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Journal articles on the topic 'Normalizing transformation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Hong, Seongmin, and Se Young Chun. "Neural Diffeomorphic Non-uniform B-spline Flows." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 10 (2023): 12225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i10.26441.

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Normalizing flows have been successfully modeling a complex probability distribution as an invertible transformation of a simple base distribution. However, there are often applications that require more than invertibility. For instance, the computation of energies and forces in physics requires the second derivatives of the transformation to be well-defined and continuous. Smooth normalizing flows employ infinitely differentiable transformation, but with the price of slow non-analytic inverse transforms. In this work, we propose diffeomorphic non-uniform B-spline flows that are at least twice

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Prykhodko, Sergiy, Ivan Shutko, and Andrii Prykhodko. "Early LOC Estimation of Web Apps Created Using Yii Framework by Nonlinear Regression Models." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 20 (November 23, 2021): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23205.2021.20.35.

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We have performed early LOC estimation of Web applications (apps) created using the Yii framework by three nonlinear regression models with three predictors based on the normalizing transformations. We used two univariate transformations (the decimal logarithm and the Box-Cox transformation) and the Box-Cox four-variate transformation for constructing nonlinear regression models. The nonlinear regression model constructed by the Box-Cox four-variate transformation has better size prediction results compared to other regression ones based on the univariate transformations.

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Viveros, R. "An Approximate Normalizing Power Transformation for theFDistribution." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 19, no. 1 (1990): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610919008812845.

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4

Prykhodko, S. B., I. S. Shutko, and A. S. Prykhodko. "A NONLINEAR REGRESSION MODEL TO ESTIMATE THE SIZE OF WEB APPS CREATED USING THE CAKEPHP FRAMEWORK." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, no. 4 (January 13, 2022): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2021-4-12.

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Context. The problem of estimating the software size in the early stage of a software project is important because a software size estimate is used for predicting the software development effort, including Web apps created using the CakePHP framework. The object of the study is the process of estimating the size of Web apps created using the CakePHP framework. The subject of the study is the nonlinear regression models to estimate the size of Web apps created using the CakePHP framework. Objective. The goal of the work is the building the nonlinear regression model with three predictors

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Prykhodko, S. B., N. V. Prykhodko, and A. V. Koltsov. "A NONLINEAR REGRESSION MODEL FOR EARLY LOC ESTIMATION OF OPEN-SOURCE KOTLIN-BASED APPLICATIONS." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, no. 1 (April 2, 2024): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2024-1-8.

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Context. The early lines of code (LOC) estimation in software projects holds significant importance, as it directly influences the prediction of development effort, covering a spectrum of different programming languages, and open-source Kotlin-based applications in particular. The object of the study is the process of early LOC estimation of open-source Kotlin-based apps. The subject of the study is the nonlinear regression models for early LOC estimation of open-source Kotlin-based apps. Objective. The goal of the work is to build the nonlinear regression model with three predictors for early

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He, Zhi Jun, Jing Li, and Jin Xin Liu. "Influence on the Microstructure of Pinion Steel with Different Cooling Rates after Normalizing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.12.

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According to continuous cooling transformation curve of pinion steel, heat treatment simulation tests of 8 series were developed. The results show that the microstructure of pinion steel depends on the cooling rate after normalizing. Furnace cooling according to 30°C/h after normalizing can get the typical F+P organizations; Converter cooling after normalizing mixed with some bainite organizations; Furnace cooling with the break after normalizing can get clear stripped bainite organizations.

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Fukasawa, Masaaki. "THE NORMALIZING TRANSFORMATION OF THE IMPLIED VOLATILITY SMILE." Mathematical Finance 22, no. 4 (2011): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.2011.00483.x.

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8

Taneichi, Nobuhiro, Yuri Sekiya, Akio Suzukawa, and Hideyuki Imai. "A FORMULA FOR NORMALIZING TRANSFORMATION OF SOME STATISTICS." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 31, no. 2 (2002): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sta-120002643.

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Prykhodko, Sergiy, Natalia Prykhodko, and Kateryna Knyrik. "Estimating the Efforts of Mobile Application Development in the Planning Phase Using Nonlinear Regression Analysis." Applied Computer Systems 25, no. 2 (2020): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acss-2020-0019.

