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Journal articles on the topic 'North African literature (French)'
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1
Rominger, Chris. "NURSING TRANSGRESSIONS, EXPLORING DIFFERENCE: NORTH AFRICANS IN FRENCH MEDICAL SPACES DURING WORLD WAR I." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 4 (November 2018): 691–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000880.
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AbstractThis article explores the social impact of North African soldiers’ experiences in French military hospitals during World War I. In particular, it examines improvised “Muslim hospitals” that were opened in order to isolate North Africans from French civilian society. Colonial and military officials believed that North Africans, presumed to be warlike, pathogenic, and promiscuous, could corrupt and be corrupted by the French public. Yet while existing literature tends to highlight the dehumanization of North Africans at the hands of military and medical authorities, this article, drawing from personal correspondence, photographs, and military and medical records, reveals a more ambiguous daily reality. I argue that the individual needs and desires of wounded North Africans and of French nurses, as well as material limitations and contingencies, created spaces for an unprecedented series of humanizing personal encounters. In military-medical “colonies within the metropole,” these soldiers found themselves caught between a newfound sense of affinity with the French public and a starker sense of the boundaries of colonial practice.
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Arkin, Kimberly A. "Historicity, Peoplehood, and Politics: Holocaust Talk in Twenty-First-Century France." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 4 (October 2018): 968–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041751800035x.
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AbstractDrawing on ethnographic data from the mid-2000s as well as accounts from French Jewish newspapers and magazines from the 1980s onward, this paper traces the emergence of new French Jewish institutional narratives linking North African Jews to the “European” Holocaust. I argue that these new narratives emerged as a response to the social and political impasses produced by intra-Jewish disagreements over whether and how North African Jews could talk about the Holocaust, which divided French Jews and threatened the relationship between Jewishness and French national identity. These new pedagogical narratives relied on a very different historicity, or way of reckoning time and causality, than those used in more divisive everyday French Jewish Holocaust narratives. By reworking the ways that French Jews reckoned time and causality, they offered an expansive and homogenously “European” Jewishness. This argument works against a growing postcolonial sociological and anthropological literature on religious minorities in France and Europe by emphasizing the contingency, difficulty, and even ambivalence around constructing “Jewishness” as transparently either “European” or “French.” It also highlights the role played by historicity—not just history—in producing what counts as group “identity.”
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Brown, Stéphanie. "French North African self-representation: Visibility in layers and shades." International Journal of Francophone Studies 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfs.20.1-2.103_1.
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Brouziyne, Youssef, Ali El Bilali, Terence Epule Epule, Victor Ongoma, Ahmed Elbeltagi, Jamal Hallam, Fouad Moudden, Maha Al-Zubi, Vincent Vadez, and Rachael McDonnell. "Towards Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions Agriculture in North Africa through Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Systematic Review." Climate 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2023): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli11070139.
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North Africa (NA) is supposed to lower emissions in its agriculture to honor climate action commitments and to impulse sustainable development across Africa. Agriculture in North Africa has many assets and challenges that make it fit to use the tools of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) for mitigation purposes. This study represents a first attempt to understand if CSA practices are sufficiently established in NA to contribute to reducing agriculture emissions. A PRISMA-inspired systematic review was carried out on an initial 147 studies retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science databases, as well as from gray literature. 11 studies were included in the final analysis since they report the mitigation and co-benefits of CSA-based practices within NA. A bias risk was identified around the optimal inclusion of studies produced in French, and a specific plan was set for its minimization. Synthesis results revealed that most studies focused either on improving soil quality (nine studies) or managing enteric fermentation (two studies). The review revealed a poor establishment of the CSA framework in the region, especially in sequestering GHG emissions. A set of recommendations has been formulated to address the identified gaps from research orientations and organizational perspectives and empower the CSA as an ally for mitigation in north African agriculture.
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Graebner, Seth. "Autobiography and Independence: Selfhood and Creativity in North African Postcolonial Writing in French (review)." French Forum 32, no. 1 (2008): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/frf.2008.0014.
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Lamont, Michèle, and Sada Aksartova. "Ordinary Cosmopolitanisms." Theory, Culture & Society 19, no. 4 (August 2002): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276402019004001.
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In contrast to most literature on cosmopolitanism, which focuses on its elite forms, this article analyzes how ordinary people bridge racial boundaries in everyday life. It is based on interviews with 150 non-college-educated white and black workers in the United States and white and North African workers in France. The comparison of the four groups shows how differences in cultural repertoires across national context and structural location shape distinct anti-racist rhetorics. Market-based arguments are salient among American workers, while arguments based on solidarity and egalitarianism are used by French, but not by American, workers. Minority workers in both countries employ a more extensive toolkit of anti-racist rhetoric as compared to whites. The interviewed men privilege evidence grounded in everyday experience, and their claims of human equality are articulated in terms of universal human nature and, in the case of blacks and North Africans, universal morality. Workers' conceptual frameworks have little in common with multiculturalism that occupies a central place in the literature on cosmopolitanism. We argue that for the discussion and practice of cosmopolitanism to move forward we should shift our attention to the study of multiple ordinary cosmopolitanisms.
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BOUAYED, Nassima. "Le vêtement féminin dans la littérature Maghrébine, simple artifice ou révélation de soi ?" ALTRALANG Journal 5, no. 01 (June 10, 2023): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/altralang.v5i01.278.
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Women's Clothing in North African Literature, Simple Artifice or Self-Revelation?
ABSTRACT: Contemporary literature has shown particular interest in the symbolism of being, object and clothing. It is built on symbols linked to culture to justify a form of ideology in search of a status and a political, cultural, social identity, etc. This is why the representation of the body and especially of women in contemporary North African novels of French expression are part of a thematic axis which converges towards this Ideology of the quest for Self and identity. Among the different literary genres, women writing has always been a quest for identity and a perpetual search for origins. In this article, it will be a question of seeing how women clothing becomes an indicator of identity and social representations through selected texts taken from female North African novels.
RÉSUMÉ : La littérature contemporaine a porté un intérêt particulier pour la symbolique de l’être, de l’objet et du vêtement. Elle s’est bâtie sur des symboles liés à la culture pour justifier une forme d’idéologie en quête d’un statut et d’une identité, politique, culturelle, sociale, etc. C’est pourquoi, la représentation du corps et surtout de la femme dans les romans maghrébins contemporains d’expression française font partie d’un axe thématique qui converge vers cette Idéologie de la quête de Soi et de l’identité. Parmi les différents genres littéraires, l’écriture féminine a de tout temps été une quête de l’identité et une perpétuelle recherche d’origines. Il s’agira dans cet article, de voir comment le vêtement féminin devient un indicateur de représentations identitaires et sociales à travers des textes choisis pris de romans Maghrébins féminins.
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Hiddleston, Jane. "Transculturality and ecology in francophone North African poetry: Human/non-human and global/local communities." Francosphères 13, no. 1 (June 2024): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/franc.2024.3.
