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Nyre, Lars. "Normative Media Research." Nordicom Review 30, no. 2 (November 1, 2009): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0148.
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Abstract The article enquires about the role of researchers in an era of increasingly competitive innovation in the media industry. I argue that research-driven change in the mass media is possible, and that there should be more of it in the future. More democratic participation in mass media is the issue that most urgently needs to be resolved, and in Part II I will point out a possible strategy of reformation in the field. The article is a form of meta-theory or ‘theory of science’, and it zooms in on the normative attitude of the social researcher towards the larger society. The first part is a history of normativity in modern American and European social science from the 1920s onwards, with a focus on media studies. It sets the background for a framework for instructive media research, that is, research in which a normative goal is pursued with all the tools that social research can legitimately apply. I present three sectors of the media that can be directly and indirectly controlled by the researcher: the media’s technical platforms, their editorial procedures, and citizens’ participation in the media.
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Abdullah, Noor Aziah, and Rohana Mijan. "MALAYSIA AND CHINA MEDIA SYSTEM COMPARISON BASED ON MCQUAIL THEORY." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 4, no. 17 (December 29, 2019): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.417008.
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The concept of media systems in the twentieth century cannot be applied to the idea of media systems in the 21st century. As the media system is dominated by the Four Press Theory (Siebert et al. 1956), a new theory has been developed in line with the development of media technology, McQuail's Media Normative Theory (2010). McQuail's Media Normative Theory (2010) introduces four media system models, a liberal pluralist or market model, social responsibility or public interest model, a professional media model / a professional model and an alternative media system model. Alternative media model '. As such, this paper aims to draw comparisons between the current model of the Malaysian media system and China, based on the variables of independence, government intervention and control over recent research.
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Fourie, Pieter J. "Normative media theory in the digital media landscape: frommedia ethicstoethical communication." Communicatio 43, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2017.1331927.
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Kent, Michael L., and Chaoyuan Li. "Toward a normative social media theory for public relations." Public Relations Review 46, no. 1 (March 2020): 101857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.101857.
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Spence, Edward Howlett. "The sixth estate: tech media corruption in the age of information." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 18, no. 4 (March 6, 2020): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-02-2020-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how some of the information and communication practices of the Tech Media and specifically of Facebook, constitute media corruption. The paper will examine what the professional role of Facebook is regarding its information/communication practices and then demonstrate that Facebook is essentially a media company and not merely a “platform,” therefore liable to the same normative responsibilities as other media companies. Design/methodology/approach Applying the dual obligation information theory (DOIT), a normative information and communication theory that applies generally to all media companies that disseminate and share information, the paper demonstrates that Facebook’s role of mediating and curating the information of its users places upon it a normative editing responsibility, to ensure both the preventive detection and corrective editing of fake news, as well as other forms of misinformation disseminated on its platform. Finally, applying a philosophical model of media corruption the paper will demonstrate that Facebook’s role in the Cambridge Analytica case was not only unethical but moreover, constituted media corruption. Findings The paper concludes that Facebook’s media corruption illustrated in the Cambridge Analytica case is not a one-off case but the result of a systemic and inherent conflict of interest between its business model of selling users’ information to advertisers and its normative media role rendering the conflict of interest between those two roles conducive to media corruption. Originality/value The paper's originality is twofold. It demonstrates that Facebook is a media company normatively accountable on the basis of an original theory the DOIT and moreover, on the basis of an original media corruption theory its actions in the Cambridge Analytica case constituted media corruption.
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Poepsel, Mark, and Chad Painter. "Alternative media and normative theory: A case of Ferguson, Missouri." CM: Communication and Media 11, no. 38 (2016): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/comman11-9615.
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Ugangu, Wilson, and Pieter Fourie. "Linking normative theory to media policy-making: A case study of Kenya." Journal of African Media Studies 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams.6.3.265_1.
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Moss, Giles. "Media, capabilities, and justification." Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 1 (April 24, 2017): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443717704998.
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In this article, I evaluate the use of the ‘capability approach’ developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum as a normative perspective for critical media research. The concept of capabilities provides a valuable way of assessing media and captures important aspects of the relationship between media and equality. However, following Rainer Forst’s critique of outcome-oriented approaches to justice, I argue that the concept is less well placed to address important questions of power and process. In particular, when it comes to deciding which capabilities media should promote and what media structures and practices should promote them, the capability approach must accept the priority of deliberative and democratic processes of justification. Once we do this, we are urged to situate the concept of capabilities within a more process-oriented view of justice, focused not on capabilities as such but on outlining the conditions required to support such justificatory processes. After discussing the capability approach, I will outline the process-oriented theory of justice Forst has developed around the idea of the ‘right to justification’. While Forst does not discuss media in depth, I argue his theory of justice can provide a valuable alternative normative standpoint for critical media research.
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Thon, Jan-Noël. "Transmedia characters: Theory and analysis." Frontiers of Narrative Studies 5, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 176–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fns-2019-0012.
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AbstractThis article sketches a theoretical framework and method for the analysis of transmedia characters that focuses on specific instantiations of these characters in individual media texts, before asking how these local work-specific characters relate to other local work-specific characters or coalesce into glocal transmedia characters as part of global transmedia character networks, thus evading what one could consider an undue emphasis on the “model of the single character” when analyzing the various characters that are, for example called Sherlock Holmes, Batman, or Lara Croft. The connections between these work-specific characters within transmedia character network could then be described as either relations of redundancy, relations of expansion, or relations of modification – with only redundancy and expansion allowing for medial representations of work-specific characters to contribute to the representation of a single transmedia character. In intersubjectively constructing characters across media, however, recipients will not only take into account powerful normative discourses that police the representation of characters across media but also draw on their accumulated knowledge about previously represented work-specific or transmedia characters as well as about transmedia character templates and even more general transmedia character types.
