Academic literature on the topic 'Normative media theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Normative media theory"
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Nyre, Lars. "Normative Media Research." Nordicom Review 30, no. 2 (November 1, 2009): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0148.
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Abstract The article enquires about the role of researchers in an era of increasingly competitive innovation in the media industry. I argue that research-driven change in the mass media is possible, and that there should be more of it in the future. More democratic participation in mass media is the issue that most urgently needs to be resolved, and in Part II I will point out a possible strategy of reformation in the field. The article is a form of meta-theory or ‘theory of science’, and it zooms in on the normative attitude of the social researcher towards the larger society. The first part is a history of normativity in modern American and European social science from the 1920s onwards, with a focus on media studies. It sets the background for a framework for instructive media research, that is, research in which a normative goal is pursued with all the tools that social research can legitimately apply. I present three sectors of the media that can be directly and indirectly controlled by the researcher: the media’s technical platforms, their editorial procedures, and citizens’ participation in the media.
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Abdullah, Noor Aziah, and Rohana Mijan. "MALAYSIA AND CHINA MEDIA SYSTEM COMPARISON BASED ON MCQUAIL THEORY." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 4, no. 17 (December 29, 2019): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.417008.
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The concept of media systems in the twentieth century cannot be applied to the idea of media systems in the 21st century. As the media system is dominated by the Four Press Theory (Siebert et al. 1956), a new theory has been developed in line with the development of media technology, McQuail's Media Normative Theory (2010). McQuail's Media Normative Theory (2010) introduces four media system models, a liberal pluralist or market model, social responsibility or public interest model, a professional media model / a professional model and an alternative media system model. Alternative media model '. As such, this paper aims to draw comparisons between the current model of the Malaysian media system and China, based on the variables of independence, government intervention and control over recent research.
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Fourie, Pieter J. "Normative media theory in the digital media landscape: frommedia ethicstoethical communication." Communicatio 43, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2017.1331927.
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Kent, Michael L., and Chaoyuan Li. "Toward a normative social media theory for public relations." Public Relations Review 46, no. 1 (March 2020): 101857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.101857.
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Spence, Edward Howlett. "The sixth estate: tech media corruption in the age of information." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 18, no. 4 (March 6, 2020): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-02-2020-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how some of the information and communication practices of the Tech Media and specifically of Facebook, constitute media corruption. The paper will examine what the professional role of Facebook is regarding its information/communication practices and then demonstrate that Facebook is essentially a media company and not merely a “platform,” therefore liable to the same normative responsibilities as other media companies. Design/methodology/approach Applying the dual obligation information theory (DOIT), a normative information and communication theory that applies generally to all media companies that disseminate and share information, the paper demonstrates that Facebook’s role of mediating and curating the information of its users places upon it a normative editing responsibility, to ensure both the preventive detection and corrective editing of fake news, as well as other forms of misinformation disseminated on its platform. Finally, applying a philosophical model of media corruption the paper will demonstrate that Facebook’s role in the Cambridge Analytica case was not only unethical but moreover, constituted media corruption. Findings The paper concludes that Facebook’s media corruption illustrated in the Cambridge Analytica case is not a one-off case but the result of a systemic and inherent conflict of interest between its business model of selling users’ information to advertisers and its normative media role rendering the conflict of interest between those two roles conducive to media corruption. Originality/value The paper's originality is twofold. It demonstrates that Facebook is a media company normatively accountable on the basis of an original theory the DOIT and moreover, on the basis of an original media corruption theory its actions in the Cambridge Analytica case constituted media corruption.
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Poepsel, Mark, and Chad Painter. "Alternative media and normative theory: A case of Ferguson, Missouri." CM: Communication and Media 11, no. 38 (2016): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/comman11-9615.
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Ugangu, Wilson, and Pieter Fourie. "Linking normative theory to media policy-making: A case study of Kenya." Journal of African Media Studies 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams.6.3.265_1.
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Moss, Giles. "Media, capabilities, and justification." Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 1 (April 24, 2017): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443717704998.
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In this article, I evaluate the use of the ‘capability approach’ developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum as a normative perspective for critical media research. The concept of capabilities provides a valuable way of assessing media and captures important aspects of the relationship between media and equality. However, following Rainer Forst’s critique of outcome-oriented approaches to justice, I argue that the concept is less well placed to address important questions of power and process. In particular, when it comes to deciding which capabilities media should promote and what media structures and practices should promote them, the capability approach must accept the priority of deliberative and democratic processes of justification. Once we do this, we are urged to situate the concept of capabilities within a more process-oriented view of justice, focused not on capabilities as such but on outlining the conditions required to support such justificatory processes. After discussing the capability approach, I will outline the process-oriented theory of justice Forst has developed around the idea of the ‘right to justification’. While Forst does not discuss media in depth, I argue his theory of justice can provide a valuable alternative normative standpoint for critical media research.
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Thon, Jan-Noël. "Transmedia characters: Theory and analysis." Frontiers of Narrative Studies 5, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 176–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fns-2019-0012.
