Academic literature on the topic 'North American banks'
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Journal articles on the topic "North American banks"
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Arnold, Lois D. W. "North American Milk Banks." Journal of Human Lactation 8, no. 4 (1992): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033449200800427.
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Boye, Gary R. "Lagniappe: Country Music in North Carolina: Pickin' in the Old North State." North Carolina Libraries 61, no. 3 (2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v61i3.167.
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While all Southern states share historical connections in culture and geography, North Carolina is in many ways unique. From the Outer Banks to the industrial Piedmont to the High Country of the west, the state has a unique mix of regions and cultures. Music figures prominently in North Carolina, and its musicians reflect the diversity of the geography. The state’s earliest musicians were the Native Americans, especially the Cherokee, whose music has been recorded and studied in some detail. European-American music has flourishedsince colonial days: in Salem, the Moravian church has sponsored the development of sacred choral and instrumental music for over 200 years. In the early twentieth century a distinct African American blues style originated from the textile mill and tobacco towns of the Piedmont region.
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KURCZEWSKI, FRANK E., RICK C. WEST, CECILIA WAICHERT, KELLY C. KISSANE, DARRELL UBICK, and JAMES P. PITTS. "New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)." Zootaxa 4891, no. 1 (2020): 1–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1.
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New and unusual host records for 133 species and subspecies of Pompilidae predominantly from the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America are presented in modified taxonomic order. First-time species host records are given for Calopompilus Ashmead, Pepsis Fabricius, Hemipepsis Dahlbom, Priocnessus Banks, Entypus Dahlbom, Pompilocalus Roig-Alsina, Sphictostethus Kohl, Auplopus Spinola, Ageniella Banks, Eragenia Banks, Aporus Spinola, Poecilopompilus Ashmead, Tachypompilus Ashmead, Anoplius Dufour, Priochilus (Fabricius) and Notocyphus Smith. New host spider families are introduced for Calopompilus, Pepsis, Hemipepsis, Priocnessus, Entypus, Cryptocheilus Panzer, Priocnemis Schiødte, Auplopus, Ageniella, Eragenia, Aporus, Tachypompilus, Anoplius, Priochilus and Notocyphus. Eight host spider families are reported from the Western Hemisphere for the first time: Halonoproctidae (Notocyphus dorsalis dorsalis Cresson); Dipluridae (Pepsis pretiosa Dahlbom, P. montezuma Smith, P. infuscate Spinola, P. atripennis Fabricius, P. martini Vardy, Priocnessus vancei Waichert and Pitts); Nemesiidae (Pepsis pallidolimbata Lucas, P. viridis Lepeletier, P. spp., Pompilocalus hirticeps (Guérin), Sphictostethus gravesii (Haliday), S. striatulus Roig-Alsina, Priocnemis oregona Banks); Barychelidae (Eragenia sp.); Paratropididae (Pepsis stella Montet); Trechaleidae (Hemipepsis toussainti (Banks), Entypus unifasciatus cressoni (Banks), Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say), Tachypompilus unicolor cerinus Evans, Priochilus gloriosum (Cresson); Desidae (Ageniella accepta (Cresson), Sphictostethus isodontus Roig-Alsina) and Selenopidae (Priochilus scrupulum (Fox), Tachypompilus erubescens (Taschenberg) or xanthopterus (Rohwer)). The first known host records for the rare South American pompilid genera Chirodamus (Lycosidae: Lycosa sp.) and Herbstellus (Nemesiidae: Diplothelopsis cf bonariensis Mello-Leitão) are presented.
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Bidaut-Russell, Michelle, Rivka Ravid, Daniel W. McKeel, Felix F. Cruz-Sánchez, and George T. Grossberg. "Survey of North American and European Dementia Brain Banks." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 9, no. 4 (1995): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-199500940-00004.
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Bidaut-Russell, Michelle, Rivka Ravid, Daniel W. McKeel, Felix F. Cruz-Sánchez, and George T. Grossberg. "Survey of North American and European Dementia Brain Banks." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 9, no. 4 (1995): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-199509040-00004.
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Reeves, R. Marcel. "The genus Odontocepheus (Acari: Oribatida: Carabodidae) in North America, with description of a new species." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 11 (1995): 1983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-233.
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Adults of Odontocepheus rumbleseatus n.sp. are described, the second Odontocepheus species known from North America. An unusual, deep posterior depression on the notogaster easily separates this species from all others in the genus Odontocepheus. Specimens were collected from hardwood leaf litter and rotten wood. The known distribution is Illinois and West Virginia south to northern Florida. Additional characters for separating the North American species O. oblongus (Banks) from O. elongatus (Michael) in Europe are presented, and the presence of O. elongatus in North America is documented.
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Wu, Yurui, Tonghao Sun, and Hangjun Ren. "Empowering Tourism: Shared Power Banks for Sustainable Tourism Development in North America." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 52, no. 1 (2023): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/52/20230761.
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This paper explores the transformative role of shared power banks in North American tourism. As electronic devices become indispensable for travelers and sustainable tourism gains momentum, shared power banks emerge as a solution to address charging needs while fostering local economies and enriching visitor experiences. The study analyzes the economic and cultural impact of shared power banks. These devices not only generate revenue through rentals and advertising but also promote local products and cultural attractions, enhancing the overall tourist experience. A user behavior survey conducted by us highlights attitudes toward shared power banks. While adoption is growing, users appreciate the convenience and stress reduction they offer, despite concerns about cleanliness and security. Successful case studies from tourist destinations worldwide, like Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area and Gallerian shopping mall in Sweden, demonstrate the positive effect of shared power banks on engagement and prolonged stays. The paper envisions the future of shared power banks, leveraging intelligent integration, digital services, mobile apps, and emerging tech to enhance user experiences and responsible travel behavior. Collaborative initiatives among authorities, enterprises, and service providers are vital for sustainable tourism progress. In summary, shared power banks present an innovative solution to bolster North American tourism by providing convenience, boosting local economies, and embracing sustainability. These devices are poised to reshape tourist destinations significantly.
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Stark, Bill P., and C. Riley Nelson. "Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of genus Yoraperla (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 25, no. 3 (1994): 241–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631294x00072.
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AbstractYoraperla Ricker, 1952 is revised and 4 nearctic and 3 oriental species are recognized. Three new species, X siletz, Y. han and Y. uchidai, are described and Y. nigrisoma (Banks, 1948) is removed from the synonymy of Y. brevis (Banks, 1907). Phylogenetic and zoogeographic analyses support the hypothesis of two disjunct clades isolated by an increase in sea level in the Bering Straits. The east Asian clade is consistently resolved with the two Korean species Y. han and Y. uchidai forming a sister group relationship apart from the Japanese species Y. uenoi, while resolution of the western North American clade is less secure. Yoraperla probably arose in the Sierra Nevada of North America and migrated to east Asia along an inland route including the Rocky Mts. Future collection and conservation suggestions are given.
