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Academic literature on the topic 'North American interests'
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Journal articles on the topic "North American interests"
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Globerman, Steven. "Canada's interests in North American economic integration." Canadian Public Administration/Administration publique du Canada 36, no. 1 (1993): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-7121.1993.tb02168.x.
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Walker, Timothy. "Atlantic Dimensions of the American Revolution: Imperial Priorities and the Portuguese Reaction to the North American Bid for Independence (1775-83)." Journal of Early American History 2, no. 3 (2012): 247–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00203003.
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This article explains and contextualizes the reaction of the Portuguese monarchy and government to the rebellion and independence of the British colonies in North America. This reaction was a mixed one, shaped by the simultaneous but conflicting motivations of an economic interest in North American trade, an abhorrence on the part of the Portuguese Crown for democratic rebellion against monarchical authority and a fundamental requirement to maintain a stable relationship with long-time ally Great Britain. Although the Lisbon regime initially reacted very strongly against the Americans’ insurrection, later, under a new queen, the Portuguese moderated their position so as not to damage their long-term imperial political and economic interests. This article also examines the economic and political power context of the contemporary Atlantic World from the Portuguese perspective, and specifically outlines the multiple ties that existed between Portugal and the North American British colonies during the eighteenth century. The argument demonstrates that Portugal reacted according to demands created by its overseas empire: maximizing trading profits, manipulating the balance of power in Europe among nations with overseas colonies and discouraging the further spread of aspirations toward independence throughout the Americas, most notably to Portuguese-held Brazil. The Portuguese role as a fundamental player in the early modern Atlantic World is chronically underappreciated and understudied in modern English-language historiography. Despite the significance of Portugal as a trading partner to the American colonies, and despite the importance of the Portuguese Atlantic colonial system to British commercial and military interests in the eighteenth century, no scholarly treatment of this specific subject has ever appeared in the primary journals that regularly consider Atlantic World imperial power dynamics or the place of the incipient United States within them. This contribution, then, helps to fill an obvious gap in the historical literature of the long eighteenth century and the revolutionary era in the Americas.
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S. Belyaeva, Galina, Valeriy P. Belyaev, Bela B. Bidova, Arina A. Dyumina, and Ivan N. Kuksin. "PECULIARITIES OF NATIONAL INTERESTS INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN THE NORTH AMERICAN TRADITION: HISTORY AND MODERNITY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (2019): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74104.
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Purpose: This article is devoted to the analysis of characteristics of national interests’ institutionalization in the North American tradition, namely the evolution of their legal consolidation and the practice of implementation in modern conditions.
 Methodology: The methodological basis of the present research is based on the application of various general scientific methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, system-structural, formal-logical approaches), as well as particular scientific methods, i.e. historical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal, and interpretative.
 Result: The characteristics of the North American approach to the issues of strategic planning and the development of program documents in the field of ensuring national interests are established, systematized, and characterized by the content of US National Security Strategies of past decades, in terms of securing national interests in them and areas of their implementation.
 Applications: This research can be used for universities and students in history.
 Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of national interests institutionalization in the North American tradition is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
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Chase, Kerry A. "Economic Interests and Regional Trading Arrangements: The Case of NAFTA." International Organization 57, no. 1 (2003): 137–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818303571053.
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This article examines lobbying in the United States on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). I argue that economies of scale and production sharing across borders create incentives for firms to seek regional trade liberalization. Statistical analysis demonstrates that sectors with these characteristics were more likely to lobby for free trade in North America; these sectors were also exposed to free trade more rapidly under the tariff-phasing schedule in the NAFTA treaty. However, corporate restructuring to rescale production for the regional market and to increase offshore assembly presented adjustment costs for U.S. workers, which created divisions between labor unions and their employers. I conclude that regional arrangements are an attractive mechanism to liberalize trade for firms in need of larger-than-national markets to take advantage of economies of scale or to develop production-sharing networks.
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Clougherty, Joseph A. "North American Airline Mergers: Strategic Response to Imperfectly Competitive International Markets." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1517, no. 1 (1996): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196151700102.
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The wave of domestic mergers among North American airlines during the late 1980s and the subsequent reduction in competition increased the risk of higher domestic prices for airline tickets. Why then have the North American governments allowed this consolidation to occur? Research to date has focused on these mergers as a domestic phenomenon, but they occurred in response to imperfectly competitive international aviation markets as well. The North American nations and their international airlines could garner the lion's share of the supranormal profits to be had in these imperfectly competitive markets by cutting the costs of their international carriers. Matching international routes with domestic-route networks and establishing a global hub-and-spoke system lower the cost of providing international flight service. Domestic airline mergers are a means to creating significant domestic-route networks, cutting costs, and allowing international carriers to increase profit shares in international markets. Economic incentive for airline mergers is established and provides a basis for consideration of the political sphere; findings indicate that these mergers are beneficial to private interests and are also in the public welfare. Private interest and public-welfare political rationales are often in opposition both in political literature and in practice, but in this case they coincide. Empirical tests support domestic airline consolidation in North America as a contributing factor in competitive gains in international markets for both the nations and the airlines.