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AbstractThis article sketches a theoretical framework and method for the analysis of transmedia characters that focuses on specific instantiations of these characters in individual media texts, before asking how these local work-specific characters relate to other local work-specific characters or coalesce into glocal transmedia characters as part of global transmedia character networks, thus evading what one could consider an undue emphasis on the “model of the single character” when analyzing the various characters that are, for example called Sherlock Holmes, Batman, or Lara Croft. The connections between these work-specific characters within transmedia character network could then be described as either relations of redundancy, relations of expansion, or relations of modification – with only redundancy and expansion allowing for medial representations of work-specific characters to contribute to the representation of a single transmedia character. In intersubjectively constructing characters across media, however, recipients will not only take into account powerful normative discourses that police the representation of characters across media but also draw on their accumulated knowledge about previously represented work-specific or transmedia characters as well as about transmedia character templates and even more general transmedia character types.
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Coe, Peter. "(Re)embracing social responsibility theory as a basis for media speech: shifting the normative paradigm for a modern media." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 69, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 403–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v69i4.186.
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Dave Egger’s fictional book The Circle tells the story of an all-powerful new media company of the same name that seeks to totally monopolise its market and remake the world in its image. To achieve this The Circle advocates the unregulated sharing of all information, at all times, regardless of its source and irrespective of the consequences for individuals, society and the state. Although the dystopian view of reality presented by the book is perhaps slightly extreme, it does not take any great leap of faith to see how we could all end up as ‘Circlers’, particularly because the underlying normative rationale that drives The Circle is what currently underpins online speech in reality. Libertarianism and the inherently libertarian arguments from truth and the marketplace of ideas have historically underpinned the notion of the Fourth Estate and have a ‘hold’ on First Amendment jurisprudence. In recent years, libertarianism has emerged as the de facto normative paradigm for internet and social media speech worldwide. Although the theory’s dominant position fits with the perceived ethos of social media platforms such as Facebook, its philosophical foundations are based on nineteenth and early twentieth-century means of communication. Consequently, as illustrated by issues such as filter bubbles and Facebook’s reaction to fake news (bringing in a third-party fact-checking company) which conflicts with the platform’s libertarian ideology, as well as the European Court of Human Rights consistently placing the argument from democracy at the heart of its Article 10 ECHR jurisprudence, rather than the argument from truth and marketplace of ideas, this normative framework is idealistic as opposed to being realistic. Therefore, it is not suitable for twenty-first-century free speech and the modern media, of which social media is no longer an outlier, but a central component. Thus, this paper advances the argument that a normative and philosophical framework for media speech, based on social responsibility theory and the argument from democratic self-governance, is more suitable for the modern media than libertarianism. Further, it justifies a coercive regulatory regime that also preserves media freedom.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Normative media theory"
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Teeple, Jamie Eric. "A Multidisciplinary Normative Evaluation of Media as an Educational Institution." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372859710.
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Link, Astrid. "Descriptive and normative aspects of the theory of legal pluralism : illustrated by problems of media regulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31170.
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This thesis explores the potential of the theory of legal pluralism. It examines the extent to which such a theory can contribute to an understanding of the regulatory crisis of the nation-state and serve as a point of departure for new regulatory approaches. A historical overview which looks at the disciplinary origins of legal pluralism is followed by an analysis of several legal pluralist concepts. This analysis serves as the basis for an elaboration of the descriptive and normative aspects of legal pluralism. The concept is compared with other social theories which are concerned with similar questions as legal pluralism. To illustrate the legal pluralist approach, same specific examples from the media sector are introduced. The thesis concludes by showing where a legal pluralist analysis might be appropriate and, moreover, how the theory can contribute to regulatory ways alternative to direct state intervention and market conceptions.
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Sörensen, Viktoria. "Ungdomars åsikter om kroppsideal i media : en enkätundersökning bland gymnasieelever." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15633.
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Dominerande kroppsideal är föränderliga över tid och kopplas till samhällets normer, attityder och kultur. Det ideal som dominerats längst är det kvinnliga smalhetsidealet och det manliga muskulösa kroppsidealet. Idag sprids bilden av den ”perfekta” kroppen snabbare än någonsin tidigare och genom media nås allt fler. Ungdomar är en särskilt känslig målgrupp för exponeringen av kroppsideal. Det åtråvärda kroppsidealen är idag kopplade till en ökad psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar där symtomen är bland annat; depression, ångest och ätstörningar. Som ett resultat av en förändrad attityd i samhället har ett nytt fenomen blivit allt vanligare. Fenomenet är bilder som visar upp kroppar som varierar i storlek och utseende. Även några företag har börjat använda sig av denna nya företeelse, för att göra upp med ouppnåeliga kroppsideal. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka gymnasieelevers åsikter om det nya fenomenet, för att undersöka om det möjligen kan användas som en hälsofrämjande insatts. En nätbaserad enkätstudie genomfördes där 28 gymnasieelever svarade. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av svarspersonerna hade en positiv attityd till bilder av ”vardagliga kroppar”. Studien visade slutligen att media kan användas som arena för att sända ut hälsofrämjande budskap. Resultatet visade även vikten av att avsändarna för budskapet kodar budskapet meningsfullt och presenterar det på ett sådant sätt så att målgruppen kan ta till sig budskapet.Dominating body ideal is changing over time and are related to community’s norms, attitudes and culture. The ideal that dominated longest for females is slenderness ideal and for the males, the muscular body ideal. Today spreads the image of the "perfect" body faster than ever before and through the media reaches out to more people. Young adolescents are a particularly vulnerable target group for the exposure of dominating body ideal. The normative body ideals is now linked to the increasing of mental illness among young people whose symptoms include; depression, anxiety and eating disorders. As a result of a change of attitude in society, a new phenomenon has become gradually common. The phenomenon is pictures that shows up bodies that varies in size and appearance. Although some companies have begun to make use of this new phenomenon, to make up with unattainable body ideals. The aim of the study was to explore high school students' opinions about the new phenomenon, to investigate whether it can possibly be used as a health-insert. A web-based questionnaire study was conducted in which 28 high school students responded. The results showed that the majority of the respondents had a positive attitude to images of "everyday bodies." The study last showed that the media can be used as an arena to send out health promotion messages. The result also showed the importance of the senders of the message encodes the message meaningful and presents it in a way so that the intended audience can understand the health message.