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Jiang, Xingnan. "Operational risk and its impact on North American and British banks." Applied Economics 50, no. 8 (2017): 920–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2017.1346363.
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Cherniawsky, Donna M., and Randall J. Bayer. "Systematics of North American Petasites (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). III. A taxonomic revision." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 12 (1998): 2061–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-222.
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Petasites Mill. (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) is a taxonomically difficult genus of polygamodioecious, perennial herbs with a widespread distribution across North America. As many as 10 species and as few as two species (Petasites sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) A. Gray and Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries with three varieties), with one hybrid taxon, have been recognized previously. Considerable taxonomic controversy has surrounded the genus as a result of a conservative floral morphology and a high degree of polymorphism in leaf morphology. Additionally, a number of intergrading leaf forms among those with rather consistent taxonomic characteristics across various treatments have contributed to the taxonomic ambivalence surrounding Petasites. Our taxonomic revision of North American Petasites is based on results obtained from recent multivariate morphometric and isozyme analyses. These data have indicated that taxa of Petasites are not sufficiently differentiated, morphologically or isozymically, from one another to warrant the recognition of separate species. Therefore, Petasites is circumscribed as a single species containing three varietal taxa and one hybrid taxon between two of the varieties. Although our circumscription of P. sagittatus is in accordance with most previous circumscriptions, we have removed it from the rank of species to varietal status under P. frigidus. The new combination Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) Cherniawsky is proposed. Subsequent to the new status of one of its parental taxa (P. frigidus var. sagittatus), the new combination for Petasites ×vitifolius (Greene) Bogle is proposed: Petasites frigidus var. ×vitifolius (Greene) Cherniawsky. The three entities of the frigidus complex are united under one polymorphic taxon, P. frigidus var. frigidus and the circumscription and name of Petasites frigidus var.palmatus (Ait.) Cronq. is in accordance with previous authors. A complete list of synonymy and a key to the taxa of Petasites is presented together with distribution maps.Key words: Petasites, Asteraceae, Senecioneae, North America, taxonomic revision.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "North American banks"
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Wetzell, Lauren McKinnon. "Simple Models For Predicting Dune Erosion Hazards Along The Outer Banks Of North Carolina." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000191.
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Dahmani, Mohammed. "Les effets de la crise financière et bancaire de 2007-2008 sur les comportements des banques : ces effets ont-ils changé les comportements des banques ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1097.
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La problématique de la thèse : en quoi les effets de la crise financière et bancaire de 2007-2008 ont influé les comportements de banques et en quoi ces derniers consistent-ils ? Pour ce faire, nous avons montré, d’abord, que le bilan et le compte de résultats sont des outils explicatifs de comportements stratégiques et opérationnels de banques. Vu la responsabilité particulière des banques de grande taille dans cette crise, nous avons exploité les données des 200 premières banques mondiales figurant dans le classement de 2006 (avant crise) et de 2012 (après crise) extraites de la base «The Banker» en utilisant, ensuite, l’analyse factorielle exploratoire pour découvrir les facteurs latents qui influencent leurs comportements dans une logique de statique comparative. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la crise a changé ces comportements. Au plan de comportement stratégique, les banques européennes s’orientent, en 2012, vers le modèle de banque de «détail pur» alors qu’en 2006 elles se répartissaient sur 3 modèles: «détail pur»; «mixtes»; «marché». Pour les banques de l’Amérique du Nord et de l’Asie-Pacifique, déjà spécialisées dans le «détail pur» en 2006, le restent pour 2012. Au plan de comportement opérationnel, les banques européennes passent d’une focalisation sur la rentabilité vers le renforcement de la suffisance de capital. Les banques nord-américaines et de l’Asie–Pacifique, focalisées sur l’activité en 2006, s’orientent sur la rentabilité en 2012. En conclusion, 2 recommandations pour les régulateurs financiers : s’assurer que la tendance vers le modèle de banque de «détail pur» soit de long terme et accorder une attention accrue à la taille du bilan<br>The thesis problem: how the effects of the financial and banking crisis of 2007-2008 have influenced the behavior of banks and what do they consist of ? To do this, we showed, first, that the balance sheet and income statement are good explanatory tools of strategic and operational behavior of banks. Due to the special responsibility of the large banks in this crisis, we used data of the top 200 global banks listed in the 2006 (pre-crisis) and 2012 (post-crisis) classifications, retrieved from the database "The Banker". We used the exploratory factor analysis to discover the latent factors which influence the banks behaviors, in a comparative static logic. The results show that this crisis has actually changed these behaviors. From the strategic positioning perspective, the trend of the European banks after the crisis is the "retail-funded" banking model. In 2006, the positioning was heterogeneous with a "cocktail" of "retail-funded", "wholesale-funded" and "trading" banks. For the North American and Asia-Pacific banks, which was already specialized in the "retail-funded" in 2006, will remain so for 2012. In terms of operational behavior, European banks pass from a strong focus on profitability, before the crisis, to a reinforcement of capital adequacy, after the crisis. The banks of North America and Asia-Pacific, which were focused on the activity, before the crisis, will give more importance to the profitability after the crisis. In conclusion, two recommendations for the financial regulators : ensure that the trend in matter of strategic positioning of the banks is oriented to the “retail-funded” model and pay special attention to the size of the balance sheet
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Dahmani, Mohammed. "Les effets de la crise financière et bancaire de 2007-2008 sur les comportements des banques : ces effets ont-ils changé les comportements des banques ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1097.