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Coe, Peter. "(Re)embracing social responsibility theory as a basis for media speech: shifting the normative paradigm for a modern media." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 69, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 403–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v69i4.186.
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Dave Egger’s fictional book The Circle tells the story of an all-powerful new media company of the same name that seeks to totally monopolise its market and remake the world in its image. To achieve this The Circle advocates the unregulated sharing of all information, at all times, regardless of its source and irrespective of the consequences for individuals, society and the state. Although the dystopian view of reality presented by the book is perhaps slightly extreme, it does not take any great leap of faith to see how we could all end up as ‘Circlers’, particularly because the underlying normative rationale that drives The Circle is what currently underpins online speech in reality. Libertarianism and the inherently libertarian arguments from truth and the marketplace of ideas have historically underpinned the notion of the Fourth Estate and have a ‘hold’ on First Amendment jurisprudence. In recent years, libertarianism has emerged as the de facto normative paradigm for internet and social media speech worldwide. Although the theory’s dominant position fits with the perceived ethos of social media platforms such as Facebook, its philosophical foundations are based on nineteenth and early twentieth-century means of communication. Consequently, as illustrated by issues such as filter bubbles and Facebook’s reaction to fake news (bringing in a third-party fact-checking company) which conflicts with the platform’s libertarian ideology, as well as the European Court of Human Rights consistently placing the argument from democracy at the heart of its Article 10 ECHR jurisprudence, rather than the argument from truth and marketplace of ideas, this normative framework is idealistic as opposed to being realistic. Therefore, it is not suitable for twenty-first-century free speech and the modern media, of which social media is no longer an outlier, but a central component. Thus, this paper advances the argument that a normative and philosophical framework for media speech, based on social responsibility theory and the argument from democratic self-governance, is more suitable for the modern media than libertarianism. Further, it justifies a coercive regulatory regime that also preserves media freedom.
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Bingham, Christopher M. "Talking about Twitch: Dropped Frames and a normative theory of new media production." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 26, no. 2 (November 15, 2017): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856517736974.
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Twitch is an online video distribution platform that allows users to broadcast live video of themselves playing videogames. This distribution infrastructure includes features that allow viewers to financially support their favorite Twitch streamers, creating a new type of media professional: the entrepreneurial Twitch streamer. Like other professionals, Twitch streamers meet regularly to discuss the profession and business of live streaming. This article applies critical discourse analysis to one such venue for insider dialogue on professional Twitch streaming: the weekly talk show, Dropped Frames. On this program, professional broadcasters discuss many aspects of their career, such as Twitch’s corporate presence, production technology, the time and effort required to stream, precarity, their relationship to their community, the data they use to run their channels, the games they play, and their relationship to game developers. Speech within these empirically present categories demonstrates an underlying set of common assumptions about how the streaming industry should function. In other words, professional Twitch broadcasters develop a normative theory of streaming practice that is expressed in their speech. I argue that through their speech, professional Twitch streamers demonstrate a theoretical understanding of professional streaming that is based on their ability to negotiate uncertainty and the responsibility they feel for their communities.
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Rodny-Gumede, Ylva. "Expanding comparative media systems analysis from transitional to postcolonial societies." International Communication Gazette 82, no. 7 (January 23, 2020): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048519897515.
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Comparative media systems theory has failed to pronounce on trajectories of media development in postcolonial societies in a meaningful way, as media development in postcolonial societies has been analysed from within normative liberal frameworks emanating from North America and Western Europe and later transitional societies in Eastern Europe and East Asia, societies with histories quite separate from the Colonial heritage and legacies that have, and keep, influencing the media–politics nexus in many postcolonial societies. To expand the analysis of media development in postcolonial societies, postcolonial studies have much to add to comparative media systems analysis, not only to expand the analysis beyond the global North but also for the analysis of global disruptions that are challenging normative models of media systems analysis.
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Ponono, Mvuzo. "Considering the Marginalisation of Majority Groups: Injecting Subaltern Studies Insights into Normative Media Theory." Communicatio 45, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2018.1557724.
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Fourie, Pieter J. "Moral philosophy as the foundation of normative media theory: The case of African Ubuntuism." Communications 32, no. 1 (January 20, 2007): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/commun.2007.001.
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Partyko, Zinovii. "FACTOR OF INFLUENCE IN NORMATIVE THEORIES OF JOURNALISM." Social Communications: Theory and Practice 12, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51423/2524-0471-2021-12-1-5.
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The purposeof the article is to determine whether the information of any media messages received by recipients may not affect them.Research methods: a) modeling (to reproduce the information processingof messagesby recipients); b) logical method (to prove the thesis); c) comparison (to compare the obtained result with the literature data).Resultsof the research. Modern so-called normative theories of journalism (authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, Soviet totalitarian) assumethat journalists, news agencies and the media should only "inform", but in no way influence the recipients. In this regard, there are such types of influence as energy, information and psychological. Then, based on the basic tenets of cybernetics, physics, information theory, mathematical statistics and psychology, the method of logical proof concludes that any messages perceived by recipients have all three types of influence on them, which can not beavoided.Conclusions.1. Any information perceived by recipients affects them energetically, informationally and psychologically. 2. In modern so-called normative theories of journalism, the provision that information providers (journalists, news agencies, mass media) are obliged only to "inform" recipients, without exerting any influence on them, should be considered erroneous. Therefore, in this segment, the relevant provisions of these theories of journalism require proper correction. 3. Instead, in theories of journalism, and more broadly -the media, it is correct to say that the impact of messages depends on the type of communication, growing in the direction from journalism to public relations, advertising, propaganda and information wars.
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Pember, Sarah E., Xueying Zhang, Kim Baker, and Kim Bissell. "Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Uses and Gratifications Theory to Food-Related Photo-Sharing on Social Media." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v16i1.2128.