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Abstract The authors consider the construction of a nonlinear multiple regression model, its confidence and prediction intervals to evaluate the efforts of mobile application development in the planning phase based on the multivariate normalizing transformation and outlier detection. The constructed model is compared to the linear regression model and nonlinear regression models based on the univariate transformations, such as the decimal logarithm, Box–Cox, and Johnson transformation. This model, in comparison with other regression models, has better prediction accuracy.

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Li, Huaixiang, and D. B. Owen. "On the umvu estimators after using a normalizing transformation." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 18, no. 3 (1989): 801–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610928908829935.

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11

Roff, Derek A. "The threshold model as a general purpose normalizing transformation." Heredity 86, no. 4 (2001): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00844.x.

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Prykhodko, S. B., A. V. Pukhalevych, K. S. Prykhodko, and L. M. Makarova. "NONLINEAR REGRESSION MODELS FOR ESTIMATING THE DURATION OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT IN JAVA FOR PC BASED ON THE 2021 ISBSG DATA." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, no. 3 (October 17, 2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2022-3-14.

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Context. The problem of estimating the duration of software development in Java for personal computers (PC) is important because, first, failed duration estimating is often the main contributor to failed software projects, second, Java is a popular language, and, third, a personal computer is a widespread multi-purpose computer. The object of the study is the process of estimating the duration of software development in Java for PC. The subject of the study is the nonlinear regression models to estimate the duration of software development in Java for PC. Objective. The goal of the work

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13

Hamed, Ahmed, Mamdouh Eissa, Abdelhakim Kandil, Omnia Ali, and Taha Mattar. "Effect of Different Normalizing Processes on Microstructure, Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of V-Ti-Micro-Alloyed Steel Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 835 (March 2020): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.835.243.

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Normalizing is an effective heat treatment in improving the microstructure and developing the mechanical properties of micro-alloyed steel. The normalizing parameters such as temperature and holding time are the main keys to microstructure and mechanical properties controlling. Therefore, obtaining an optimum combination of mechanical properties must be subjected to an ideal combination of these parameters. Furthermore, adjusting the optimum normalizing parameters must be considered for every chemical composition depending on the critical transformation temperatures. In this work, four micro-a

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Maesono, Yoshihiko. "AN EDGEWORTH EXPANSION AND A NORMALIZING TRANSFORMATION FOR L-STATISTICS." Bulletin of informatics and cybernetics 39 (December 2007): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/16772.

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Enomoto, Rie, Zofia Hanusz, Ayako Hara, and Takashi Seo. "Multivariate normality test using normalizing transformation for Mardia’s multivariate kurtosis." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 49, no. 3 (2019): 684–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2019.1661476.

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16

Ilyashenko, Yu. "Dulac maps of real saddle-nodes." Nonlinearity 37, no. 10 (2024): 105017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ad76f3.

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Abstract Consider a germ of a holomorphic vector field at the origin on the coordinate complex plane. This germ is called a saddle-node if the origin is its singular point, one of its eigenvalues at zero is zero, and the other is not. A saddle-node germ is real if its restriction to the real plane is real. The monodromy transformation for this germ has a multiplier at zero equal to 1. The germ of this map is parabolic and admits a ‘normalizing cochain’. In this note we express the Dulac map of any real saddle-node up to a left composition with a real germ ( C , 0 ) → ( C , 0 ) through one comp

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17

Wang, Ya Nan, Li Ying Han, and Ying Sun. "Effect of Normalizing Pre-Treatment on Microstructure of Laser Hardened Ductile Iron." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1146.

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We adjusted the pearlite content of ductile iron matrixin by normalizing, finding that the microstructures of laser hardened ductile iron with different pearlite content and distribution were quite different. According to their microstructure characteristics, there are three types: ⑴pearlite transformation type; ⑵ pearlite and ferrite transformation type; ⑶ferrite transformation type. We also studied the microhardness of different ductile iron laser hardened layers and the phase around the graphite ball. The results showed that under the appropriate laser treatment process (laser output power

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18

Maesono, Yoshihiko. "Edgeworth Expansion and Normalizing Transformation of Ratio Statistics and Their Application." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 39, no. 8-9 (2010): 1344–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610920802311741.

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19

Kay, Steven, and Yazan Rawashdeh. "A New Random Variable Normalizing Transformation With Application to the GLRT." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 25, no. 2 (2018): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2017.2781235.