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La problématique de la thèse : en quoi les effets de la crise financière et bancaire de 2007-2008 ont influé les comportements de banques et en quoi ces derniers consistent-ils ? Pour ce faire, nous avons montré, d’abord, que le bilan et le compte de résultats sont des outils explicatifs de comportements stratégiques et opérationnels de banques. Vu la responsabilité particulière des banques de grande taille dans cette crise, nous avons exploité les données des 200 premières banques mondiales figurant dans le classement de 2006 (avant crise) et de 2012 (après crise) extraites de la base «The Banker» en utilisant, ensuite, l’analyse factorielle exploratoire pour découvrir les facteurs latents qui influencent leurs comportements dans une logique de statique comparative. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la crise a changé ces comportements. Au plan de comportement stratégique, les banques européennes s’orientent, en 2012, vers le modèle de banque de «détail pur» alors qu’en 2006 elles se répartissaient sur 3 modèles: «détail pur»; «mixtes»; «marché». Pour les banques de l’Amérique du Nord et de l’Asie-Pacifique, déjà spécialisées dans le «détail pur» en 2006, le restent pour 2012. Au plan de comportement opérationnel, les banques européennes passent d’une focalisation sur la rentabilité vers le renforcement de la suffisance de capital. Les banques nord-américaines et de l’Asie–Pacifique, focalisées sur l’activité en 2006, s’orientent sur la rentabilité en 2012. En conclusion, 2 recommandations pour les régulateurs financiers : s’assurer que la tendance vers le modèle de banque de «détail pur» soit de long terme et accorder une attention accrue à la taille du bilan<br>The thesis problem: how the effects of the financial and banking crisis of 2007-2008 have influenced the behavior of banks and what do they consist of ? To do this, we showed, first, that the balance sheet and income statement are good explanatory tools of strategic and operational behavior of banks. Due to the special responsibility of the large banks in this crisis, we used data of the top 200 global banks listed in the 2006 (pre-crisis) and 2012 (post-crisis) classifications, retrieved from the database "The Banker". We used the exploratory factor analysis to discover the latent factors which influence the banks behaviors, in a comparative static logic. The results show that this crisis has actually changed these behaviors. From the strategic positioning perspective, the trend of the European banks after the crisis is the "retail-funded" banking model. In 2006, the positioning was heterogeneous with a "cocktail" of "retail-funded", "wholesale-funded" and "trading" banks. For the North American and Asia-Pacific banks, which was already specialized in the "retail-funded" in 2006, will remain so for 2012. In terms of operational behavior, European banks pass from a strong focus on profitability, before the crisis, to a reinforcement of capital adequacy, after the crisis. The banks of North America and Asia-Pacific, which were focused on the activity, before the crisis, will give more importance to the profitability after the crisis. In conclusion, two recommendations for the financial regulators : ensure that the trend in matter of strategic positioning of the banks is oriented to the “retail-funded” model and pay special attention to the size of the balance sheet
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Koehler, Maren. "Architecture as a Mediating Technology: The Bank Lobby in Post-war North America." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21331.
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This thesis advances an understanding of architecture as a mediating technology. It examines the spatial history of the bank lobby, with a particular focus on the relationship between the dramatic shift in post-war North American banking practices and bank lobby design. The thesis proposes that the bank lobby provided a key space for articulating the financialisation of society during the post-war period. The study makes an original contribution to the history of bank design and offers a new analytical perspective on the lobby, suggesting it as productive spatial type for the attention of architectural scholarship. Drawing on materialist media theory, science and technology studies and critical theory, the thesis positions the bank lobby as a mediating technology that organises the reception and distribution of people, objects and information, while hosting and shaping social, climatic, aesthetic and financial interactions. This definition of mediation emphasises the operativity of architectural settings rather than questions of style and authorship. Situated between interior and exterior, between the inner workings of the bank and the public space of the street and between standards and protocols of governance and organisation, the lobby serves as a spatial intermediary that is defined by its threshold condition. Considering the operativity of the bank lobby in this manner the thesis contributes to existing scholarship on the historical significance of transit spaces, such as arcades and corridors. The thesis argues that such a perspective enhances our understanding of the role of the lobby as part of larger historical processes. The three decades following World War II represented a period of transition from national financial regulation and expansion to global finance capitalism. A focus on the architectural arrangements within financial institutions during this period of economic transformation provides a pre-history of what is commonly denoted as postmodernity.
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Cornell, Sean Richard. "The Last Stand of the Great American Carbonate Bank: Tectonic Activation of the Upper Ordovician Passive Margin in Eastern North America." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1226880226.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.<br>Advisor: Dr. Carlton Brett PhD (Advisor), Dr. Warren Huff PhD (Committee Member), Dr. J.B. Maynard PhD (Committee Member), Dr. Thomas Algeo PhD (Committee Member), Dr. Brian Witzke PhD (Committee Member), Dr. Kees Dejong PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb. 3, 2009). Keywords: sequence stratigraphy; ordovician; taconic orogeny; blountian tectophase; chemostratigraphy; strontium isotopes; time restricted facies; mohawkian; trenton group; black river group; chazy group. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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França, Carlos Manuel Franco. "Determinants of loan and lease losses experienced by north american bank holding companies in 2008." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1958.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>This study analyzes the determinants of loan and lease losses experienced by North American Bank Holding Companies in 2008, as a result of the credit crisis initially triggered by residential lending to high-risk borrowers. The performed analysis is based on financial information on Bank Holding Companies obtained from the Federal Reserve System and on macroeconomic data for the United States of America at national, regional and state levels. For both larger and smaller Bank Holding Companies, higher credit losses were associated with higher loan portfolio average spreads and higher shares of construction and land-related loans. The fact that the Bank Holding Company was audited by one of the "Big Four" auditing firms also proved to be relevant. Larger Bank Holding Companies' credit losses were also found to be influenced by lower gross domestic product growth rates, higher proportions of restructured loans and higher shares of foreign loans. Larger housing price declines, lower shares of foreign loans and lower provisioning ratios of delinquent loans also resulted in higher credit losses for smaller Bank Holding Companies. This study also demonstrates that larger and listed Bank Holding Companies incurred in higher credit losses comparatively to smaller and unlisted Bank Holding Companies, respectively. Finally, it was found that Bank Holding Companies developing their activities in the West registered comparatively higher credit losses, while Bank Holding Companies developing their activities in the Northeast incurred in comparatively lower credit losses<br>Este estudo analisa os factores determinantes das perdas de crédito incorridas pelas holdings bancárias Norte-Americanas em 2008, como resultado da crise do mercado de crédito inicialmente despoletada pela concessão de crédito hipotecário de alto risco. A análise efectuada baseia-se em informação financeira das holdings bancárias obtida junto da Federal Reserve System e em dados macroeconómicos para os Estados Unidos da América, aos níveis nacional, regional e estatal. Conjuntamente para as holdings bancárias de maior e de menor dimensões, perdas de crédito mais elevadas estão associadas a carteiras de crédito com spreads médios mais altos e a maiores proporções de empréstimos para construção e financiamento de terrenos. O facto de a holding bancária ter sido auditada por uma das "Big Fouf também se revelou relevante. As perdas de crédito das holdings bancárias de maior dimensão foram ainda influenciadas por menores taxas de crescimento do produto interno bruto, maiores pesos de empréstimos reestruturados e maiores proporções de empréstimos ao estrangeiro. Maiores quedas dos preços dos imóveis para habitação, menores pesos de empréstimos ao estrangeiro e menores níveis de provisionamento do crédito vencido implicaram também maiores perdas de crédito para as holdings bancárias de menor dimensão. Este estudo demonstra ainda que as holdings bancárias de maior dimensão e as que são cotadas em bolsa incorreram em perdas de crédito mais elevadas face às holdings bancárias de menor dimensão e às que não são cotadas em bolsa, respectivamente. Finalmente, verificou-se que as holdings bancárias que desenvolvem as suas actividades no Oeste registaram perdas de crédito comparativamente mais elevadas, enquanto as holdings bancárias que desenvolvem as suas actividades no Nordeste incorreram em perdas de crédito comparativamente menores.
