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-092.
Full textAbstract:
A single shortening contraction reduces the force capacity of muscle fibers, whereas force capacity is enhanced following lengthening. However, how motor unit recruitment and discharge rate (muscle activation) are adapted to such changes in force capacity during submaximal contractions remains unknown. Additionally, there is limited evidence for force enhancement in larger muscles. We therefore investigated lengthening- and shortening-induced changes in activation of the knee extensors. We hypothesized that when the same submaximal torque had to be generated following shortening, muscle activation had to be increased, whereas a lower activation would suffice to produce the same torque following lengthening. Muscle activation following shortening and lengthening (20° at 10°/s) was determined using rectified surface electromyography (rsEMG) in a 1st session (at 10% and 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) and additionally with EMG of 42 vastus lateralis motor units recorded in a 2nd session (at 4%–47%MVC). rsEMG and motor unit discharge rates following shortening and lengthening were normalized to isometric reference contractions. As expected, normalized rsEMG (1.15 ± 0.19) and discharge rate (1.11 ± 0.09) were higher following shortening (p < 0.05). Following lengthening, normalized rsEMG (0.91 ± 0.10) was, as expected, lower than 1.0 (p < 0.05), but normalized discharge rate (0.99 ± 0.08) was not (p > 0.05). Thus, muscle activation was increased to compensate for a reduced force capacity following shortening by increasing the discharge rate of the active motor units (rate coding). In contrast, following lengthening, rsEMG decreased while the discharge rates of active motor units remained similar, suggesting that derecruitment of units might have occurred.
15
Kim, Taeyoung, and Jinho Kim. "A Regional Day-Ahead Rooftop Photovoltaic Generation Forecasting Model Considering Unauthorized Photovoltaic Installation." Energies 14, no. 14 (2021): 4256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144256.
Full textAbstract:
Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems are usually behind the meter and invisible to utilities and retailers and, thus, their power generation is not monitored. If a number of rooftop PV systems are installed, it transforms the net load pattern in power systems. Moreover, not only generation but also PV capacity information is invisible due to unauthorized PV installations, causing inaccuracies in regional PV generation forecasting. This study proposes a regional rooftop PV generation forecasting methodology by adding unauthorized PV capacity estimation. PV capacity estimation consists of two steps: detection of unauthorized PV generation and estimation capacity of detected PV. Finally, regional rooftop PV generation is predicted by considering unauthorized PV capacity through the support vector regression (SVR) and upscaling method. The results from a case study show that compared with estimation without unauthorized PV capacity, the proposed methodology reduces the normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) by 5.41% and the normalized mean absolute error (nMAE) by 2.95%, It can be concluded that regional rooftop PV generation forecasting accuracy is improved.
16
Tarwireyi, Paul, Alfredo Terzoliy, and Matthew O. Adigun. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DETECTION CAPACITY OF NORMALIZED GAMMACHIRP CEPSTRAL COEFFICIENTS IN ANDROID MALWARE." Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 13, no. 6 (2022): 1809–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/indjcse/2022/v13i6/221306102.
Full text
17
Huddleston, William, Donald Dornbusch, Alexis Maurel, et al. "Doping of Sodium-Ion Cathodes for in-Situ Resource Utilization on the Moon and Mars." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 10 (2024): 5072. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02105072mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
On-demand in-space and on-surface manufacturing of batteries is sought to deliver energy storage devices needed for sustained human presence on the Moon and Mars. In-situ resource utilization (ISRU) is a disruptive approach that reduces the dependence on launch payload weight and volume by utilizing the local available resources to maximize long-term sustainability of exploration where resupply may be infeasible or costly. In this study, candidate sodium-ion cathode compositions were designed within the elemental abundance limitations of the Moon and Mars, which support sodium-ion chemistry over lithium-ion due to the low abundance of lithium in regolith. Compositions were assessed for theoretical yield normalized capacity [mAh/kgfeedstock], which revealed that poly-anion type sodium-ion cathodes, which use elements such as P, V, Ni, and Co, are infeasible to attain from ISRU manufacturing. Manganese containing layered and tunnel-type cathode compositions and processing conditions were studied to explore the balance between specific energy density and cycling performance with elemental abundance, specifically searching for replacement of manganese. Study of tunnel-type cathodes found that a critical manganese content was required to stabilize the orthorhombic tunnel type structure with Pbam symmetry (Na0.44MnO2 type) over the NaTiFeO4 type Pnma symmetry, which showed degraded electrochemical performance. Tunnel-type cathodes exhibit higher theoretical yield at the expense of specific capacity and yield normalized capacity. Calculated differences in elemental abundance between the Moon and Mars revealed that compositions containing Ti are better suited for lunar ISRU due to the lower Ti abundance on Mars. Layered-type cathodes exhibit the highest specific capacity and yield normalized capacity, but require improvement in capacity retention. Modification of layered-type Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 with the ISRU abundant dopants Al3+, Ti4+, and Mg2+ delivered phase pure Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.44Al0.03Ti0.015Mg0.015O2 (NMFATM) after calcination. Modification with dopants significantly improved the specific capacity and capacity retention compared to the undoped material.
18
Filep, Tibor. "Characterization of the Nutrient Buffer Capacity of K, Ca, Mg in Two Hungarian Soils." Agrokémia és Talajtan 51, no. 1-2 (2002): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.51.2002.1-2.9.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in the K, Ca and Mg contents of the soil solution were examined during the growing period to characterize the nutrient buffer capacity of sandy and clay loam soils in pot experiments set up with Italian ryegrass as indicator plant. K, Ca and Mg concentrations in the soil solution decreased during the growth due to the nutrient uptake by plants. The normalized values of decrease (expressing the change in the concentration of the given element during unit time) were close to each other for Ca and Mg, while there was a significant difference between the sandy and clay loam soil in the case of K (0.65 and 0.11, respectively). We assumed that the normalized value was inversely proportional to the nutrient buffer capacity of soils. For the comparison of experiments conducted under different conditions the UPI (uptake index) values were introduced. The UPI value shows to what extent the amount of the given ion calculated from concentration decrease in the soil solution accounts for the amount of element taken up by the plant. The amount of K depleted from the soil solution was 19% of the K amount taken up on the sandy soil, while on the clay loam this value was only 0.8%. Because the UPI values from experiments under different environments are comparable, they characterized the nutrient buffer capacity of soils better than the normalized values of decrease.
