Relevant bibliographies by topics / North American Province

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'North American Province'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "North American Province"

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Christensen, Walter Kegel. "Actinocamax cobbani n. sp. from the Coniacian of Montana and Wyoming and the occurrence of Late Cretaceous belemnites in North America and Greenland." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 3 (1993): 434–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000036891.

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Actinocamax cobbani, a new belemnitellid species from the middle Coniacian of Montana and Wyoming, is described, including univariate and bivariate biometric analyses. The species is stout and medium sized, lanceolate or strongly lanceolate in ventral view, and has adorally a low cone-shaped alveolar fracture. It may be granulated. It is compared to species of Actinocamax Miller and Gonioteuthis Bayle from the North American and North European paleobiogeographic provinces. The importance of various morphological characters, such as the shape of the guard and the structure of the adoral end, are discussed. The majority of the belemnitellids of the North American Province are endemic and the stratigraphic distribution is punctuated during the Late Cretaceous, suggesting short-lived migrations of populations from the North European Province.
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Wilson, Edward C., and Ralph L. Langenheim. "Early Permian corals from Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 6 (1993): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025233.

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Rugose and tabulate corals from the Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) part of the Bird Spring Group in Arrow Canyon, Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada, comprise eight species in eight genera. Stylastraea rowetti n. sp. is the first unequivocal record of this genus west of Texas in North America. Heritschiella girtyi, the only endemic North American waagenophyllid genus and species, is recorded outside Kansas for the first time. Paraheritschioides stevensi formerly was known only from northern California. The other species also occur elsewhere in the Permian of Nevada and nearby. This southeast Nevada shelf area has the first known intermixture of corals from the Durhaminid Coral Province and subprovinces of far western North America and the Cyathaxonid Coral Province of middle and southwestern North America.
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Clayton, T. R. "Sophistry, Security, and Socio-Political Structures in the American Revolution; or, Why Jamaica did not Rebel." Historical Journal 29, no. 2 (1986): 319–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00018768.

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Britain's most important American colonies did not rebel in 1776. Thirteen provinces did declare their independence; but no fewer than nineteen colonies in the western hemisphere remained loyal to the mother country. Massachusetts and Virginia may have led the American revolution, but they had never been the leading colonies of the British empire. From the imperial standpoint, the significance of any of the thirteen provinces which rebelled was pale in comparison with that of Jamaica or Barbados. In the century before 1763 the recalcitrance of these two colonies had been more notorious than that of any mainland province and had actually inspired many of the imperial policies cited as long-term grievances by North American patriots in 1774. Real Whig ideology, which some historians have seen as the key to understanding the American revolution, was equally understood by Caribbean elites who, like the continental, had often proved extremely sensitive on questions of constitutional principle. Attacks of ‘frenzied rhetoric’ broke out in Jamaica in 1766 and Barbados in 1776. But these had nothing whatsoever to do with the Stamp Act or events in North America.
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Christensen, W. K. "The Late Cretaceous belemnite family Belemnitellidae: Taxonomy and evolutionary history." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 44 (March 15, 1997): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1998-44-04.

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The Late Cretaceous belemnite family Belemnitellidae Pavlow, 1914 occurs only in the Northern Hemisphere and includes nine genera and two subgenera: Praeactinocamax Naidin, 1964b, Actinocamax Miller, 1823, Belemnocamax Crick, 1910, GonioteuthisBayle, lS7S,BelemnellocamaxNaidin, 1964b,Goniocamax Naidin, 1964b, Belemnitella d'Orbigny, 1840, Belemnella (Belemnella) Nowak, 1913, Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) Schulz, 1979, Belemnella (Neobelemnella) Naidin, 1975 and Fusiteuthis Kongiel, 1962. The latter is most likely a nomen dubium. Diagnoses of the genera and subgenera are provided. The origin of the family is poorly known. The number of genera and subgenera, fluctuated during the Late Cretaceous. It was one to two in the Cenomanian, increased gradually to a maximum of six in the Early Santonian, decreased gradually to one during most of the Late Campanian and increased to two or possibly three in the Maastrichtian. The belemnitellids occur in the North European and North American palaeobiogeographical Provinces of the North Temperate Realm, in additon to the northern European margin of the Tethyan Realm. The centre of evolution lay in the North European Province and all known genera and subgenera occur there. Species of five genera and two subgenera occur on the northern European margin of the Tethyan Realm and the majority of these are conspecific with species from the North European Province. Species of essentially two genera occur in the North American Province and these are endemic, with a few exceptions.
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Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu. "Evolution of archaeocyaths and palaeobiogeography of the Early Cambrian." Geological Magazine 123, no. 4 (1986): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800033471.