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20

Yang, Zhenlin, and Min Xie. "Process monitoring of exponentially distributed characteristics through an optimal normalizing transformation." Journal of Applied Statistics 27, no. 8 (2000): 1051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760050173373.

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21

Kao, Shih-Chou, and Chuanching Ho. "Process monitoring of the sample variances through an optimal normalizing transformation." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 30, no. 5-6 (2005): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-005-0092-z.

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22

Marinković, Dušan, and Dušan Ristić. "Gaze and Norm: Foucault’s Legacy in Sociology." Foucault Studies 36, no. 1 (2024): 268–92. https://doi.org/10.1353/fou.2024.a940822.

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ABSTRACT: In this paper, we problematize the legacy of Michel Foucault from his genealogies of normalizing society. We claim that his most important concepts of normalizing society are gaze and norm, which are defined as the (social) technologies of power. Our assumption is that Foucault identified changes in social life and the emergence of the disciplinary diagram through the transformation of spatial practices. Thus, he “needed” Bentham’s idea of the Panopticon. However, his reference to Bentham goes beyond the interpretation of the spatial aspects of the Panopticon. Namely, genealogies of

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Prykhodko, Sergiy, Ivan Shutko, and Andrii Prykhodko. "Early size estimation of web apps created using codeigniter framework by nonlinear regression models." RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2022.3.06.

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Subject matter: Early software size estimation is one of the project managers' significant problems in evaluating app development efforts because software size is the major determinant of software project effort. Function points (FPs) and lines of code (LOC) are most commonly used as measures of size in existing software effort estimation methods and models. As is known, both these metrics have their advantages and disadvantages when used for software effort estimation. Although the FPs-based measure has the advantage over the LOC in that it does not depend on the technologies used, however, t

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24

Nishii, Ryuei. "Convergence of the Gram-Charier expansion after the normalizing Box-Cox transformation." Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 45, no. 1 (1993): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00773677.

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LI, Z. C., Y. Y. TANG, T. D. BUI, and C. Y. SUEN. "SHAPE TRANSFORMATION MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN PATTERN RECOGNITION." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 04, no. 01 (1990): 65–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800149000006x.

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This paper presents linear and bilinear shape transformations including basic transformations, analyzes their geometric properties, and provides computer algorithms. The shape transformations can be used to simplify the recognition of Roman letters, Chinese characters and other pictorial patterns by normalizing their shapes to the standard forms. Important theoretical analyses have been performed to illustrate that the linear and bilinear transformations are applicable to computer recognition of digitized patterns. A number of pictorial examples have been computed to confirm the analyses and c

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Prykhodko, S. B., and A. S. Trukhov. "FACE RECOGNITION USING THE TEN-VARIATE PREDICTION ELLIPSOID FOR NORMALIZED DATA BASED ON THE BOX-COX TRANSFORMATION." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, no. 2 (June 27, 2024): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2024-2-9.

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Context. Face recognition, which is one of the tasks of pattern recognition, plays an important role in the modern information world and is widely used in various fields, including security systems, access control, etc. This makes it an important tool for security and personalization. However, the low probability of identifying a person by face can have negative consequences, so there is a need for the development and improvement of face recognition methods. The object of research is the face recognition process. The subject of the research is a mathematical model for face recognition. One of

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Lin, Jinn-Tyan. "A Direct Approximation for the Percentiles of the t Distribution." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 8, no. 3 (1994): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800003533.

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In contrast to the usual approach of using a normalizing transformation, a direct approximation for the percentiles of the t distribution is developed by using techniques of exploratory data analysis. The approximation is convenient to use and has sufficient accuracy for many applications of the t distribution.

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Boivin, Richard, and Albéric Boivin. "Laurent-series expansions for the finite Hankel self-transforms." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 2 (1985): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-042.

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Two simple representations in terms of power series are obtained for the eigenfunctions of the finite Hankel transformation. In each case the series coefficients are shown to satisfy a three-term, numerically stable recurrence formula. Expressions are provided for normalizing the coefficients and extending the eigenfunctions beyond the unit interval.

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Li, An Ming. "Influence of Pretreatment Process on Microstructure and Properties of 65Mn Steel after Subcritical Quenching." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.55.