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Background and Purpose: Food-related photos are prolific on social media, but little is known about user motivations for sharing food photos. While food brands have begun to strategically utilize social media to target consumers and their eating behaviors, health promotion practitioners have made less concerted efforts in this area, perhaps because there is little research into the motivations and rewards for sharing food-related photos online. This study applies the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Uses and Gratifications (U & G) Theory to food-related social media photo sharing, thus, laying groundwork for future investigations of image-based nutrition education messaging. Methods: An online survey designed within the framework of the TPB and U&G was administered to both a community population and that of a large, Southeastern university (N = 478). Results: Attitudes were generally positive toward the behavior, and, within the TPB, the only significant predictor of intention to share food-related photos on social media. Primary motives for posting were entertainment and personal utility, while those for viewing others’ posts were entertainment and information-seeking. Conclusions: Food-photo sharing is a positive, socially normative behavior through which users gather information in an entertaining way, making social media prime tools for communicating healthy eating image-based messages.
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Dijkstra, Anne, Maaike M. Roefs, and Constance H. C. Drossaert. "The science-media interaction in biomedical research in the Netherlands. Opinions of scientists and journalists on the science-media relationship." Journal of Science Communication 14, no. 02 (May 7, 2015): A03. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.14020203.
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Scientists’ participation in science communication and public engagement activities is considered important and a duty. However, in particular, the science-media relationship has not been studied frequently. In this paper, we present findings from interviews with both scientists and journalists which were guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. Results show that different behavioural, normative and control beliefs underlie scientists’ and journalists’ participation in science-media interactions. Both groups are positive about science-media interactions, but scientists perceive various disadvantages in this relationship while journalists perceive mainly practical barriers. Enhancing mutual understanding and further research is suggested.
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Bratton, Darrell, and Val Candy. "Federal Government Ethics: Social Media." International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) 17, no. 3 (May 24, 2013): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v17i3.7866.
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The federal government has not escaped the increasing worldwide useof social networking. Federal employees are using social networks (socialmedia) for personal and professional reasons and leadership and management arewrestling with the ethical implications.The role of ethical theory and practice in the global businessenvironment is discoursed from the federal governments vantage point withrespect to social networking. Given thehistory of federal government officials and employees acting in an unethicalmanner, multiple normative ethical theories are investigated. The leadership is examined with a utilitarianlens and non-management employees are studied from the Kantianperspective. Additionally, virtue ethicsare discussed as a counter argument to the aforementioned theories. Cultural intelligence is discussed as havingreciprocal relationship with the multicultural and global aspect of socialnetworking. It is argued that ethicalintelligence needs to be created to support the minimum requirement of a codeof ethics for federal employees to follow when using social networking.
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Hesmondhalgh, David. "Capitalism and the media: moral economy, well-being and capabilities." Media, Culture & Society 39, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443716643153.
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This article aims to contribute to the renewal of consideration of media and culture under capitalism, by seeking solid normative foundations for critique via various compatible elements: moral economy, well-being understood as flourishing and Sen and Nussbaum’s capabilities approach. Insufficient attention has been paid to normative and conceptual issues concerning capitalism, media and culture. Moral economy approaches might help fill this gap by valuably providing a richly critical ethics-based approach, drawing on political economy, cultural studies and social theory. Two further concepts, compatible with moral economy, can reinvigorate and renew critique of capitalism, media and culture. The first is a particular (Aristotelian) conception of well-being, understood as flourishing. This is outlined, and its potential contribution to critique of media and culture under capitalism is explicated. The second concept is capabilities, which can provide a basis for dealing with different understandings of flourishing. The article outlines the capabilities approach, analyses rare applications of it to media and culture, and explains how these applications might be built upon, by developing Nussbaum’s work in a way that could ground critique in an understanding of the potential value of media and culture in contributing to people’s flourishing.
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Paek, Hye-Jin, Hyun Jung Oh, and Thomas Hove. "How Media Campaigns Influence Children's Physical Activity: Expanding the Normative Mechanisms of the Theory of Planned Behavior." Journal of Health Communication 17, no. 8 (September 2012): 869–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.650832.
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Khariri, Khariri. "Menggagas Fikih Media Sosial." Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v0i1.2123.
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The development in the field of information technology in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 was so rapid. However, there are many negative findings from the use of social media, such as hoaxes, utterances of hatred, slander, etc. This requires a more contextual study of Islamic law (fiqh) and is able to answer what is the demand of the times, especially the phenomenon of social media. In carrying out the formulation of Islamic law, there are two methods of reasoning used, namely normative-deductive and empirical-inductive, so that the resulting laws can be in accordance with the demands of the community. Therefore, the idea of social media fiqh is to make an effort to find the maqāṣid al-syarī’ah (legal purpose) in the use of social media. By using the theory of sadd al-żarī’ah analysis, this study sought formulation of Islamic law in order to be a solution in the times. This theory is used to explore various problems that have occurred in the development of communication on social media. In addition, this study attempts to trace the exclusion (istinbāṭ) of the law in formulating the fiqh of social media with the Uṣūl al-Fiqh approach and the social history of Islamic law. The work of this research is inseparable from the two legal provisions that have been formulated before, namely the MUI fatwa on Social Media and the Law of Information and Electronic Transaction.
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Buchori, Masad Masrur. "Kajian Media Terhadap Pemberitaan Proses Legislasi Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja." Jurnal Komunikasi Nusantara 3, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/jkn.v3i1.70.
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The agenda setting of Mass Media in Indonesia, which tends to be pro towards the presence of the Job Creation Law, is considered not an actual articulation of the public interest (receiver) which it should represent. Theory, research, and even digital surveys involving the mass media as news subjects (channels) assess that the mass media are trapped in insignificant, normative news and do not accommodate counter opinions in an objective and balanced manner. The public then uses new media, especially social media, to mobilize a movement against the Job Creation Law, or to broadly mobilize pro-democracy forces through this movement. Although social media is not a mass media that applies measurable journalistic principles, social media offers digitization, convergence, interactivity, and development of network, which are considered more effective in articulating the true public interest in political communication towards the government as the messenger (sender).