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Harris, Richard. "A Portrait of North American Urban Historians." Journal of Urban History 45, no. 6 (2018): 1237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144218801598.
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A survey of members of the Urban History Association (UHA) undertaken in March 2017 provides information about the character, views, and prospects of urban history in North America. Most UHA members are professional historians. Their age profile is balanced; women and minorities are underrepresented, though their age profile indicates that members will become more diverse. They are researching cities around the world, but focus mainly on the larger U.S. cities. Thematically, their main interests are in planning/design, race/ethnicity, politics, and housing, in that order. Most situate their work on U.S. cities within a national frame of reference; only half believe that there is something distinctively urban about cities. Those who do tend to highlight social, political, and cultural, as opposed to economic, effects. Their intellectual influences are primarily other urban historians rather than more theoretically oriented writers.
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STEPHENS, LESTER D., and DALE R. CALDER. "John McCrady of South Carolina: pioneer student of North American Hydrozoa." Archives of Natural History 19, no. 1 (1992): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1992.19.1.39.
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South Carolina naturalist John McCrady (1831–1881), a protégé of Louis Agassiz, was a pioneer in the study of Hydrozoa in North America. McCrady undertook investigations on hydrozoan life cycles, and provided thorough descriptions of most taxa. At least 20 of the families, genera, and species that he described and named are still recognised as valid. His ideas concerning classification and nomenclature within the Hydrozoa were remarkable for their time. As a result of the American Civil War, personal problems, cultural predilections, and preoccupation with other scientific interests, McCrady discontinued his hydrozoan research after 1860. Thereafter, his efforts in science were devoted to formulating a “Law of Development”, and to criticism of Darwinian theory.
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Kociolek, J. P., and J. C. Kingston. "Taxonomy, ultrastructure, and distribution of some gomphonemoid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) from rivers in the United States." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 5 (1999): 686–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-007.
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Using the continental-scale collections of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, we examined selected members of the family Gomphonemataceae to expand the current state of knowledge of diatom taxonomy, morphology, and distribution. Ten taxa in the genera Gomphonema, Gomphoneis, and Gomphosphenia are examined. The taxonomic status of two taxa is revised, and one new species is described. Two new features are described for the genus Gomphonema: slit-like areolae and ridge-like flaps or flanges on pseudosepta. Many North American gomphonemoid species appear to be restricted to certain geographic regions; the differences between western and eastern North America are striking. Trained analysts have had difficulty identifying and discriminating many of these taxa. We believe that this difficulty, in large part, results from our poor knowledge of the North American flora. Large-scale monitoring programs such as NAWQA, when teamed up with research organizations with common interests, hold great promise to expand our knowledge of the biodiversity of North American ecosystems.Key words: biogeography, Gomphoneis, Gomphonema, Gomphosphenia, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, taxonomy; ultrastructure.
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Leitner, Jonathan. "Classical World-Systems Analysis, the Historical Geography of British North America, and the Regional Politics of Colonial/Revolutionary New York." Journal of World-Systems Research 24, no. 2 (2018): 404–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2018.693.
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A less-appreciated aspect of earlier or “classical” works of world-systems analysis (WSA), in particular that of Braudel, Frank, and Wallerstein in the 1970s-80s is the examination of why the thirteen North American colonies that became the United States split from Great Britain. Specifically, why did some of Britain’s North American colonies revolt in the mid-1770s, but not others? Why were some colonists pro-independence while others preferred remaining within the empire? Classical WSA suggested regional differentiation among colonists, and later works in the WSA tradition have examined these divisions in British North America, particularly within individual colonies, based on both larger divisions in the world-economy and localized core-periphery structures. Yet classical WSA’s analytical questions about British North America’s independence movement have been more directly addressed by historical geographers. This paper synthesizes classical WSA with works on the historical geography of British North America, and then examines the synthesis in light of colonial New York and its political-economic geography of several distinct regions, each with varying economic and political interests vis à vis the British Empire and the question of independence.
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Gagnon, Mona-Josée. "Trade union cooperation in the NAFTA area." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 6, no. 1 (2000): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890000600106.
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When the plans for a free trade agreement were first discussed, the North American trade unions were unanimous in their opposition to the idea. However, because of the fragmented nature of their action, they were unable to bring any influence to bear on either government action or public opinion. Yet now that trade in North America is becoming liberalised, it is evident that the outcome for trade unions is not as negative as might have been thought: the trade unions are playing an increasingly important role in the development of discussions on free trade, while their organisations have succeeded in reaching closer agreement with each other on these questions and bridges have been built between the unions and numerous forms of pressure group. The discussions on free trade have shaken up and transformed north-south trade union relations. The one-way cooperation between those who give and those who receive is a thing of the past. The trade union movements of north and south have discovered that their interests may lie together, that their needs can be reciprocal and that it is possible, therefore, for them to develop more egalitarian forms of relationship. This article presents, first of all, a review of trade unionism in North America, followed by a summary of the free trade agreements and a description of their application and of anticipated developments. It will then look at how trade union positions have evolved, moving on to an analysis of the power relationship in which the North American trade union movement, and that of the Americas as a whole, has a part to play.