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Moses, Lennard V. "A cultural analysis of Afro-Caribbean rhythm, strumming, and movement for the North American school steelband." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228186937.
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Hosler, Ned Mark. "The brass band movement in North America : a survey of brass bands in the United States and Canada /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487776210793062.
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Jucá, Michele Nascimento. "Determinantes da estrutura de capital de bancos brasileiros e norte-americanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-27012012-192849/.
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Os trabalhos relacionados à estrutura de capital dos bancos consideram os requerimentos de capital mínimo regulatório, estabelecidos pelos acordos da Basiléia, como sendo seu principal determinante. Entretanto, estudos recentes realizados em países desenvolvidos - Estados Unidos e Europa - e em desenvolvimento - Ásia, América Latina e Oceania - sugerem que determinantes padrões das instituições não financeiras, também, possuem o poder de explicação do nível de alavancagem financeira a valor contábil e de mercado dos bancos. Assim sendo, este trabalho busca verificar se, para aqueles bancos que possuem um capital próprio acima do mínimo regulatório, a capacidade preditiva dos determinantes padrões - tamanho, lucratividade, oportunidade de crescimento, ativos tangíveis e pagamento de dividendos - igualmente, se aplica aos bancos brasileiros e norte-americanos que possuem carteira comercial, além de identificar possíveis diferenças entre os resultados desses dois países. Como contribuição original deste trabalho, avalia-se o papel do programa de compensação de executivos - baseado em ações e opções - na determinação da estrutura de capital dos bancos, sob a hipótese de que tal programa exerce uma opção por decisões de maior risco, por parte dos gestores, o que pode afetar a sua estrutura de capital. Outro destaque refere-se ao período de análise, o qual compreende os anos da crise sistêmica internacional (2007 a 2010) que provocou a falência de instituições financeiras. A amostra inicial é composta pelos 200 maiores bancos, identificados pelo critério de total de ativos, sendo 100 de cada país. Entretanto, considerando a disponibilidade de informações, a amostra final é composta por 15 bancos brasileiros e 24 norte-americanos, totalizando 156 observações. A metodologia adotada envolve testes de estatística descritiva, análise de correlação e regressão múltipla linear (pooled). Como resultado, verificou-se que, além do risco dos ativos e seguros de depósitos, as variáveis relacionadas à teoria tradicional de estrutura de capital, tais como tamanho, oportunidade de crescimento e pagamento de dividendos, além disso, contribuem para a determinação do nível de alavancagem dos bancos. Por sua vez, o relacionamento negativo da variável de controle macroeconômica crescimento do produto interno bruto, em relação à alavancagem dos bancos, indica a assertividade das mudanças introduzidas pelos legisladores no acordo da Basiléia III ao capturar os efeitos contra-cíclicos do mercado. Por fim, a variável programa de compensação de executivos mostrou-se significativa na definição da alavancagem dos bancos, porém com sinal contrário ao esperado pela teoria de finanças. Entre os motivos identificados para esse comportamento, destacam-se os baixos salários e o comportamento aleatório do preço das ações durante o período de análise que impactaram, de forma inadequada, na política de compensação dos bancos.<br>The studies related to bank\'s capital structure consider the minimum regulatory capital requirements, established by the Basel Accords, as its main determinant. However, recent works conducted in developed countries - United States of America and Europe - as well as in developing countries - Asia, Latin America and Oceania - suggest that standard determinants of non-financial institutions also explains the book and market leverage for banks. Therefore, this paper seeks to verify if, for those banks that have excess capital (equity) above the regulatory minimum, the predictive ability of standard determinants - size, profitability, growth opportunity, tangible assets and dividend payments - also applies to Brazilian and North American banks who own commercial portfolio and to identify possible differences between the results of these two countries. As an original contribution, this work evaluate the role of the executive compensation program - based on shares and options - in determining the capital structure of the banks, under the assumption that such a program has an option for higher-risk decisions, by managers, which can affect their capital structure. Another highlight is related to the period of analysis, which encompasses the years of international systemic crisis (2007-2010) that caused the bankruptcy of financial institutions. The initial sample comprises the 200 largest banks, identified by the criterion of total assets, with 100 of each country. However, considering the availability of information, the final sample consists of 15 Brazilian banks and 24 U.S. banks, totaling 156 observations. The methodology involves tests of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression (pooled). As a result, it was found that besides the risk of assets and deposit insurance, the variables related to the traditional theory of capital structure, such as size, growth opportunities and dividend payments also contribute in determining the bank\'s level of leverage. In turn, the negative relationship, between the macroeconomic control variable growth of gross domestic product and bank\'s leverage, indicates the assertiveness of the changes introduced by legislators in the agreement of the Basel III to capture the effects of counter-cyclical market. Finally, the variable compensation program for executives was significant in setting the leverage of bank; however, it has an opposite sign to that expected by the theory of finance. Among the reasons identified for this behavior, it is highlighted the low wages and random behavior of stock price during the period of analysis, inappropriately impacting the compensation policy of the banks.
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Hedberg, David-Paul Brewster. ""As Long as the Mighty Columbia River Flows"| The Leadership and Legacy of Wilson Charley, a Yakama Indian Fisherman." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10257445.