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Bengtner, Therese. "The Cambodian Curse : A field study on the role of journalists in modern Cambodia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108594.
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The title enlightens the difficulties of democratic transition that Cambodia experiences post Khmer Rouge. Media in transitional democracies is often described as a forced compromise between what is ideal and what is actually possible. This thesis aims to understand how political agency and technological advances have affected journalistic agency in a transitional democracy. Three research questions were decided upon: How do journalists in Cambodia perceive their role in a democratic transition? What restrictions and limitations do journalistic practices face in Cambodia? And how do journalists in Cambodia perceive the impact of social media on democratic development? A field study was conducted in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. For ten weeks, eight editors and journalists currently active in Cambodia were interviewed and observed in their working environment. Normative media theory and developmental democracy theory have been used to analyze and understand the material that was generated through a combination of unstructured observations and semi-structured qualitative research interviews. Important findings were that the complicated structures of transitional democracies make journalists take on different roles, from very collaborative to extremely radical. Their different stand on journalistic practices is a mixture of their own choice and the force of historical, political and social constraints. Political power players treat them differently, which further separates them and has led to a segregated journalistic community. Even though they seem to share the same fundamental ideal of what journalism should be journalists are therefor unlikely to cooperate. Social media has been a catalyst for change in democratic development in Cambodia. By offering a place for uncensored conversations it has given the opposition access to media. Social media has brought along many new dilemmas though and is probably more beneficial to journalistic development than to democratic development. There is a lack of tolerance of diversity in Cambodia due to the fragile state of democratic transition. Therefor the immediate and unrestricted ways of expression in social media partially works against creating the social capital necessary for consolidation – fully completed democratization.
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Moris, Karen. "Les médias en tant que mécanisme de gouvernance d'entreprise." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOE007.
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L’objectif de ce travail de recherche a été de contribuer à répondre à la question suivante : dans quelle mesure les médias constituent-ils un mécanisme de gouvernance d’entreprise ? Après avoir réalisé une revue de littérature, trois questions de recherche ont été formulées. Tout d’abord, la question du rôle de la presse en tant que mécanisme de gouvernance d’entreprise disciplinaire a été posée, puis, plus précisément, celle de son rôle en tant que mécanisme de gouvernance disciplinaire partenariale, et enfin celle de mécanisme de gouvernance normative au sens néo-institutionnel. Chaque question a fait l’objet d’un essai. Tout d’abord, l’efficacité de la presse dans la révélation des fraudes commises par les entreprises, avant qu’une autorité officielle ne la sanctionne, a été examinée au moyen de régressions logistiques et d’analyse d’articles de presse. Ensuite, l’influence de la presse sur les dirigeants du groupe Danone a été analysée, par une étude de cas, de 1996 à 2008. Enfin, une étude de cas portant sur les liens entre divers types de presse a permis d’étudier leur rôle et leur influence dans la normalisation et la diffusion d’idées et de pratiques en matière de gouvernance d’entreprise. Premièrement, l’efficacité de la presse en tant que mécanisme de gouvernance disciplinaire doit être relativisée. Sous l’hypothèse de maximisation de ses profits, la presse française choisit les entreprises qu’elle couvre et les fraudes qu’elle révèle. Elle est plutôt une presse informative qu’une presse investigatrice. La complémentarité des mécanismes de gouvernance est confortée comme facteur d’efficacité du système de gouvernance. Deuxièmement, la presse est un mécanisme efficient de gouvernance partenariale : elle parvient à inciter les dirigeants d’entreprise à chercher à créer de la valeur partenariale plutôt qu’actionnariale. Troisièmement, l’homogénéisation actuelle de formes organisationnelles concernant la gouvernance d’entreprise semble s’expliquer par le rôle de la presse en tant que mécanisme de gouvernance d’entreprise normative au sens néo-institutionnelThe objective of this research had to contribute to the question: are media a corporate governance mechanism ? After doing a literature review, three research questions were asked. First, the question about the role of press as a corporate governance disciplinary mechanism was asked, then as a corporate governance mechanism with a view to creating stakeholder value, lastly, as a corporate normative governance mechanism in a neo-institutional view. Each question was the subject of one essay. First, the efficiency of press to reveal frauds of firms before an official authority was analyzed. In this purpose, logistic regression and an examination of articles of press was done. Second, the influence of press on the Danone Group’s direction was studied with a case study between 1996 and 2008. Third, to understand the influence between several kinds of press and their role in the normalization and the circulation of ideas and practical experiences about corporate governance, a case study was done also. First, the efficiency of press as a corporate disciplinary mechanism is not always perfect. By assuming that press maximizes its profits, the French press chooses the firms to cover and the frauds to disclose. It’s more a press which informs as a press which investigates. The complementarity of corporate governance mechanisms is confirmed in the efficiency of the governance system. Second, press is an efficient mechanism in a stakeholder value creation perspective. It manages to influence CEOs to search to create stakeholder value rather than shareholder value. Third, currently we notice an homogenization of organizational forms about corporate governance. It could be explained by the role of press as a corporate governance normative mechanism in a neo-institutional perspective
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Schmiedl-Neuburg, Hilmar. "Normative Theorien der internationalen Beziehungen : eine vergleichende Inventur und Einordnung, Analyse und Kritik der normativen Theorien und Probleme internationaler Beziehungen /." Norderstedt : BoD, Books on Demand, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015002444&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Wang, Chao-Yu. "Rechtswissenschaft zwischen deontologischer und utilitaristischer Ethik : die Gleichursprünglichkeit von Effizienz und Gerechtigkeit im Rechtsdenken nach Hegel /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017539446&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Ugangu, Wilson. "Normative media theory and the rethinking of the role of the Kenyan media in a changing social economic context." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8606.
