To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: North American Vaccine Inc.
Journal articles on the topic 'North American Vaccine Inc'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'North American Vaccine Inc.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Thomas, Sheeba K., Soung-chul Cha, Sapna R. Parshottam, Sheetal S. Rao, Jasper B. Olsem, Brandon N. Crumpton, Szymon Szymura, et al. "A Novel Therapeutic DNA Vaccine Elicits Reduction of Tumor Clones and Favorable Perturbations in the Immune Microenvironment in Patients (pts) with Untreated Smoldering Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (sWM)." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-140007.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Idiotypic determinants of the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) associated with a given pt's B-cell lymphoma are unique to that tumor, and can thus serve as a tumor-specific marker. This study aims to use an idiotype DNA vaccine to lengthen the smoldering phase of WM without inducing cross-resistance to available therapies. Administered vaccine used recombinant plasmid DNA encoding a fusion protein, consisting of autologous lymphoma scFv (pt-specific idiotype) and human CCL20 (macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha - MIP-3α) chemokine. Targeted delivery of this fusion protein to antigen-presenting cells, and subsequent processing and presentation, is hypothesized to break tolerance and generate an immune response against the idiotype, promoting eradication of antigen-expressing B-cell lymphoma cells. Methods: Pts with sWM received 3 intradermal vaccinations of pt-specific DNA vaccine at 4-week (wk) intervals (wks 0, 4 and 8). Two dose levels (500 µg; 2500 µg) were evaluated in a 3+3 design. The primary objective was to evaluate the vaccine's safety and identify the maximum tolerated dose. Secondary objectives were to assess immunogenicity of the vaccine to generate tumor-specific cellular immune responses. Results: Between 1/2016 - 1/2019, 9 pts (7 men) were treated (500 µg: n = 3; 2500 µg: n = 6). Median age at enrollment was 67 yrs (range 56-78); median time from diagnosis to 1st vaccination was 26.5 mos (8.8-120.9). MYD88 L265P + (6 pts). CXCR4 WHIM + (1 pt). With median follow up of 38 months (range: 8.8-51), 8 pts are known alive; 1 has been lost to follow up. Six have maintained stable disease; 3 have progressed to symptomatic WM at 8, 25, and 28 months respectively, from 1st vaccination). All pts completed planned therapy. No DLTs or Grade 4 AEs occurred. Ten mos. after the 3rd vaccination, 1 pt had a grade 3 pleural effusion and leukopenia with an increase in rheumatoid factor (23.1 IU/mL [normal range 0.0-15.9]) and ANA titer of 1:80; all resolved within 2 mos. Grade 1-2 AEs observed in > 3pts include: leukopenia (6), nausea (5), anemia (4), increased creatinine (4), fatigue (4). Immune correlatives have now been completed in all 9 patients. Analysis is ongoing, and complete data will be presented at the meeting. Serial pre- and post- vaccine samples analyzed by single-cell RNA seq from 3 representative patients (LPL 005, LPL 007, LPL 008) treated at the 2500 mg dose are shown in the Figure. DNA vaccine treatment significantly reduced the number of clonal B-cells in the bone marrow compartment of the 2 patients who have maintained SD (LPL 007 and LPL 008). DNA vaccine treatment also induced increases in monocytes in the tumor microenvironment of these 2 patients. In addition, T-cell receptor (TCR) sequence analysis revealed clear increases in TCR clonal expansions, consistent with a vaccine effect. In contrast, LPL 005, who had the earliest progression to symptomatic phase WM, had an increase in tumor B cells on post vaccine samples, and TCR clonotypes showed no changes. Similar changes were observed with serial bone marrow samples from the remaining patients treated on the trial, correlating with clinical outcome. Conclusions: Idiotype (scFv-CCL20) DNA vaccine therapy appears to be safe in pts with sWM. Preliminary results of serial single cell RNAseq analysis suggest that the tumor immune microenvironment is favorably altered after chemokine-tumor antigen DNA vaccine treatment and these vaccine-induced changes may correlate with clinical outcome. The immunologic changes observed suggest response to this vaccine, and warrant further investigation in a Phase II trial, possibly in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. Disclosures Thomas: Ascentage: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Other: Advisory Boards; Xencor: Research Funding; X4 Pharma: Research Funding. Lee:GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy. Manasanch:Adaptive Biotechnologies: Honoraria; Glaxo Smith Kline: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Quest Diagnostics: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; JW Pharma: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria, Research Funding. Patel:Nektar: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Precision Biosciences: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cellectis: Research Funding; Poseida: Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy. Orlowski:Founder of Asylia Therapeutics, Inc., with associated patents and an equity interest, though this technology does not bear on the current submission.: Current equity holder in private company, Patents & Royalties; Laboratory research funding from BioTheryX, and clinical research funding from CARsgen Therapeutics, Celgene, Exelixis, Janssen Biotech, Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.: Research Funding; STATinMED Research: Consultancy; Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen, Inc., AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, EcoR1 Capital LLC, Forma Therapeutics, Genzyme, GSK