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<p> On March 10, 1957, the United States Army Corps of Engineers completed The Dalles Dam and inundated Celilo Falls, the oldest continuously inhabited site in North America and a cultural and economic hub for Indigenous people. In the negotiation of treaties between the United States, nearly one hundred years earlier, Indigenous leaders reserved access to Columbia River fishing sites as they ceded territory and retained smaller reservations. In the years before the dam’s completion, leaders, many of who were the descendants of earlier treaty signatories, attempted to stop the dam and protect both fishing sites from the encroachment of state and federal regulations and archaeological sites from destruction. This study traces the work of Wilson Charley, a Native fisherman, a member of the Yakama Nation’s Tribal Council, and great-grandson of one of the 1855 treaty signatories. More broadly, this study places Indigenous actors on a twentieth-century Columbia River while demonstrating that they played active roles in the protest and management of areas affected by The Dalles Dam. </p><p> Using previously untapped archival sources—a substantial cache of letters—my analysis illustrates that Charley articulated multiple strategies to fight The Dalles Dam and regulations to curtail Native’s treaty fishing rights. Aiming to protect the 1855 treaty and stop The Dalles Dam, Charley created Native-centered regulatory agencies. He worked directly with politicians and supported political candidates, like Richard Neuberger, that favored Native concerns. He attempted to build partnerships with archaeologists and landscape preservationists concerned about losing the area’s rich cultural sites. Even after the dam’s completion, he conceptualized multiple tribal economic development plans that would allow for Natives’ cultural and economic survival. </p><p> Given the national rise of technological optimism and the willingness for the federal government to terminate its relationship with federally recognized tribes, Charley realized that taking the 1855 treaty to court was too risky for the political climate of the 1950s. Instead, he framed his strategies in the language of twentieth-century conservation, specifically to garner support from a national audience of non-natives interested in protecting landscapes from industrial development. While many of these non-native partners ultimately failed him, his strategies are noteworthy for three reasons. First, he cast the fight to uphold Native treaty rights in terms that were relevant to non-natives, demonstrating his complex understanding of the times in which he lived. Second, his strategies continued an ongoing struggle for Natives to fish at their treaty-protected sites, thereby documenting an overlooked period between the fishing rights cases of the turn of the twentieth century and the 1960s and 1970s. Charley left a lasting legacy that scholars have not recognized because many of his visionary ideas came to fruition decades later. Finally, my analysis of Charley’s letters also documents personal details that afford readers the unique perspective of one Indigenous person navigated through a tumultuous period in the Pacific Northwest and Native American history.</p>
Books on the topic "North American banks"
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R, Polk, ed. Polk's bank directory, North American edition, 1988- . R. L. Polk, 1988.
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Jerry, Haar, and Dandapani Krishnan, eds. Banking in North America: NAFTA and beyond. Pergamon, 1999.
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Johnson, Hazel. Banking without borders: Challenges and opportunities in the era of North American free trade and the emerging global marketplace. Probus Pub., 1995.
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Texas Center for Policy Studies. Fulfilling promises: Implementation of the Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC) and the North American Development Bank (NADBank). Texas Center for Policy Studies, 1994.
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R.L. Polk & Co. Bank Services Division., ed. Directory of cash management services and supplement to the North American edition of Polk's bank directory. R.L. Polk, Bank Services Division, 1990.
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United, States Congress House Committee on Banking Finance and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on International Development Finance Trade and Monetary Policy. North American Development Bank: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Development, Finance, Trade, and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, July 22, 1993. U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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Authorizing the President of the United States to agree to certain amendments to the agreement between the government of the United States of America and the government of the United Mexican States concerning the establishment of a Border Environment Cooperation Commission and a North American Development Bank, and for other purposes: Supplemental report (to accompany H.R. 5400). U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
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An American trilogy: Death, slavery, and dominion on the banks of the Cape Fear River. Da Capo Press, 2009.
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Services, United States Congress House Committee on Financial. Authorizing the President of the United States to agree to certain amendments to the agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the government of the United Mexican States concerning the establishment of a Border Environment Cooperation Commission and a North American Development Bank, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany H.R. 254) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "North American banks"
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Joly, Yann, and Miriam Pinkesz. "The Governance Framework of North American Biobanks: A Rapidly Evolving Policy Patchwork." In Public Regulation of Tumor Banks. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90563-1_13.
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Oswalt, Walter. "8.4 Die Entstehung der Bank of North America: Die Kontroverse um ihre Gründung." In Edition Politik. transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839471401-047.
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Oswalt, Walter. "8.5 Die Entstehung der Bank of North America: Thomas Paine zwischen den Fronten." In Edition Politik. transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839471401-048.
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Ott, K., D. Anderson, and S. Haq. "Blasting adjacent to high voltage duct banks." In North American Tunneling 2004. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833759.ch15.
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Bindseil, Ulrich. "Annex." In Central Banking before 1800. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849995.003.0009.
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The annex presents, with a common template, a catalogue of 25 pre-1800 central banks. While it benefits considerably from previous surveys, it has a narrower focus on central bank operations and balance sheets, and on the genealogy of central banking. It also includes some banks which are not contained in the previous surveys of Roberds and Velde (the Bank of Scotland, the Banco di Santo Spirito di Roma, the American settlers’ land bank projects, the central bank projects of Leipzig and Cologne, the Copenhagen bank, the Russian Assignation Banks, the Banco Nacional de San Carlo, the Bank of North America, and the Bank of the United States). Not all institutions completely fulfil the definition of a central bank, and particularly not for the entire lifetime of its existence. However, all banks included had, at least in the way they were conceived, important elements of central banking, and thereby at least illustrate the challenges that central bank design faced pre-1800.
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Berghahn, Volker R. "The North Atlantic Triangle." In American Big Business in Britain and Germany. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161099.003.0005.
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This chapter deals with the period between the 1923 economic crisis and an even more severe economic breakdown in 1929. This period saw an engagement of the United States in Europe that had not been possible in the immediate postwar years, generating a few years of relative stability and prosperity in which American manufacturing companies and banks played a major role. It was the phase in which the United States succeeded in deploying its superior industrial and financial power in an attempt to uplift the economies of Europe. During those five years it was not only American ideas and practices of rationalized mass production that came to Europe through massive foreign direct investments; rather Europe, again for the first time, got a taste of mass consumption, even if it was still quite limited in terms of affordable consumer durables.
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Rajagopal. "Technology and Customer Value Dynamics in the Banking Industry." In Advances in Banking Technology and Management. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-675-4.ch011.
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This paper attempts to critically examine the available literature on the subject, discuss a model that provides a framework for analyzing the variables associated with customer value, and to identify potential research areas. The paper argues through a set of linear equations that maximizing customer value which is interdependent factor for technology adoption and profit optimization in the banks need to be backed with appropriate economic parameters for attaining competitive efficiency and optimizing profit. The framework of the construct is laid on the theory of competitive advantage and customer lifetime value, so as to maximize the potential of the organization and all its subsystems to create and sustain satisfied customers. The paper draws theoretical impetus from new technologies in banking services such as mobile banking in the North American region and discusses the technology led marketing process towards optimizing profit. The discussion in the paper also analyzes the main criteria for successful internet-banking strategy and brings out benefits of e-banking from the point of view of banks, their technology and customer values and tentatively concludes that there is increasing returns to scale in the bank services in relation to the banking products, new technology and customer value.
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Rajagopal and Ananya Rajagopal. "Interplay of Technology and Customer Value Dynamics in Banking Industry." In Technology Adoption and Social Issues. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5201-7.ch016.