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AbstractIn the Early Cambrian, there were two peaks of the increase in number of new archaeocyathan genera. These diversification bursts are, perhaps, related to significant changes in Early Cambrian palaeogeography. The first burst at the beginning of the Atdabanian was, perhaps, connected with the initiation of archaeocyathan expansion beyond the Siberian Platform. During the second half of the Atdabanian, closely related archaeocyathan assemblages were established from North Africa to Australia because neither climate, nor geographic isolation could have affected their differentiation in that time. At the end of the Atdabanian and the beginning of the Botomian the number of archaeocyathan genera again increased sharply, and isolated provinces were established. The American–Koryakiyan province was formed in western North America (from Alaska to Sonora) and included the Koryakiya, while the Afro–Siberian–Antarctic province probably extended from North Africa and Western Europe to Siberia, Australia, and Antarctica. The main difference between the regular archaeocyathan assemblages lies in what skeletal elements filled the intervallum. There was a certain stability in the distribution of skeletal elements of high taxonomic rank and an interchangeability of elements of low taxonomic rank.
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Bona, Paula, Martín D. Ezcurra, Francisco Barrios, and María V. Fernandez Blanco. "A new Palaeocene crocodylian from southern Argentina sheds light on the early history of caimanines." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1885 (2018): 20180843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0843.

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Caimanines are crocodylians currently restricted to South and Central America and the oldest members are from lower Palaeocene localities of the Salamanca Formation (Chubut Province, Argentina). We report here a new caimanine from this same unit represented by a skull roof and partial braincase. Its phylogenetic relationships were explored in a cladistic analysis using standard characters and a morphogeometric two-dimensional configuration of the skull roof. The phylogenetic results were used for an event-based supermodel quantitative palaeobiogeographic analysis. The new species is recovered as the most basal member of the South American caimanines, and the Cretaceous North American lineage ‘ Brachychampsa and related forms' as the most basal Caimaninae. The biogeographic results estimated north-central North America as the ancestral area of Caimaninae, showing that the Cretaceous and Palaeocene species of the group were more widespread than thought and became regionally extinct in North America around the Cretaceous–Palaeocene boundary. A dispersal event from north-central North America during the middle Late Cretaceous explains the arrival of the group to South America. The Palaeogene assemblage of Patagonian crocodylians is composed of three lineages of caimanines as a consequence of independent dispersal events that occurred between North and South America and within South America around the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary.
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Kovalenko, Ya N., A. N. Drogvalenko, and R. A. Khryapin. "First record of the larger black flour beetle (Cynaeus angustus) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Russia, with a review of its North American and trans-continental expansion." Zoosystematica Rossica 25, no. 2 (2016): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2016.25.2.291.

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The larger black flour beetle, Cynaeus angustus (LeConte, 1851), is recorded from Russia (Belgorod Province) for the first time. It is also first recorded in the literature from Ukraine (Lugansk and Kharkov Provinces), known previously from the Kharkov Province from the record in the Internet. Its economic importance, historical and contemporary distribution are discussed.
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Burkette, Gary D., Michael P. Riordan, and Diane A. Riordan. "BRANCH ACCOUNTING: EVIDENCE FROM THE ACCOUNTING RECORDS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MORAVIANS." Accounting Historians Journal 18, no. 1 (1991): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.18.1.21.

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Europeans transported continental accounting practices during the period of worldwide colonization. This paper describes the transportation of branch accounting by members of the Moravian Church. Physical records maintained in the Archives for the Southern Province of the Moravian Church at Salem, North Carolina, and for the Northern Province at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, contain a complex, two-tiered system of branch accounting for the enterprises within the settlements and the settlements within the worldwide Church. This paper traces recorded activity for 1775 from an enterprise to its diacony (business organization of a church) and from the diacony to the European Church headquarters. Reporting practices in both North American diaconies reflect a similar practice of branch accounting, each culminating in formal financial statements to the European “home office” of the Moravian Church.
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Rensberger, John M., and Li Chuan-Kuei. "A new prosciurine rodent from Shantung Province, China." Journal of Paleontology 60, no. 3 (1986): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000022289.

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A lower molar of a new species of rodent, Prosciurus? shantungensis, from the subsurface of eastern China adds to the diversity of the known Asian prosciurine aplodontids and increases the likelihood that aplodontids were widespread in Eurasia during the Oligocene. This form is structurally close to the North American prosciurine aplodontids, especially Prosciurus relictus from the middle Oligocene. The metaconid is strongly compressed and reduced in height, a condition partially developed in P. relictus but here more extreme. Height of the mesoconid and the degree of lophodonty are more advanced than in North American species of Prosciurus. P.? shantungensis differs from the prosciurine-like lower dentitions from Kazakhstan and Mongolia described by Argyropulo (1939) and Kowalski (1974) in crest development and in details of the cusp morphology. Types of the Asian prosciurine or presumed prosciurine species are upper dentitions for which associated lower dentitions are unknown, yet the slope of the crests in Prosciurus lohiculus is too low to match the occlusal surface in P.? shantungensis and the degree of lophodonty in P. arboraptus is less than would be expected for the upper dentition of the Shantung form.
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Shergold, J. H. "Review of trilobite biofacies distributions at the Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary." Geological Magazine 125, no. 4 (1988): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800013030.