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This thesis, titled “Normative Media Theory and the Rethinking of the Role of
the Kenyan Media in a Changing Social Economic Context,” is a theoretical
study that discusses the role of normative media theory in shaping and guiding
debate on the role of the media and attendant policy making processes in a
changing Kenyan social economic context. This is done against the background
of acknowledgment of the general state of flux that characterizes normative
media theory in a postmodern, globalized and new media landscape.
The study thus extensively describes the Kenyan media landscape, with a view
to demonstrating how it has and is continuing to be transformed by a variety of
developments in the social economic set up of the Kenyan society. In order to
provide a theoretical basis for explaining these developments, the study then
indulges in an extensive theoretical discussion that presents a synthesis of
current arguments in the area of normative media theory. This discussion
fundamentally brings to the fore the challenges which characterizes normative
media theory in a changing social economic context and therefore the inability of
traditional normative theory to account for new developments in the media and
society in general. In an attempt to integrate normative media theory and practice, the study then
discusses (against the backdrop of theory) the views and opinions of key role
players in the Kenyan media landscape, in regard to how they perceive the role
of the media. Particular attention is given, inter alia, to matters such as media
ownership, media accountability processes, changing media and communication
technologies, a changing constitutional landscape, the role of the government in
the Kenyan media landscape, the place of African moral philosophy in explaining
the role of the media in Kenya, and the growth of local language radio. Finally, on the bases of theory, experiences from other parts of the world and the
views of key role players in the Kenyan media landscape, the study presents
several normative guidelines on how normative theory and media policy making in Kenya could meet each other, taking into account the changes occasioned by
globalization and the new media landscape. These proposals are essentially
made to enrich general debate on the role of the media in Kenya, as well as
attendant media policy making efforts.Communication
D.Litt. et Phil. (Communication)
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Musara, Lubombo. "Participatory communication for social change : normative validity and descriptive accuracy of stakeholder theory." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7980.
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There is consensus in the development communication field about community participation
being a holistic approach required to address social development challenges. Participatory
development, also known as another development, is considered invaluable in the social
change process. While participatory principles have enjoyed increasing influence over the
work of development organisations, there is still confusion as to what participation really is
and how it must be applied as an approach to social change. As a result, development in
(marginalized) communities has remained what I would call a Sisyphean task despite
tremendous funding and effort that is being put towards development. This study is motivated
by three factors relating to the practical and theoretical issues characterising participation.
First is the acknowledged lack of a consistent definition as well as inconsistencies
characterising the application of participation. The second factor is the contention that
participation has remained under theorised and the third is what can be arguably conceived as
the influence of stakeholder theory on development communication discourse. The focus of
this study is how a theory commonly used in the strategic communication field, the
stakeholder theory, applies to deliberate development communication efforts, particularly
how the theory sheds light on the concept of participation. It introduces and examines the
relevance of Edward Freeman‘s (1984) stakeholder theory in defining and applying
participation in social change initiatives. Three development agents namely OneVoice South
Africa (OVSA), The Valley Trust (TVT) and Drama for Aids Education (DramAidE) are
used as a case study of the concept of participation. The study begins with a critical
exploration of the complex participatory communication for social change narrative
discussing key ontological and epistemological assumptions as well as a pastiche of
approaches often reified as participation. It goes on to present a comprehensive review of the
stakeholder theory and its critique, followed by an exploration of how the three development
agents develop, implement and manage their respective participatory programmes. It
concludes by applying stakeholder theory to the analysis of these programmes to determine
whether the theory can be conceived as an accurate descriptive tool of the participation
process and if its normative tenets are valid to the process.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
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PODLEŠÁKOVÁ, Jana. "Vliv médií na sociální práci." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-253328.
