Relevant bibliographies by topics / North American law

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'North American law'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "North American law"

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Rowe, PaulM. "North American malpractice law re-examined." Lancet 345, no. 8951 (1995): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90879-x.

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Hirschl, Ran, and Christopher L. Eisgruber. "Prologue: North American constitutionalism?" International Journal of Constitutional Law 4, no. 2 (2006): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/mol002.

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Glenn, H. Patrick. "Refugee Claimants: Canadian Law and North American Regionalism." International Migration Review 30, no. 1_suppl (1996): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603001s16.

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CHENEY, F. W. "ANAESTHESIA AND THE LAW: THE NORTH AMERICAN EXPERIENCE." British Journal of Anaesthesia 59, no. 7 (1987): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/59.7.891.

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Gotanda, Neil. "The Racialization of Islam in American Law." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 637, no. 1 (2011): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716211408525.

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After 9/11, the “Muslim terrorist” trope altered the American understanding of Islam. This article argues that the Muslim terrorist in our popular culture should not be seen as new but within an established tradition of racializing Asian Americans. The article employs three dimensions of racialization: raced body, racial category, and ascribed subordination. The raced body is the “brown” body of immigrants and descendants of immigrants from North Africa, the Middle East, and Central and Southern Asia. “Muslim” as a racial category has acquired meaning beyond religion and now also describes a racial category: those whose ancestry traces to countries where Islam is significant. Linked to that category are the stereotypes of “terrorist,” “spy,” or “saboteur”—understandings within the tradition of characterizing Asian Americans as permanent, unassimilable foreigners. Inscribing the linked racial category and ascribed subordination of permanent foreignness upon the “brown” raced body is the racialization of Muslims into Muslim terrorists.
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Paul, James C. N. "American Law Teachers and Africa: Some Historical Observations." Journal of African Law 31, no. 1-2 (1987): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300009207.

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In 1961 Tony Allott, then a rather young elder statesman of African law, helped to foster my interest in that subject, and my subsequent work in Ethiopia. He and several other distinguished colleagues in London also encouraged other American initiatives to assist the development of legal education and research in Africa, efforts which began in 1962, burgeoned during the ensuing decade, and then withered rapidly.The activities of the early 60s helped to generate an extraordinary number of different kinds of projects: the temporary placement of over 150 Americans in law teaching positions in African institutions; a large and wide variety of research and writing; the founding of law reporters, law journals and university institutes of African law, both within Africa and elsewhere; the flow of a substantial number of Africans to graduate legal studies in U.S. and U.K. universities; new kinds of interactions between African, British and American scholars. These activities also contributed to the emergence (notably in North America) of that amorphous, contentious field of scholarship which came to be called “law and development”, and, then, in the latter 70s, to acrimonious critiques and agonising reappraisals of much of all this effort.Tony Allott participated in, or observed, much of this history, as anyone familiar with his career and bibliography will know. I hope that this brief account of some of these past activities may be of some interest to him, and to others interested in law and social change in Africa.
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Friedman, Kathryn Bryk. "Through the Looking Glass: Implications of Canada-United States Transgovernmental Networks for Democratic Theory, International Law, and the Future of North American Governance." Alberta Law Review 46, no. 4 (2009): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr217.

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Viewing international law through the lens of transgovernmental networks offers a unique perspective to investigating the connection between democracy and international law. By applying the concept of the “disaggregated state,” the author evaluates the character and nature of transgovernmental networks within North America and offers suggestions for policymakers and scholars envisioning future models of North American governance.
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Albanese, Jay S. "North American Organised Crime." Global Crime 6, no. 1 (2004): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1744057042000297945.

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Wiemers, Serv. "The International Legal Status of North American Indians After 500 Years of Colonization." Leiden Journal of International Law 5, no. 1 (1992): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500001990.

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Next year, the ‘discovery’ of America by Columbus, 500 years ago, will be commemorated. The discovery of America started a time of colonization for the original inhabitants, the Indians. Since the 1970s an Indian movement has emerged in North America demanding the Indians' ‘rightful place among the family of nations’. This article contains a survey of the current international legal position of Indians in North America. Wiemers holds that international legal principles, developed in the decolonization context, are applicable to the North American Indian population. The right of a people to selfdetermination is the most discussed one.
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O'Brien, Robert. "North American Regional Report." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 9, no. 1 (2009): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018108100401.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "North American law"

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Hatjikiriakos, Kyriakoula. "Financing the intangible : software as collateral in the North-American context." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32804.