Keywords: government; job creation law; mass media; social media
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Istiani, Nurul, and Athoillah Islamy. "FIKIH MEDIA SOSIAL DI INDONESIA." ASY SYAR'IYYAH: JURNAL ILMU SYARI'AH DAN PERBANKAN ISLAM 5, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 202–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/asy.v5i2.1586.
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This study aims to reveal the philosophical values of Islamic law in the three ethical codes of NetizMu Muhammadiyah. This research is a literature review. The type of Islamic legal research in this study is a philosophical normative Islamic law research with an Islamic legal philosophy approach. The primary data source of this research, namely the NetizMU Muhammadiyah code of ethics), and secondary data using various relevant scientific researches. The theory used is a systems philosophy approach in Islamic law initiated by Jasser Auda.. This study concludes that there are values of Islamic law philosophy in the three NetizMU codes of ethics. First, the value of religious protection (hifz al-din) in the context of making the prophetic social values of religion the main basis for the code of ethics for the use of social media. Second, the value of public benefit (al-maslahat al-ammah) in the code of ethics for the use of social media as a medium for humanization (amar makruf) and liberation (nahi munkar). Third, the value of intellectual protection (hifz al-'aql) in the context of a code of ethics limiting freedom of expression, both in the form of information and communication on social media.
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Haber, Benjamin. "The digital ephemeral turn: queer theory, privacy, and the temporality of risk." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 8 (March 11, 2019): 1069–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443719831600.
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Social media’s shift from storing media permanently by default, to supporting increasingly diverse temporalities of display and interaction has important implications for understanding the political economy of the digital. In this article, I use queer theory to complicate the normative dimensions of the privacy discourses that popularly frame digital ephemerality, suggesting instead that we understand the ephemeral as redistributing the pleasures and dangers of risk. To demonstrate, I do a close reading of the functions, design choices, and aesthetics of popular digital communication platforms, which increasingly provide the affective texture and context for everyday life. Using Snapchat and Apple’s Find My Friends and iMessage as case studies, I highlight a profitable dynamic between promiscuous exposure and monogamous retrenchment.
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Vykhrushch, А. V. "METHODOLOGY AND METHODS: CURRENT ISSUES OF THEORY AND PRACTICE." Медична освіта, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/me.2414-5998.2020.2.11167.
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The article deals with current issues of functional literacy of the first year students at the medical universities. It has been emphasized the importance of adhering to the philosophical foundations of higher educational didactics. The main issues for the consideration in the article are the development of basic competences i.e. communication; digital media skills; training for self-improvement; social and civic skills; initiative and practicality; awareness and expression in the cultural sphere. The analysis of the content of normative documents, works of national and foreign scientists gave us possibility to make a conclusion about the difficulties in determining the essence of the main concepts. The study of the problem of functional literacy among students of medical faculties becomes especially relevant, because the anamnesis, communication of the doctor with the patient, and the medical council require special, purposeful preparation.
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Archer, Catherine, and Paul Harrigan. "Show me the money: how bloggers as stakeholders are challenging theories of relationship building in public relations." Media International Australia 160, no. 1 (August 2016): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16651139.
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Conventional ‘normative’ theories of public relations have often centred on relationship building, dialogic theory and two-way communication. Despite these theories dominating much of the academic literature, practitioners continue to seek control in relationships to produce ‘value outcomes’ and meet measurable objectives for the organisations they work for. Public relations workers’ ability to influence the influencers has been framed as relationship development, and payment for editorial content or other influence has been seen as unethical. With the rise of social media, the so-called ‘new’ influencers are now bloggers and Instagrammers. Given that most social media influencers now wish to be compensated with payment or in-kind for any work related to brands, this article discusses the implications for ethical practice and public relations theory. The mask of relationship building in the social media age needs to be removed and the importance of payment to bloggers needs to be acknowledged for the theories of public relations to develop.
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Hodess, Robin B. "The Role of News Media in European Integration : A Framework of Analysis for Political Science." Res Publica 39, no. 2 (June 30, 1997): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v39i2.18588.
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The pbenomenon of European integration has received a great deal ofattention from political scientists in the wake of the mid-1980s 'relaunch' ofthe European Union (EU). However, political science's theoretical consideration of West European integration has from the outset failed to include news media as a factor in EU politics. This oversight is linked to the general dismissal of the public and public debate as irrelevant to the integration project. Yet because media have several critical functions in politics - as an information-source, agendasetter, and legitimator - political science treatment of the EU now needs to account for the role of news media. Turning to concepts in normative media theory, the article proposes a framework within which to consider media and suggests empirical analysis of media coverage of the European Union. Such analysis would complement political science study of the democratisation and legitimation of the EU, while acknowledging public discourse as an element crucial to the future course of European integration.
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Holbert, R. Lance, Bruce W. Hardy, and Heather L. LaMarre. "A Normative Assessment of 2016 Political Convention Speech Exposure: Perceived Political Threats and Anticipated General Election Legitimacy." American Behavioral Scientist 61, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764217693275.
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Political party conventions, rivaled only by general election debates, are media events that can affect democratic processes through their ability to reach a wide audience. Conventions hold a unique place in the American electoral system by serving as a pivot point between the nation’s primary and general election phases. From a normative perspective, the current study focuses on the degree to which consuming major political party convention speeches mitigates negative perceptions generated from the primaries on what citizens are anticipating for the general election. A national pre–post conventions panel survey of U.S. adults ( N = 562) is utilized to address five hypotheses. The consumption of more convention speeches reduces the negative impact of perceived primary election threat on the anticipated legitimacy of the general election (i.e., positive normative effect), but also increases threat ambivalence associated with the conventions (i.e., negative normative effect). In addition, convention speech exposure generates a strong, positive direct effect on perceived general election legitimacy (i.e., positive normative effect). When judged from the standpoint of republicanism as a type of democratic theory, the positive influences of convention speech exposure outweigh this activity’s negative effects.