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Quenching and normalizing is selected as the pretreatment process. Microstructure and mechanical properties of subcritical quenched 65Mn steel are investigated when different pretreatment is used. The experimental results show that the content and grain size of the martensite in the 65Mn steel after subcritical quenched are related with pretreatment process. The mechanical properties are determined by the pretreatment process. 65Mn steel exhibits very fine martensite structure when pretreatment process is quenching. The tensile strength and hardness is 65 Mn steel with the pretreatment process

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Wu, Shangyu, Yufei Cui, Jinghuan Yu, Xuan Sun, Tei-Wei Kuo, and Chun Jason Xue. "NFL." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, no. 10 (2022): 2188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3547305.3547322.

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Recent works on learned index open a new direction for the indexing field. The key insight of the learned index is to approximate the mapping between keys and positions with piece-wise linear functions. Such methods require partitioning key space for a better approximation. Although lots of heuristics are proposed to improve the approximation quality, the bottleneck is that the segmentation overheads could hinder the overall performance. This paper tackles the approximation problem by applying a distribution transformation to the keys before constructing the learned index. A two-stage Normaliz

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Prykhodko, Andriy, and Eugene Malakhov. "An Improved Mathematical Model for Assessing the Quality of Open Source Web Applications." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 2, no. 11(42) (2025): 30–37. https://doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2025.11(42).2.30-37.

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The problem of assessing the quality of the open-source software, including web applications developed using the PHP frameworks, is important because nowadays the popularity of open-source software is growing, and web application development is performed using frameworks. The object of the study is the process of assessing the quality of open-source web applications developed using PHP frameworks, using software metrics RFC (Response for Class), CBO (Coupling Between Objects), and WMC (Weighted Methods per Class). The subject of the study is the mathematical models to evaluate the quality of t

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Kim, Namhyun. "Omnibus tests for multivariate normality based on Mardia’s skewness and kurtosis using normalizing transformation." Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods 27, no. 5 (2020): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29220/csam.2020.27.5.501.

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Setiawan, Ikwan, Albert Tallapessy, and Andang Subaharianto. "Neo-Exoticism Discourses in Indonesian Online Media: Normalizing Cultural Tourism Regime amid Market Economy." Jurnal Humaniora 35, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.78345.

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This article explores the construction of neo-exoticism discourses in Indonesian online news media. Drawing on online news media research, we show how the transformation of ethnic cultures in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia were positioned as the basis of various tourism events using the representation theory with the discursive constructionist approach. We focus on how some Indonesian online news media reported and positioned Banyuwangi Festival through quotations of government’s official’s statements and descriptions of cultural events that emphasize the transformation of ethnic cultures to

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Pavan, Hiremath, M. C. Gowrishankar, Shettar Manjunath, Sharma Sathyashankara, P. K. Jayashree, and Kowshik Suhas. "Influence of normalizing post carburizing treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of low alloy gear steels." AIMS Materials Science 8, no. 5 (2021): 836–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2021051.

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<abstract> <p>Steel is a versatile metal, got a wide range of applications in all the fields of engineering and technology. Generally, low carbon steels are tough and high alloy carbon steels are hard in nature. Certain applications demand both properties in the same steel. Carburization is one such technique that develops hard and wear resistant surfaces with a soft core. The objective of this work is to study the influence of post carburizing treatment (normalizing) on three grades of steels (EN 3, 20MnCr5, and EN 353). Post carburizing treatments are necessary to overcome the ad

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Maity, J., B. S. Poona, M. Kumar, et al. "Quantitative hardness‐carbon content‐microstructure correlation in normalized plain carbon steel." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 54, no. 11 (2023): 1444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202300146.

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AbstractComposition (carbon content) dependent critical structural evolution in correlation to hardness attained is judiciously investigated for plain carbon steel, the most widely used cost‐effective structural material, under normalizing treatment of industrial relevance involving non‐equilibrium still air cooling. The solid state phase transformation under non‐equilibrium still air cooling is conceived in terms of a logarithmic variation of eutectoid carbon content with the gross carbon content of steel in view of maintaining fixed maximum solubility of carbon in α‐iron with an assumption o

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Coletti, Roberto, Andrea di Schino, Sabrina Mengaroni, and Stefano Neri. "Austenitic Grain Size Effect on the Phase Transformation of a 7.0% Cr Steel for Forging." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.77.