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The thesis deals with the influence of media on social work. Emphasis is placed on the media and the ethical principles of mass communication. The aim is to explore the mechanisms that the media use to influence the recipients, which functions the media have in society, how we can classify recipients of media messages, what can influence the final form of communication, and whether the ethical principles of journalism and the ethical principles of social work have the same foundation so media can serve the fulfilment of the mission of social work. The work is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the characteristics of the media, the public and media communications. The basic concepts of media studies are mentioned. The second part focuses on the ethics of the media. A normative theory of media behaviour is introduced and also why it is important that the media should be responsible for their behaviour and their messages and should be controlled by ethical instruments have e. g. in the form of Ethical Code of Journalists in the Czech Republic. The third part is more focused on social work and clarifies the relationship between media and social work. The last part includes current topics that fall into social work activities and which are widely publicized. The aim is to interpret the behaviour of the media in relation to social work.
Books on the topic "Normative media theory"
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Moss-Wellington, Wyatt. Cognitive Film and Media Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197552889.001.0001.
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Cognitive Film and Media Ethics provides a grounding in the use of cognitive science to address key questions in film, television, and screen media ethics. This book extends prior works in cognitive media studies to answer normative and ethically prescriptive questions: what could make media morally good or bad, and what, then, are the respective responsibilities of media producers and consumers? Moss-Wellington makes a primary claim that normative propositions are a kind of rigor, in that they force media theorists to draw more active ought conclusions from descriptive is arguments. Cognitive Film and Media Ethics presents the rigors of normative reasoning, cognitive science, and consequentialist ethics as complementary, arguing that each seeks progressive elaboration on its own models of causality, and causal projections are crucial for any reflection on our moral responsibilities in the world. A hermeneutics of “ethical cognitivism” is applied in the latter half of the book, with each essay addressing a different case study in film, television, news, and social media: cinema that sets out to inspire moral dissonance in the viewer, satirical and humorous depictions of family drama in film and television, the politics of the romantic comedy, formal aspects of screen media bullying in an era dubbed the “television renaissance,” and contemporary problems in the conflation of news and social media. Cognitive Film and Media Ethics synthesizes current research in social psychology, anthropology, memory studies, emotion and cognition, personality and media selection, and evolutionary biology, integrating wide-ranging concepts from the various disciplines that make up cognitive theory to provide new vantages on the applied ethics of film and screen media.
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Gordon, Gregory S. Problems Regarding the Crime of Direct and Public Incitement to Commit Genocide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190612689.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 reveals the intrinsic ambiguity and incoherence within the incitement to genocide framework. It identifies four primary problems with the framework, as laid out in the ICTR foundational cases: (1) inadequate explanation of the scope of the “direct” element; (2) a deficient definition of the “public” criterion; (3) failure to identify the essential components of “incitement”; and (4) an inconsistent and incoherent treatment of “causation.” Moreover, the Media Case Trial Chamber judgment offered a basic doctrinal base to which, in theory, future decisions could return as a point of repair and build on as a platform for incitement’s normative development. Unfortunately, as this chapter demonstrates, subsequent cases, including Mugesera v. Canada (2005), the Media Case Appeals Chamber judgment (2007), and Prosecutor v. Bikindi (2008), have failed to do that. Thus, the current iteration of incitement fails to promote deterrence and could be manipulated by authoritarian governments to suppress legitimate expression.
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Nir, Lilach. Disagreement in Political Discussion. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.013.
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Normative theory extols the virtues of disagreement to democracy, but evidence to support these suppositions is somewhat mixed. This chapter reviews the empirical literature on exposure to disagreement that occurs in ordinary political conversations among citizens. After outlining conceptual distinctions and operational definitions in the literature, the main section highlights both the agreed-upon and contested findings on the consequences of disagreement, including opinion quality, political tolerance, attitudinal ambivalence, knowledge gains, polarization, and participatory outcomes. The concluding section points to unanswered questions and proposes several directions for future research on disagreement. These include exploring factors that shape receptivity to disagreement, such as individual differences, situational cues, the content of verbal exchanges, and cross-national differences in political institutions, media systems, or cultural preference for outspokenness.
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Prinzing, Marlis, Bernhard S. Debatin, and Nina Köberer, eds. Kommunikations- und Medienethik reloaded? Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748905158.
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Media environments and public communication are becoming increasingly digital, and the coronavirus crisis has accelerated this development. The changes connected to this relate to key ethical values and norms, such as informational autonomy, privacy and transparency. This not only demands an empirically based discourse underpinned by theory, but also consideration of what courses of action may result from this and, from a normative perspective, what recommendations for action can be formulated. Media and communication ethics is thus confronted with some fundamental questions: Are its existing concepts and models still viable in the face of these digitally induced changes? Should they be altered or expanded? Where should this ‘reloading’ start? The contributions in this book develop important guidelines in this respect, for example on ethical demands on innovations and on truth and our world view in this post-factual society. With contributions by Klaus-Dieter Altmeppen, Christian Augustin Christoph Bieber, Roger Blum, Ekkehard Brüggemann Bernhard Debatin, Tobias Eberwein, Rainer Erlinger, Daniel Fiene, Alexander Filipović, Andrea Günter, Matthias Karmasin, Nina Köberer, Larissa Krainer, Geert Lovink, Colin Porlezza, Marlis Prinzing, Matthias Rath, Pierre Rieder, Christian Schicha, Josephine B. Schmitt, Sonja Schwetje, Saskia Sell, Ingrid Stapf, Hansi Voigt, Thomas Zeilinger and Marc Ziegele.