Biologicals, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Biotech, Juno Therapeutics, Kite Pharma, Legend Biotech USA, Molecular Partners, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Neelapu:Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Patents & Royalties; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Merck: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Kite, a Gilead Company: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; N/A: Other; Acerta: Research Funding; Karus Therapeutics: Research Funding; Cellectis: Research Funding; Poseida: Research Funding; Unum Therapeutics: Other, Research Funding; Calibr: Other; Adicet Bio: Other; Legend Biotech: Other; Allogene Therapeutics: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Cell Medica/Kuur: Other: personal fees; Incyte: Other: personal fees; Precision Biosciences: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Celgene: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Novartis: Other: personal fees; Pfizer: Other: personal fees. Kwak:CJ Healthcare: Consultancy; Sellas Life Sciences Grp: Consultancy; Enzychem Life Sciences: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Antigenics: Other: equity; InnoLifes, Inc: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pepromene Bio: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Xeme Biopharma/Theratest: Other: equity; Celltrion Healthcare: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celltrion, Inc.: Consultancy. OffLabel Disclosure: This study aims to use a novel idiotype DNA vaccine to lengthen the smoldering phase of WM without inducing cross-resistance to available therapies.
2
LOWNDES, C. M. "Vaccines for cervical cancer." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 1 (January 12, 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805005728.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYThis review focuses on current and future prevention of invasive cervical cancer (ICC), the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Implementation of population-based cytological screening programmes, using the ‘Pap’ smear to detect pre-cancerous lesions in the cervix, has resulted in substantial declines in mortality and morbidity from ICC in North America and some European countries. However, cases of, and deaths from, ICC continue to occur. Primary prevention of infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, the central causal factor of ICC, could further reduce incidence of and mortality from ICC. This is particularly the case in developing countries, which bear 80% of the burden of ICC, and where effective Pap screening programmes are extremely difficult to implement. Very promising results from several trials of synthetic HPV type-specific monovalent (HPV 16) and bivalent (HPV 16 and 18) vaccines have recently been published, showing high efficacy against type-specific persistent HPV infection and development of type-specific pre-cancerous lesions. Large-scale phase III trials of a number of such vaccine candidates are currently underway, and there is real hope that an effective vaccine capable of protecting against infection with HPV types 16 and 18 (which together account for ∼70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide), and thereby of preventing development of a very significant proportion of cases of ICC, could be available within the next 2 years.
3
Volkening, Tom. "North American Fruit Explorers, Inc. (NAFEX) http://www.nafex.org." Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 5, no. 4 (October 4, 2003): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j108v05n04_03.
Full text
4
Zink, Robert M. "North American/World BirdArea and BirdBase Santa Barbara Software Products, Inc." Auk 114, no. 1 (January 1997): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4089091.
Full text
5
Hamilton, K. G. A. "THE SPECIES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LEAFHOPPERSCERATAGALLIAKIRKALDY ANDACERATAGALLIAKIRKALDY (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 130, no. 4 (August 1998): 427–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent130427-4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe North American genusCeratagalliaKirkaldy, 1907 is redefined to include subgenusAceratagalliaKirkaldy, 1907 (=IoniaBall, 1933, syn.nov.) with 78 species in two subgenera. Two additional new species are unplaced to subgenus:C. aceratafrom Oregon, andC. emarginatafrom Mexico. The typical subgenusCeratagalliahas 30 species, includingC. gillettei(Osborn & Ball, comb.nov.),C. sordida(Oman, comb.nov.), and two new speciesC. anafrom Mexico andC. viperafrom Washington state. SubgenusAceratagalliahas 46 species, all new combinations underCeratagallia. The economic "species" formerly known as "sanguinolenta" is divided into the Canadian clover leafhopperC. humilis(Oman) and the American clover leafhopperC. agricolasp.nov. Other new taxa in subgenusAceratagalliainclude 18 new species and seven new subspecies:alaskana(ssp. ofsiccifolia)from Alaska;omanion the Pacific coast from Oregon to British Columbia;clinoandlophiafrom the Oregon interior;compressa(ssp. ofsiccifolia),gallus,modesta,okanagana, andzacki(ssp. ofnanella) from intermontane valleys of the Pacific northwest and southwestern mountains;interior(ssp. ofhumilis) androssifrom the Sonoran subregion;australis(ssp. ofnanella),coma,ebena,entoma,falcata,oionus, andvenosafrom Mexico and Texas;alvarana(ssp. ofhumilis),cerea,cristula,harrisi, semiarida, andviatorwidespread between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains; andwhitcombi(ssp. ofrobusta) from Florida to Arizona. Four former species are reduced to subspecies:compactaOman andpoudrisOman inC. robusta(Oman),helveolaOman inC. cinerea(Osborn & Ball), andtruncataOman inC. humilis. The taxa are keyed and illustrated, and their phylogeny is discussed.