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AbstractDetailed analysis of trilobite assemblages at the Cambrian–Tremadoc transition reveals the presence of four, possibly five, biogeographic provinces: Baltic, North China, Southeast China, North American, and possibly Siberian. One or more discrete biofacies characterize the transition in each province. When plotted palaeogeographically these appear to be largely temperature controlled. Interdigitation of provincialized trilobite biofacies is recognized by the representation of dominant types of trilobite, olenaceans, ceratopygaceans, remopleuridaceans, dikelocephalaceans and leio-stegiaceans in particular, on key boundary sections. These sections, at Nochixtlán, Mexico; Batyrbay, southern Kazakhstan; Broken Skull River, District of Mackenzie, Canada; and Jiangshan–Chang-shan, western Zhejiang, China, permit the correlation of biogeographic provinces globally. As a result of the application of trilobite biostratigraphy relatively few problems prevent the maintenance of a Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary stratotype section in its traditional Baltic biogeographic setting.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "North American Province"

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Larrivée, Maxim. "Diversity of canopy spiders in north-temperate hardwood forests." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115856.

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The objective of this thesis was to understand the spatial patterns and processes responsible for canopy and understorey spider (Arachnida: Araneae) diversity at multiple spatial scales in north-temperate hardwood forests. I sampled tree trunks (sticky traps) and foliage (beating) of sugar maple and American beech tree canopies and their understorey saplings in old growth forests near Montreal, Quebec. Results show the composition of canopy and understorey assemblages differed significantly, and so did sugar maple and American beech canopy assemblages. Each stratum was also dominated by different species. The rank-abundance distribution of species from each habitat wsa also verticaly stratified because it fit different distribution models. Different factors likely structure assemblages in both habitats, particularly since the canopy is a less stable environment. Spiders from canopy and understorey foliage were tested in a laboratory for their propensity to balloon. General linear models indicated that small sized web-building spiders of the RTA and Orbicularia clades have the highest propensity to balloon. Small bodied species initiated ballooning regardless of the habitat they were collected in or their developmental stage. My results support the mixed evolutionarily stable strategy theory and indicate the absence of risk-spreading in the dispersal strategy of canopy spiders. My last chapter focused on dispersal capacity and diversity patterns of spiders at multiple spatial scales. Analyses of the species diversity of limited and high dispersal capacity species subsets through nested-multivariate ANOVA, additive diversity partitioning, and species-abundance distribution curves all point towards species-sorting processes as the main driver of local community spider diversity at the tree and stand spatial scales. Mass-effects and patch-dynamic processes drive site and regional scale diversity patterns. This thesis demonstrates that spiders provide good models to test many biological hypotheses. The research chapters of this thesis test hypotheses on the vertical stratification of forest spider diversity, the evolution of local dispersal adaptations, and the importance of dispersal capacity on species diversity patterns through a metacommunity framework.
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Saumure, Raymond A. "Spatial ecology and conservation of the North American wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) in a fragmented agri-forest landscape." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85093.

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The impact of agricultural practices on wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) movements and survivorship was investigated in a fragmented agri-forest landscape over two years. Agricultural activities and machinery contributed to the death of 20% of radio-tracked turtles. Annual survivorship of adults was 0.904 and 0.868 and for juveniles it was 0.815 and 0.831 for 1998 and 1999, respectively. Mutilation rates in adults were 90% +/- 3% in both years; in contrast, the maximum rate in juveniles was 57%. Setting the cutting height of disc mowers to 100 mm would increase harvest yields, reduce wear on machinery, decrease soil erosion, and reduce turtle mortality and mutilation rates. The concepts of integral, statistical, and linear range are introduced as distinct estimators of turtle movements. Since integral ranges include all habitats critical to survival, they provide an important contribution to our knowledge of imperiled species. Statistical ranges are stable and easily promote within and between study comparisons. Linear ranges quantify migratory and ranging movements. Thread-trailing techniques were used to record the fine-scale movements of six adult male G. insculpta translocated to an experimental hayfield patch-matrix. Although patch size had no effect on move length or path sinuosity, habitat structure did. Paths were generally straighter and move length longer in the harvested portion of a hayfield. Apparent habitat boundaries were shown to be permeable. Subjects exhibit three movement phases: agitation dispersal, local search, and ranging. Thus, G. insculpta exhibit predetermined movement patterns and move to maximize the likelihood of locating resources, while minimizing the probability of revisiting previously searched areas. Recent changes in agricultural practices and machinery are having a decidedly negative impact on G. insculpta. This study provides new insights into the movements of G. insculpta. Such knowledge will be an es
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Morin, Patrick. "Hierarchical habitat selection by North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) in Parc national du Bic, Québec, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79054.

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Hierarchical habitat selection was studied in the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) in Parc National du Bic, Quebec, Canada. To establish the study population, 150 porcupines were captured and immobilized using a mixture of ketamine and xylazine. Different drug doses and injection techniques were tested. Best results were obtained by injecting in the tail muscles, which allowed a 50% reduction in dose relative to reported dosage. Hierarchical analysis of habitat selection revealed that although porcupines are generalists at the landscape scale, they display habitat selection at the home range and individual tree scales. Human-used land and conifer forests were least preferred features of home ranges. Trembling aspen was found to be preferred over other deciduous trees, except for fruit-producing trees, which came out as being even more preferred at the tree scale. This study shows the importance of a multi-scale approach that includes fine-scale selection.
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Collins, Nathan. "Geochemical Systematics Among Amphibolitic Rocks in the Central Blue Ridge Province of southwestern North Carolina." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3045.