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As an alternative to a model of world literature complicit with global capitalism and its ecological destruction, critics have proposed the ‘planetary turn’ to name the emergence of a mode of thinking capable of accommodating both social and ecological diversity. Global relationality in this context is understood not only as connectivity between different cultures but also that between the human and the non-human, and emphasizes not only cultural differences and interactions but also our deep embeddedness in and reliance on the ecological environment. Planetary thinking champions the dynamic entanglement between manifold peoples and cultures at the same time as it insists on the connections between the human and the physical world. This article focuses on the ways in which francophone postcolonial North African poetry also betrays a peculiar attentiveness at once to cultural hybridization and to the riches of the ecological landscape. The Moroccan Abdellatif Laâbi and the Tunisian Tahar Bekri are contemporary writers whose poetry has combined, over the last forty years or so, a passion for multilingualism and cultural exchange with a fascination with the singular plant life they discover at home and abroad. Both use both French and Arabic, though most of their work is in French, and write against the forces of oppression left by the legacies of colonialism in part by celebrating transculturality. Both also evoke a form of intimate communion with the ecological environment, and portray it as a force with agency in order to condemn the history of ecological destruction. Their ‘ecocosmopolitan’ poetry in this way proposes a salutary communality that responds in far-reaching ways to human mastery and oppression as it acts both on cultural difference and on the delicate ecology of planet.
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Franco, David. "Obéir pour se libérer: stratégies d’héroïsation dans le film Indigènes de Rachid Bouchareb." Nottingham French Studies 62, no. 1 (March 2023): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2023.0369.
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This article re-examines the common understanding of heroism in Rachid Bouchareb’s 2006 film Days of Glory ( Indigènes). It challenges the premise that the four Maghrebian infantrymen at the centre of the picture are in fact fighting in the French ranks in order to primarily serve mainland France. Stylistic, rhetoric and filmic analyses of the film will show that, instead, enrolling in the French army provides the Arab soldiers with an opportunity to – paradoxically – assert their identity as free subjects. The result of this approach is twofold: while inscribing the protagonists of Days of Glory in the classical heroic tradition, where obedience and self-government are often complementary, it also expounds the director’s militant desire to define the North African immigrant as both France’s historical ally and an autonomous subject.
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Benbouazza, Mouna. "Post-Beur Cinema: North African Émigré and Maghrebi-French Filmmakers in France since 2000 by Will Higbee." French Forum 42, no. 2 (2017): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/frf.2017.0032.
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Nayhauss, Hans-Christoph Graf v. "Übersetzte arabische Literatur als Schüssel für fremde Mentalitäten." Traduction et Langues 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2002): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v1i1.277.
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Translated Arabic Literature as a window to Foreign Mentalities: On the problem of the reception of foreign-cultural literature
This article is concerned with the structure of hermeneutic understanding in order to "guarantee within cultural traditions a possible action-oriented self-understanding of individuals and groups and a reciprocal foreign understanding of other individuals and other groups through translated literary texts. Through this study, it can be stated that regional knowledge. i.e. knowledge of the historical, political, economic, and cultural peculiarities of a people cannot express the "spiritual body of a nation's inner history". In order to achieve this, i.e. to make the mentality of a foreign culture recognizable, in the sense of v. Eichendorff's poetry. in our case, the literature of a people in which ways of thinking and feelings, thought content, and emotional content are congealed in contemporary North African literature. To provide such guidance. At the same time, it opens the view for certain deficits of the recipient, which have to be compensated if one does not want to remain on the surface of the foreign culture. In oriental countries, this includes the necessary knowledge of the basics of Islam and knowledge of myths and rites, which have become the language of fairy tales in particular. because the religious and the folk and superstition are the forces that motivate the everyday life of oriental peoples, which cause their life motivation. Such active forces always flavor the literature of peoples However, contemporary North African literature is not just a literature of self-expression by its authors. an attempt to find oneself spiritually at home, it is also a window on literature in the sense of Karl Dedecius, the main addressee of which is not only the local reader but above all the Foreigners, the Europeans, the French or the Spaniards, who often even provided the authors with the language and in whose language area many of the North African authors also live. So they produce their literature not only with a view to their own memories and experiences with their homeland but also with a view to the foreign country in which they live.
their own memories and experiences with their homeland, but also with a view to the foreign country in which they live
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Arens, Sarah. "Killer Stories: 'Globalizing' the Grotesque in Alain Mabanckou's African Psycho and Leïla Slimani's Chanson douce." Irish Journal of French Studies 20, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 143–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7173/164913320830841692.
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Focusing on Leïla Slimani's Chanson douce (2016) and Alain Mabanckou's African Psycho (2003), this article traces a grotesque aesthetics that draws on other globally circulated texts, such as North American crime fiction, the literary trope of the serial killer and the 'evil mother', as well as on the recognition value of the city of Paris to appeal to a global, and in particular Western readership. While this new aesthetics is clearly informed by previous generations of African literature, such as the texts that have served to illustrate Achille Mbembe's articulation of the grotesque, the 'commandement' in Slimani and Mabanckou's novels is exercised by less tangible dynamics of transnational capitalism, class differentiation, gender stereotypes, and social marginalisation. The article considers the ways in which both Slimani and Mabanckou's narratives place a new importance on, and instrumentalize the role of the audience — as readership — by making them a central element of their representation of the grotesque. The writers' public performance of their identities as celebrity literary authors then serves to better understand how their re-configuration of the grotesque as a 'globalized' aesthetic extends to a re-thinking of what African literature in French and its authors are today on the world literary market.
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Esposito, Claudia. "Reimagining North African Immigration: Identities in Flux in French Literature, Television, and Film. Edited by Véronique Machelidon and Patrick Saveau." French Studies 75, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knab017.
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Khalifé, Khadija. "Reimagining North African Immigration: Identities in flux in French Literature, Television, and Film ed. by Véronique Machelidon, and Patrick Saveau." French Review 92, no. 4 (2019): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tfr.2019.0290.
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Rabinovitch, Simon. "The Quality of Being French versus the Quality of Being Jewish: Defining the Israelite in French Courts in Algeria and the Metropole." Law and History Review 36, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 811–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248018000408.
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As the nineteenth-century French state expanded its borders in North Africa and incorporated what came to be Algeria into France, French King Louis-Phillipe, President and then Emperor Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, and various ministers of war, governors general for Algeria, and other advisors and government officials all faced the question of how and if to naturalize the territory's inhabitants as French citizens. Recent literature on the French use of law to classify and control populations in Africa has focused on the French colonial administration. This article emphasizes instead the role courts played in sorting out the legal contradictions created by French colonialism, by using the Jews in Algeria as an example. The existing precedent of the Jews' forced de-corporation and naturalization in France made their collective religious rights in Algeria particularly problematic, and cases in the Algerian and French courts highlighting the anomalous legal status of Algerian Jews eventually led to Jewish, but not Muslim, naturalization by decree in 1870. This new interpretation of Jewish naturalization in French Algeria highlights the philosophical problem that Jewish collective rights forced the French courts and French state to confront, and the barriers to resolving it.