19
Chojnicki, B. H. "Spectral estimation of wetland carbon dioxide exchange." International Agrophysics 27, no. 1 (2013): 1–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0061-3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The simultaneous measurements of broadband normalized difference vegetation index and net ecosystem production were carried out at Rzecin wetland in 2009. Additionally, carbon fluxes, ecosystem respiration and gross ecosystem production were estimated on the basis of measured net ecosystem production values. The maximum broadband normalized difference vegetation index value (0.73) was measured on the 6th of July. The minimum broadband normalized difference vegetation index value measured before and after the vegetation period was 0.40. The annual dynamics of carbon fluxes and broadband normalized difference vegetation index runs were different from each other. During the second half of vegetation period greenness of plants decreases more slowly than plants carbon dioxide uptake capacity. These differences are likely to be determined by plants aging. The results presented in this paper show potential applicability of broadband normalized difference vegetation index for the estimation of carbon dioxide exchange in wetlands.
20
Kumar, Divesh Ranjan, Pijush Samui, Warit Wipulanusat, Suraparb Keawsawasvong, Kongtawan Sangjinda, and Wittaya Jitchaijaroen. "Soft-Computing Techniques for Predicting Seismic Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings in Slopes." Buildings 13, no. 6 (2023): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061371.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, various machine learning algorithms, including the minimax probability machine regression (MPMR), functional network (FN), convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and group method of data handling (GMDH) models, are proposed for the estimation of the seismic bearing capacity factor (Nc) of strip footings on sloping ground under seismic events. To train and test the proposed machine learning model, a total of 1296 samples were numerically obtained by performing a lower-bound (LB) and upper-bound (UB) finite element limit analysis (FELA) to evaluate the seismic bearing capacity factor (Nc) of strip footings. Sensitivity analysis was performed on all dimensionless input parameters (i.e., slope inclination (β); normalized depth (D/B); normalized distance (L/B); normalized slope height (H/B); the strength ratio (cu/γB); and the horizontal seismic acceleration (kh)) to determine the influence on the dimensionless output parameters (i.e., the seismic bearing capacity factor (Nc)). To assess the performance of the proposed models, various performance parameters—namely the coefficient of determination (R2), variance account factor (VAF), performance index (PI), Willmott’s index of agreement (WI), the mean absolute error (MAE), the weighted mean absolute percentage error (WMAPE), the mean bias error (MBE), and the root-mean-square error (RMSE)—were calculated. The predictive performance of all proposed models for a bearing capacity factor (Nc) prediction was compared by using the testing dataset, and it was found that the MPMR model achieved the highest R2 values of 1.000 and 0.957 and the lowest RMSE values of 0.000 and 0.038 in both the training and testing phases, respectively. The parametric analyses, rank analyses, REC curves, and the AIC showed that the proposed models were quite effective and reliable for the estimation of the bearing capacity factor (Nc).
21
Llamazares, Bonifacio. "A Study of SUOWA Operators in Two Dimensions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/271491.
Full textAbstract:
SUOWA operators are a new class of aggregation functions that simultaneously generalize weighted means and OWA operators. They are Choquet integral-based operators with respect to normalized capacities; therefore, they possess some interesting properties such as continuity, monotonicity, idempotency, compensativeness, and homogeneity of degree 1. In this paper, we focus on two dimensions and show that any Choquet integral with respect to a normalized capacity can be expressed as a SUOWA operator.
22
Gortan Cappellari, Gianluca, Aneta Aleksova, Matteo Dal Ferro, et al. "n-3 PUFA-Enriched Diet Preserves Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function and Redox State and Prevents Muscle Mass Loss in Mice with Chronic Heart Failure." Nutrients 15, no. 14 (2023): 3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15143108.
Full textAbstract:
Rationale and Methods: Skeletal muscle derangements, potentially including mitochondrial dysfunction with altered mitochondrial dynamics and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, may lead to protein catabolism and muscle wasting, resulting in low exercise capacity and reduced survival in chronic heart failure (CHF). We hypothesized that 8-week n-3-PUFA isocaloric partial dietary replacement (Fat = 5.5% total cal; EPA + DHA = 27% total fat) normalizes gastrocnemius muscle (GM) mitochondrial dynamics regulators, mitochondrial and tissue pro-oxidative changes, and catabolic derangements, resulting in preserved GM mass in rodent CHF [Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced CHF by coronary artery ligation, left-ventricular ejection fraction <50%]. Results: Compared to control animals (Sham), CHF had a higher GM mitochondrial fission-fusion protein ratio, with low ATP and high ROS production, pro-inflammatory changes, and low insulin signalling. n-3-PUFA normalized all mitochondrial derangements and the pro-oxidative state (oxidized to total glutathione ratio), associated with normalized GM cytokine profile, and enhanced muscle-anabolic insulin signalling and prevention of CHF-induced GM weight loss (all p < 0.05 vs. CHF and p = NS vs. S). Conclusions: n-3-PUFA isocaloric partial dietary replacement for 8 weeks normalizes CHF-induced derangements of muscle mitochondrial dynamics regulators, ROS production and function. n-3-PUFA mitochondrial effects result in preserved skeletal muscle mass, with potential to improve major patient outcomes in clinical settings.
23
Helfrich, Kyle, and Qiang Ye. "Eigenvalue Normalized Recurrent Neural Networks for Short Term Memory." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (2020): 4115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5831.