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Schudson, Michael. How to Think Normatively About News and Democracy. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.73.
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Journalism serves multiple democratic functions identified here as information, investigation, analysis, social empathy, public forum, mobilization, and democratic education. All help make representative democracy a better system than direct democracy and not just an attenuated direct democracy. New thinking in political theory emphasizes this and insists that the agents of representation in modern democracy are not just legislatures but a wide variety of civil society monitors of government, including of course the press, whose role in defining contemporary democracy deserves more attention in the effort to place the news media’s democratic role in perspective. Within this framework, an attempt is made to outline criteria for assessing the adequacy of the news media for serving democracy. These include not only the much studied and counted legal and political guarantees of freedom but also journalistic professionalism and values, diversity of perspectives available in the news system, and access to government information.
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Maia, Rousiley C. M. Politicization, New Media, and Everyday Deliberation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748977.003.0004.
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This chapter investigates ‘everyday talk’ within the deliberative system. The democratic potential of everyday talk is assessed against the normative criteria of deliberation and then with reference to the politicizing and depoliticizing effects of this practice. Against scholars who argue that government-focused forums and mini-publics are internally more democratic than broader processes of everyday discussion in the public sphere, this chapter contends that there is no space that is intrinsically more deliberative than any other, especially when seen from a network of governance. This chapter argues that connections across governmental networks and social spaces are more intricate in an increasingly hybrid media environment. Everyday talk is becoming ever more important for helping citizens to discover problems that may otherwise remain hidden or consigned to the realm of fate or necessity, converting topics of conversation into issues of broader public concern, and criticizing and demanding review of certain political decisions.
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Jamil, Ghazala. Accumulation by Segregation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199470655.001.0001.
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Through an ethnographic exploration of everyday life infused with Marxist urbanism and critical theory, this work charts out the changes taking place in Muslim neighbourhoods in Delhi in the backdrop of rapid urbanization and capitalist globalization. It argues that there is an implicit materialist logic in prejudice and segregation experienced by Muslims. Further, it finds that different classes within Muslims are treated differentially in the discriminatory process. The resultant spatial ‘diversity’ and differentiation this gives rise to among the Muslim neighbourhoods creates an illusion of ‘choice’ but in reality, the flexibility of the confining boundaries only serve to make these stronger and shatterproof. It is asserted that while there is no attempt at integration of Muslims socially and spatially, from within the structures of urban governance, it would be a fallacy to say that the state is absent from within these segregated enclaves. The disciplinary state, neo-liberal processes of globalization, and the discursive practices such as news media, cinema, social science research, combine together to produce a hegemonic effect in which stereotyped representations are continually employed uncritically and erroneously to prevent genuine attempts at developing specific and nuanced understanding of the situation of urban Muslims in India. The book finds that the exclusion of Muslims spatially and socially is a complex process containing contradictory elements that have reduced Indian Muslims to being ‘normative’ non-citizens and homo sacer whose legal status is not an equal claim to citizenship. The book also includes an account of the way in which residents of these segregated Muslim enclaves are finding ways to build hope in their lives.
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Juffer, Jane. Don't Use Your Words! NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479831746.001.0001.
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Don’t Use Your Words! argues that the discourse of “emotional management” across educational, therapeutic, and media sites aimed at young children valorizes the naming of certain (accepted) emotions in the interest of containing affective expressions that don’t conform to the normative notion of growing up. A therapeutic discourse has become prevalent in media produced for children in the U.S.—organizing storylines to help them name and manage their feelings, a process that weakens the intensity and range of those feelings, especially their expression through the body. Both through the appropriation of these media texts and the production of their own culture, kids resist these emotional categorizations, creating an “archive of feeling” that this book documents. Taking a cultural studies approach, the book analyzes a variety of cultural productions by kids between the ages of five and nine: drawings by Central American refugee children; letters and pictures by kids in response to the Trump victory; observations of a Montessori classroom; tweets from a Syrian child; Tumblr fanart; kids’ television reviews from Common Sense Media; dozens of YouTube videos; and observations of kids playing the popular games Minecraft and Roblox. I show how kids talk to each other across these media by referencing memes, songs, and movements, constructing a common vernacular that departs from normative conceptions of growing up. This book asks: what does it feel like to be a kid? And why do so many policy makers, parents, and pedagogues treat feelings as something to be managed and translated?
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Kishore, Shweta. Indian Documentary Film and Filmmakers. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433068.001.0001.
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Independent documentary is enjoying a resurgence in post-reform India. But in contemporary cinema and media cultures, where ‘independent’ operates as an industry genre or critical category, how do we understand the significance of this mode of cultural production? Based on detailed onsite observation of documentary production, circulation practices and the analysis of film texts, this book identifies independence as a 'tactical practice’, contesting the normative definitions and functions assigned to culture, cultural production and producers in a neoliberal economic system. Focusing on selected filmmakers, the book establishes how they have reorganised the dominance of industrial media, technology and social relations to develop practices that build upon principles of de-economisation, artisanship and interdependence.
Book chapters on the topic "Normative media theory"
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Sierocka, Beata. "Toward a Normative Media Theory." In Communicating Aggression in a Megamedia World, 99–112. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003126867-13.
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Moss-Wellington, Wyatt. "Introduction." In Cognitive Film and Media Ethics, 1–10. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197552889.003.0001.