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Brett, Michael. "Anglo-Saxon Attitudes: The Algerian War of Independence in Retrospect." Journal of African History 35, no. 2 (July 1994): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700026402.
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The English-language literature on Algeria generated by the Algerian war of independence and continuing down to the present forms an intellectual as well as linguistic tradition apart from the much more voluminous literature in French. Despite the involvement of French and North African writers who have published in English, it is largely the creation of outsiders looking at the country from British and North American points of view, according to current fashions. The war of independence remains central to its concerns as the great transformer of a colonial into a national society, however that transformation is to be understood. The qualified approval of the nationalist cause by Alistair Horne contrasts sharply with Elie Kedourie's denunciation. Most judgements have been based on the outcome, the political, social and economic performance of the regime, considered as good or bad. Since the death of Boumedienne in 1978, they have tended to be unfavourable. Their largely secular analyses, however, have been called in question since 1988 by the rise of political Islam, which has called for a reappraisal of the whole subject of the war and its consequences. Such a reappraisal is still in the future. Meanwhile Ernest Gellner, in dispute with Edward Said over the question of Orientalism, has raised the matter of the role of Islam in the history of Algeria to a high level of generalization, at which the war itself may, paradoxically, return to the forefront of international scholarly concern.
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Logvinov, Igor. "The problems of migration process in Maghrebian literary milieu." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine 29, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.1.2021.256.
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As a product of the North African region, Maghrebian literary phenomenon combines specific features of three cultures – Arab, Berber and French and today has a special place in the world literature. The purpose of the proposed article is to demonstrate how the colonization of the Maghreb, the expansion of the French culture, the policy of assimilation and acculturation, a resistance movement of the colonized peoples led to the literary bilingualism of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco that intensified the literary process in the region in a specific way. The novelty of the article consists in the fact that it reflects the deep connection between the Maghreb Francophone literature and the historical and cultural context. The Maghrebian francophone literature was constituted as early as in the 50s of the last century, but only in the 60s, thanks to the works of A. Memmi and A. Katibi was recognized as a separate area in the world literature. Research methods are a complex of comparative and historical- literary approaches, The fundamental relationship between the Maghrebian francophone literature and historical and cultural context distinguishes it from the mass of the so-called colonial literature. Conclusions. The Maghrebian francophone writers covering the issues of identity and nationality, revival of identity and rebellion, loss of identity and exile, as well as women’s emancipation, determine the specificity of this literary movement. The most famous representatives of the Maghrebian francophone literature are A. Djebar, M. Dib, A. Memmi, M. Feraun, K. Yasin etc. The creative work of these writers identified a new type of literature: d’expression franзaise, nationally specific to each of these countries. This article researches the migrants’ problems and the search for identity in the context of Franco-Maghrebian literary phenomenon of the works of two French-speaking Algerian writers and A.Djebar and L.Sebbar.
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Ahmed, Hussam R. "Egyptian Cultural Expansionism: Taha Hussein Confronts the French in North Africa (1950-1952)." Die Welt des Islams 58, no. 4 (October 16, 2018): 409–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-00584p01.
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AbstractThis article examines Taha Hussein’s (1889-1973) efforts as minister of public instruction to create Egyptian cultural institutes in Europe and North Africa between 1950 and 1952. While scholars have explored the Egyptian interest in the Mashriq before 1952, the details of Hussein’s hitherto unknown conflict with the French authorities over the creation of such institutes in the Maghrib show that Egypt also sought to officially extend its influence to the Maghrib before Nasser came to power. The article explores how Egypt and France articulated their cultural policies in the region as Egypt tried to assert itself as the guardian of Arabic and Islamic studies. Moreover, the article shows that despite Hussein’s ties to France and his controversial claim that culture should transcend politics, his negotiations reveal that the promotion of culture was his political strategy to assert an Egyptian influence, and push back against French colonial policies in North Africa.
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DUECK, JENNIFER M. "THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA IN THE IMPERIAL AND POST-COLONIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY OF FRANCE." Historical Journal 50, no. 4 (November 8, 2007): 935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x07006449.
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ABSTRACTThe imperial and post-colonial history of France has inspired an ever-growing body of literature in the last decade. Moving well beyond traditional political and economic narratives, these histories present a rich portrait of the policies, peoples, and perceptions that shaped the colonial and post-colonial experience in France and overseas. This article looks at how Arab communities and nations figure within the historiography on the period since the First World War. The first of three sections examines works devoted to culture and imperialism that span the twentieth century, with special emphasis on the differences between the scholarship emerging from French and Anglo-Saxon milieus. The second section looks at how recent histories have used the interwar years as a unit of analysis for understanding French colonialism in the Middle East and North Africa. Algeria, as the cornerstone of the empire and the theatre of the bloodiest colonial war for independence, forms the basis of the third section, which considers new conceptions of nationalism and decolonization.
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Nabipour, Pouyan. "The Postcolonial Little Prince: A Comparative Analysis of Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince and Other Works." International Research in Children's Literature 16, no. 1 (February 2023): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2023.0489.
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This study sets out to investigate the underlying colonial overtones in Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince. A comparative analysis of The Little Prince along with other writings of Saint-Exupéry's, especially his Wind, Sand and Stars, suggests that this story is a reimagining of certain incidents which Saint-Exupéry recounted in his biographical works, here revised and given symbolic metamorphosis. This paper identifies these transmutations and, through analysis of the symbolic structure of the story, explains how French imperialist and orientalist sentiments are manifested in this story, set against the socio-political climate of the North African region in the early twentieth century. The investigation draws upon theoretical discussions by Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, among others; meanwhile, I try to underline the ambivalent nature of both orientalist and humanist tendencies in Saint-Exupéry's works. The findings of this article indicate, yet again, the paramount importance of the postcolonial approach to canonical children's literature, which can help open a new dialogue through which power structures and transcendental humanistic claims in children's literature could be scrutinised.
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Bernstein, Charles. "NoOnesRose: An Interview with Pierre Joris." boundary 2 50, no. 4 (November 1, 2023): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-10694127.
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Abstract Pierre Joris discusses his literary journey from Luxembourg to Bard College to Algeria to Paris and London and finally New York. Joris focuses on his translation of Paul Celan, his engagement with the poetry of the Maghreb (culminating in his coediting of The University of California Book of North African Literature, volume 4 of Poems for the Millennium), and the importance of French poet Edmond Jabès. He goes on to address his choice to write in his fourth language, English, and the formative readings of American poetry and his connection to some of the New American Poets of the generation older than him. In the course of the interview, Joris discusses his sense of a nomadic community—or perhaps better to say “negative” or “inoperable” community. Throughout, he comes back to his commitments to writing poetry and to translation as the core the practice of poetry.
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Makhudu, Khekheti. "Sol T. Plaatje's paremiological quest: a common humanity in cultural diversity." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 55, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.55i1.1941.