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Feldman, Hannah. ""Because Dads Change Diapers Too": Negotiating Gendered Parenting Discourses on Reddit Parenting Forums." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29600.
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Digital media can reflect and reify normative expectations in the non-digital world. Parents are increasingly engaging with online media to seek information and support. Online parenting forums therefore act as key windows into current perceptions surrounding parenthood and child rearing. My study aims to investigate differences in parenting expectations between mothers and fathers on online parenting forums. I conducted a cyber ethnography of two Reddit subforums, Mommit and Daddit, to investigate how parents negotiate gendered parenting discourses on these two parenting subforums. Using a grounded theory approach, I extract key themes surrounding mothering and fathering expectations relating to (1) parental responsibilities, (2) women and men’s self-identity as parents, and (3) mothers’ and fathers’ relationships with their partners. My discourse analysis reveals that both Mommit and Daddit work to deconstruct certain normative pressures surrounding motherhood and fatherhood, but simultaneously reaffirm traditional gendered parenting expectations. These forums act as an avenue for users to deconstruct expectations that frustrate users: Daddit users contest the expectation that fathers are not apt child carers, and Mommit users contest the expectation that women are exclusively, and naturally skilled, child carers. However, at the same time, users cannot fully escape normative pressures, and indeed these forums reinforce a gendered primary-secondary divide between mothers and fathers in caretaking responsibilities and practices.
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Feldman, Hannah. ""Because Dads Change Diapers Too": Negotiating Gendered Parenting Discourses on Reddit Parenting Forums." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29600.
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Digital media can reflect and reify normative expectations in the non-digital world. Parents are increasingly engaging with online media to seek information and support. Online parenting forums therefore act as key windows into current perceptions surrounding parenthood and child rearing. My study aims to investigate differences in parenting expectations between mothers and fathers on online parenting forums. I conducted a cyber ethnography of two Reddit subforums, Mommit and Daddit, to investigate how parents negotiate gendered parenting discourses on these two parenting subforums. Using a grounded theory approach, I extract key themes surrounding mothering and fathering expectations relating to (1) parental responsibilities, (2) women and men’s self-identity as parents, and (3) mothers’ and fathers’ relationships with their partners. My discourse analysis reveals that both Mommit and Daddit work to deconstruct certain normative pressures surrounding motherhood and fatherhood, but simultaneously reaffirm traditional gendered parenting expectations. These forums act as an avenue for users to deconstruct expectations that frustrate users: Daddit users contest the expectation that fathers are not apt child carers, and Mommit users contest the expectation that women are exclusively, and naturally skilled, child carers. However, at the same time, users cannot fully escape normative pressures, and indeed these forums reinforce a gendered primary-secondary divide between mothers and fathers in caretaking responsibilities and practices.
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Zierhofer, W. "Das Waldsterben in der Informationsgesellschaft : zur Anwendung der sprachpragmatischen Handlungstheorie in Sozialgeographie und Humanökologie." Geographica Helvetica 53, no. 2 (June 30, 1998): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-53-60-1998.
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Abstract. Since the eighties action theory and theory of structuration have increasingly been accepted as basic conceptual frameworks for social geography. This article contnbutes to this debate by demonstrating the potential of a certain variant of action theory (see ZIERHOFER 1997) for empirical re search. First the author sets out in detail how this "language pragmatics approach" has been applied in a research pro ject on the processing of "Waldsterben" (forest decline, litterally: dying forest) in science and mass media (ZIERHOFER 1998). He shows in particular in what ways the empirical ana lysis is guided by a specific reference to the normative di mension of interactions, and he discusses the possibilities of a critical social science that are provided by such an approach. Finally,he argues that particularly in the first few years of the debate on "Waldsterben" neither forestry science nor mass media met those Standards of critical-reflexive processing of informations that guarantee the political sovereignity of Citizens.
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Tregubova, Natalia D., and Maxim L. Nee. "Beyond Nations and Nationalities: Discussing the Variety of Migrants’ Identifications in Russian Social Media." Changing Societies & Personalities 4, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2020.4.3.104.
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This article examines how transnational labor migrants to Russia from the five former Soviet Union countries – Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan – identify themselves in social media. The authors combine Rogers Brubaker's theory of identifications with Randall Collins' interaction ritual theory to study migrants' online interactions in the largest Russian social media (VK.com). They observed online interactions in 23 groups. The article illuminates how normative and policy contexts affect the Russian Federation's migration processes through a detailed discussion of migrants' everyday online interactions. Results reveal common and country-specific identifications of migrants in their online interactions. Migrants from Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan employ identifications connected to diasporic connections. Migrants from Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in their identifications refer to low-skilled labor migration to Russia as a fact, a subject for assessment, and as a unifying category. For these countries, the present and the future of the nation is discussed in the framework of evaluation of mass immigration to Russia.
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Habermas, Jürgen. "Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research." Communication Theory 16, no. 4 (November 2006): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00280.x.
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Hovden, Jan Fredrik, and Hallvard Moe. "A sociocultural approach to study public connection across and beyond media." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 23, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856517700381.
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This article presents an approach to cross-media use analysis suited to answering the question of how citizens from different sociocultural groups experience their freedom of information. The approach is based on normative democratic theory, is attentive to the dimensions of culture and media that lie beyond a predefined political dimension and is designed to analyse, from a citizen’s perspective, how people experience a public world in which shared problems are addressed. To illustrate the approach, the article draws on the analysis of two empirical examples: one of a representative sample of the Norwegian citizenry ( N = 3660) and one of Norwegian students ( N = 1223). We conduct latent class analysis as well as multiple correspondence analysis to help improve our understanding of the consequences of fragmented and personalized media use by shedding light on the implications of changing patterns of public connection.