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ABSTRACT The Central Blue Ridge sub-province of the southern Appalachian Mountains preserves an unique and complex geologic history. The Cartoogechaye terrane is the westernmost terrane of the Central Blue Ridge sub-province, and is characterized by extensive olistostromal sequences, including mafic-ultramafic massifs, isolated mafic units, and block-in-matrix structures of varying scales. This study investigates the genetic and tectonic relationships, and regional chemical and metamorphic trends of the amphibolitic rocks entrained within units of the Cartoogechaye and nearby terranes, toward constraining the origins of these regional sequences, and examining the rationale for the current Blue Ridge terrane designations. A distinct compositional variation exists between the northern and southern portions of the Cartoogechaye terrane, evident in the mafic rocks of the terrane. The amphibolite blocks and mega-blocks of the Willets-Addie mafic unit, in the northeastern portion of the Cartoogechaye terrane, indicate igneous rock protoliths of a calc-alkaline composition that are different from the mafic-origin amphibolitic massifs of the southwestern Cartoogechaye terrane (Ryan et al., 2005). Amphibolitic blocks of the Tathams Creek/Sylva area, immediately southwest of the Willets-Addie study site, show rare earth element systematics indistinguishable from the more mafic rocks in the Willets-Addie area, albeit with some chemical variation related most likely to variable migmatization of the rocks regionally. Mafic rocks in the adjoining Mars Hill terrane to the northwest show similar chemical trends, even though the Mars Hill terrane is recognized as different from the Cartoogechaye terrane, based on dating results from enclosing granitiods and migmatitic segregations. In the southwestern Cartoogechaye terrane, the Carroll Knob mafic complex preserves chemical signatures suggestive of ocean crustal origins, similar to the Buck Creek mafic-ultramafic suite (Berger et al. 2001, Peterson et al., 2009). However, the amphibolites in the Carroll Knob complex indicate pyroxene-rich cumulate and gabbroic protoliths consistent with an active oceanic magma system undergoing continuous magmatic replenishment and crystallization. West of the Carroll Knob complex, the Kimsey Bald mafic body includes amphibolites with protoliths comparable to the MORB-like, high-Ti amphibolites of the Buck Creek suite. The few amphibolite samples from the Lake Chatuge complex examined in this study also shows ocean crustal affinities, similar to those in the Buck Creek, Kimsey Bald, and Carroll Knob complexes. The chemical distinctions among these amphibolite suites, and the differences in the inferred crustal ages among their enclosing crustal units point to a possible boundary between the northern and southern regions of the Cartoogechaye terrane, one related either to likely crustal protoliths, or to a change in tectonic environment. The varied types of blocks comprising the Tathams Creek and associated Cartoogechaye units may indicate a transitional zone between the upper plate-derived accretionary sequences observed to the northeast and dominantly lower oceanic plate lithologies exposed in the southwestern extent of the terrane.
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Klvana, Ilya. "The solar cycle as a possible modulator of ecosystem functioning on the decadal time scale : new evidence from North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) feeding scars and climatic data." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78395.

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North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) feeding scars on trees were used as an index of past porcupine abundance in the Bas St. Laurent region of eastern Quebec, Canada. The frequency distribution of scars revealed that porcupine populations have fluctuated regularly over the past 130 years in the Bas St. Laurent region, with superimposed periodicities of 11 and 22 years. This porcupine population cycle has closely followed the 11 and 22-year solar activity cycles. An analysis of local temperature and precipitation data revealed a close relationship between fluctuations in annual precipitation and both the solar cycle and the porcupine cycle. These results suggest that the solar cycle has sufficiently important effects on the climate along the southern shore of the St. Lawrence estuary to influence terrestrial ecosystem functioning to the point of setting the rhythm of porcupine population fluctuations. This is the strongest available evidence of a top-down cascading effect of solar variability on ecological systems at the decadal time scale and local spatial scale. These results confirm and extend those obtained by others at greater temporal and spatial scales and provide exciting opportunities for future research on the extensively debated topic of solar variability and its impact on our planet.
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Neff, Kirstin Lynn. "Seasonality of Groundwater Recharge in the Basin and Range Province, Western North America." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556969.