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Having written and compiled from memory, over 700 Setswana proverbs when he was briefly resident in London, around the 1900s, Sol T. Plaatje exhibited unusual ethnographic knowledge and remarkable, creative translation skills in diaspora-like circumstances. While most literary researchers attest to those achievements, few have been the theories that account sufficiently for Plaatje's multilingual proverb renditions. The view propounded here is that Plaatje's paremiological enterprise was probably never only an exercise of his polyglot abilities. Rather his quest appears to have been to assert the cultural similarities and convergences between African and European people's histories. His socio-political beliefs propelled deep pride over his Setswana identity and became the driving force for highlighting the human bonds among nations of the North and the South. For Plaatje, seeing the overlaps and equivalences in and through the proverbs of the Dutch, English, French, Germans and the Batswana peoples, firstly validated orality as the bedrock of modern literary expression. Secondly, the relationship of the two seemed to recapitulate the communicative connections among people and their languages, across time and space. Lastly, the paper makes the point that Plaatje's search for unity in the cultural diversity as exhibited in his 1916 Diane tsa Setswana collection and the 1924 A Sechuana Reader stories, provides instructive lessons that present-day South Africa would ill afford to ignore considering the social cohesion challenges the nation faces.
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Meziane, Mohamad Amer. "Reflections on Race and Ethnicity in North Africa Towards a Conceptual Critique of the Arab–Berber Divide." Review of Middle East Studies 54, no. 2 (December 2020): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2021.24.
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AbstractThis essay argues that the usages of the divide between Berbers and Arabs by the Algerian government and Berber activists alike should be analyzed in light of the transformation of the Imazighen into a cultural minority by the nation-state. The nation-state's definition of the majority as Arab, as well as the very concept of a minority, has shaped both the status and the grammar of the Arab-Berber divide in ways that are irreducible to how this binary functioned under French colonialism. In order to understand the distinct modes by which these categories function in Algeria today, one needs to analyze how the language of the nation-state determines their grammar, namely how they are deployed within this political context. Hence, by focusing primarily on French colonial representations of race such as the Kabyle Myth and by asserting simplified colonial continuities, the literature fails to make sense of the political centrality of the nation-state in the construction of the Amazigh question.
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Stevens, M. "COMMEMORATIVE FEVER? FRENCH MEMORIALS TO THE VETERANS OF THE CONFLICTS IN NORTH AFRICA." French Studies Bulletin LIX, no. 97 (January 1, 2005): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/frebul/kti034.
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Elhariry, Yasser. "Abdelwahab Meddeb, Sufi Poets, and the New Francophone Lyric." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 2 (March 2016): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.2.255.
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This is the first work of criticism to read Abdelwahab Meddeb as a poet. Selfconsciously indeterminate from philosophical and poetic perspectives, Meddeb's poetry is indebted to European, especially French, high poetic modernism; to the French literary turn to the United States; and to the author's desire to be read in the lineage of the major Sufi poets of classical Arabic literature. Turning his back on the hegemony of postcolonial literary prose with the 1987 chapbook Tombeau d'Ibn Arabi, Meddeb generates a new francophone lyric infused with the Sufi traditions of al-Andalus, North Africa, and the Near and Middle Easts. His new lyric rewrites itself as a Sufi consciousness in search of what lies beyond its knowledge of its current state, and his tonguing of the new francophone lyric leads us to a long overdue analytical paradigm.
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Warscheid, Ismail. "The Persisting Spectre of Cultural Decline." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 60, no. 1-2 (January 9, 2017): 142–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341422.
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This article examines how historiography has interpreted the development of Muslim scholarship in early modern North Africa. It focuses on the continuing influence of what I call the “decline narrative” on both national historiographies and Western specialist studies. Elaborated in the context of French colonialism and consecrated by nationalist-cum-reformist discourses, the denunciation of the centuries preceding colonial conquest as an epoch of decadence has hardly been challenged. Beginning with the French historian and sociologist Jacques Berque (1910-95), however, there was a vivid interest amongst social scientists in early modern Islamic culture. The main part of the paper will be dedicated to a methodological analysis of some of these works, and, in the concluding section, I will discuss the degree to which the study of the diffusion of Islamic literacy in rural areas may serve as a starting point for a renewed approach to Islamic literature and its social foundations.1
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Pratt, Paula. "Dancing with Myriam: Creating and Staging a New Metaphor for the Process of Translation." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9q62m.
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This article tells the story, and analyzes the development, of a “staged metaphor” for the translation process, from its chance inception over ten years ago, to the more recent revision and staging of the script. In 2005, I was teaching world literature at Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, Morocco, while also researching the writing of Irish and North African women. I chose to focus on those women writing in Irish, Tachelhit, Arabic, or French, whose work had been translated into English. I was initially inspired by Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill’s poem, “The Language Issue,” which compares the "sending forth" of her writing to a potential reader, to the story of Moses being discovered by Pharoah’s daughter. My ultimate goal was to produce a chamber theatre play, based on the Irish and North African texts, which would dramatize a metaphor for the translation process. This was an outgrowth of my doctoral work, in which I had drawn on oral interpretation theorists, who see the performance of literary texts as an accepted means of doing literary criticism. Accordingly, I also expanded the project to include the observations of translation theorists, and I incorporated these into the creation of the script for a chamber theatre performance. After directing a staging of the script in Morocco in 2007, I realized that I needed to add more choreographed movement, and to incorporate the character of Moses’s and Myriam’s mother into the metaphor. The addition of dance, and the foregrounding of the relationship between Myriam and her mother, draws unapologetically on female relationships. It is my conclusion that the revised metaphor, with the addition of these elements, is validated by Yves Bonnefoy’s and Henri Meschonnic's depictions of “translation as relationship with an author,” and that, the metaphor does indeed “provide . . . fresh insights.”
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Manai, Adel. "North Africa in the Tourist Guidebooks of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 3 (May 10, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0030.
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By the dawn of the twentieth century, a guidebook was a vital element of a tourist’s packing list and an item, which a tourist could not do without. The guidebook not only provided practical and useful information, but also advised the tourist about what ‘ought to be seen’. It accompanied the development and maturation of modern tourism and witnessed an explosion in the second half of the 19th century and after. The guidebook was gradually improved, highly commercialized, popularized, and extended to many parts of the world and somehow managed to impose ‘beaten tracks’ on tourists. Similarly, the guidebook accompanied European colonial schemes, served as a tool for them and reflected their agendas and the mindset of the age. This paper is based on a large number of French and English guidebooks spanning approximately the period between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and addresses the following questions: when and how was North Africa included in the tourist guidebook literature? What visions did the guidebook provide of the region? How far did the guidebooks contribute to placing North Africa in the global tourist networks and with what effect?
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Davies, Eirlys E., and Abdelali Bentahila. "From the Medieval ḫarğāt to Contemporary Songs: Patterns of Codeswitching Involving Arabic." Arabica 61, no. 1-2 (2014): 18–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341286.