6
Cramer, Michael D. "A changing world: proceedings of the North American serials interest group, inc." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 17, no. 3 (September 1993): 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(93)90094-m.
Full text
7
Heron, Iver, F. M. Chen, and Joan Fusco. "DTaP Vaccines from North American Vaccine (NAVA): Composition and Critical Parameters." Biologicals 27, no. 2 (June 1999): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/biol.1999.0187.
Full text
8
Marshall, Mazepa A., Michael Evans, Elizabeth Davis, Andrew Johnson, Ana G. Antun, Andrew M. Farland, Ryan R. Woods, et al. "Differential Effect of Rituximab on Relapse-Free Survival in De Novo and Relapsed Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in African-American and Caucasian Populations." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129383.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction The United States Thrombotic Microangiopathy (USTMA) Consortium consists of high-volume US referral centers that are committed to collaborative research in TMAs. The USTMA Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (iTTP) registry has compiled retrospective data on demographics, treatments and outcomes in patients with iTTP to create the world's largest database of patients with this rare disease. While there is consensus on the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for treatment of iTTP, there are no large randomized trials on which to base use of rituximab. The drug is frequently used for refractory or relapsed iTTP, but is currently being used more frequently for de novo (first episode) iTTP. We queried the USTMA iTTP registry to determine whether relapse free survival (RFS) is superior when rituximab is added to TPE and corticosteroids for treatment of iTTP. We hypothesized that the addition of rituximab would improve RFS at 5 years in both de novo and relapsing iTTP. Methods Following IRB approval at each institution, investigators independently reviewed individual patient records to confirm diagnostic criteria and entered demographic, treatment and outcomes data into the REDCap database housed at the University of North Carolina. The diagnosis of iTTP was defined as ADAMTS13 < 10% or ADAMTS13 < 20% with an inhibitor or antibody detected at any point or a clinical diagnosis of iTTP based on presenting characteristics, response to treatment and/or relapsing phenotype before ADAMTS13 testing became available (N=173). Relapse was defined as a recurrence of iTTP after at least 30 days of remission (recurrence within 30 days was considered an exacerbation, or continuation of the prior episode). To explore the effect of rituximab added to TPE and corticosteroids, we first assessed the treatment effect in de novo iTTP patients and then separately in relapse. We constructed Kaplan-Meier curves to compare RFS for patients treated with rituximab plus corticosteroids versus corticosteroids alone in both groups, and compared RFS at specific time points using the Klein method. To better understand whether other patient variables had an effect on RFS in both de novo episodes and relapses, ordinary (time-to-event) and mixed-effects (recurrent time-to-event) Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationships of treatment, race/ethnicity, sex, age, treatment year, and presenting signs/symptoms with the outcome. Analyses were conducted using R version 3.5.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Results As of July, 2019, the USTMA database contains 775 unique study patients with a confirmed diagnosis of iTTP with 1397 unique iTTP episodes. The treatment of patients' de novo iTTP episode was available for analysis in 375 patients, 188 of whom were treated with corticosteroids alone, 131 with corticosteroids plus rituximab, and 56 with other therapies. RFS was significantly higher in patients treated with corticosteroids and rituximab compared to those treated with corticosteroids alone at 1 year (0.93 vs. 0.78, p=0.0002) and 3 years (0.82 vs. 0.66, p=0.004) but not 5 years (0.60 vs. 0.56, p=0.39). In addition, the risk of relapse decreased with later treatment year for de novo iTTP (hazard ratio (HR) 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.99, p=0.03), consistent with rituximab use increasing over time, and was increased in African Americans compared with Caucasians (HR 1.83, 1.10-3.06, p=0.02). We then explored the treatment effect in all iTTP relapses (743 relapses in 426 patients). Here, a significant (p=0.0007) interaction between treatment and race was found. Among African Americans, we found no difference in RFS when rituximab was added (HR 1.15, 0.81-1.62, p=0.43). However, among Caucasians, RFS was significantly improved when rituximab was added (HR 0.15, 0.06-0.35, p<0.0001). Conclusions For de novo iTTP, adding rituximab to corticosteroids for immunosuppression likely