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In this paper the effect of normalizing and tempering (N&T) thermal treatment on mechanical properties of a novel 7.0% Cr steel for forged components is studied. The main innovation is in the increased hardenability following the higher Cr content with respect to the more common 5% Cr steel allowing to lower the content of other chemical elements aimed to achieve the target mechanical properties. Results show that in the case of 7.0% Cr steel, following the high intrinsic hardenability, the austenitic grain size effect on microstructure after cooling is really poor.

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Liu, Cheng Jun, Ya He Huang, and Mao Fa Jiang. "Effects of Rare Earths on Structural Transformation of Heavy Rail Steel." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.237.

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Clean heavy rail steel was prepared by the process of vacuum induction furnace smelting, forge work and rolling. Effects of Rare earths (RE) on phase transformation and microstructure of heavy rail steel were investigated by thermal simulation machine, metallographic microscope and scanning electronic microscope. Thermal simulate tests indicate that, RE can move the C curve of pearlite transformation to lower right, prolong the incubation period of pearlite and improve the stability of undercooled austenite. The minimum incubation period of pearlite transformation is increased from 24s to 30s

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Sekiya, Yuri, Nobuhiro Taneichi, and Hideyuki Imai. "A POWER APPROXIMATION FOR THE MULTINOMIAL GOODNESS-OF-FIT TEST BASED ON A NORMALIZING TRANSFORMATION." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN STATISTICAL SOCIETY 29, no. 1 (1999): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14490/jjss1995.29.79.

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Wang, Hao, Jun Yang, and Songhua Hao. "Two Inverse Normalizing Transformation methods for the process capability analysis of non-normal process data." Computers & Industrial Engineering 102 (December 2016): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2016.10.014.

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Kaplan, Gregoriy, Lior Fine, Victor Lukyanov, V. S. Manivasagam, Josef Tanny, and Offer Rozenstein. "Normalizing the Local Incidence Angle in Sentinel-1 Imagery to Improve Leaf Area Index, Vegetation Height, and Crop Coefficient Estimations." Land 10, no. 7 (2021): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070680.

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Public domain synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery, particularly from Sentinel-1, has widened the scope of day and night vegetation monitoring, even when cloud cover limits optical Earth observation. Yet, it is challenging to combine SAR images acquired at different incidence angles and from ascending and descending orbits because of the backscatter dependence on the incidence angle. This study demonstrates two transformations that facilitate collective use of Sentinel-1 imagery, regardless of the acquisition geometry, for agricultural monitoring of several crops in Israel (wheat, processing

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Lamel, Bernhard, and Laurent Stolovitch. "Convergence of the Chern–Moser–Beloshapka normal forms." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2020, no. 765 (2020): 205–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2019-0004.

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AbstractIn this article, we give a normal form for real-analytic, Levi-nondegenerate submanifolds of{\mathbb{C}^{N}}of codimension{d\geq 1}under the action of formal biholomorphisms. We find a very general sufficient condition on the formal normal form that ensures that the normalizing transformation to this normal form is holomorphic. In the case{d=1}our methods in particular allow us to obtain a new and direct proof of the convergence of the Chern–Moser normal form.

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Wu, Zhenpeng, Chunyu Lin, Rongchang Zhang, and Liangwei Zhang. "Fault Detection of Rolling Bearings using Real NVP Transformation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2861, no. 1 (2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2861/1/012007.

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Abstract The scarcity of rolling bearing fault data and the difficulty in annotating fault types prompt us to employ unsupervised fault detection methods. However, existing unsupervised fault detection methods rely on manual feature extraction or use indirect approaches such as reconstruction error or density approximation for fault detection. To address this issue, this paper proposes an unsupervised rolling bearing fault detection method based on a Normalizing flow model, namely the Real-Valued Non-Volume Preserving (Real NVP) model. Compared to existing methods, this approach utilizes vibra

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Burtman, Inna. "Transformation of the US approaches to radical leftist Latin American regimes under the Biden administration." Russia and America in the 21st Century, S3 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760029090-6.

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This article is devoted to the transformation of the course of the Biden administration towards radical leftist regimes in Latin America. The purpose of the research is to identify the features of the process of normalizing their interaction, which is complicated by the external and internal political tasks of the White House. In the investigation will be analyzed Washington&apos;s steps to build a dialogue with Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the US strategy in the region and the reasons for the conflict continuing in i

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Malik, Fozia. "BOX-COX TRANSFORMATION APPROACH FOR DATA NORMALIZATION: A STUDY OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN." IBT Journal of Business Studies 14, no. 1 (2018): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2018.14.01.09.