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Abstract This paper seeks to use evidence from contemporary language use to shed light on that of an earlier period. It examines a set of ḫarğāt, the closing sections of medieval Andalusian muwaššaḥ poems, which exhibit codeswitching between colloquial Andalusian Arabic and Romance, and compares the patterns of switching seen there with those used in some contemporary popular songs, in particular the Arabic-French switching used in the rai lyrics of North Africa. On the basis of the parallels and contrasts observed, some remarks are made about what the language of these ḫarğāt suggests about their origins and authors.
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Afferri, Anna, Haddijatou Allen, Andrew Booth, Susan Dierickx, Allan Pacey, and Julie Balen. "Barriers and facilitators for the inclusion of fertility care in reproductive health policies in Africa: a qualitative evidence synthesis." Human Reproduction Update 28, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmab040.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Infertility affects over 50 million couples worldwide and impacts people’s social and emotional wellbeing. In low- and middle-income countries, particularly across Africa, the inclusion of fertility care into reproductive health (RH) policies remains fragmented or non-existent. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aims to provide a framework for understanding the inclusion (or lack thereof) of fertility care in RH policies in African settings. It synthesizes the barriers and facilitators to such inclusion, with a view to uncovering the positioning of fertility care in broader health systems and on the agendas of key stakeholders such as health policymakers and practitioners. SEARCH METHODS A qualitative evidence synthesis was performed, systematically searching papers and grey literature. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus between February and April 2020. No date restrictions were applied. Language was limited to publications written in English and French. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, and extracted data, applying thematic coding. The quality of the included papers was evaluated using The Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Text and Opinion Papers. OUTCOMES The search identified 744 papers, of which 20 were included. Findings were organized under four cross-cutting categories, namely: perceived importance of infertility; influence of policy context; resource availability and access; and perceived quality of care. Across these categories, key barriers to the inclusion of fertility care in RH policies were limited political commitment, under-recognition of the burden of infertility and high costs associated with ART. Conversely, facilitators comprised specialized training on infertility for healthcare providers, standard procedures for ART safety and guidelines and North–South/South–South collaborations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The inclusion of fertility care in African RH policies depends upon factors that include the recognition of infertility as a disease, strong political engagement and proactivity and affordability of ART through opportunities for partnership with the private sector, which ease costs on the public health system. Further qualitative and quantitative research, including context-specific analysis and in-depth comparative approaches across diverse African countries, will help to delineate differential impacts of local and global factors on fertility care to address this neglected RH issue.
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Prozhogina, Svetlana V. "Duality of East and West: Interdependence and Complementarity in the Mirror of Literature." Oriental Courier, no. 1 (2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310025307-5.
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Literature as the art of the word reflects the surrounding world in all manifestations associated with the historical, social, and general cultural context that affects the psychology of both the author and the characters of his works. The era of colonial conquests, the growing interest of the West in the East gave rise to a special type of art associated with the concept of Orientalism, which served as a kind of “ornamentalism” for the romantic moods of the authors and their intention to present their East to the West. Along the way, Oriental studies as a science of the East related to real phenomena in the diversity of Eastern cultures and traditions of the world order in the East. France and the countries of the western tip of North Africa that it has captured allow us to adjust the concepts of Orientalism and Occidentalism. The literature, formed in the era of colonialism in the Maghreb, became not only a product of national history, but also a nationally colored response to French literary Orientalism in an “occidental” form, facilitated by francophones, which also exists in the field of modern French culture. Occidentalized emigrants and immigrants settled in the West — ethnic Maghrebians, influencing the world order of France (demography, economy, politics, culture), retain their own identity, manifested both in the assessment of the surrounding reality and in the desire to preserve originality in the context of globalization. The noted phenomena of the evolution of modern cultures and literatures of the East and West make it possible to differentiate such concepts as Orientalism, Africanism, and Occidentalism in goal-setting manifestations in correlation with national traditions and innovations, which makes it possible to objectively study both the East and the West in a variety of mutual influences, interaction, mutual repulsion, and complementarity.
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Bharat, Adi S. "Next year in Jerusalem? ‘La nouvelle judéophobie’, neo-crypto-Judaism and the future of French Jews in Éliette Abécassis’s Alyah." French Cultural Studies 29, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155818773977.
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Éliette Abécassis, one of the principal flagbearers of a nascent contemporary Jewish-French literature, has written a novel entitled Alyah, which engages in a series of reflections on the future of Jewish life in France. Among other themes, Abécassis tackles the memory of Jewish life in North Africa, especially in Morocco, the relationship between antisemitism and anti-Zionism, the affective value of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict for Jews and Muslims in France, and ‘la nouvelle judéophobie’. In this article, I read Alyah in its socio-political context in order to suggest that, while Abécassis highlights at times the potential for Jewish-Muslim solidarity, the novel ends up reproducing an oppositional, conflictual binary of Jews versus Muslims – something that Maud Mandel has termed a ‘narrative of polarisation’.
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Hobbs, David B. "Lyric Commodification in McKay’s Morocco." English Language Notes 59, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-8815060.
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Abstract Reassessing Claude McKay’s writing about North Africa, this article contends that McKay saw sites in this region as uniquely felicitous to staging conversations between global socialism and the Black diasporic avant-garde. His attention to site-specific interracial urban cultures serves as a counterpoint to the Depression-fueled Pan-Africanism that increasingly defined W. E. B. Du Bois’s editorials for the Crisis. At the same time, McKay’s persistent interest in the activities of the Liberator suggests a surprising resonance between their aesthetics to his locodescriptive verse. Bringing these strands together, the article finds that McKay did not seek a synesthetic resolution to the question of organizing an urban community or an integrationist racial future but, rather, sought to highlight the importance of dissensus despite global uncertainty. The article considers McKay’s formal poetics and fiction together, comparing his visual tactics with the French and British Colonial Expositions’ “panoramas.”
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Alomran, Maryam, George Newcombe, and Timothy Prather. "Ventenata dubia’s native range and consideration of plant pathogens for biological control." Invasive Plant Science and Management 12, no. 4 (December 2019): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2019.24.
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AbstractVentenata [Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss.] is a nonindigenous, invasive grass in the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. It appears to be present in the PNW without any evidence of disease expression. Surveys of V. dubia in the PNW (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington) were entirely negative for fungi, including types of pathogens that might be expected in grasses (e.g., rust, powdery mildew, choke). In Europe, where V. dubia is native, fungi were documented (i.e., Septoria ventenatae Sandu, Tilletia fusca Ellis & Everh., and Tilletia elisabethae T. Denchev & Denchev) on V. dubia. In its native range there likely are natural enemies that may limit V. dubia abundance, and these may include fungal pathogens. Pathogens of V. dubia from its native range may hold potential for use as classical biological control agents in North America, and if deemed safe, could be introduced. To ascertain V. dubia’s native range, we compiled data from herbarium specimens, consulted with herbarium curators in the region, and searched relevant literature. We found that V. dubia primarily is reported in southern Europe and western Asia. Ventenata dubia has been reported only occasionally from North Africa in Algeria and Morocco. The common name “North Africa grass” likely originated from references to V. dubia in the 19th-century botanical explorations in Algeria of the French botanist, Ernest Cosson, who published the current scientific name based on a preexisting name in 1854. Another finding of interest is that the latitudinal range of collections from Europe and North Africa of V. dubia spans Tunisia to Finland. The plant may thus be adapted to a range of environments, indicating it could become more widely distributed in North America. Efforts to search its native range for pathogens should also consider the range of environmental conditions found within its native and introduced ranges.