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Kapasi, Isla, Katherine J. C. Sang, and Rafal Sitko. "Gender, authentic leadership and identity: analysis of women leaders’ autobiographies." Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 5/6 (July 4, 2016): 339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-06-2015-0058.
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Purpose Leadership theories have moved from viewing leadership as an innate trait, towards models that recognise leadership as a social construction. Alongside this theorisation, gender and leadership remain of considerable interest, particularly given the under-representation of women in leadership positions. Methodological approaches to understanding leadership have begun to embrace innovative methods, such as historical analyses. This paper aims to understand how high profile women leaders construct a gendered leadership identity, with particular reference to authentic leadership. Design/methodology/approach Thematic analysis of autobiographies, a form of identity work, of four women leaders from business and politics: Sheryl Sandberg, Karren Brady, Hillary Clinton and Julia Gillard. Findings Analyses reveal that these women construct gender and leadership along familiar normative lines; for example, the emphasis on personal and familial values. However, their stories differ in that the normative extends to include close examination of the body and a sense of responsibility to other women. Overall, media representations of these “authentic” leaders conform to social constructions of gender. Thus, in the case of authentic leadership, a theory presented as gender neutral, the authenticity of leadership has to some extent been crafted by the media rather than the leader. Originality/value The study reveals that despite attempts to “craft” and control the image of the authentic self for consumption by followers, gendered media representations of individuals and leadership remain. Thus, alternative approaches to crafting an authentic leadership self which extend beyond (mainstream) media is suggested.
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Verheyden, Mark. "Social media and the promise of excellence in internal communication." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 6, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-09-2016-0020.
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Purpose For many years the excellence theory (Grunig, 1992), with its ideal of two-way symmetrical communication, has been the dominant normative framework in public relations (PR). From an affordance perspective, social media seem to side perfectly with this promise of a more balanced power relation between participants in the communication loop. The purpose of this paper is to see if this promise was realized in the context of an internal communication practitioner’s social software use. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a critical case approach for the organizational ethnography. Therefore, the authors selected an IT company where the formal position of internal communication was being created. In this environment, the authors considered it “least likely” to find the unidirectional model of “push communication.” The authors used the network gatekeeping theory (Barzilai-Nahon, 2008) to study technology usage patterns in the organization. Findings The analysis indicates that the internal communicator uses social software to interact with other employees. The authors additionally found these tools to affect the gatekeeping role of internal communication, altering the position’s ideological focus through its ability to shape the technological environment. Research limitations/implications On a theoretical level, the network gatekeeping theory proved to be useful to study power relations inside organizations. On a practical level, the authors found themselves combining different data sources to grasp the complexity of organizational communication practices. Originality/value This research questions the widespread assumption that adoption of social software leads to excellence in PR. Additionally, the use of ethnographic methods in PR has been rare.
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Hasfi, Nurul, and Turnomo Rahardjo. "The Disabled People Virtual Communities in Social Media from The Perspective of Public Sphere Theory." Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v4i2.327.
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Many researches view the internet as a virtual public sphere or forum potential that provides a space for minority groups to voice their opinions. This article identifies the role of social media in creating political public sphere for voters with disabilities in Indonesia during Presidential Election in 2019. By applying the normative values provided by Public Sphere Theory and Sphere Public Subaltern Theory, this article determines various potentials as well as stumbling blocks of the internet as a virtual public sphere for internet users. Virtual ethnography method is used to determine the identity of virtual communities of disabled people on three most active social media platforms in Indonesia, namely Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Virtual Ethnography enables researchers to conduct an online observation on virtual communities three months prior to the 2019 Presidential Election. The data findings help the researchers draw conclusion that social media has technically advocated the endeavor of the disabled people’s political rights equality, proven by the existence of disabled people’s virtual communities and the narratives of struggle for their political rights equality. However, the data has shown an inadequacy of disabled people’s virtual community to create dynamic inter-activities between its members as this community has not been able to reflect a public sphere that is able to build public opinion which effectively influences public policy.
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Weil, Felix. "From the Ethical Use of the Media to a 'useful' Media Ethics." International Review of Information Ethics 1 (June 1, 2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie270.
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Without knowing the rules of the game in a specific area qualified ethical decisions within are simply not possible. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon 'media' is a prerequisite for the ‘usablity’ of any media ethics. This understanding of the very basis of media is introduced by the notion of space: media is the space where the presentation of something is possible – formally that space fulfils the criteria of a Hilbert space; more common is this concept in the notion of cyberspace e.g.. As presentations (in a real as well as in a Hilbert space) do not exist separated from each other but are (more or less) connected, are linked, thus acting in the media can be understood as moving in the space of communication, following the links. This understanding leads to fundamentally new ethical categories: media ethic is the challenge of ethically designing the communicative space. The appropriate ethical approach for this task can be found in Wittgenstein's notion of 'use'. That overcomes the 'blind' application of ethical norms to categorical distinctive descriptions, which is very common through the term 'applied ethics' though it can be easily proved as aporetic. The investigation in what the ethical 'ought' basically could mean shows that there is no normative meaning without a descriptive context: 'to ought' always means 'to ought' in a certain situation, be it more common or more specific. Ethically right then means: one can decide on the basis of good reasons to do the right in this or that situation. And ethics finally is the quest to categorize, structure and systemize these right decisions by the means of creating a comprehensive theory. These are the limits and the dignity of ethics as a scientific scholarship and media ethics in particular.
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Huertas Martín, Victor. "Theatrum Mundi and site in four television Shakespeare films." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 99, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0184767819837548.
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This article explores metatheatricality and site specificity in four Shakespeare television films produced by Illuminations Media: Gregory Doran’s Macbeth (2001), Hamlet (2009) and Julius Caesar (2012), and Rupert Goold’s Macbeth (2010). Drawing on metatheatrical theory applied to the screen and recent criticism on site-specific theatre, I explore the films as self-referential and self-conscious works embedded in environments that oppose the artifice of drama to the ‘reality’ of normative television film. Shakespeare’s aesthetic metaphor, presented in self-contained theatrical worlds, does not depict autonomous fictions but is disrupted by outside ‘reality’.