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In the era of information technology, intellectual property assets are gaining important value and are becoming increasingly attractive in the sphere of commercial transactions. The case of software as collateral in the context of a financing transaction brings to the surface the various issues which a lender must face when engaging in an intellectual property-based secured transaction.<br>In the execution of such a transaction, the North-American intellectual property and secured financing legal regimes, currently in place, fail to procure the clear, certain and predictable results desired by lenders.<br>Whether at the initial stage of creation of a security interest on the software or in the final steps of its enforcement, these regimes do not reflect the commercial realities and necessities of the software industry, thereby increasing both challenges and risks for the lender.<br>The problems which the lender must face in the process of a software financing transaction will be examined through three Chapters. The first Chapter will focus on the creation and scope of a security interest on software, the second will examine its perfection and the third will address priority disputes involving competing interests in the software, as well as the enforcement of a security interest on software, both in the context of the debtor's default and in the event of its bankruptcy.
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Wang, Frederick. "Tax haven planning within the scope of the North American anti-avoidance legislation." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63890.

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Nadeau, Christian. "The regulation of foreign direct investment in Mexico and the North American free-trade agreement." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22506.

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This thesis*, after presenting an overview of Mexico, examines the new business environment prevailing in Mexico focussing on the laws and regulations affecting foreign investments and and foreigners in Mexico. It then compares Mexico's foreign direct investment (FDI) regulations with those of Canada and the United States in relation to the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement of 1988. Since Mexico's FDI concerns and policies are similar those of Canada, this comparison provides useful perspectives for a prospective analysis of acceptable FDI regulations in a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).<br>The adoption by Mexico of industrialized country standards and principles has led to the negotiation of a NAFTA between Canada, the United States and Mexico. Further investment liberalization will be a major part of the price Mexico will need to pay for the sucessful conclusion of NAFTA. Such liberalization will benefit Mexico's development provided that it retains a few of the prevailing restrictions and the legal means to implement future policies on investment, thus ensuring for itself a part of the benefits of FDI. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) ftn*This thesis encompasses all regulations in place before March 31, 1992.
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Letendre, Martin. "Research with stored tissue samples of deceased persons : a North American perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80938.

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In this thesis, the author studies the ethical and legal aspects of research conducted on stored tissue samples of deceased persons in North America.<br>The first part of this thesis presents an overview of what constitutes human tissues and how are they used in research. The author describes the process in which human tissues are acquired and stored by health facilities, their utility for scientific research, and currently used techniques.<br>The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the current normative framework associated with research involving human tissue samples in North America. The author underlines the presence of two different normative regimes depending on whether the human tissues were removed before or after death. Finally, the author examines international documents in order to evaluate whether or not they can provide guidance to North American national legislation.<br>The third part evaluates the normative limitations associated with the use of stored tissue samples of deceased persons for research. The author considers that these limitations are related to the presence of conflicting interests, the difficulties in establishing rights over human tissues, the difficulties of establishing the rights of the dead, and the limitations of the theory of informed consent with regards to stored tissue samples.<br>The last part of this thesis suggests that stored human tissues should be interpreted as if they were part of an individual's medical record. After presenting some of the philosophical arguments in favour of such an interpretation, the author underlines the presence of legal precedents supporting the "tissue as information" model. The author finally examines the legal implications and the potential limitations of this proposal.
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Kaplan, David M. "The impact of the abortion law controversy on North American human embryo research policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29209.pdf.

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Rard, Romain. "Unraveling the legal standard applicable to cartels: a comparative study of European and North American antitrust." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32561.