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NICOLÌ, Vanni. "The double relation between democracy and free elections: The Tunisian and Algerian cases." Jus & Justicia 17, no. 2 (2023): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.58944/qngv1432.
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This article aims to demonstrate the double link between democracy and free elections. There must be free elections in a democratic country; free elections are a fundamental point of democracy. Academic literature has demonstrated the existence and importance of this link. In particular, this paper examines the cases of Tunisia and Algeria with an analysis of their latest national elections and the adoption of their latest Constitutions. This examination will follow a comparative method through a micro and macro-comparison analyzing the legislative and constitutional changes in the two countries and their comparison with the Islamic political system and the constitutional model of the French Fifth Republic that influenced the institutions and constitutional productions in North Africa. The limitation coming from this work may derive from producing an analysis anchored in European political and legal values. The analysis takes into account the peculiarities of the Islamic world and relies on universally recognized values that identify and characterize a democracy. Finally, the investigation of the link between these two institutions seeks to understand a relevant thing. The presence and circulation of constitutional models without a solid democratic political foundation cannot succeed. We witness in these countries an abuse of the French system that renders them incapable of intercepting and accommodating their populations’ demands for freedom.
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Ha, Sha. "Plague and Literature in Western Europe, from Giovanni Boccaccio to Albert Camus." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 9, no. 3 (August 25, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.9n.3p.1.
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In medieval times the plague hit Europe between 1330 and 1350. The Italian novelist Giovanni Boccaccio, one of the exponents of the cultural movement of Humanism, in the introduction (proem) of his “Decameron” described the devastating effects of the ‘black plague’ on the inhabitants of the city of Florence. The pestilence returned to Western Europe in several waves, between the 16th and 17th centuries. William Shakespeare in “Romeo and Juliet” and other tragedies, and Ben Jonson in “The Alchemist” made several references to the plague, but they did not offer any realistic description of that infective disease. Some decennials later Daniel Defoe, in his “A Journal of the Plague Year” (1719), gave a detailed report about the ‘Great Plague’ which hit England in 1660, based on documents of the epoch. In more recent times, Thomas S. Eliot, composing his poem “The Waste Land” was undoubtedly influenced by the spreading of another infective disease, the so-called “Spanish flu”, which affected him and his wife in December 1918. Some decennials later, the French writer and philosopher Albert Camus, in his novel “The Plague”, symbolized with a plague epidemic the war which devastated Europe, North Africa and the Far East from 1937 to 1945, extolling a death toll of over 50 million victims. Those literary works offered a sort of solace to the lovers of literature. To recall them is the purpose of the present paper, in these years afflicted by the spreading of the Covid-19 Pandemic.
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Dobie, Madeleine. "The Enlightenment at War." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 5 (October 2009): 1851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.5.1851.
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Though few today, even in academic circles, can say with certainty when, where, or over what issues the seven years' war was fought, this mid-eighteenth-century conflict can fairly be characterized as the first global war. It was fought on three continents—Europe, North America, and Asia—and there were significant encounters in West Africa and the Caribbean. It engaged all the European powers, and it is estimated to have cost over a million lives. The historian Linda Colley has characterized the Seven Years' War as “[t]he most dramatically successful war the British ever fought” (101). From the standpoint of empire, this assessment is accurate. The war established the contours of the vast British Empire and brought the rival French presence in North America and India to a sudden end. It also had transformative outcomes for the populations caught in the crossfire. Terms such as global, diaspora, refugee, and cultural minority are more widely applied in discussions of contemporary transnational warfare, but they helpfully illuminate the upheavals associated with this eighteenth-century conflict. The global warfare of the 1750s–60s relegated the indigenous population of North America to the status of an embattled cultural minority, and it turned thousands of francophone Canadians into refugees. Yet despite its scale and the social and political fallout it occasioned, the Seven Years' War has never occupied a central place in the national narratives of its major contestants or in the historiography of the Enlightenment. The main reason for this low profile, I think, is that the war was a many-sided conflict, fought on both metropolitan and colonial fronts. Because of this multilateralism, the war has had a fragmented historical reception, a fracture reflected in the various names by which it has come to be known. The label Seven Years' War is generally used to refer to the fighting that took place in Europe. The war in North America, on the other hand, goes under the name French and Indian War, though in Quebec it is remembered more acrimoniously as the War of Conquest. Histories of India often inventory the warfare of the 1750s–60s under the academic-sounding title Third Carnatic War; a more meaningful characterization would be that it marked the starting point of British rule in India.
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Reeck, Matt. "The Poetics of the Orphan in Abdelkébir Khatibi's Early Work." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 25, no. 1 (September 15, 2017): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2017.706.
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Like many North African, Francophone, and world writers whose lives span the historic divide of independence from colonialism, Abdelkébir Khatibi’s work focuses in large part upon the idea of encounter, or, in French, “rencontre.” In this paper I focus upon the figure of the orphan in La mémoire tatouée and Le lutteur de classe à la manière taoïste, two of his earliest texts. By focusing upon the orphan as a multivalent term, and by following Khatibi’s emphasis upon language, literature, and even life itself as a game or experiment, we can see how Khatibi creates an ethics of encounter that derives its meaning from recuperating a negatively connotated word and transforming it into a term of positive value. With the term “orphan,” he shows how through encountering the Other, by extending beyond into the unknown, by exceeding the circumscriptions of ancestry, identity, and national culture, the individual rises into a new status of free living. Moreover, it is equally through the practice of writing that life redounds with life; writing for Khatibi is never a mimetic representation of life per se but a space for experimenting, for discovery, and for exceeding the parochial nature of an individual’s physical placement in the world. In this sense, the orphan status of his writing shows itself through his aggressively restless, polyphonic, and ageneric writing that uses the localization of genre only as a hinge to push against in the quest to articulate a new relation to the world.