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This introduction lays out the book’s foundational philosophies and scope. It makes a case for the ways in which current metaethical trends in cognitive media theory could be extended to more normative and prescriptive goals, and explains how our inherent acts of moral evaluation in media engagement could be refined using the resources of cognitive science. Normativity, in the pressure it puts on theorists to ask “so what?” and to explain the practical applications of their knowledge, is positioned as a rigor that can be brought to current theories of film and screen media. The chapter considers foundational problems in drawing prescriptive ethics from scientific descriptions of the world, addresses the political and cultural challenges to a normative approach, and establishes key themes that will be explored throughout the book.
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Omwoha, Joyce. "The Political Significance and Influence of Talk Radio Debates in Kenya." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 75–96. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9613-6.ch006.
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Dahlberg (2013) identifies mediated networks of daily rational debates across political divides and the imagined or actual norm that is implicit in all debates as two strands of Habermasian public sphere definitions. The ‘normative' aspect of Habermas' public sphere theory is particularly relevant to this chapter because of its wide use in the analysis of communicative practice in democratic processes (Dahlberg 2013:4). Talk radio shows, as mediated spheres identified by Dahlberg, act as public spheres for carrying out various debates. Through Dahlberg's assertion, this chapter will interrogate the concept of good governance with reference to participation by the public, transparency and accountability by the government to the public and how these aspects are likely to enhance fundamental democratic practices and their ultimate involvement in governing of the country. The chapter uses Jürgen Habermas' theory of the public sphere to demonstrate the importance of the application of the concept in the critical appreciation of the role of talk radio in Kenya's democratization. In Kenya's public sphere, Jambo Kenya, a talk radio program aired on Radio Citizen, will be used in seeking out the role of talk radio as a public sphere. Jambo Kenya is arguably a program that acts as a relevant forum that carries out rational debates on fundamental democratic practices. These practices, as articulated in the program's themes include freedom of expression, the informed and the not- so-informed participants, right of access to public information, rule of law, checks and balances on power, human rights, and respect for minorities in the society, nationhood, citizenship, corruption and their ultimate involvement in governing of the country. To effectively investigate the content mediated by Jambo Kenya, this chapter will not only focus on the content surrounding the legitimacy of government but also the effectiveness of government by focusing on issues of abuse of power and corruption as impediments to democracy.
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Curato, Nicole. "Responding to the Unspeakable." In Democracy in a Time of Misery, 14–32. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842484.003.0002.
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This chapter makes a case for a multimodal account of discursive participation. In the context of tragedies where collective suffering is unspeakable, deliberative democratic theory should be sensitive to political claim-making that go beyond linguistic forms of expression. The chapter puts forward some examples of claim-making that go beyond voice, as well as practices of responsiveness that act on these political claims. To recognize that there are many forms of claim-making, however, is not enough. For deliberative democratic theory to maintain its critical bite, pluralizing norms of discursive participation must remain anchored on clear ethical commitments. The chapter draws on normative media theory’s concept of agonistic solidarity as a guidepost to assess democratic practice amidst spectacular tragedies.
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Hough, Mike. "Introduction." In Good Policing, 1–12. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447355076.003.0001.
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The introduction first describes the policy context in which discussions of policing take place, and the tendency for politicians and the media to see crime problems – and solutions – within a simplistic deterrence framework which rappeals to provides some context for a discussion of good policing. It then summarises the book’s arguments in brief. It moves on to characterise procedural justice theory as offering both a descriptive account of how legitimacy is built (or lost) and a normative theory about what good policing looks like. It traces similarities between procedural justice theory and other approaches such as ‘responsive regulation’. It describes how procedural justice theory relates to other theories of policing. The chapter ends by describing the content of the remaining chapters.
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Vergara, Camila. "Populism: Plebeian Power against Oligarchy." In Constituent Power, 183–98. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474454971.003.0012.
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The term populism has recently gone viral, being attached to disparate leaders and groups appealing to ‘the people.’ While mass media has labelled leaders from Bernie Sanders and Jeremy Corbyn to Donald Trump and Marie Le Pen as populists — even if for different reasons — academia has been unable to determine if populism is a democratic or antidemocratic force. This chapter refutes the latest rebranding of populism as an anti-pluralist, exclusionary form of politics, and argues to redraw the contours of the concept against an Arendtian conception of totalitarianism, by understanding populism normatively, as grounded on a plebeian ideology of emancipation. Engaging with republican thought, I propose a normative theory of populism as a form of politics aimed at emancipating and empowering the people-as-plebs against increasing oligarchic domination. I argue that modern populism is an electoral type of plebeian politics born out of the politicization of inequality and aimed at reforming liberal democracies to increase popular welfare and power within the governing structure. I contrast this republican conception of populism to totalitarianism, arguing that populist and totalitarian forms of politics are two different responses to crisis that should remain distinct.
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Andriakaina, Eleni. "Public History and National Identity." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 56–79. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0212-8.ch005.
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In 2011, while the causes of Greek “crisis” started becoming the subject of public controversy, a documentary series aired on Skai channel vowing to challenge nationalist and populist accounts of the 1821 Revolution. By popularizing the main arguments of modernization theory, the “1821” documentary approached the past through the lens of “Cultural dualism” – the clash between a ‘reformist' and an ‘underdog' culture – and operated as a metaphor for contemporary Greece. Via the study of the media spectacle and the ways the history of 1821 goes public, historical inquiry can reflect on the normative/descriptive complex of rival historical narratives, exercise itself in perspectival seeing and self-reflexivity and move towards a history of the present.