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The aim of this paper is the application of Box-Cox transformation approach for data normalization. It is mostly noticed that in social science research discipline the data is not normally distributed which can cause various problems for researchers. These problems are related to decisions which statistical tools should apply in case of non-normality of data. A data set using two independent variables; (i) internal resources, (ii) external resources, one mediating variable which is new product development process and one dependent variable namely new product success from manufacturing sector o

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Taneichi, Nobuhiro, Yuri Sekiya, and Hideyuki Imai. "A power approximation of the test of homogeneity for multinomial populations based on a normalizing transformation." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 27, no. 7 (1998): 1677–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929808832184.

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Lin, Wei Ping, Ya Jun Fan, Zhan Ling Zhang, Jie Wu Zhu, and Yong Ning Liu. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A Ultra-High Carbon Steel." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.907.

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A ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCS) containing 1.6 wt pct carbon was studied. Through spheroidizing process by divorced-eutectoid transformation (DET), the forged microstructure was spheroidized and the microstructure was fine carbide particles distributed in ferrite matrix. Second-time heat treatment included two kinds of technologies: normalizing and quenching + tempering. Finally, the UHCS obtained ideal mechanical properties. The yield strength and tensile strength of the UHCS were higher than that of 40CrNiMo, moreover plasticity of the UHCS was equal to that of 40CrNiMo. So the UHCS was an

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Batkhin, Alexander Borisovich. "Homological equation of arbitrary order and computation of the normal form of a Hamiltonian system." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 19 (2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-19.

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In the preprint the procedure of deriving homological equations of arbitrary order, the solutions of which are used for the iterative procedure of normalization of the Hamiltonian in the neighborhood of the equilibrium position, is considered. The features of the implementation of the normalization algorithm using modern computer algebra systems are discussed. The normalization procedure is applied to the Hamiltonian of the Hill problem written in scaled regular variables. The resulting normal form of the Hill problem can be used to find sets of analyticity of the normalizing transformation.

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Zhang, Hua, Shu Yan Zhang, Li Jia Wang, and Guo Zhen Wang. "Edge Detection Using the Multi-Oriented Local Energy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.638.

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To detect the edge of object, an efficient scheme based on the Multi-Oriented Local Energy (MOLE) is presented. The MOLE is constructed by Multi-oriented Gaussian second differential and its Hilbert transformation. The Multi-oriented Gaussian second differential is obtained by using a linear combination of basis filters with arbitrary orientations. To overcome the affection of illumination, Phase Congruency is employed by normalizing the directional energies. At last, our method is compared with other common methods. The experimental results reveal that this method can extract more continuous

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Baranov, Sergey, Igor Zykov, Aleksandra Prokopenko, Lubov Fedorova, and Irina Lipponen. "Data distribution and asymmetry in leaf blade Prunus padus L." E3S Web of Conferences 420 (2023): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342001001.

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To test the level of developmental stability of plants, an indicator of the asymmetry of their leaf blades is often used. The resulting systematic additive and multiplicative errors depend on the nature of the distribution sample data. On the example of bird cherry (Prunus padus L.) leaf blades, two types of distribution of sample data are demonstrated – normal and exponential. Statistical analyzes were performed in STATISTICA 10 (Stat.Ink). The exponential form of the distribution did not allow obtaining the mean value of the sample. The normalizing transformation of the sample contributed to

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Saucedo-Muñoz, Maribel L., Victor M. Lopez-Hirata, Hector J. Dorantes-Rosales, et al. "Phase Transformations of 5Cr-0.5Mo-0.1C Steel after Heat Treatment and Isothermal Exposure." Metals 12, no. 8 (2022): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081378.

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This study consists of the experimental and numerical analysis of the phase transformations of 5Cr-0.5Mo.0.1C steel after heat treatment. The microstructure of the as-received steel comprised ferrite and bainite, which is in agreement with the microconstituents predicted by the Calphad-calculated TTT diagram. Calphad-based precipitation calculations show that the cooling stage of normalizing treatment did not cause carbide formation. In contrast, tempering at 700 °C for 15 min promotes the intergranular precipitation of Fe3C, M7C3 and M23C6 carbides, which is consistent with experimental resul

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