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Monden, Christiaan, Gilles Pison, and Jeroen Smits. "Twin Peaks: more twinning in humans than ever before." Human Reproduction 36, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 1666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab029.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION How many twins are born in human populations and how has this changed over recent decades? SUMMARY ANSWER Since the 1980s, the global twinning rate has increased by a third, from 9.1 to 12.0 twin deliveries per 1000 deliveries, to about 1.6 million twin pairs each year. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY It was already known that in the 1980s natural twinning rates were low in (East) Asia and South America, at an intermediate level in Europe and North America, and high in many African countries. It was also known that in recent decades, twinning rates have been increasing in the wealthier parts of our world as a result of the rise in medically assisted reproduction (MAR) and delayed childbearing. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We have brought together all information on national twinning rates available from statistical offices, demographic research institutes, individual survey data and the medical literature for the 1980–1985 and the 2010–2015 periods. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS For 165 countries, covering over 99% of the global population, we were able to collect or estimate twinning rates for the 2010–2015 period. For 112 countries, we were also able to obtain twinning rates for 1980–1985. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Substantial increases in twinning rates were observed in many countries in Europe, North America and Asia. For 74 out of 112 countries the increase was more than 10%. Africa is still the continent with highest twinning rates, but Europe, North America and Oceania are catching up rapidly. Asia and Africa are currently home to 80% of all twin deliveries in the world. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION For some countries, data were derived from reports and papers based on hospital registrations which are less representative for the country as a whole than data based on public administrations and national surveys. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The absolute and relative number of twins for the world as a whole is peaking at an unprecedented level. An important reason for this is the tremendous increase in medically assisted reproduction in recent decades. This is highly relevant, as twin deliveries are associated with higher infant and child mortality rates and increased complications for mother and child during pregnancy and during and after delivery. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The contribution of CM was partially supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant No 681546, FAMSIZEMATTERS), Nuffield College, and the Leverhulme Trust. The contribution of GP was partially supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant No ANR-18-CE36-0007-07). The authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Galal, Bayan, Stefany Lazieh, Samir Al-Ali, and Kaveh Khoshnood. "Assessing vaccine hesitancy in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e045348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045348.
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IntroductionVaccine-preventable disease outbreaks have increased in past years, and there is great public health interest in monitoring attitudes towards vaccination as well as identifying factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Although the WHO declared vaccine hesitancy as one of the top threats to global health in 2019, studies focused on the determinants and extent of vaccine hesitancy in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are lacking. This scoping review explores the various factors surrounding vaccine hesitancy, including but not limited to geographic, cultural and religious factors, and examines the extent and nature of the existing evidence on this topic. In light of current development of various COVID-19 vaccines, our work seeks to elucidate the barriers to vaccine uptake in specific populations.Methods and analysisThis review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Scoping Reviews. It will comply with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Studies published in English, Arabic and French between January 1998 and December 2020 will be drawn from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus. The search strategy will include terms related to vaccination and vaccine hesitancy in Arab countries in the MENA region. We will also include grey literature on the topic by searching Google and Google Scholar. Studies will be selected according to the Participants-Intervention-Comparators-Outcome model, and all study titles and abstracts will be screened by two reviewers. Disagreements will be resolved with a third reviewer’s input.Ethics and disseminationThis review is exempted from ethical approval and will be published in a peer-reviewed open-access journal to ensure wide dissemination.
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Ichim-Radu, Mihaela Nicoleta. "Vasile Alecsandri: Unique Aspects of the Biographical Itinerary vs. Recovery of the Writer's Memory." Intertext, no. 1/2 (57/58) (October 2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54481/intertext.2021.1.08.
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Among the writers of his generation, Alecsandri is the most comprehensive one, expressing not only the patriotic aspirations and desires, but also the discoveries from the universe of the private life and trying to make himself noticed in almost all the main literary genres and species. By different circumstances, Alecsandri gets to travel through Moldavia, Wallachia, Bucovina and Transylvania, to the European part of Turkey, to Italy, Austria, Germany, France, Spain, Great Britain, North of Africa, either for personal pleasure, to accompany Elena Negri, who was trying to find a more favourable climate for her fragile health, or for official business. All these travels and each of them separately are part of the development of his creation, leaving marks in his fiction and poetry and “it is printed on the screen of the human experience which defines his public and private personality”. In one of these travels, Alecsandri will discover the folk poetry, discovery which will profoundly mark his destiny as a writer and it will also have immeasurable consequences on the entire development of the Romanian literature from the last century, but also from the years to follow. As a result of the translations into French, German and English of the folk poems or of some of his original poems, Alecsandri becomes one of our first modern writers who became famous also abroad, being accessible to the foreign world.
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Seoud, M. A., K. M. Seoud, S. Lindely, and S. Anis. "Human papilloma virus (HPV): Burden of the disease in cervical cancer in the Extended Middle East and North Africa (EMENA). A comprehensive review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e16577-e16577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e16577.
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e16577 Background: Cervical cancer is less common in the EMENA than in the rest of the world. The purpose of this paper is to review the prevalence of HPV in the general population (GP), in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and in cervical cancer (CCA) in the EMENA. Methods: We performed an extensive literature search (English and French literature). Data extracted included information on the method of HPV detection and HPV type-specific data, age, and the histology of the CCA when available. Results: In North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, and Egypt): The prevalence of HPV varied from 5%-12% in the low-risk GP and to 20%-49% in the high-risk GP such as prostitutes. In CIN it varied from 25%-90% (HPV 16 in 40%-100%). In CCA HPV was present in 61%-98% of cases (HPV 16 in 50%-73%). In the Middle East (Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel): The prevalence of HPV was 1.8%-13% in the low-risk GP, in CIN it was 32%-88% (HPV 16 in 10%-30%), and in CCA it varied from 45%-78% (HPV 16 in 31–67%). In the gulf countries (UAE): HPV was found in 4%-11% of the low-risk GP and 20%-30% in the high GP. HPV was present in 37% in LSIL and 67% in HSIL. In CCA, High-risk HPV was present in 87% of specimen in one study. In Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan: HPV was present in 1.5%-13% in the low-risk GP, and up to 42.9% in patients with abnormal smears. In CIN HPV was found in 50% to 100% (HPV 16 in up to 76%). In CCA, HPV was detected in 60%-100% (HPV 16 in 27%-95%). In the GP the age range was 30–50 years, while in CIN it was 30–60 years, and in CCA it was 30–70 years. The studies were varied with small number of patients and varied detection methods that are difficult to compare. Most were PCR, few were Hybrid Capture (I or II). Conclusions: Although the studies on the prevalence of HPV in the EMENA region are not abundant, but there is enough data to suggest that the prevalence of HPV is around 5%-12% in the GP, 30%-80% in CIN and 60%-90% in cervical cancer with HPV 16 as the most predominant type. [Table: see text]
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Cazenave, Odile. "Retracing Assia Djebar's Steps." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 1 (January 2016): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.1.140.
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There is something daunting about writing an homage to an artist who just died. One is faced with questions of proximity, expertise, and knowledge: questions on how to evoke the person and oeuvre without giving oneself too much prominence, questions on the intended audience and adequate tonality as well as the standpoint one is speaking from. This is especially true with the Algerian writer, filmmaker, historian, and playwright Assia Djebar: “As a Moslem woman, educated in the French system while her country was still under de-facto colonial rule and witness to eight years of brutal war while still in her twenties, Djebar is the only writer of her sex and her generation who has managed an impressive output both before and after her country's accession to independence” (Zimra, Afterword 163). As Clarisse Zimra further reminds us in “A Daughter's Call,” “By the time of her death, Assia Djebar had been writing for nearly sixty years.” The range of her training, her professional experience on three continents (Africa, Europe, North America), and her practice of different genres are just as impressive. She received several prestigious awards, including the FIPRESCI Prize at the Venice Film Festival in 1979 for her film La nouba des femmes du mont Chenoua (1978; “The Nouba of the Women of Mount Chenoua”) and the Neustadt Prize (1996), often considered a gateway to the Nobel Prize (for which she was short-listed twice). Elected to the Académie Française in 2005, she is, as Zimra remarks, “une immortelle.”