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Alluvial groundwater systems are an important source of water for communities and biodiverse riparian corridors throughout the arid and semi-arid Basin and Range Geological Province of western North America. These aquifers and their attendant desert streams have been depleted to support a growing population, while projected climate change could lead to more extreme episodes of drought and precipitation in the future. The only source of replenishment to these aquifers is recharge. This dissertation builds upon previous work to characterize and quantify recharge in arid and semi-arid basins by characterizing the intra-annual seasonality of recharge across the Basin and Range Province, and considering how climate change might impact recharge seasonality and volume, as well as fragile riparian corridors that depend on these hydrologic processes. First, the seasonality of recharge in a basin in the sparsely-studied southern extent of the Basin and Range Province is determined using stable water isotopes of seasonal precipitation and groundwater, and geochemical signatures of groundwater and surface water. In northwestern Mexico in the southern reaches of the Basin and Range, recharge is dominated by winter precipitation (69% ± 42%) and occurs primarily in the uplands. Second, isotopically-based estimates of seasonal recharge fractions in basins across the region are compared to identify patterns in recharge seasonality, and used to evaluate a simple water budget-based model for estimating recharge seasonality, the normalized seasonal wetness index (NSWI). Winter precipitation makes up the majority of annual recharge throughout the region, and North American Monsoon (NAM) precipitation has a disproportionately weak impact on recharge. The NSWI does well in estimating recharge seasonality for basins in the northern Basin and Range, but less so in basins that experience NAM precipitation. Third, the seasonal variation in riparian and non-riparian vegetation greenness, represented by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), is characterized in several of the study basins and climatic and hydrologic controls are identified. Temperature was the most significant driver of vegetation greenness, but precipitation and recharge seasonality played a significant role in some basins at some elevations. Major contributions of this work include a better understanding of recharge in a monsoon-dominated basin, the characterization of recharge seasonality at a regional scale, evaluation of an estimation method for recharge seasonality, and an interpretation of the interaction of seasonal hydrologic processes, vegetation dynamics, and climate change.
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Desjardins, Marlene J. "Play as an educational strategy in Aboriginal kindergarten, grade one , and grade two classrooms." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23210.

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Today we are witnessing an increased demand for Aboriginal people to assume teaching roles previously held by white Western people in their communities (L. McAlpine, personal communication; Matthew, 1982). To date, there is little research documenting the teaching strategies of different Aboriginal peoples in Canada. The present study documents Cree and Mohawk teachers' beliefs about and use of play as an educational strategy at the primary and early elementary levels, and contrasts this with three non-Aboriginal teachers working in the same communities. Nine Aboriginal teachers were interviewed regarding their beliefs about play as an educational strategy; seven of these teachers were also videotaped teaching. A coding scheme was used to analyse the teachers' videotaped lessons. Similar data were obtained for the non-Aboriginal teachers. The Cree and Mohawk teachers held similar beliefs about play as an educational strategy; their beliefs differed from those of the non-Aboriginal teachers. In terms of their use of play, some differences between the Cree and Mohawk teachers were found; differences between the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal teachers also surfaced. Results support the notion that Aboriginal teacher may differ from non-Aboriginal teacher's in their beliefs about play, and that Cree and Mohawk teachers themselves may use different patterns of play in their lessons.
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Garrett, Bryan A. Stockdale Nancy L. "Missionary millennium the American West : North and West Africa in the Christian imagination /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-11043.

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Frantescu, Adina L. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EOCENE FOSSIL DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ATLANTIC COAST AND EUROPEAN TETHYAN PROVINCES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1368632359.

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Hidalgo, Luis F. "Neoliberal globalization and its critics : theory, practice and resistance in the Americas." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31114.

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This paper advances a theoretical construct entitled "neoliberal globalization" to explain the transformations in state form since the late 1970s which have been inspired by neoliberalism, an ideology privileging market mechanisms for capital accumulation and social organization. The essay will then examine the phenomenon of Canada's and Quebec's integration into the North American and the hemispheric economies since the mid-1980s. The following section will focus on the impact of neoliberal globalization on Quebec's idiosyncratic modalities of state organization and social integration. Lastly, the essay will investigate a transnational resistance movement in the Americas opposing neoliberal hemispheric integration, as well as recent mutations on Quebec's social and political left. The growth of cross-border coalitions opposing the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and transformation of left politics in Quebec will be accounted for by reviewing theories of social movement internationalism.
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Books on the topic "North American Province"

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A, Thornton Patricia, ed. Peopling the North American city: Montreal, 1840-1900. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2011.

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Shekleton, Margaret. Bending in season: History of the North American Province of the Sisters of the Divine Savior, 1895 to 1985. Sisters of the Divine Savior, 1985.

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Egnal, Marc. Divergent paths: How culture and institutions have shaped North American growth. Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Fleur, Terri La. La Fleur's 91 North American gambling abstract. TLF Publications, Inc., 1991.

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1966-, Powell Lisa M., and Queen's University (Kingston, Ont.). Institute of Intergovernmental Relations., eds. A First Nations province. Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queen's University, 1992.

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Finch, Warren Irvin. Uranium provinces of North America: Their definition, distribution, and models. U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Tulloch, J. D. G. Report on the inspection of pensioners in the North American provinces. s.n.], 1986.

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Canada. Acts relating to Indian matters in the province of Canada. S. Derbishire & G. Desbarats, 2001.

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Dupont, Jean-Claude. Indian legends. Éditions Dupont, 1993.

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Parliament, Great Britain. Emigration: Papers relative to emigration to the British provinces in North America. W. Clowes, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "North American Province"

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Villegas, Dalila Viviana Herrera. "Dunes as Units of Preservation of the Archaeological Record in the North Coast of San Matías Gulf, Province of Río Negro (Argentina)." In The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17828-4_6.

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Benson, Richard N. "Age estimates of the seaward-dipping volcanic wedge, earliest oceanic crust, and earliest drift-stage sediments along the North American Atlantic continental margin." In The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: Insights From Fragments of Pangea. American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/136gm04.

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Scott, Robert, Whitney Campbell, Brian Diehl, Xin Lai, Allison Porter, and Yulun Wang. "Barremian-Albian (Lower Cretaceous) Rudist Chronostratigraphy, Caribbean Province North America." In Paleobiodiversity and Tectono-Sedimentary Records in the Mediterranean Tethys and Related Eastern Areas. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01452-0_21.