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Chang, Andreas, Ishak Ismail, and Nabsiah Abdul Wahid. "A Conceptual Framework on the Social Media Adoption Among Small and Medium Enterprises’ Managers in Indonesia." Advanced Science Letters 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5959.
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The aim of this conceptual paper is to investigate the social media adoption by Indonesian small and medium enterprises (SME) managers. The proliferation of social media has changed the way enterprises market their products or services. A review of the literature shows there is lack of research investigating the adoption that systematically uses one theoretical model; and later putting the model in the context of the Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. Most research on Social Media adoption by Small and Medium Enterprises used either technological acceptance models, or examined the characteristics of the enterprise. Both UTAUT (The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) and UTAUT2 have shown inconsistent results. This paper proposes a new model by decomposing the social influence with normative, coercive and mimetic pressures. In the proposed model, subjective norm is decomposed into normative pressure of employees, coercive pressure of customers and mimetic pressure of competitors. The framework contributes to the knowledge in the field of consumer behavior and technology acceptance research, by decomposing the construct of social influence. Secondly, and it tested the manager's characteristics of habit, age, gender and also the experience. It not only merely tested as moderators but also as a predictor of behavioral intention. The results of this study are also expected to benefit entrepreneurs and the government of the Republic of Indonesia in terms of assisting entrepreneurs to be more effective.
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Zillich, Arne F., Roland Göbbel, Karin Stengel, Michaela Maier, and Georg Ruhrmann. "Proactive crisis communication? News coverage of international conflicts in German print and broadcasting media." Media, War & Conflict 4, no. 3 (December 2011): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635211420629.
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This study examines the ambitions of proactive crisis communication in the realm of international conflicts. Based on the concept of peace journalism, the authors analyse whether German media coverage on international conflicts complies with normative demands. So far, most studies have investigated the media’s role during the climactic stages of conflicts and have neglected the pre- and post-escalation phases. Therefore, the study distinguishes four specific phases of a conflict. With regard to news value theory, it shows that international conflicts exhibit different news factors in their particular phases; in addition, it illustrates that the propositions of peace journalism, although considered relevant by journalists, are hardly being fulfilled in their day-to-day conflict reporting. Combining content analytical research with semi-structured interviews proves to be fruitful for critically reflecting the demands of proactive crisis communication.
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Spears, Russell. "Social Influence and Group Identity." Annual Review of Psychology 72, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 367–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-070620-111818.
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This chapter reviews research on the group identity explanation of social influence, grounded in self-categorization theory, and contrasts it with other group-based explanations, including normative influence, interdependence, and social network approaches, as well as approaches to persuasion and influence that background group (identity) processes. Although the review primarily discusses recent research, its focus also invites reappraisal of some classic research in order to address basic questions about the scope and power of the group identity explanation. The self-categorization explanation of influence grounded in group norms, moderated by group identification, is compared and contrasted to other normative explanations of influence, notably the concept of injunctive norms and the relation to moral conviction. A range of moderating factors relating to individual variation, features of the intragroup and intergroup context, and important contextual variables (i.e., anonymity versus visibility, isolation versus copresence) that are particularly relevant to online influence in the new media are also reviewed.
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Camaj, Lindita. "Governments’ Uses and Misuses of Freedom of Information Laws in Emerging European Democracies." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 93, no. 4 (July 11, 2016): 923–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699015610073.
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This study tests the normative assumptions on the empowerment effects of freedom of information (FOI) legislation on the press–government relationship in the context of new democracies. In-depth interviews with journalists in Albania, Kosovo, and Montenegro imply that FOI laws can facilitate access to some previously unavailable official information. But, contrary to expectations, FOI laws are proving counterproductive for journalists who report stories beyond the official storyline, as government relies on this tool to control information access and the news agenda. The implication of these results for media freedom, agenda-building theory, and future transparency initiatives is discussed.
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Devina, Cindy Bella, Dissa Chandra Iswari, Go Christian Bryan Goni, and Devi Kimberly Lirungan. "Tinjauan Hukum Kriminalisasi Berita Hoax: Menjaga Persatuan vs. Kebebasan Berpendapat." Kosmik Hukum 21, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v21i1.8874.
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The existence of hoaxes in Indonesia has been around for a long time. However, the term hoax was widespread and became part of daily conversations in the media and the public during the 2014 and 2019 Presidential Election. The rapid development of social media use and the ease of information exchange accelerated the spread of hoax. Even in the COVID-19 pandemic, hoax news about the corona virus and matters related to it are widespread in the community. This hoax news, both during the Election and the Covid-19 Outbreak, caused much unrest in the community. Some of the hoax news spreaders were jailed for violations of the ITE Law. Various legal practitioners and academics have also suggested that hoax news creators and spreaders be criminalized. This article reviews normatively whether the criminalization of hoax news is feasible for reasons of maintaining stability or needs to be eliminated to maintain freedom of opinion. The author reviews the normative aspects of criminalizing the creation and dissemination of hoax news by using Habermas' theory of deliberative democracy. Through this theory, the writer finds that hoax news makes aspects of democracy such as dialogue that is full of awareness and accurate information unattainable. This is also in line with what the Indonesian constitution wants. However, it is necessary to ensure that the criminalization of hoaxes is not used as an instrument of abuse of power considering that the circulation of hoaxes is a symptom of a problem rather than the root of the problem itself.Keywords: Fake News, Criminalization, Stability, Freedom of Speech, Deliberative Democracy, Legal Revuew
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Andersson, Linus, and Ebba Sundin. "Mobile bystanders and rubbernecks, disaster tourists, and helpers. Towards a theoretical framework for critically studying action possibilities at accident sites." Mobile Media & Communication 9, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050157920984828.