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In antitrust law, evidentiary requirements are classified as issues of substantive law or as issues of procedural law. But this dichotomy disconnects inseparable dimensions of the legal standard, a pivotal point of reference for corporations since it determines what is required to prove the existence of a cartel. This thesis aims at comparing the legal standard applicable to cartels in the United States, the European Union and Canada. It will be demonstrated how the legal standard enables courts to shape an increasingly economics-based antitrust policy. Two important values are then at stake: enforcement efficiency and legal fairness. These values, in the context of globalization, plead for improvements and a convergence of the standards: the United States must beware of the growing uncertainty in antitrust; Canada must expand the scope of per se provisions; the European Union must strive to clarify the standard of proof.<br>En droit de la concurrence, les normes de preuve sont rattachées au fond du droit ou à la procédure. Cette dichotomie restreint l'analyse juridique : elle isole des aspects inséparables du standard juridique, point de référence essentiel pour les entreprises car il détermine les éléments nécessaires à une qualification d'entente. Ce mémoire compare le standard juridique applicable aux ententes aux Etats-Unis, au Canada et dans l'Union Européenne. On y démontre que le standard permet aux juges de contribuer à une politique de concurrence toujours plus influencée par la science économique. Sont alors en jeu l'efficacité de l'application du droit et l'équité juridique. Dans le cadre de la mondialisation, cela incite à l'amélioration et à la convergence des standards : les Etats-Unis doivent remédier au manque de sécurité juridique croissant ; le Canada doit renforcer l'efficacité du droit de la concurrence ; l'Union Européenne devrait clarifier la norme de la preuve.
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King, Jeffrey Lyman de Witt. "The application of canon 1350 on decent support of priests to contemporary North American situations." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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Humele, Peter Francis. "The withering of foreign ownership restrictions and the rise of competition in the North American Airline Industry." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23972.

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Powerful forces are transforming the air transport industry's structure. Airline deregulation, privatization, competition and globalization are forcing carriers and regulatory authorities to re-examine historically accepted beliefs. These developments are occurring within the broader context of States pursuing political and economic interdependence and free trade. As such, many nations have abandoned policies that protected specific industries from competition. Instead, countries the world over seek to enhance competition and increase consumer welfare through greater reliance on the marketplace. As governments relinquish their economic control over many industries, business's seek opportunities worldwide.<br>Civil aviation regulation is based upon the rule that each and every airline must be owned and controlled by a single State, or its nationals. True multinational airline companies are illegal. Thus, to gain the benefits associated with large scale operations and to better serve their customers, airlines are circumventing this restrictive rule through cross-border alliances.<br>Alliances are taking international co-operation to heights previously unknown. Carriers are rapidly integrating their operations and functioning as single economic units offering seamless air services. From such assimilations emerge de facto multinational airlines.<br>The global political and economic environments within which civil aviation functions have been radically altered in recent years. Air transport economics have also changed significantly since aviation's current regulatory framework was created in 1944. This increasingly dynamic industry is rapidly evolving beyond the existing legal regime based as it is upon strictly national carriers.<br>This thesis argues that regulatory authorities must act now and eradicate the anachronistic nationality rule. Permitting multinational airline ownership would eliminate the anti-competitive and highly restrictive bilateral exchange of air traffic rights, bring about free trade in air services and increase consumer benefits.
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King-Owen, Gregory S. "The People‘s Law: Popular Sovereignty and State Formation in North Carolina, 1780-1805." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1304086385.

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Sotelo, Alejandro. "Enforcement of intellectual property rights and transfers in Mexico within the North American context." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78231.

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This dissertation analyzes the process of harmonization of intellectual property laws in Mexico within the North American context. It examines the political and economic driving forces behind such harmonization and the deregulation of technology transfer agreements. Furthermore, in the context of NAFTA, the dissertation studies, from the legal perspective, the problem of the enforcement of intellectual property rights in Mexico. Technical problems are identified and recommendations for the legal system are provided for the appropriate enforcement of intellectual property laws.
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Books on the topic "North American law"

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Conference of Western Attorneys General. American Indian law deskbook. 2nd ed. Thomson Reuters, 2014.

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North, American Conference on Environmental Law Phase I. (1st 1992 Tepotzotlan Mexico). Proceedings - First North American Conference on Environmental Law. Fundación Mexicana para la Educacion Ambiental, 1993.

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American Indian law in a nutshell. 5th ed. West, 2009.

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Canby, William C. American Indian law in a nutshell. 5th ed. West, 2009.

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Canby, William C. American Indian law in a nutshell. 5th ed. West, 2009.

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American indian tribal law. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2011.

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American Indian law: Cases and commentary. 2nd ed. Thomson Reuters/West, 2010.

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T, McHugh James. Toward a North American legal system. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

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C, Sadka Joyce, and Sinha Tapen, eds. Insurance regulation in North America: Integrating American, Canadian, and Mexican markets. Kluwer Law International, 2003.

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1967-, Dominguez Roberto, ed. North American regionalism and global spread. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "North American law"

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Hall, Noah D. "The North American Great Lakes." In The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_17.

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Rees, William E. "North American Soils and World Food." In International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2016. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42508-5_4.

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Kraska, James. "Canadian Arctic Shipping Regulations and the Law of the Sea." In Governing the North American Arctic. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137493910_3.