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Yamamoto, Takashi. "Professional Practices in Fixed Assets Valuation and Assessor Education in North America: Suggestions for Japan." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_9.

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AbstractThis paper examined and compared the situation of and problems with professional practices in fixed assets valuation and assessor education between North America (the United States and Canada) and Japan. Because professional practice in tax assessment takes place within individual municipalities in North America, the opportunities for external experts to participate in the practice are limited. Moreover, external institutions and universities that provide professional education educated the assessors who were in charge of these professional practices. As a result, the costs of professional practices in tax assessment and assessor education and training have been kept low. In Japan, there has been no foundation through which to foster experts within individual municipalities, so much professional practice is outsourced; consequently, this practice has become ineffective and unstable. Thus, Japan can refer to the North American system of providing complete professional tax assessment services within each municipality, as well as the fostering of experts through external organizations.
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Kissling, Elizabeth Arveda. "Introduction: Menstruation as Narrative." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_62.

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Abstract Personal stories, urban legends, literature, media representations, and other kinds of narratives provide means of sharing information about menstruation, including what women and other menstruators should and should not do during their periods. For instance, no book has had more impact upon pubescent North American girls than Judy Blume’s 1970 Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret. Girls growing up in the 1970s and onward, in a cultural milieu where they were encouraged to silence their questions and hush their bodies, had a protagonist with whom to identify and empathize.
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Streepey, Margaret M., Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni, Ben A. van der Pluijm, Eric J. Essene, and Jerry F. Magloughlin. "Exhumation of a collisional orogen: A perspective from the North American Grenville Province." In Memoir 197: Proterozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Grenville Orogen in North America. Geological Society of America, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-1197-5.391.

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Alexander, Earl B., Roger G. Coleman, Todd Keeler-Wolfe, and Susan P. Harrison. "Northern Cascade-Fraser River, Domain 7." In Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165081.003.0025.

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The Northern Cascade–Fraser River domain conforms to the Northern Cascade Mountains physiographic province in northwestern Washington and southern British Columbia, the San Juan Islands between the southern tip of Vancouver Island and the Northern Cascade Mountains, and much of the Interior Plateau province of British Columbia. The thread that connects these areas is the north–south Straight Creek–Fraser River fault system that runs through the Northern Cascade Mountains and northward along the Fraser River. The localities of domain 7 are along faults that branch off from this major fault system. The Northern Cascade Mountains are indeed mountainous, and the Interior Plateau of British Columbia is an area of dissected plateaus and scattered mountains. The Fraser River flows northwest in the Rocky Mountain Trench, which separates the North American craton on the northeast from accreted terranes on the southwest; then it turns around the northwest end of the Cariboo Mountains to the Interior Plateau. In the Interior Plateau, the Fraser River flows from Prince George south about 500 km to the Northern Cascade Mountains before turning westward toward the Pacific Coast. The northern part of domain 7 is in that part of the Fraser River basin, including tributaries northwest of Prince George, which is in the Interior Plateau province. Low, hilly terrain dominates the San Juan Islands. All of these areas in domain 7, except the Ingalls complex on southeast margin of the Northern Cascade Mountains, were covered by the Cordilleran ice sheet during the last stage of the Pleistocene glaciation, leaving <15 ka years for soil development on the current ground surfaces. Although alpine glaciers formed in the southeastern margin of the Northern Cascade Mountains, they did not cover all of the soils, allowing some of them longer time for development. Elevations in domain 7 range from sea level on San Juan Islands to mostly in the 600–1500 m range on the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, and up to 4392 m on Mt. Rainier in the Northern Cascade Mountains.
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Robbins, Eleanora I., and Michalann Harthill. "Life in a Copper Province." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0024.

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The North American Lake Superior region contains a world-class copper province nearly 300,000 km² in area. A dozen major copper deposits and hundreds of smaller mineral accumulations are located in Michigan, Minnesota, and Ontario (Morey and Sims 1996), many of which include As, nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), Co, Mo, and Fe, as well as Cu (Nicholson et al. 1992). Historically, the province has hosted a variety of life forms; fossil biota have been traced as far back as 2.6-2.75 Ga. Palynological and microbial research (Robbins 1985, Robbins et al. 1994) prompts speculation about possible correlations between copper and the biota that evolved there. Because the region has been subjected to continental collisions, volcanism, glaciation, rifting, weathering, sea level rise and fall, waxing and waning of lakes, soil formation, and now to human settlement and development including mining, the fossil record is discontinuous. This review of the geologic formations in the Lake Superior region from the Precambrian to the present, and their copper and biotic occurrences and associations, attempts to illuminate some of those geologic/ biologic correlations, and includes mention of modern environmental concerns. Copper is one of nearly 75 chemical elements contributing to metabolic or structural functions of organisms (Dexter-Dyer et al. 1984). Bioassimilation varies and depends not only on availability from the environment, but also on the species, gender, and age of organism with specific concentrations also depending on diet, health, tissue assayed, and various synergisms with other trace elements such as Fe and Zn. Indeed, copper is an essential element and co-factor contributing to copper-associated polypeptides that provide catalytic and electron transfer functions in almost every known group of organisms alive today, from bacteria to humans. Copper proteins contribute to skin pigmentation, nerve coverings, and in mechanisms of development, maintenance, and repair of connective tissues important for well-functioning cardiovascular systems (Eisler 2000). Presently, over two dozen essential copper proteins, some with porphyrin-copper functional groups (similar to the porphyrin-iron association in hemoglobin), have been identified, each with its specific developmental or physiological function (Cowan 1998).
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Lewis, John. "Métis older adults and the negotiation of nativeness." In Aging People, Aging Places. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352563.003.0020.