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This article addresses the phenomenon of mobile bystanders who use their smartphones to film or take photographs at accident scenes, instead of offering their help to people in need or to assist medical units. This phenomenon has been extensively discussed in Swedish news media in recent years since it has been described as a growing problem for first responders, such as paramedics, police, and firefighters. This article aims to identify theoretical perspectives that are relevant for analyzing mobile media practices and discuss the ethical implications of these perspectives. Our purpose is twofold: we want to develop a theoretical framework for critically approaching mobile media practices, and we want to contribute to discussions concerning well-being in a time marked by mediatization and digitalization. In this pursuit, we combine theory from social psychology about how people behave at traumatic scenes with discussions about witnessing in and through media, as developed in media and communication studies. Both perspectives offer various implications for normative inquiry, and in our discussion, we argue that mobile bystanders must be considered simultaneously as transgressors of social norms and as emphatic witnesses behaving in accordance with the digital media age. The article ends with a discussion regarding the implications for further research.
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Carpenter, Christopher J., and Chandra S. Amaravadi. "A Big Data Approach to Assessing the Impact of Social Norms: Reporting One’s Exercise to a Social Media Audience." Communication Research 46, no. 2 (July 5, 2016): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650216657776.
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Assessing the impact of an individual’s social network on an individual is difficult without administering a large number of surveys. Online social networks with built-in data collection circumvent this problem. The data collected by an exercise-focused social media website and mobile app allowed the estimation of the effect of both the behavior of the social network and the size of that network on the behavior of individual service users (31,200 users reporting 67,699 exercise events with a potential range of 87 weeks). The results are consistent with the theory of normative social behavior in that the amount of exercise reported by the user’s social network as well as the size of the user’s on-site social network affected the user’s exercise behavior over time.
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VIOTTO, MARINA HENRIQUES, BRUNO SUTIL, and MARIA CAROLINA ZANETTE. "LEGITIMACY AS A BARRIER: AN ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN PREMIUM COCOA AND CHOCOLATE LEGITIMATION PROCESS." Revista de Administração de Empresas 58, no. 3 (June 2018): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020180307.
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ABSTRACT How can a product be legitimated when the legitimation process includes another legitimate product as a barrier? To address this question, we conducted a process theorization through in-depth analysis of interviews and newspaper articles in the context of Brazilian premium cocoa and chocolate markets. We found that the legitimation process involving the interaction of different actors focused on building cultural-cognitive legitimacy was supported, in particular, by normative legitimacy. In this process, media appears as an important market ally in educating consumers. We used institutional theory to show that it is essential to address other legitimate products and the interaction of actors to understand the legitimation process.
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Williams, Paul D. "Raising guardrails: The role of the political commentator in a post-expert age." Queensland Review 27, no. 1 (June 2020): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2020.7.
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AbstractPolitical commentary is a key component of news coverage in any liberal democracy. Yet theorising the role played by political commentators in a rapidly transforming media sphere – further destabilised by voters’ increasing mistrust of expertise and of political and media institutions – is rare in the social science literature. This article adopts a mixed methodological approach to argue that political commentators today perform one or more of three functions – ‘public educator’, ‘value educator’ and ‘polemicist’ – with commentators now falling into one of seven types. Given the broadening and flattening of news media dissemination and consumption – and arguably the ‘dumbing down’ and ‘shallowing out’ of news media coverage in a postmodern social media age where truth and facts are too often subordinated by rhetoric and opinion – this article argues that the role of the academic political commentator is now more critical than ever. It also argues that academic commentators must offer not only objective descriptive analysis of political events but also potentially subjective normative analysis – in effect, narrative ‘guardrails’ – to remind voters of what is and is not acceptable political behaviour in a ‘post-truth’ anti-expert age.
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Brown, Christia Spears, Sharla D. Biefeld, and Nan Elpers. "A Bioecological Theory of Sexual Harassment of Girls: Research Synthesis and Proposed Model." Review of General Psychology 24, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089268020954363.
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In the United States, many adolescent girls experience sexual harassment before they leave high school, and between 20% and 25% of college women are survivors of sexual assault. Despite the many negative consequences associated with these experiences, perpetrating sexual harassment and assault is often viewed as normative. Using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theoretical framework, we propose a bioecological theory of the perpetration and tolerance of sexual harassment of girls. We propose children’s proximal and distal contexts contribute to the endorsement of sexualized gender stereotypes, which in turn impacts high rates of both perpetration and acceptance of sexual harassment. We discuss the ways that three important microsystems—parents, peers, and schools—contribute to this acceptance. We also propose that key components of media within the exosystem work to further normalize sexual harassment of girls and women. These contexts inform children’s development, creating a culture that is permissive of sexual harassment, resulting in high rates of sexual harassment and assault in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Implications of our proposed theory for policymakers, teachers, parents, and researchers are discussed.
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Walden, Justin. "Guiding the conversation." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 23, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-06-2017-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how public relations practitioners view their role in guiding their organizations’ frontline (nonnominated) employees’ social media use and the tensions that organizations must navigate when they interact with their employees online. Design/methodology/approach This study utilizes in-depth interviews with 24 PR practitioners in the USA. Data were analyzed via grounded theory’s approach to open, axial, and select coding. Findings PR practitioners engage in three activities to guide employees’ social media use: serving as a reactive-technical resource; supporting employee communities; and responding to incidental monitoring of social media posts. Research limitations/implications The study extends stakeholder theory by describing the normative expectations that are placed on employees when it comes to discussing the organization online. Practical implications Recommendations are offered for PR practitioners regarding the boundary-respecting management of nonnominated employees’ social media use. Social implications Findings point to a greater understanding about frontline workers’ roles in supporting their organizations and the need for organizations to carefully explain social media policies. Originality/value Scholars have not fully explored the challenges that firms face when they seek to influence employees’ personal social networking activities. There is new insight about the ways in which organization can ethically engage with employees in digitally mediated spaces.