Full textAbstract:
Several variants of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with orthogonal or unitary recurrent matrices have recently been developed to mitigate the vanishing/exploding gradient problem and to model long-term dependencies of sequences. However, with the eigenvalues of the recurrent matrix on the unit circle, the recurrent state retains all input information which may unnecessarily consume model capacity. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing an architecture that expands upon an orthogonal/unitary RNN with a state that is generated by a recurrent matrix with eigenvalues in the unit disc. Any input to this state dissipates in time and is replaced with new inputs, simulating short-term memory. A gradient descent algorithm is derived for learning such a recurrent matrix. The resulting method, called the Eigenvalue Normalized RNN (ENRNN), is shown to be highly competitive in several experiments.
24
Chang, Yidi, Zhi Liu, Haifeng Yao, Shiming Gao, Keyan Dong, and Shutong Liu. "Performance Analysis of Multi-Hop FSOC over Gamma-Gamma Turbulence and Random Fog with Generalized Pointing Errors." Photonics 10, no. 11 (2023): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10111240.
Full textAbstract:
The multi-hop amplify-and-forward free-space optical communication (FSOC) system is studied in random fog using the I-function, considering Gamma-Gamma atmospheric turbulence and Beckmann pointing error. Outage probability, average bit error rate and average ergodic channel capacity are obtained. Channel-state-information assisted relay performs better than fixed-gain relay under high transmitted power. Increasing the hop number significantly improves the performance. More hops are needed in medium fog than in light fog to achieve the same performance. In addition, on a single-hop link, the influence of fog channel on system performance is dominant, while atmospheric turbulence intensity, normalized jitter standard deviation and normalized boresight error have little effect on the system performance. However, on a multi-hop link, atmospheric turbulence intensity, normalized jitter standard deviation and normalized boresight error have serious effects on system performance. Compared with correcting the normalized boresight error, compensating the normalized jitter standard deviation greatly improves the multi-hop FSOC system performance. Furthermore, optimizing beam width can further improves the performance. To ensure good communication, the system should select a low-order modulation scheme.
25
Rashid, Haveen Muhammed. "Reservoir Sedimentation Assessment Using Geospatial Technology: A case Study of Dukan Reservoir, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq." Journal of Engineering 29, no. 12 (2023): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.12.05.
Full textAbstract:
The accumulation of sediment in reservoirs poses a major challenge that impacts the storage capacity, quality of water, and efficiency of hydroelectric power generation systems. Geospatial methods, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS), were used to assess Dukan Reservoir sediment quantities. Satellite and reservoir water level data from 2010 to 2022 were used for sedimentation assessment. The satellite data was used to analyze the water spread area, employing the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to enhance the water surface in the satellite imagery of Dukan Reservoir. The cone formula was employed to calculate the live storage capacity of the reservoir within two elevations. According to the study results, the live storage capacity of Dukan Reservoir at elevation 511.78 m had decreased from 8000 MCM to 7007.77MCM and 6923.53 MCM using NDWI and MNDWI respectively, due to sedimentation, resulting in a capacity loss of 14.59% and 15.83% for NDWI and MNDWI respectively. The annual sedimentation was 13.78 MCM and 14.95 MCM for NDWI and MNDWI, respectively. Joglekar's equation and Khosla's formula have demonstrated that the sedimentation rate in the Dukan reservoir exceeds the critical rate. The findings of this study will inform the development of sediment management strategies aimed at preserving the reservoir's capacity.
26
Skokowa, O., J. Chekanowa, and А. Demyanets. "THE USE OF BUTTERMILK IN THE COMPOSITION OF NORMALIZED CREAM MIXTURES IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOUR CREAM WITH A LOW FAT CONTENT." Topical issues of processing of meat and milk raw materials, no. 14 (December 14, 2020): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2220-8755-2019-14-152-158.
Full textAbstract:
The dynamics of changes in organoleptic
 parameters titrated acidity and moistureretaining capacity of sour cream with a mass fraction of fat of 10% based on normalized cream mixtures of different component composition during storage at a standard temperature (4±2)oC for 40 days was studied. The influence of buttermilk obtained by a continuous method of churning cream in the composition of normalized cream mixtures on the quality indicators and consumer properties of sour cream with a low fat content is determined.
27
Nasraldin Mohammed Amin, Hero. "Assessment of Spatial Variation of the Surface Urban Heat and Cool Island in Sulaymaniyah City during the Dry Season." Twejer 7, no. 3 (2024): 1260–90. https://doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2473.46.
Full textAbstract:
Urban landscape modifications due to rapid urbanization, thermal capacity and three-dimensional urban geometry as well as climate change can lead to the difference in energy balance and heating capacity between cities and their surroundings and the occurrence of urban heat and cool islands. This study investigated the spatial variation of the surface urban heat island (SUHI) and surface urban cool island (SUCI) in the Sulaymaniyah urban area during the dry season. It examined the spatial variation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the SUHI\SUCI intensity through six satellite images of Landsat OLI-TIRS 09 utilized during the period of 21st June to 22nd September 2022. The Mono-Window Algorithm was used to retrieve LST, and the Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) was used to classify Land Use\ Land Cover Classes. To find out the key drivers of LST patterns, the related indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Dry Built-up Index (DBI), Dry Bare Soil Index (DBSI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Soil Moisture Index (NSMI), Evapotranspiration (ET), Albedo and terrain factors (Elevation, Slope, Aspect and Shaded Relief) were computed.
28
Lapidoth, Amos, and Yiming Yan. "The Listsize Capacity of the Gaussian Channel with Decoder Assistance." Entropy 24, no. 1 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24010029.
Full textAbstract:
The listsize capacity is computed for the Gaussian channel with a helper that—cognizant of the channel-noise sequence but not of the transmitted message—provides the decoder with a rate-limited description of said sequence. This capacity is shown to equal the sum of the cutoff rate of the Gaussian channel without help and the rate of help. In particular, zero-rate help raises the listsize capacity from zero to the cutoff rate. This is achieved by having the helper provide the decoder with a sufficiently fine quantization of the normalized squared Euclidean norm of the noise sequence.