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This chapter refers to community planners and local government decision makers that are acutely aware of the changing demographic character of North American communities. It examines the retirement of the baby boomer generation, which is projected that 20 percent of the North American population will be 65 years or older. It also recounts how the Age-Friendly Communities (AFC) movement acquired considerable policy and research traction since its launch by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2007. The chapter discusses that the province of Ontario has made several incremental efforts to expand its AFC policy efforts based on three linked strategic policies and investments. It includes the launch of the Finding the Right Fit Age-Friendly Communities Planning Guide, the Ontario AFC Planning Grants Program, and funding for an AFC Outreach and Community Support Program.
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Leveille, Richard A., and Ralph J. Stegen. "The Southwestern North America Porphyry Copper Province." In Geology and Genesis of Major Copper Deposits and Districts of the WorldA Tribute to Richard H. Sillitoe. Society of Economic Geologists, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.16.15.

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Conference papers on the topic "North American Province"

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Badami, Marco, Antonio Mittica, and Alberto Poggio. "MSW Incineration Capacity Evaluations for the Province of Turin (Northern Italy)." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1926.

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This paper assesses the incineration capacity requirement of the Province of Turin through a detailed analysis of the mass streams and the properties of residual Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Historical data series were elaborated to study the trend evolution of household generation and separate collection. Residual MSW material compositions were calculated for each year over an observed period and for planned scenarios. A waste properties model was applied to calculate the residual MSW chemical composition and the LHV. The analysis allows conclusions to be drawn about the design of the planned waste-to-energy plant and to estimate the required size and technology to be used. The results show that the use of grate furnace combustor appears to be more suitable than fluidized bed.
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Cooper Boemmels, Jennifer, Jean Crespi, Thomas H. Fleming, and Laura E. Webb. "EARLY CRETACEOUS POSTRIFT EVOLUTION OF THE EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN MARGIN: INSIGHTS FROM THE NEW ENGLAND-QUEBEC IGNEOUS PROVINCE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-336121.

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Barnes, Melanie A., Dustin E. Sweet, and Thomas E. Ewing. "THE GRANITE RHYOLITE PROVINCE OF NORTH AMERICA." In Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019sc-327522.

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Lehlbach, David S., David T. Hunt, Kevin M. Foy, and Rodney E. Case. "Applying the European High-Speed Rail Experience to North America." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36285.

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Driven by a range of factors, there is growing interest in highspeed passenger rail (HSR) and intercity passenger rail (IPR) in North America. A valuable source of information on the cooperation needed to make these services viable in North America is European experience with HSR/IPR, which extends over many decades. North American owners and operators can learn much from Europe with regard to operating dense, mixed-use corridors: Using a “partnership” model, European rail operators have found that when incremental demand for freight and passenger markets are considered together, networks can be expanded faster and further. In North America, a similar partnership approach to capital and strategic planning has already shown huge benefits, for example, in the development of the highly regarded Capital Corridor passenger service in California and in infrastructure improvements on Canadian National’s Kingston subdivision that allow VIA Rail to provide 100–125 mph train service. Through an analysis of current passenger/freight cooperation in Europe, and the examination of HSR/IPR developments and trends in North America, we aim in this paper to illustrate how benefits can be achieved for all stakeholders in the North American rail system as passenger services expand.
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Anderson, Gerald B., and Ryan S. McWilliams. "Vehicle Health Monitoring System Development and Deployment." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55212.

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Over the last several years the North American railroad industry has seen a determined growth in the area of advanced vehicle health monitoring systems, such as wheel impact load detectors, truck performance detectors, hunting detectors; and more recently, in low hanging air hose detectors, acoustic bearing detectors, and wheel profile measurement systems. The interest in performance-based monitoring is high and growing. Latest developments by Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Association of American Railroads (AAR), are in the initial stages of deployment and include acoustic roller bearing detectors and truck performance detectors. Together, these detectors and others still in development look to provide railroads and car owners with information on car component performance that can lead to preventive or predictive maintenance. This paper will describe the development and deployment of the Trackside Acoustic Detection System (TADS) and Truck Performance Detector (TPD) by TTCI in North America and internationally.
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Kimbrough, David L. "THE JURASSIC ARC SILICIC LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE (SLIP) OF SOUTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA." In Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-314203.

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Fry, Nicholas. "Cost and Technical Profiling of Geothermal District Heating Using GEOPHIRES and Comsof Heat Simulation Software." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-65121.