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Glenn, H. Patrick. "How to Think About Law in North America." In Toward a North American Legal System. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137269508_3.

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Dunoff, Jeffrey L. "North American Regional Economic Integration: Recent Trends and Developments." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2010. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78883-6_13.

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Stewart, David P. "The approach of North American courts towards the internet." In Human Rights, Digital Society and the Law. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351025386-23.

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Cockfield, Arthur J. "The Strict Subsidiarity Principle under NAFTA Law and Policy: Implications for North American Tax Policy." In Toward a North American Legal System. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137269508_7.

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Oellers-Frahm, Karin, and Andreas Zimmermann. "North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation of September 9/14, 1993." In Dispute Settlement in Public International Law. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56626-4_90.

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Nafziger, James A. R. "A Comparison of The European and North American Models of Sports Organisation." In ASSER International Sports Law Series. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-685-5_3.

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Treffers, Stefan. "The emerging architecture of state regulation in North American condominium governance." In Condominium Governance and Law in Global Urban Context. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003141600-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "North American law"

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Gou, Bei, Hui Zheng, Weibiao Wu, and Xingbin Yu. "The Statistical Law of Power System Blackouts." In 2006 38th North American Power Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2006.359617.

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Serrurier, Mathieu, and Mathieu Raynal. "Learning Fitts’ law with imprecise regression." In NAFIPS 2008 - 2008 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips.2008.4531265.

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DuBoff, Scott M. "Alternative Financing for Enhanced Environmental Protection: The Intersection of Waste-to-Energy Technology and Solid Waste Flow Control Authority." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2343.

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When local governments evaluate the environmental benefits and costs of alternatives for managing non-recyclable municipal solid waste, the relative costs of modern waste-to-energy (WTE) technology can be a significant stumbling block despite WTE technology’s environmental benefits. Although the preceding point is an important economic reality that has constrained WTE development in the United States, fortunately there is a highly effective means — the use of municipal solid waste “flow control” (or “facility designation”) authority — to overcome WTE’s perceived cost disadvantage. The relationship between flow control and WTE development, including significant encouragement for use of flow control as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent decision in United Haulers Association v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, 127 S.Ct. 1786 (2007), is the focus of this paper, which will address the following topics: Policy Basis for Flow Control — Absent government intervention, management of municipal solid waste will seek the lowest cost (i.e., short-term cost) and frequently less environmentally protective alternatives. Flow control can counter the tendency to choose alternatives with lower short-term costs and at the same time facilitate implementation of the environmentally-preferable waste management alternatives a local government selects, such as WTE technology and other aspects of “integrated waste management.” Flow Control and the Courts — While the authority of a given local government to use flow control is grounded in state law, flow control also implicates matters that arise under federal law, such as Commerce Clause issues, given the possibility that solid waste regulation in one state can affect commercial interests in solid waste management in another state. Although concerns regarding claims of impact on interstate commerce prompted a negative Supreme Court response to flow control in C&amp;A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, 511 U.S. 383 (1994), the Court’s decision 13 years later in the Oneida-Herkimer case was in many ways just the opposite. WTE’s Correlation with Flow Control and Practical Guideposts — WTE development can be significantly advanced by the use of flow control. That conclusion is borne out by empirical data. The concluding portion of this paper addresses that topic as well as corollary issues, such as public-private collaboration for WTE development and other practical guideposts for implementing flow control ordinances.
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Forster, Gary A. "Dealing With Residual Wastes at the Lancaster County Resource Recovery Facility." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1019.

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The Lancaster County Resource Recovery Facility (RRF) is a 1,200 ton per day mass burn waste-to-energy plant that has been in operation since 1991. The plant is owned by the Lancaster County Solid Waste Management Authority (LCSWMA), but is operated for the Authority by Covanta Lancaster. During the initial years of operation, only municipal solid wastes (MSW) were combusted. The picture has changed dramatically, however, since those early days. The RRF has successfully processed hundreds of different residual waste streams since 1994. The list of residuals processed at the RRF is impressive: over-the-counter and bulk pharmaceuticals; off-spec toothpaste in cubic-yard totes; virgin oily debris; ink waste in fiber and steel drums; industrial waste waters; and confidential documents and controlled substances from local law enforcement agencies, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and the Drug Enforcement Administration. This paper describes how residual wastes are managed at the facility, including a discussion of waste inspection activities on the tipping floor, and a description of the various methods by which these materials are fed to the boilers.
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Bilmes, Jonathan S., and Susan F. Hemenway. "Applying Lessons Learned From Waste-to-Energy Feasibility Study Projections to Contract Renewals, Expansions and New Projects." In 14th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec14-3183.