29
Bełtowski, Jerzy, Grażyna Wójcicka, and Hieronim Jakubowski. "Modulation of paraoxonase 1 and protein N-homocysteinylation by leptin and the synthetic liver X receptor agonist T0901317 in the rat." Journal of Endocrinology 204, no. 2 (2009): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0298.
Full textAbstract:
The adipose tissue hormone leptin and homocysteine (Hcy)-thiolactone are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through their interactions with the anti-atherogenic enzyme paraoxonase 1 that has the ability to hydrolyze Hcy-thiolactone and minimizes protein N-homocysteinylation. Here we examined the relationships between hyperleptinemia, Hcy-thiolactonase, and protein N-homocysteinylation in rats. Hyperleptinemia was induced in adult rats by administration of leptin for 7 days (0.25 mg/kg twice daily s.c). We found that serum Hcy-thiolactonase was lower in hyperleptinemic than in control animals (−41.0%, P<0.001). Leptin administration increased the level of N-linked Hcy in plasma proteins (+92.9%, P<0.01), but had no effect on plasma total Hcy. These effects were not reproduced by pair-feeding. We also found that the synthetic liver X receptor (LXR) agonist, T0901317 (1 mg/kg per day) normalized Hcy-thiolactonase and protein N-homocysteinylation levels in leptin-treated rats. However, leptin-induced increase in plasma isoprostane levels (a marker of oxidative stress) was not normalized by T0901317. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin prevented leptin-induced increase in isoprostane levels but did not normalize Hcy-thiolactonase and protein N-homocysteinylation levels. These results suggest that the decreased capacity to metabolize Hcy-thiolactone and concomitant increase in protein N-homocysteinylation contribute to pro-atherogenic effect of chronic hyperleptinemia, independently of oxidative stress. LXR agonists normalize Hcy-thiolactonase levels and decrease protein N-homocysteinylation, especially under conditions associated with excess leptin such as metabolic syndrome.
30
Sestoft, L., and B. Saltin. "The low physical working capacity of thyrotoxic patients is not normalized by oral antithyroid treatment." Clinical Physiology 8, no. 1 (1988): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097x.1988.tb00257.x.
Full text
31
Tillin, Neale A., Matthew T. G. Pain, and Jonathan P. Folland. "Contraction type influences the human ability to use the available torque capacity of skeletal muscle during explosive efforts." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1736 (2012): 2106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2109.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of contraction type on the human ability to use the torque capacity of skeletal muscle during explosive efforts has not been documented. Fourteen male participants completed explosive voluntary contractions of the knee extensors in four separate conditions: concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC); and isometric at two knee angles (101°, ISO101 and 155°, ISO155). In each condition, torque was measured at 25 ms intervals up to 150 ms from torque onset, and then normalized to the maximum voluntary torque (MVT) specific to that joint angle and angular velocity. Explosive voluntary torque after 50 ms in each condition was also expressed as a percentage of torque generated after 50 ms during a supramaximal 300 Hz electrically evoked octet in the same condition. Explosive voluntary torque normalized to MVT was more than 60 per cent larger in CON than any other condition after the initial 25 ms. The percentage of evoked torque expressed after 50 ms of the explosive voluntary contractions was also greatest in CON (ANOVA; p < 0.001), suggesting higher concentric volitional activation. This was confirmed by greater agonist electromyography normalized to M max (recorded during the explosive voluntary contractions) in CON. These results provide novel evidence that the ability to use the muscle's torque capacity explosively is influenced by contraction type, with concentric contractions being more conducive to explosive performance due to a more effective neural strategy.
32
Tamai, Hiroki, Wenming Wang, Yoshimi Sonoda, and Masami Koshiishi. "Basic Study on the Proposal of New Measures to Improve the Ductility of RC Bridge Pier and Their Effectiveness." Infrastructures 9, no. 11 (2024): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9110197.
Full textAbstract:
To enhance the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) elements, it is essential to consider both strength and ductility post-yielding. This study proposed a novel method to improve the ductility of RC piers by using preformed inward-bending longitudinal reinforcements at the plastic hinges. Two full-scale model tests of standard and ductility-enhanced (DE) RC piers and numerical simulations were conducted. The lateral reversed cyclic loading experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of this new approach. The performance was evaluated regarding failure mode, plastic hinge distribution, hysteretic properties, normalized stiffness degradation, normalized energy dissipation capacity, bearing capacity, and ductility. Non-linear finite element method (FEM) analyses were also carried out to investigate the usefulness of the proposed method by DIANA, and simulation was validated against the experiment results by hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, failure mode crack pattern, ductility coefficient, and bearing capacity. The results indicated that the proposed method enhanced bearing capacity, resistance to stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, and ductility. Additionally, it was observed that the preformed positions and curvature of the main steel bars influenced the plastic hinge location and the buckling of longitudinal reinforcements. FEM analysis revealed that it might be reasonable to deduce the other factors that influenced the ductility of the specimens by using the same material parameters and models.
33
Barabashko, M. S., A. I. Krivchikov, R. Basnukaeva, O. A. Korolyuk, and A. Jeżowski. "Proportional correlation between heat capacity and thermal expansion of atomic, molecular crystals and carbon nanostructures." Condensed Matter Physics 26, no. 3 (2023): 33602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.26.33602.