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This chapter attempts to critically examine the available literature on the subject, discuss a model that provides a framework for analyzing the variables associated with customer value, and to identify potential research areas. The chapter argues through a set of linear equations that maximizing customer value which is interdependent factor for technology adoption and profit optimization in the banks need to be backed with appropriate economic parameters for attaining competitive efficiency and optimizing profit. The framework of the construct is laid on the theory of competitive advantage and customer lifetime value, so as to maximize the potential of the organization and all its subsystems to create and sustain satisfied customers. The theoretical impetus from new technologies in banking services such as mobile banking in the North American region and discusses the technology led marketing process towards optimizing profit have been discussed in this chapter. The discussion in the paper also analyzes the main criteria for successful internet-banking strategy and brings out benefits of e-banking from the point of view of banks, their technology and customer values and tentatively concludes that there is increasing returns to scale in the bank services in relation to the banking products, new technology and customer value.
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Farber, Hannah. "Forging “Golden Chains”." In Underwriters of the United States. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469663630.003.0005.
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In the 1790s, the American states began to charter large numbers of banks and insurance companies. In the short term, incorporations produced strife, but partisans usually found that it was easier to create institutions of their own than to block those of their opponents. For company founders, incorporation certainly served as a financial risk management strategy, but corporate constitution-making involved more than the financial calculations of private individuals. As this chapter argues, corporate constitution-making was closer akin to political constitution-making than is evident at first glance. This chapter describes the controversial incorporation of the Insurance Company of North America, the first joint-stock insurance company of the United States. It continues by surveying the nearly 30 insurance companies (mostly marine and fire) chartered in the United States by the end of the year 1800. It discusses the scope of their activities, which included a small amount of slave trade insurance. Protected from political and legal risk by their charters and buffered against commercial risk by their investments, insurance companies built a collaborative American insurance sector that soon won prominence within local merchant communities.
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Earle, Thomas Blake. "Introduction." In The Liberty to Take Fish. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501768927.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the centrality of fisheries in US politics during the first century of the United States' existence. Cod fishing in places like the Bay of Fundy, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the Grand Banks operated as a central facet of US statecraft for much of the nineteenth century. Indeed, the phrase “fisheries issue” serves as shorthand for the series of questions that surrounded US commercial fishing in the North Atlantic. Internationally, the question was one of who could fish where, while domestically, the central question concerned the degree to which the US state would support the fishing industry both politically and economically. How the federal state addressed those questions shows the extent to which the state could and did use its power. From the American Revolution through the Civil War, the fisheries were a central concern in Anglo-American relations, tacking with the ups and downs, the cooperation and confrontation that defined the United States' most important foreign relationship.
Conference papers on the topic "North American banks"
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Lev-Ari, Hanoch, and Aleksandar M. Stankovic. "Phasor-Banks: Customizable filter banks for robust dynamic time-frequency analysis." In 2008 40th North American Power Symposium (NAPS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2008.5307326.
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Doostan, Milad, Shashank Navaratnan, Saeed Mohajeryami, and Valentina Cecchi. "Concurrent placement of distributed generation resources and capacitor banks in distribution systems." In 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2016.7747935.
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Argyropoulos, Paraskevas E., Hanoch Lev-Ari, and Aleksandar M. Stankovic. "Customizable frequency selective filter banks for robust dynamic frequency analysis." In 2012 North American Power Symposium (NAPS 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2012.6336313.
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Piepjohn, Karsten, Keith Dewing, Jennifer Galloway, and Rod Smith. "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF BANKS ISLAND - IMPLICATIONS TO THE STRUCTURE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL MARGIN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-295390.
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Amador, Pedro, and George Lai. "Application of Unifuse Overlay Tubes in the Convection Section of Waste-to-Energy Boilers." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1673.
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The modern weld overlay applied by automatic gas-metal-arc welding (GMAW) process using Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb alloy 625 has been extremely successful in providing corrosion and erosion/corrosion protection for the waterwalls of waste-to-energy (WTE) boilers for over a decade. Without alloy 625 weld overlay protection, the carbon steel waterwall of a waste-to-energy boiler would be corroded through in a matter of months. The overlaid waterwalls for numerous WTE boilers have shown excellent performance results with services up to 10 years or more. Welding Services Inc. has developed a patented process for manufacturing weld overlay bimetallic tubes involving GMAW/GTAW process. Unifuse® 625 overlay tubing with carbon steel substrate has been successfully used as screen tubes, superheater tubes and generating banks in the convection section. The overlay tubes have successfully replaced such corrosion protection methods as stainless steel tube shields and refractories.
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White, Mark, and Greg Epelbaum. "Problem Solving Tools in Waste-to-Energy Systems." In 14th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec14-3194.
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Covanta is using a multifaceted approach to problem solving in Waste-to-Energy systems which combines several types of computer modeling with physical cold flow models, field testing, and engineering experience. This problem-solving approach is applied to boiler corrosion, gas and particulate flow patterns, reagent injection, and APC system issues. Our goals are to bring the most appropriate tools to each issue and incorporate results back into the engineering approach in order to continually improve our technical capabilities. Several types of computer modeling are used. A commercially available energy balance program is used for steam cycle evaluations and boiler energy balance and heat transfer calculations. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are developed to investigate temperature and flow patterns where local conditions must be understood in detail. We have made extensive use of cold flow models to improve performance of APC systems, and to evaluate overfire air mixing in furnaces, and flow distribution through tube banks in boilers. Field testing is used to investigate temperature fluctuations and distributions, flow stratification, corrosion rates, and to validate modeling or analytical results. Each of these approaches has its own set of advantages, disadvantages, and limitations, and must always be combined with a healthy dose of operating and engineering experience. Analytical work is done by, or in close cooperation with, our operations and engineering staff with many years of experience operating, designing, and modifying boilers, APC systems, and related equipment. This integrated approach has yielded significant improvements in many cases and is being used in increasingly complex applications.
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Almalki, Mishari Metab, Maziar Isapour Chehardeh, and Constantine J. Hatziadoniu. "Capacitor bank switching transient analysis using frequency dependent network equivalents." In 2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2015.7335102.
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Crawford, Ken, and Mesut Baran. "Capacitor Bank Failure Detection in Distribution Systems Using State Estimation." In 2023 North American Power Symposium (NAPS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps58826.2023.10318663.
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Sun, Liangyi, Rui Fan, A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos, Yu Liu, and Zhenyu Tan. "Capacitor bank protection via constraint WLS dynamic state estimation method (CWLS-DSE)." In 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2016.7748000.
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Blaser, Wade P. "Induction Heat Tube Extraction for Generating Bank Replacement." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5444.