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A majority of today’s operating waste to energy plants were developed in the 1980s. In order to finance these facilities, comprehensive feasibility reports were required that assessed the engineering and financial feasibility of the projects. The Bristol Resource Facility Operating Committee (BRRFOC) commissioned two such reports; in 1985 when the project was initially financed and again in 1993 when the initial bonds were refunded. Key assumptions were made in the 1985 and 1993 reports regarding energy prices, landfill costs, inflation, member tonnage, recycling rates, changes in law and plant operations. Despite the enormous changes that have occurred in the waste to energy industry over the past 20 years, BRRFOC’s member community tipping fee has consistently outperformed projections. In fact, due to BRRFOC’s financial track record, a 2005 refinancing was successfully marketed to financial institutions without an independent economic study. This paper will compare and contrast the 1985 and 1993 projections and assumptions to actual performance. The information provided will assist decision makers contemplating contract renewals, expansions or new waste to energy projects determine what sensitivity analyses, if any, need to be included in the feasibility report.
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Ristau, Jack A. "Obstacles Facing U.S. Companies Marketing Waste-to-Energy Overseas." In 9th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec9-104.

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Abstract Many countries overseas, for the first time, are beginning to explore the use of waste-to-energy plants as part of their integrated solid waste management plans. They are doing this for a number of reasons, which include geopolitical and economic pressures, as well as environmental. Overseas markets are actively seeking out, and wanting to apply the advancements made by U.S. waste-to-energy companies in the last three decades. U.S. companies have made U.S. waste-to-energy plants the least costly and most efficient plants in the world. U.S. waste-to-energy companies may be poised for new business opportunity for their systems in overseas markets. However, there are many obstacles to overcome in marketing technology and waste disposal services overseas. Where are those markets of opportunity? There are three criteria which can be used to screen for potential waste-to-energy markets: 1. Living standards; 2. Limitation on land use; and, 3. Rule of law. What are the cultural, geographic and competitive obstacles in marketing overseas? Can obstacles such as language, development costs, time zone differences, institutional experience with privatization, local and foreign competitive advantages be managed or medicated? An understanding of how a global economy impacts the marketing of U.S. waste-to-energy services is essential to formulating an overseas marketing plan.
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De Greef, Johan, Renaat De Proft, Kenneth Villani, and Miguel Angel Lopez. "Renewable Energy at Sustainable Cost Using a Combined Heat and Power WTE-Facility in the Paper Industry." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3532.

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In March 2008, Keppel Seghers started the engineering, supply, construction and commissioning of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plant in A˚motfors (Sweden). When completed in 2010 the plant will process close to 74,000 tons per year of household waste (average LHV = 10.5 MJ/kg) and limited quantities of (demolition) wood resulting in a yearly production of about 108,700 MWh of steam, 12,100 MWh of heat and 13,400 MWh of electricity. Herewith, the A˚motfors WtE-CHP is sized to meet the joined energy needs of the local paper production, neighboring industries and buildings at an overall net plant efficiency of almost 65%. The WtE-CHP will offer state-of-the-art combustion and energy recovering technology, featuring Keppel Seghers’ proprietary Air-Cooled Grate, SIGMA combustion control and integrated boiler. Waste is fed into the combustion line with an automatic crane system. To surpass the stringent EU emission requirements, a semi-dry flue gas cleaning system equipped with Keppel Seghers’ Rotary Atomizer was selected as economic type of process for purifying the combustion gas from the given waste mixture. Furthermore a low NOx-emission of 135 mg/Nm3 (11%O2, dry) as imposed by Swedish law is achieved by SNCR. The plant engineering is described with a focus on the overall energy recovery. As stable steam supply to the paper mill and the district heating system needs to be assured under all conditions the design includes for supporting process measures such as combustion air preheating, steam accumulation, turbine bypassing, buffering of the main condenser and back-up energy supply from an auxiliary fuel boiler. Additionally, external conditions can trigger distinct plant operation modes. A selected number of them are elaborated featuring the WtE-plant’s capability to conciliate a strong fluctuating steam demand with the typical intrinsic inertia of a waste-fired boiler. With prices for fossil fuels increasing over the years, the cost for generating process steam and heat has become dominant and for paper mills even makes the overall difference in viability. As will be documented in this paper, the decision to build the A˚motfors WtE-CHP was taken by Nordic Paper after a quest for significant cost-cutting in the production of process energy. Moreover, the use of industrial and household waste as fuel brings along the advantage of becoming largely independent from evolutions on the international oil and gas markets. By opening up the possibility for a long-term secured local (waste) fuel supply at fixed rates, WtE-technology offers a reliable alternative to maintain locally based industrial production sites. The Nordic Paper mills in A˚motfors are therefore now the first in Sweden to include a waste-fired CHP on a paper production site.
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8