Full textAbstract:
Correlation between thermal expansions β(T) and heat capacity C(T) of atomic and molecular crystals, amorphous materials with a structural disorder, carbon nanomaterials (fullerite C60, bundles SWCNTs of single-walled carbon nanotubes) was analyzed. The influence of the contribution to the coefficient of linear thermal expansion αXe(T) of Xe atoms adsorbed on the SWCNTs bundles is considered. The proportional correlation was found between the contribution to the coefficient of linear thermal expansion αXe(T) and the normalized to the gas constant heat capacity C Xe(T)/R of Xe atoms adsorbed on the SWCNTs bundles. The proportional correlation (β/β*) ∼ (CV/R) with the parameter β* for the bulk thermal expansion coefficient for cryocrystals is proposed. In the case of atomic crystals such as Xe and Ar, the proportional correlation (β/β*) ∼ (CV/R) is observed in the temperature range from the lowest experimental to temperatures where CV/R ≈ 2.3. The correlation is not observed in the temperatures where 2.3 < C V/R < 3 (classical Dulong-Petit law). It was found that the universal proportional correlation is also observed for molecular crystals with linear symmetry, such as CO2, CO, and N2O if the normalized heat capacity below the values CV/R ≈ 3 ÷ 3.5. It indicates that the proportional correlation between thermal expansions (β/β*) and heat capacity (CV/R) is related not only to the translational, but also to the rotational degrees of freedom of the molecule in the crystal. In the case of the C0, molecular crystal with translational and rotational degrees of freedom and intramolecular vibrations, the discussed above correlation occurs below the values of normalized heat capacity CV/R ≈ 7.5. In strongly anisotropic systems, such as systems of compacted bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes and SWCNTs bundles with adsorbed Xe atoms, this universal dependence appears in a limited temperature range that does not include the lowest temperatures. A qualitative explanation of the observed correlation is proposed.
34
Kejžar, Luka, Žiga Kozinc, Darjan Smajla, and Nejc Šarabon. "Reference Values for Isometric Ankle Strength: A Scoping Literature Review and Comparison with Novel Data from 683 Athletes." Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 35, no. 1 (2023): 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.2022045289.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to obtain body-mass normalised reference values of isometric ankle strength through a thorough literature review and consequent meta-analysis of the acquired data. A total of 133 studies with a total of 3755 participants were included in the final analysis. The results were sorted by the angle in the knee joint (extended, partially flexed, flexed) while the ankle joint was always in a neutral position. For easier comparison, the results were normalised to body mass (Nm/kg). The adult population (18-65 years) reached higher values than the older adult (65+ years) population. In the adult and athlete populations, the plantarflexion strength was highest when the knee was extended. Conversely, the strength values of plantarflexion were highest when the knee was flexed in the elderly population. Dorsiflexion strength was the highest when the knee was partially flexed in all populations. Our results appear to be similar to the results of previous studies conducting similar measurements on smaller sample sizes. We only managed to obtain a limited range of values for athletes. Consequently, we included an additional analysis of our existing database for ankle strength (683 athletes from 10 different sports). The athletes reached higher values than the general adult population and there were noticeable differences in strength between individual sports. With the obtained normalized reference values, kinesiologists, trainers, physiotherapists and other experts in the field will be able to better interpret the values they will obtain from their own measurements.
35
Ramires, P. R., C. L. M. Forjaz, C. M. C. Strunz, et al. "Oral glucose ingestion increases endurance capacity in normal and diabetic (type I) humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 2 (1997): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.2.608.
Full textAbstract:
Ramires, P. R., C. L. M. Forjaz, C. M. C. Strunz, M. E. R. Silva, J. Diament, W. Nicolau, B. Liberman, and C. E. Negrão.Oral glucose ingestion increases endurance capacity in normal and diabetic (type I) humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 608–614, 1997.—The effects of an oral glucose administration (1 g/kg) 30 min before exercise on endurance capacity and metabolic responses were studied in 21 type I diabetic patients [insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)] and 23 normal controls (Con). Cycle ergometer exercise (55–60% of maximal O2 uptake) was performed until exhaustion. Glucose administration significantly increased endurance capacity in Con (112 ± 7 vs. 125 ± 6 min, P < 0.05) but only in IDDM patients whose blood glucose decreased during exercise (70.8 ± 8.2 vs. 82.8 ± 9.4 min, P < 0.05). Hyperglycemia was normalized at 15 min of exercise in Con (7.4 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.2 mM) but not in IDDM patients (12.4 ± 0.7 vs. 15.6 ± 0.9 mM). In Con, insulin and C-peptide levels were normalized during exercise. Glucose administration decreased growth hormone levels in both groups. In conclusion, oral glucose ingestion 30 min before exercise increases endurance capacity in Con and in some IDDM patients. In IDDM patients, in contrast with Con, exercise to exhaustion attenuates hyperglycemia but does not bring blood glucose levels to preglucose levels.
36
Idowu, Sunday O. "Computational Antioxidant Capacity Simulation (CAOCS): A Novel Framework of Antioxidant Capacity Profiling." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 9, no. 1 (2014): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2013-0041.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Inconsistent ranking is a well-known drawback of antioxidant capacity (AOC) profiling methodologies that use free-radical species as oxidant. This problem leads to assay results that are not biorelevant. Linear free energy relationships (LFER) theory predicts proton transfer (PT) kinetics as a surrogate for biorelevant hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) kinetics. Computational antioxidant capacity simulation (CAOCS), based on real-time proton transfer kinetics modeling (PTKM) of polyphenols and phenol-like small molecules, inspired a novel AOC profiling methodology. Kinetic data acquired by incremental addition of resorcinol to an oxidized probe (phenol red), was fitted to mono-exponential decay equation (MED). Absorbance decay data from strongly antioxidant phenol-like molecules (e.g. ascorbic acid) and a new chromogenic probe (phenolphthalein) was fitted to MED and bi-exponential decay equation. The preferred model and corresponding best-fit rate constant (Kptt) was identified by comparison of fits, using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICc). Photometric phenolphthalein assay (PPA)-derived metric was normalized with photometric phenol red assay (PPRA) results by using a function developed from proton concentration differential between phenolphthalein and phenol red, with respect to decay threshold to plateau (assay endpoint) interval. pKa dependence of the CAOCS’ metric is a signature of structure–function relationships, and hence, biorelevance. It is shown, unambiguously, that a combination of two phenolic probe molecules, an analytical system devoid of free radicals, and statistical identification of preferred exponential decay fit to PT kinetics data, constitutes a novel algorithm for AOC profiling of polyphenols and phenol-like molecules. This methodology holds a promise of utility in quality assurance of dietary supplements.