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Induction is used to rapidly heat generating bank tubes in situ to 1000 C, which causes plastic deformation due to thermal expansion under restraint by the tube sheet (drum). When cooled, the tube shrinks, breaking contact with the drum, providing for ease of removal. A second process has also been developed, and Patented, for the removal of previously over expanded tube stubs from headers and drums. The Heat and PullSM method extracts the stub by hydraulic jacking from outside the drum while Induction heating from inside the drum. Prior bell removal is not required, as the bell collapses and is pulled through with the stub. Cost and schedule improvements may be achieved with both Induction Heat Tube Extraction processes. Both processes eliminate the risk of tube seat damage often caused by the traditional tube removal methods of arc air gouging or flame cutting. This paper describes the technology of both Induction Heat Tube Extraction methods as well as developments on current boiler generating bank replacement jobs.
Reports on the topic "North American banks"
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Machinea, José Luis. The Impact of Western Hemisphere Free Trade Agreements on the Foreign Sector and Debt Sustainability. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011460.
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This document is part of a series of papers commissioned by the Inter-American Development Bank for the Regional Policy Dialogue. The paper basically discusses the macroeconomic impacts of trade agreements between Latin American countries and the United States, whether they be bilateral or a result of the creation of a Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). Taking into account that the greater impact of a trade agreement in the Western Hemisphere is linked to the participation of the United States, it is especially useful to analyze the experience of agreements which include countries that contrast strongly with regards to their relative development. Included in this category are "North-South" agreements or "North-North" agreements that include countries that are very different in regards to their relative development. NAFTA and the expansion of the European Union to include Eastern countries belong to the first category and the impact of the European Union on countries like Spain, Portugal, Greece and Ireland belong in the second. This is the latest version available.
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Lacarte, Valerie, Jordi Amaral, Diego Chaves-González, Ana María Sáiz, and Jeremy Harris. Migration, Integration, and Diaspora Engagement in the Caribbean: A Policy Review. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004769.
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Migration has long been part of Caribbean nations reality. Often discussed in the context of emigration to North America and Europe, movements to and within the Caribbean are an equally important part of its history. In recent decades, climate change, natural disasters, and shifts in global mobility patterns have reshaped the migration landscape in the Caribbean. This document, produced by the Inter-American Bank (IDB) and the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), presents a policy review on migration in nine Caribbean countries, outlining challenges and opportunities for the integration of the migrant population and a successful engagement with diasporas to advance the development of the region.
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Miller, Eric T. Financial Services in the Trading System: Progress and Prospects. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008609.
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In the winter of 1996, Canada's third largest financial institution, the Bank of Montreal, launched a now infamous advertising campaign in which it asked the question: Can a bank change? While the resulting ads naturally responded in the affirmative, many other large financial institutions were asking themselves the same question. The dramatic acceleration since the mid-to-late 1980's of the rate at which banks are establishing branches and/or investing in financial institutions outside of their home markets combined with the dismantling by governments around the world of many traditional regulatory restrictions is resulting in the re-making of the financial services industry in its entirety. Central to this process has been a wave of mergers and alliances, many of which increasingly cut across the classical sectoral sub-divisions (commercial banking, securities, insurance etc.). The end result has been the gradual emergence of singular financial amorphisms capable of offering any service globally. In addition to these structural changes, an important result of this wave of mergers, alliances and foreign investment has been that financial institutions have become global players in terms of market presence, rather than just loan portfolios. This, in turn, has meant that the volume and importance of international trade in financial services has substantially increased in recent years. As the international trade of financial services has developed, governments have sought to establish a framework of rules to govern it. However, this process has not occurred in a vacuum. Over the past 15 years, international trade in goods has become substantially freer, international trade in services (of which financial services constitute a part) has grown dramatically, and international capital flows have become more open. While volumes have been written about both international trade in goods and international capital flows and a burgeoning literature exists on trade in services, comparatively little has been written specifically about international trade in financial services. This paper is designed to help fill this void. The core of the paper consists of three specific cases: (1) the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA); (2) the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); (3) the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade in Financial Services. These selections constitute a logical progression. The CUSFTA was the first trade agreement ever to include provisions on financial services. The NAFTA, negotiated shortly thereafter contains the most far-reaching provisions in the world in this area. Finally, the WTO Financial Services Agreement marks the first time that such disciplines have been successfully negotiated on a global level. In order to make an examination of an Agreement consisting of 56 different schedules possible, this section will focus on the commitments of a number of sample countries in a specific region of the world, namely Latin America.
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Garrido, Raymundo José, Víctor Lara Ruiz, Alexandre M. Baltar, et al. Water Pricing and Public-Private Partnership in the Americas. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011232.
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Because of the complexities associated with the water pricing and public-private partnership issue and their relevance to water management of the future, the Third World Water Centre for Water Management, the Inter-American Development Bank and the Agencia Nacional de Aguas of Brazil sponsored two focused workshops on water pricing in Brasilia, held on June 3rd-5th, 2002 and on public-private partnership in the water sector in Mexico City, held on September 25th-27th, 2003. The main objective of both the workshops were to assess the experiences from North and South America on the issues concerned in an objective and critical manner. Papers for each of the two workshops were specially commissioned. Following the discussions at the two workshops, the authors revised their papers, and this publication includes the selected and revised papers.
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Ascoli, P. Mesozoic-Cenozoic foraminiferal, ostracod and calpionellid zonation of the north Atlantic margin of North America: Georges Bank-Scotian basins and northeastern Grand Banks [Jeanne d'Arc, Carson and Flemish Pass basins] and biostratigraphic correlation of 51 wells. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130500.
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Lowney, Martin S., Scott F. Beckerman, Scott C. Barras, and Thomas W. Seamans. Gulls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208740.ws.
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Abundant gull populations in North America have led to a variety of conflicts with people. Gulls cause damage at aquaculture facilities and other properties, and often collide with aircraft. Their use of structures on and near water results in excessive amounts of bird droppings on boats and docks. Their presence near outdoor dining establishments, swimming beaches, and recreational sites can lead to negative interactions with people. Large amounts of gull fecal material pollutes water and beaches resulting in drinking water contamination and swim bans. A combination of dispersal techniques, exclusion and limited lethal control may reduce damage to an acceptable level. Gulls are classified as a migratory bird species and are protected by federal and, in most cases, state laws. In the United States, gulls may be taken only with a permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Occasionally, an additional permit is required from the state wildlife management agency.
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Redwood, John. The Environmental and Social Impacts of Major IDB-Financed Road Improvement Projects: The Interoceanica IIRSA Sur and IIRSA Norte Highways in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009055.