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Outammat, Sara. "Traduire la culture orale : quelques aspects liés à la traduction dans le contexte Amazighe." Traduction et Langues 21, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v21i1.884.
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Translating Oral Culture : Some Translation Aspects In The Amazigh Context
Orality is a field of research that is gaining perpetually popularity among ethnologists, and linguists. The status of oral literature is so particular. It is like the other side of written literature, its secret voice, its ignored or feared side. In North Africa, oral literature has always existed, circulated, and is still alive and often considered subversive. Also, it often plays a decisive role in the constitution of cultural identities. To preserve its identity, the Amazigh people have built and struggled for the survival of their oral tradition/culture in time and space. This ongoing struggle of researchers, activists, and academic institutions is based on repetition, transcription, and translation. This study deals with ethnographic texts (oral tales) according to a translatological approach specifically the translatability of cultural issues. To test the translatability of Amazigh oral culture, we opted for tales as a special genre compared to other oral literary genres. Its specificity lies in the fact that it survives through storytelling, represents a community/culture, and can house all other forms of oral literature such as riddles, proverbs, poems, etc. Our study corpus consists of 18 unpublished oral Amazigh tales collected in southeastern Morocco (Aoufous, Tafilalet). Thanks to recording equipment, we were able to record meetings with storytellers (of different ages, professions, and intellectual levels) in many real storytelling situations. This analysis uses concrete examples related to the performance aspect and the cultural background of the tales in question by submitting each example to an ethnological and stylistic analysis before moving on to its translatability. It shows a set of aspects that shape Amazigh oral tale characteristics and pose cultural, linguistic, and stylistic challenges to the transcriber-translator. This academic contribution aims to discuss two main points: Firstly, the fact of switching from the oral world to the writing world as the first level of translation given the difference in codes, language, style, conditions of storytelling, and audience. And secondly, the cultural challenges posed by the transition from an African/Morrocan to a European/French culture such as the non-equivalence in literary genres, polysemic terms, culturemes, puns, and other elements tracing the cultural realities contained in Amazigh oral tales. What we have sought to show in this reflection is that: if the written literary text imposes a set of rules on translators, and forces them to take into account its linguistic and extralinguistic specificities, the oral artistic production requires double attention before and during the translation operation because it reflects a whole culture using gestural and vocal performance in front of a specific audience. Any gesture, sound, or silence carries symbol and meaning. Nothing comes of chance when it comes to the oral tradition that reflects a common socio-cultural system and worldview. In this case, it is recommended not to lose sight of the fact that what is significant for a person belonging to the culture of departure may not necessarily be so for someone else belonging to the culture of arrival. To open the cultural portals of the tale, the translator must show flexibility ( when it’s about choosing the suitable translation technics), and avoid any form of ethnocentrism by taking into consideration two important elements: Cultural resistance (knowing how much the tale is rooted in one's own culture) and Cultural distance (Knowing what distance separates the source tale from the target tale). In order to avoid, as far
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Hiddleston, Jane. "Francophone North African Literature." French Studies 70, no. 1 (November 17, 2015): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knv270.
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Monge-Montero, Carmen, Liandré F. van der Merwe, Katerina Papadimitropoulou, Carlo Agostoni, and Paola Vitaglione. "Mixed milk feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence and drivers." Nutrition Reviews 78, no. 11 (May 1, 2020): 914–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa016.
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Abstract Context Extensive literature is available on exclusive breastfeeding and formula-feeding practices and health effects. In contrast, limited and unstructured literature exists on mixed milk feeding (MMF), here defined as the combination of breastfeeding and formula feeding during the same period in term infants > 72 hours old (inclusion criterion). Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, on the global prevalence of MMF (primary outcome) and related drivers and practices (secondary outcomes). Data Sources The search of MMF in generally healthy populations was conducted across 6 databases, restricted to publications from January 2000 to August 2018 in English, Spanish, French, and Mandarin. Data Extraction Two reviewers independently performed screenings and data extraction according to a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data Analysis Of the 2931 abstracts identified, 151 full-text publications were included for data extraction and 96 of those were included for data synthesis (the majority of those were cross-sectional and cohort studies). The authors summarized data across 5 different categories (feeding intention prenatally, and 4 age intervals between > 72 hours and > 6–23 months) and 5 regional subgroups. The overall prevalence of MMF across different age intervals and regions varied between 23% and 32%; the highest rate was found for the age group 4–6 months (32%; 95% confidence interval, 27%–38%); regional comparisons indicated highest MMF rates in Asia (34%), North and South America (33%), and Middle East and Africa together (36%), using a random effects meta-analysis model for proportions. Some drivers and practices for MMF were identified. Conclusion MMF is a widespread feeding reality. A shared and aligned definition of MMF will help shed light on this feeding practice and evaluate its influence on the duration of total breastfeeding, as well as on infants’ nutrition status, growth, development, and health status in the short and long terms. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018105337.
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Ammar, Achraf, Michael Brach, Khaled Trabelsi, Hamdi Chtourou, Omar Boukhris, Liwa Masmoudi, Bassem Bouaziz, et al. "Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583.
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Background: Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Methods: Following a structured review of the literature, the “Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)” Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses “before” and “during” confinement conditions. Results: 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. Conclusion: While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement.
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Mackaman-Lofland, Catalina. "The “Eternal Dependence of the Maghreb”." French Politics, Culture & Society 41, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2023.410302.
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Abstract The 1930 Centenary of French Algeria celebrated a triumphalist vision of Algerian history that offset France's supposed colonial successes against the long sweep of North African history. Professors of the Faculté des lettres d'Alger played a leading role in elaborating this narrative through a series of historical texts published for the occasion. In them, they drew on prior historical and geographical research to defend the legitimacy of French colonialism across North Africa. Though dominant, their interpretation of North African history was not universally accepted. The following year, it encountered its first substantial critique from within French academia. Viewed together, these competing North African historical narratives reveal French imaginaries of a consolidating African empire—and the possibilities of thinking beyond it—in the interwar period.
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Lucy Brisley. "French Studies: African and Maghreb Literature." Year's Work in Modern Language Studies 76 (2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5699/yearworkmodlang.76.2014.0099.
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Bray, Maryse, Aline Cook, Helene Gill, Debra Kelly, Samantha Neath, Ethel Tolansky, and Margaret Majumdar. "FRENCH STUDIES: AFRICAN AND MAGHREB LITERATURE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 57, no. 1 (January 2, 1995): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2222-4297-90000742.
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