37
Wei, Yi-Peng, Batuhan Arasli, Karim Banawan, and Sennur Ulukus. "The Capacity of Private Information Retrieval from Decentralized Uncoded Caching Databases." Information 10, no. 12 (2019): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10120372.
Full textAbstract:
We consider the private information retrieval (PIR) problem from decentralized uncoded caching databases. There are two phases in our problem setting, a caching phase, and a retrieval phase. In the caching phase, a data center containing all the K files, where each file is of size L bits, and several databases with storage size constraint μ K L bits exist in the system. Each database independently chooses μ K L bits out of the total K L bits from the data center to cache through the same probability distribution in a decentralized manner. In the retrieval phase, a user (retriever) accesses N databases in addition to the data center, and wishes to retrieve a desired file privately. We characterize the optimal normalized download cost to be D * = ∑ n = 1 N + 1 N n - 1 μ n - 1 ( 1 - μ ) N + 1 - n 1 + 1 n + ⋯ + 1 n K - 1 . We show that uniform and random caching scheme which is originally proposed for decentralized coded caching by Maddah-Ali and Niesen, along with Sun and Jafar retrieval scheme which is originally proposed for PIR from replicated databases surprisingly results in the lowest normalized download cost. This is the decentralized counterpart of the recent result of Attia, Kumar, and Tandon for the centralized case. The converse proof contains several ingredients such as interference lower bound, induction lemma, replacing queries and answering string random variables with the content of distributed databases, the nature of decentralized uncoded caching databases, and bit marginalization of joint caching distributions.
38
Prokopenko, A. N., and A. V. Kostruba. "Reconstruction of Nizhne-Svirskaya HPP hydroturbines using propeller blade runners with variable rotation speed." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 15, no. 4 (2023): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2022-15-4-300-308.
Full textAbstract:
Reconstruction of axial-flow hydroturbines through installation of variable speed propeller blade runners is considered. Using daily information about water head, capacity, and suction height of Nizhne-Svirskaya HPP units, topograms of hydro equipment operating conditions were created. For obtaining a regular pattern of unit capacity usage in power grid, those topograms were redesigned into histograms of relative duration of normalized capacity. Using aforementioned histograms enabled to substantiate the possibility of application of propeller blade runners for HPP reconstruction. The most dangerous unit operating conditions were identified in terms of cavitation. The upper limit for turbine cavitation coefficient was established. Methodologies were presented and a choice was made from several blade angles using analysis of efficiency levels, maximum normalized capacity, and turbine cavitation coefficient. Based on empirical dependencies, approximate losses in water parts induced by differences in geometry of old and reconstructed turbines were considered. With specifics of the propeller blade runner and losses in elements of the turbine water part taken into account, an estimated model hill chart of a hydroturbine with a new blade runner was created. This was used to plot an estimated prototype hill chart of the reconstructed hydroturbine operating with variable rotation speed. Three main operating zones are highlighted on the prototype hill chart. Simultaneously with achieving higher values of capacity compared to those of a Kaplan turbine, the operating range has been widened compared to traditional propeller turbines with a constant speed.
39
Burrow, Sylvia. "Reproductive Autonomy and Reproductive Technology." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 16, no. 1 (2012): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne20121614.
Full textAbstract:
The emergence of new forms of reproductive technology raise an increasingly complex array of social and ethical issues. Nevertheless, this paper focuses on commonplace reproductive technologies used during labor and birth such as ultrasound, fetal monitoring, episiotomy, epidurals, labor induction, amniotomy, and cesarean section. This paper maintains that social pressures increase women’s perceived need to such reproductive technologies and thus undermine women’s capacity to choose an elective cesarean or avoid an emergency cesarean. Routine, normalized use of technology interferes with the possibility of choosing use of technology where best suited through misdirecting laboring women to use technological resources whenever possible. This normalized use of technology decreases risk tolerance and increases dependence on technology for reassurance, which bears significant implications for self-trust and self-confidence. My account encourages women’s cultivation of autonomy as a capacity interconnected with our own attitudes and those of other persons; and as a function of cultivating trust and confidence in one’s body.
40
Luu, Billy L., Rhys J. McDonald, Bart Bolsterlee, Martin E. Héroux, Jane E. Butler, and Anna L. Hudson. "Movement of the ribs in supine humans for small and large changes in lung volume." Journal of Applied Physiology 131, no. 1 (2021): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01046.2020.
Full textAbstract:
Rib movements over inspiratory capacity are comparable for healthy controls and participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when normalized to the change in lung volume. The kinematics of the ribs during tidal breathing were described from four-dimensional computed tomography images. For large changes in lung volume with inspiratory capacity, pump-handle movements of the ribs are four times greater than bucket-handle movements, whereas at tidal volume, pump-handle movements are 20% smaller than bucket-handle movements.
41
Desai, Kavin H., Eric Schauble, Wusheng Luo, Evangelia Kranias, and Daniel Bernstein. "Phospholamban deficiency does not compromise exercise capacity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 276, no. 4 (1999): H1172—H1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.4.h1172.
Full textAbstract:
Deficiency of phospholamban (PLB) results in enhancement of basal murine cardiac function and an attenuated response to β-adrenergic stimulation. To determine whether the absence of PLB also reduces the reserve capacity of the murine cardiovascular system to respond to stress, we evaluated the heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and metabolic responses of PLB-deficient (PLB−/−) mice to graded treadmill exercise (GTE). PLB−/− mice were hypertensive at rest (125 ± 19 vs. 109 ± 16 mmHg, P < 0.05) but had normal tachycardic and hypotensive responses to isoproterenol. The HR response to GTE was normal; however, the hypertension in PLB−/− mice normalized at peak exercise. Their exercise capacities, as measured by duration of exercise and peak oxygen consumption (V˙o 2), were normal. The oxygen pulse (V˙o 2/HR) curve was also normal in PLB−/− mice, suggesting an ability to appropriately increase stroke volume and oxygen extraction during GTE, despite an inability to increase β-adrenergically stimulated cardiac contractility. Thus deficiency of PLB, although resulting in diminished β-adrenergic inotropic reserve, does not compromise cardiac performance during exercise.