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Moss-Wellington, Wyatt. "Cognitive Media Ethics." In Cognitive Film and Media Ethics, 13–39. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197552889.003.0002.
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This chapter surveys a breadth of approaches to the ethics of film and other narrative media, both contemporary and historic, and positions them in relation to developments in cognitive media ethics. These include cine-ethics and film philosophy, phenomenological approaches, literary ethics and hermeneutics, notions of aesthetic autonomy, and ethics in narratology. The contributions and challenges of each approach are summarized, as are their uses in the development of a normative ethics for cognitive media studies. Throughout this chapter, a case emerges for the complementary, elaborative rigors of cognitive science, normative ethics, and consequentialism. The chapter concludes by indicating how methods for analysis developed at the center of these areas of study will inform the remainder of the book.
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Wasserman, Herman. "Characterizing Conflict, Defining the Media." In The Ethics of Engagement, 21–48. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190917333.003.0002.
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This chapter clarifies key concepts and theoretical frameworks and explains how they will be used to build the book’s central arguments. The chapter asks questions such as: What is meant by “the media”? How is conflict defined? What are the links between media and conflict? Is there a causal relationship between the mediatization of conflict and its outcomes? The chapter also introduces the question of the applicability of normative frameworks inherited from established Western democracies to African societies going through transitions from authoritarianism to democracy. The relationship between media, conflict, and democratization is a complex one that can be approached from different angles. This chapter considers three of these angles—the critical perspective, the contestation perspective, and the cultural perspective.
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Sun, Huatong. "Weibo of China." In Global Social Media Design, 115–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845582.003.0006.
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This chapter studies the design case of Weibo from China and explores how a local social media service, which at first was regarded as a copycat of a Silicon Valley technology, arose in the Chinese social media market and beat its Western competitor on Wall Street with its culturally sensitive design features. It reviews Weibo’s two stages of development to explore the complicacy of technology design and the dynamic and dialogical structuring process behind the formation of a technological genre for microblogging. Through the case, it unpacks three sensitizing concepts of the culturally localized user engagement and empowerment (CLUE2) framework for coming up with empowering global designs: a genre of technology as normative and performative practice, a dialogic model of communication, and hybridity as creative mixing for empowerment. Together they outline a pathway to connect the macro and the micro in cross-cultural design: A rhetorical genre view helps us to see how a culturally sustaining technology functions as a technological genre, instantiating both normative and performative practice as local uptakes. The local uptake develops and evolves by following a dialogic model of communication in design practices to generate new meanings and produce new practices, and it forms through the process of hybridization as a creative mixing for agency. Various local uptakes make up an open, globally networked technology assemblage with dialogic relations flowing between.
Conference papers on the topic "Normative media theory"
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Barinov, Evgeny, Nadezhda Dobrovolskaya, Anastasia Ivanova, Ruslan Kalinin, Alexander Manin, Natalya Mikheeva, and Pavel Romodanovsky. "Patient dissatisfaction with medical dental care." In Issues of determining the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of the impact of a biological factor. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/conferencearticle_5fdcb03a353ad3.76128786.
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The article provides information on the results of studying the materials of 150 commission of forensic medical examinations on the facts of patient dissatisfaction with the provision of medical care. The relevance of the problem of the legal relationship between a doctor and a patient is revealed and shown. The lack of information on these issues leads to a high probability of disputed situations in the providing dental care, so there is an urgent need for an integrated approach to the implementation of legally defined rights of patients. Media coverage of the above-mentioned problems plays an important role in improving the level of legal competence of patients. At the same time, the direct relationship between the doctor and the patient is the most important mechanism for implementing the patient's rights at the dental appointment and preventing conflicts. Behavior of doctors in such cases should be strictly regulated by normative legal acts. The process of information sharing with patients and transfer of information to the patient's relatives should receive in medical preventive institution specific legal basis under sections 30, 31, 48, 61 “Principles of legislation of the Russian Federation about health protection of citizens”, to be fixed in job descriptions with the designation of responsibility.
Reports on the topic "Normative media theory"
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Martínez, Déborah, Cristina Parilli, Carlos Scartascini, and Alberto Simpser. Let's (Not) Get Together!: The Role of Social Norms in Social Distancing during COVID-19. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003044.
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While effective preventive measures against COVID-19 are now widely known, many individuals fail to adopt them. This paper provides experimental evidence about one potentially important driver of compliance with social distancing: social norms. We asked each of 23,000 survey respondents in Mexico to predict how a fictional person would behave when faced with the choice about whether or not to attend a friend's birthday gathering. Every respondent was randomly assigned to one of four social norms conditions. Expecting that other people would attend the gathering and/or believing that other people approved of attending the gathering both increased the predicted probability that the fictional character would attend the gathering by 25% in comparison with a scenario where other people were not expected to attend nor to approve of attending. Our results speak to the potential effects of communication campaigns and media coverage of, compliance with, and normative views about COVID-19 preventive measures. They also suggest that policies aimed at modifying social norms or making existing ones salient could impact compliance.