Valvoda, Josef, Tiago Pimentel, Niklas Stoehr, Ryan Cotterell, and Simone Teufel. "What About the Precedent: An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Common Law." In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.181.

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9

Henning, R. "North American Underground Facilities." In TOPICAL WORKSHOP ON LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES: LRT-2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3579553.

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10

Dong, Xiangyang, and Yung C. Shin. "Multi-Scale Finite Element Modeling of Alumina Ceramics Undergoing Laser-Assisted Machining." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-3956.

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Alumina ceramics, due to their excellent properties of high hardness, corrosion resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient, are important industrial materials with a wide range of applications, but these materials also present difficulty in machining with low material removal rates and high tool wear. This study is concerned with laser-assisted machining (LAM) of high weight percentage of alumina ceramics to improve the machinability by a single point cutting tool while reducing the cutting forces. A multi-scale model is developed for simulating the machining of alumina ceramics. In the polycrystalline form, the properties of alumina ceramics are strongly related to the glass interface existing in their microstructure, particularly at high temperatures. The interface is characterized by a cohesive zone model (CZM) with the traction-separation law while the alumina grains are modeled as continuum elements with isotropic properties separated by the interface. Bulk deformation and brittle failure are considered for the alumina grains. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to obtain the atomistic structures and parameterize traction-separation laws for the interfaces of different compositions of alumina ceramics at high temperatures. The generated parameterized traction-separation laws are then incorporated into a finite element model in Abaqus to simulate the intergranular cracks. For validation purposes, simulated results of the multi-scale approach are compared with the experimental measurements of the cutting forces. The model is successful in predicting cutting forces with respect to the different weight percentage and composition of alumina ceramics at high temperatures in LAM processes.
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Reports on the topic "North American law"

1

Walker, A. Frito-Lay North America/NREL CRADA: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-06-176. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1087785.

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Lowney, Martin S., Scott F. Beckerman, Scott C. Barras, and Thomas W. Seamans. Gulls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208740.ws.

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Abundant gull populations in North America have led to a variety of conflicts with people. Gulls cause damage at aquaculture facilities and other properties, and often collide with aircraft. Their use of structures on and near water results in excessive amounts of bird droppings on boats and docks. Their presence near outdoor dining establishments, swimming beaches, and recreational sites can lead to negative interactions with people. Large amounts of gull fecal material pollutes water and beaches resulting in drinking water contamination and swim bans. A combination of dispersal techniques, exclusion and limited lethal control may reduce damage to an acceptable level. Gulls are classified as a migratory bird species and are protected by federal and, in most cases, state laws. In the United States, gulls may be taken only with a permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Occasionally, an additional permit is required from the state wildlife management agency.
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Becker, Sarah, Megan Maloney, and Andrew Griffin. A multi-biome study of tree cover detection using the Forest Cover Index. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42003.

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Tree cover maps derived from satellite and aerial imagery directly support civil and military operations. However, distinguishing tree cover from other vegetative land covers is an analytical challenge. While the commonly used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can identify vegetative cover, it does not consistently distinguish between tree and low-stature vegetation. The Forest Cover Index (FCI) algorithm was developed to take the multiplicative product of the red and near infrared bands and apply a threshold to separate tree cover from non-tree cover in multispectral imagery (MSI). Previous testing focused on one study site using 2-m resolution commercial MSI from WorldView-2 and 30-m resolution imagery from Landsat-7. New testing in this work used 3-m imagery from PlanetScope and 10-m imagery from Sentinel-2 in imagery in sites across 12 biomes in South and Central America and North Korea. Overall accuracy ranged between 23% and 97% for Sentinel-2 imagery and between 51% and 98% for PlanetScope imagery. Future research will focus on automating the identification of the threshold that separates tree from other land covers, exploring use of the output for machine learning applications, and incorporating ancillary data such as digital surface models and existing tree cover maps.
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4

Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman, and Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.
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