42
Xi jun, Gao, Chen Zi li, and Hu Yong Jiang. "Characteristic Analysis on UAV-MIMO Channel Based on Normalized Correlation Matrix." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/206185.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the three-dimensional GBSBCM (geometrically based double bounce cylinder model) channel model of MIMO for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the simple form of UAV space-time-frequency channel correlation function which includes the LOS, SPE, and DIF components is presented. By the methods of channel matrix decomposition and coefficient normalization, the analytic formula of UAV-MIMO normalized correlation matrix is deduced. This formula can be used directly to analyze the condition number of UAV-MIMO channel matrix, the channel capacity, and other characteristic parameters. The simulation results show that this channel correlation matrix can be applied to describe the changes of UAV-MIMO channel characteristics under different parameter settings comprehensively. This analysis method provides a theoretical basis for improving the transmission performance of UAV-MIMO channel. The development of MIMO technology shows practical application value in the field of UAV communication.
43
Khan, Uzair Hassan, and Muhammad Daniyal Imran. "Relationship between Inflation and Other Macro Economics Factors: Comparative Study of Germany, Japan and New Zealand." Journal of Economic Impact 5, no. 1 (2023): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei5012309.
Full textAbstract:
One of the major concerns in different countries today is to manage inflation and to manage the resources according to it. Even though there are many factors that affect economic growth that can affect inflation, the concern of this research is regarding Consumer Price Index. The first objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the consumer price index and Agricultural Land, Urban Population, Trade, Military Expenditure, Primary Energy Consumption, Natural Gas Flaring, and Oil–Refining Capacity. This study includes time series data from 1980 to 2020. Johansen's cointegration method is used to find cointegration, and the significance of long-run and short-term variables is tested. The findings of this study conclude that in the case of Germany, normalized coefficients show consumer price index, Agricultural Land, Military Expenditure, Oil Refining Capacity, and Primary Energy Consumption have a positive and significant impact, Whereas Trade, Natural Gas Flaring, and Urban Population has a negative and significant impact on consumer price index. On the other hand, Japan normalized coefficients show that consumer price index, Agricultural Land, and Primary Energy Consumption have a negative and significant impact. Whereas Military Expenditure, Oil Refining Capacity, Trade, Natural Gas Flaring, and Urban Population have a positive and significant impact on the consumer price index, if we talk about New Zealand, their long run coefficient shows that the normalized coefficients show that consumer price index, Oil Refining Capacity, Trade, and Urban Population has negative and significant impact Whereas Military Expenditure, Primary Energy Consumption, and Natural Gas Flaring has a positive and significant impact on consumer price index. Similarly, the results of the Germany-adjusted coefficients show that Military Expenditure and Urban Population have a positive significant, while primary consumption and trade have a negative relationship with the consumer price index. According to Japan and New Zealand, Oil Refining Capacity has a significant and positive relationship with the consumer price index in the short run. The study, therefore, recommends that the governments of New Zealand, Germany, and Japan should take more initiatives to increase their urban population and trade because these activities help to decrease the inflation in New Zealand, Germany, and Japan.
44
Slinger, Jantine, Eric van Breda, and Harm Kuipers. "Aerobic Fitness Data for Dutch Adolescents (2002–2005)." Pediatric Exercise Science 21, no. 1 (2009): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.21.1.10.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the current performance capacity in 11–15 year old Dutch adolescents who participated in an incremental cycle test (n = 509) and or in a shuttle run test (N = 1,198). Cycle test results increased significantly with age in both genders, also after normalization to body weight. Shuttle run test results increased significantly with age only in boys. Compared with previous data, the absolute performance capacity in the cycle tests was comparable to data from 15 years ago, whereas the performance capacity normalized to kg body weight and the shuttle run test results seem to be fairly lower compared with the former data.
45
Gauy, Marcelo Matheus, Florian Meier, and Angelika Steger. "Multiassociative Memory: Recurrent Synapses Increase Storage Capacity." Neural Computation 29, no. 5 (2017): 1375–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00954.
Full textAbstract:
The connection density of nearby neurons in the cortex has been observed to be around 0.1, whereas the longer-range connections are present with much sparser density (Kalisman, Silberberg, & Markram, 2005 ). We propose a memory association model that qualitatively explains these empirical observations. The model we consider is a multiassociative, sparse, Willshaw-like model consisting of binary threshold neurons and binary synapses. It uses recurrent synapses for iterative retrieval of stored memories. We quantify the usefulness of recurrent synapses by simulating the model for small network sizes and by doing a precise mathematical analysis for large network sizes. Given the network parameters, we can determine the precise values of recurrent and afferent synapse densities that optimize the storage capacity of the network. If the network size is like that of a cortical column, then the predicted optimal recurrent density lies in a range that is compatible with biological measurements. Furthermore, we show that our model is able to surpass the standard Willshaw model in the multiassociative case if the information capacity is normalized per strong synapse or per bits required to store the model, as considered in Knoblauch, Palm, and Sommer ( 2010 ).