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Abstract The heating of commercial and residential buildings in the United States is mostly dependent on fossil fuel sources such as natural gas. GeoVision, a U.S. Department of Energy study from 2019, found a tremendous market potential for geothermal district heating systems (GDHS). To date, most of the GDHS development, conventional or with heat pumps, has taken place in China and Europe. GDHS component manufacturing capacity in North America is not mature and significant increases in construction would likely require importation of European goods. This project attempts to expand market intelligence by simulating the cost for installation of modern European pipe, control, substations, and heat interface units serving a conventional GDHS in Helena, Montana. A shallow, low-temperature (< 75°C) surface manifestation, 2 kilometers from the service area, is the heat source. Three production simulations with varying wellhead flow rates were made, then projected across a heat network using two simulation tools: GEOthermal energy for Production of Heat and electricity (GEOPHIRES) and Comsof Heat. Correlations between flow rates, heat losses, utilization factors, and costs indicate important variables for developer consideration. A cost profile was made using the average of these simulations. Exploiting a shallow, low-temperature heat source for a GDHS often requires greater investment in the heat network than the wellfield. This project suggests North American geothermal developers must prepare for interdisciplinary GDHS projects that fall outside of their current business models. European DH operators and manufacturers can provide surface system expertise and materials while North America assesses subsurface exploitation targets. Bringing European DH professionals together with North American geothermal experts may help realize the potential of the GeoVision study, unlocking new business opportunities.
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Singh, Kalwant, Stephen A. Holditch, and Walter B. Ayers. "Basin Analog Investigations Answer Characterization Challenges of Unconventional Gas Potential in Frontier Basins." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29688.

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To meet the global energy demand of the coming decades, the energy industry will need creative thinking that leads to the development of new energy sources. Unconventional gas resources, especially those in frontier basins, will play an important role in fulfilling future world energy needs. To develop unconventional gas resources, we must first identify their occurrences and quantify their potential. Basin analog assessment is a technique that can be used to rapidly and inexpensively identify and quantify potential unconventional gas resources. We have developed a basin analog methodology that is useful for rapidly and consistently evaluating the unconventional hydrocarbon resource potential in exploratory basins. The center of this approach is computer software, Basin Analog Systems Investigation (BASIN), which is used to identify analog basins. This software is linked to a database that includes geologic and petroleum systems information from intensely studied North America basins that contain well characterized conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources. To test BASIN, we selected 25 basins in North America that have a history of producing unconventional gas resources and began populating the database with critical data from these basins. These North American basins are “reference” basins that will be used to predict resources in other North American or international “target” or exploratory basins. The software identifies and numerically ranks reference basins that are most analogous to the target basin for the primary purpose of evaluating the potential unconventional resources in the target basin. We validated the software to demonstrate that it functions correctly, and we tested the validity of the process and the database. Accuracy of the results depends on the level of detail in the descriptions of geologic and petroleum systems. Finding a reference basin that is analogous to a frontier basin may provide critical insights into the frontier basin. Our method will help predict the unconventional hydrocarbon resource potential of frontier basins, guide exploration strategies, provide insights to reservoir characteristics, and help engineers make preliminary decisions concerning the best practices for drilling, completion, stimulation and production.
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Neff, Kirstin L., Thomas Meixner, Lissette de la Cruz, and Hoori Ajami. "SEASONALITY OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN THE BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE, WESTERN NORTH AMERICA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307615.

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McCauley, Robert, and Jeffrey Pike. "Feederlink Earth Station to provide Mobile Satellite Services in North America." In 15th International Communicatons Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-943.

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Reports on the topic "North American Province"

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Lucas, S. B., and M. R. St-Onge. Geology of the Precambrian Superior and Grenville provinces and Precambrian fossils in North America. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210100.

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Elias, R. J. Environmental Cycles and Bioevents in the Upper Ordovician Red River - Stony Mountain Solitary Rugose Coral Province of North America. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132189.

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Desai, Jairaj, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, et al. Dashboards for Real-time Monitoring of Winter Operations Activities and After-action Assessment. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317252.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) operates a fleet of nearly 1100 snowplows and spends up to $60M annually on snow removal and de-icing as part of their winter operation maintenance activities. Systematically allocating resources and optimizing material application rates can potentially save revenue that can be reallocated for other roadway maintenance operations. Modern snowplows are beginning to be equipped with a variety of Mobile Road Weather Information Sensors (MARWIS) which can provide a host of analytical data characterizing on-the-ground conditions during periods of wintry precipitation. Traffic speeds fused with road conditions and precipitation data from weather stations provide a uniquely detailed look at the progression of a winter event and the performance of the fleet. This research uses a combination of traffic speeds, MARWIS and North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) data to develop real-time dashboards characterizing the impact of precipitation and pavement surface temperature on mobility. Twenty heavy snow events were identified for the state of Indiana from November 2018 through April 2019. Two particular instances, that impacted 182 miles and 231 miles of interstate at their peaks occurred in January and March, respectively, and were used as a case study for this paper. The dashboards proposed in this paper may prove to be particularly useful for agencies in tracking fleet activity through a winter storm, helping in resource allocation and scheduling and forecasting resource needs.
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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Uranium provinces of North America; their definition, distribution, and models. US Geological Survey, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2141.

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