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The Environment and Safeguards Group (ESG) of the IDB has examined how potential environmental and social risks of major Bank-supported road improvement investments in natural resource rich and socio-culturally diverse "frontier" regions have been identified and addressed in various parts of South and Central America. The present paper presents the findings and recommendations for selected ongoing and/or completed IDB-financed road and road related projects in Peru. To the extent possible, the experience and lessons learned from all major parts of the project cycle - design/preparation, up-front environmental assessment, implementation/supervision, and monitoring and evaluation - are considered, as are the analysis and management of direct, indirect and cumulative environmental and social impacts.
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Zarate, Sebastian, Ilaria Cimadori, Maria Mercedes Roca, Michael S. Jones, and Katie Barnhill-Dilling. Assessment of the Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Agricultural Gene Editing via CRISPR-based Technologies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004904.
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Genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for breeding crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly helping address the effects of climate change (Kuiken, Barrangou, and Grieger 2021). These promises come alongside environmental, cultural, and socio-economic risks. Including concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with technological developments and are ill-equipped, or not well suited to evaluate risks new genome editing tools may introduce. Understanding these complex, dynamic interactions across the LAC region is important to inform appropriate and acceptable regional governance and investment strategies. The power and promise of gene editing, CRISPR specifically, were first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s (Anzalone, Koblan, and Liu 2020). Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life (Anzalone, Koblan, and Liu 2020). Gene editing is not a singular technology or technique; it refers most often to a set of techniques that enable the manipulation of a genome with greater precision than previous iterations of genetic engineering (Shukla-Jones, Friedrichs, and Winickoff 2018b). The Inter-American Development Bank partnered with North Carolina State Universitys Genetic Engineering and Society (GES) Center to assess the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene-editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. The project studied the following core components: Current Policy Evaluation: Understanding what the future may hold requires a critical examination of the current status of the regulatory landscape. Analysis of the existing regulatory systems for agricultural biotechnologies throughout Latin America and how they included considerations for novel biotechnology strategies such as gene editing through CRISPR technologies were done. Forecasting and Future Policy Scenario Analysis: Potential products created through gene editing may face very different situations on the ground, depending on countries diverse regulations and market structures. To clarify the potential impacts of regulatory reforms, we included concrete case studies in our analysis. Identifying investment priorities: The diversity of the region naturally means that countries will have unique priorities and needs with respect to investment in agricultural biotechnology development and regulatory infrastructure. The document evaluates the accomplishments of the region in the development of gene edited products, highlighting both private and public sector innovations.
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Becker, Sarah, Megan Maloney, and Andrew Griffin. A multi-biome study of tree cover detection using the Forest Cover Index. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42003.
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Tree cover maps derived from satellite and aerial imagery directly support civil and military operations. However, distinguishing tree cover from other vegetative land covers is an analytical challenge. While the commonly used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can identify vegetative cover, it does not consistently distinguish between tree and low-stature vegetation. The Forest Cover Index (FCI) algorithm was developed to take the multiplicative product of the red and near infrared bands and apply a threshold to separate tree cover from non-tree cover in multispectral imagery (MSI). Previous testing focused on one study site using 2-m resolution commercial MSI from WorldView-2 and 30-m resolution imagery from Landsat-7. New testing in this work used 3-m imagery from PlanetScope and 10-m imagery from Sentinel-2 in imagery in sites across 12 biomes in South and Central America and North Korea. Overall accuracy ranged between 23% and 97% for Sentinel-2 imagery and between 51% and 98% for PlanetScope imagery. Future research will focus on automating the identification of the threshold that separates tree from other land covers, exploring use of the output for machine learning applications, and incorporating ancillary data such as digital surface models and existing tree cover maps.
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Rine, Kristin, Roger Christopherson, and Jason Ransom. Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) occurrence and habitat selection in North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293127.
Full textAbstract:
Harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) are sea ducks that migrate inland each spring to nest along fast-flowing mountain streams. They are considered one of the most imperiled duck species in North America and occur in two distinct populations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The Pacific coast population includes Washington State, where harlequin ducks breed in the Olympic, Cascade, and Selkirk Mountains. This species is designated as a Management Priority Species by the National Park Service within North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). This report summarizes harlequin duck surveys conducted during 15 years across a 27-year period (1990 and 2017) on major streams within NOCA, and incidental observations collected from 1968–2021. The primary objectives of these surveys were to 1) document the distribution and abundance of harlequin duck observations within NOCA boundaries, 2) describe productivity (number of broods and brood size), 3) describe breeding chronology of harlequin ducks, and 4) describe habitat characteristics of breeding streams. Sixty-eight stream surveys over 15 years resulted in observations of 623 individual harlequin ducks comprising various demographics, including single adults, pairs, and broods. In addition, we collected 184 incidental observations of harlequin ducks from visitors and staff between 1968–2021. Harlequin ducks were observed on 22 separate second- to sixth-order streams throughout NOCA across the entire 53-year span of data, both incidentally and during harlequin duck surveys by Park staff. Harlequin ducks were detected on 8 of the 13 streams that were actively surveyed. Excluding recounts, 88.7% (n = 330) of individual harlequin duck observations during surveys occurred in the Stehekin River drainage. Between all surveys and incidental observations, 135 unpaired females without broods were sighted across all NOCA waterways. Thirty-nine broods were recorded between NOCA surveys and incidental observations, with a mean brood size of 3.61 (± 1.44 SD; range = 2–10). Breeding pairs were recorded as early as April 5 and were seen on streams until June 15, a period of less than seven weeks (median: May 2), but most pairs were observed within a 3-week span, between April 26 and May 17. Single females (unpaired with a male, with (an)other female(s), or with a brood) were observed on streams between April 26 and August 25 (median: July 3), though most observations were made within a 5-week period between June 12 and July 19. Habitat data collected at adult harlequin duck observation sites indicate that the birds often used stream reaches with features that are characteristic of high-energy running water. While adults occupied all instream habitat types identified, non-braided rapids and riffles were used most frequently, followed by pools and backwaters. Larger instream substrate sizes (cobbles and boulders) were present at most observation sites. Adult harlequin ducks were more often found at locations that lacked visible drifting or lodged woody debris, but drift debris was a slightly more abundant debris type. The presence of gravel bars and at least one loafing site was common. Adult harlequin ducks were more often observed in association with vegetation that offered some cover over the channel, but not where banks were undercut. The average channel width at adult observation sites was 34.0 m (range: 6-80 m; n = 114) and 27.6 m (± 15.7 m; range: 10-60 m; n = 12) at brood observation sites. Compared to adult harlequin duck sites, broods were observed more frequently in low velocity habitat (pools, backwaters), but rarely in rapids. Cobble and boulder substrates were still the most dominant substrate type. Contrary to adult ducks, broods were observed most often observed in meandering stream channels, a morphology indicative of low gradient, low velocity stream reaches. Most broods were observed in stream reaches with gravel bars, loafing sites, and...