46
Pochernyaev, V. N., N. M. Syvkova, and V. S. Povkhlib. "SPATIAL DIVERSITY SIGNAL TRANSMISSION IN DIGITAL TROPOSCATTER STATIONS." Proceedings of the O.S. Popov ОNAT 1, no. 2 (2020): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33243/2518-7139-2020-1-2-92-99.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the possibility of increasing the normalized throughput of digital troposcatter stations on the way of using space-separated signal transmission. Shown is a block diagram of the transmitting path of a digital troposcatter station with space-separated signal transmission. Methods of separation at the reception of signals acting at the input of the space-time coding device of the transmission path of the microwave digital troposcatter station are analyzed. Three methods of signal addition are considered in detail: linear addition; auto selection; optimal (quasi-optimal) addition. Various variants of addition are analyzed: before the demodulator and after the demodulator. The calculation of the normalized channel capacity as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio for the case of two transmitting antennas with known and unknown channel matrices is carried out. It was found that with two transmitting antennas and an unknown channel matrix, the normalized bandwidth does not differ from the case of using one transmitting antenna. The effect of cross-polarization isolation on the normalized channel capacity is analyzed, when one transmitting antenna emits signals of horizontal polarization, and the second transmitting antenna emits signals of vertical polarization. The values of the error probability are obtained for spatially-separated signal transmission to two transmitting antennas for two laws of distribution of a random variable - Rayleigh and Rice. The Rice distribution law of a random variable, the error probability is expressed through the modified zero-order Bessel function. The calculated data are shown in the table. The calculation was carried out in two frequency ranges allowed for the use of troposcatter communication facilities and for a channel without fading and for a channel with intersymbol interference.
47
Koga, Y. "Fluctuations in aqueous methanol, ethanol, and propan-1-ol: amplitude and wavelength of fluctuation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 12 (1999): 2039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-213.
Full textAbstract:
Density, heat capacity, and isentropic compressibility data for aqueous methanol, ethanol, and propan-1-ol by Benson's group were used to evaluate two kinds of fluctuations; mean-square fluctuation densities; and (mean-square) normalized fluctuations, respectively, in volume, entropy, and cross (entropy/volume) effect. The mean-square fluctuation densitiesprovide measures for the amplitude (intensity) of the fluctuation, while the normalized fluctuations contain information regarding the wavelength (extensity) of the fluctuation. Furthermore, their composition derivatives, the partial molar fluctuationsof alcohols were calculated. These quantities signify the effect of additional solute on the respective fluctuations. These data were interpreted in terms of mixing schemes learned earlier in this laboratory by using the data of excess partial molar enthalpy, entropy, and volume, and the respective alcohol-alcohol interaction functions, i.e., the composition derivatives of partial molar quantities. Key words: aqueous methanol, ethanol, and propan-1-ol;fluctuation density; normalized fluctuation; partial molar fluctuations of alcohol.
48
Tian, Yinghui, Christophe Gaudin, Mark F. Randolph, and Mark J. Cassidy. "Influence of padeye offset on bearing capacity of three-dimensional plate anchors." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 6 (2015): 682–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0120.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports advanced three-dimensional large-deformation finite element analyses investigating the effect of the padeye offset on the behaviour of plate anchors. The analyses varied the normalized padeye offset from 0 to 0.5 and identified two counterbalancing effects on the anchor bearing capacity induced by the padeye offset. These are the change in anchor inclination with respect to the direction of loading (detrimental due to the reduction of bearing area) and the reduction of loss of embedment (beneficial, as the anchor mobilizes stronger soil). The results provide insights to optimize the design of plate anchors. The underlying concepts also have applications for other types of anchors.
49
Semchuk, I. Y. "Organization and feeding normalized growing repair heifers." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 24, no. 97 (2022): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9710.
Full textAbstract:
The article reflects the initial state of research on the long-term maintenance heifers of Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle. Research aimed at obtaining a high-performance group of dairy cows regarding farmers' zonal characteristics of feed production technology and advanced economies of Western Europe. It should be noted that western milk production technologies have drawbacks that should be considered when implementing them in our farms. These technologies use the concentrated feeding of cattle intended for the repair group. Typically, these farms' cows eat bad food and poor voluminous use of pasture, which is an obstacle in the purchase of cows and calves, taking into account their high purchase price. The main advantages of Western technology feed an extra shredding of bulky feed to the length of stems 0.3–0.5 mm and use free access to the feed table on which the feed, which is composed of plush corn and feeds additional concentrates at milking time. Thus, the type of concentrate feeding cows has a positive, but at the same disadvantage, especially in feeding heifers repair. Cow barrenness is high (30 % or more), and the duration limits the effective use of cattle to three years. Top management of our technology can actively use cows for 5–6 or more years with barrenness no higher than 8 %. Thus, the theoretical issue of full feeding of young cattle intended for herds of repair, incredibly high performance, continues to be studied. Our research task was to examine the characteristics of the formation of future milk production of repair heifers depending on age, level of energy, and protein supply. It is a well-known fact that the early introduction of grain concentrates into the diet of month-old calves helps accelerate rumen development. This dry feed during this critical period of the calf's life will also ensure the regular and harmonious functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Feeding whole grains, corn, and oats during this period will help strengthen the chewing muscles and improve the functioning of the salivary glands. Targeted breeding of repair heifers is one of the main tasks of animal breeders. The level of raising heifers in all age periods significantly impacts the health of animals, their subsequent milk productivity, reproductive capacity, and terms of productive use, and largely determines the efficiency of the dairy industry. Therefore, the organization and technology of rearing young animals for repair should be based on individual growth and development laws and contribute to the formation of animals with a strong constitution and high productivity. After all, it is known that the underdevelopment of organs due to insufficient feeding and inappropriate conditions of maintenance in one period of cultivation leaves negative consequences, even if the next period of animal development takes place under favorable organizational and technological conditions.
50
Barbour, A. D., P. Chigansky, and F. C. Klebaner. "On the emergence of random initial conditions in fluid limits." Journal of Applied Probability 53, no. 4 (2016): 1193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2016.74.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the paper we present a phenomenon occurring in population processes that start near 0 and have large carrying capacity. By the classical result of Kurtz (1970), such processes, normalized by the carrying capacity, converge on finite intervals to the solutions of ordinary differential equations, also known as the fluid limit. When the initial population is small relative to the carrying capacity, this limit is trivial. Here we show that, viewed at suitably chosen times increasing to ∞, the process converges to the fluid limit, governed by the same dynamics, but with a random initial condition. This random initial condition is related to the martingale limit of an associated linear birth-and-death process.