delays but does not prevent relapse. Unlike in de novo disease, in patients with relapsed iTTP, we found a novel and significant interaction between race and treatment: while Caucasians had significantly improved RFS with the addition of rituximab, there was no effect on RFS in African Americans. Further investigation is warranted to determine the mechanisms of this difference in the response to rituximab in relapsed iTTP to improve outcomes in African Americans. Figure Disclosures Marshall: Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Farland:Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Metjian:Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Raval:Bayer, Inc: Research Funding; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Liles:Imara: Other: PI on Clinical trial- Sickle cell ; Shire: Other: PI on clinical trial Sickle cell ; Novartis: Other: PI on clinical trial Sickle cell . Baumann Kreuziger:CSL Behring: Consultancy; Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Consultancy. McCrae:Rigel Pharmaceutical: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Dova Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer Pharmaceutical: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Chaturvedi:Shire/Takeda: Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy; Alexion: Consultancy. Zheng:Clotsolution: Other: Co-Founder; Shire/Takeda: Research Funding; Ablynx/Sanofi: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Speakers Bureau. Cataland:Ablynx/Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; Alexion: Consultancy, Research Funding. Off Label Disclosure: rituximab for immunosuppression in TTP.
9
Clark, Cynthia D. "New Scholarship: New Serials: Proceedings of the North American Serials Interest Group, Inc." Serials Review 21, no. 2 (June 1995): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.1995.10764255.
Full text
10
Davis, Susan. "The future of serials: Proceedings of the North American Serials Interest Group, Inc." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 16, no. 3 (September 1992): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(92)90050-3.
Full text
11
Sengupta, Sohini, Giselle Corbie-Smith, Angela Thrasher, and Ronald P. Strauss. "African American Elders’ Perceptions of the Influenza Vaccine in Durham, North Carolina." North Carolina Medical Journal 65, no. 4 (July 2004): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.65.4.194.
Full text
12
TSANG, R. S. W., M. G. BRUCE, M. LEM, L. BARRETO, and M. ULANOVA. "A review of invasiveHaemophilus influenzaedisease in the Indigenous populations of North America." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 7 (March 5, 2014): 1344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814000405.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYHistorically, the highest incidence rates of invasiveHaemophilus influenzaedisease in the world were found in North American and Australian Indigenous children. Although immunization againstH. influenzaetype b (Hib) led to a marked decrease in invasive Hib disease in countries where it was implemented, this disease has not been eliminated and its rates in Indigenous communities remain higher than in the general North American population. In this literature review, we examined the epidemiology of invasiveH. influenzaedisease in the pre-Hib vaccine era, effect of carriage on disease epidemiology, immune response toH. influenzaeinfection and Hib vaccination in Indigenous and Caucasian children, and the changing epidemiology after Hib conjugate vaccine has been in use for more than two decades in North America. We also explored reasons behind the continued high rates of invasiveH. influenzaedisease in Indigenous populations in North America.H. influenzaetype a (Hia) has emerged as a significant cause of severe disease in North American Indigenous communities. More research is needed to define the genotypic diversity of Hia and the disease burden that it causes in order to determine if a Hia vaccine is required to protect the vulnerable populations.
13
Kapil, Sanjay, Robin W. Allison, Larry Johnston, Brandy L. Murray, Steven Holland, Jim Meinkoth, and Bill Johnson. "Canine Distemper Virus Strains Circulating among North American Dogs." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, no. 4 (February 6, 2008): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00005-08.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes multisystemic disease in dogs. We received seven samples from dogs with CD from the United States during 2007. CDV isolates from these samples formed large, multinucleated syncytia in a Vero cell line expressing canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). Based on the hemagglutinin gene sequences, the CDV isolates from three states (California, Missouri, and Oklahoma) formed two CDV genetic groups: group I (major; six of seven isolates) consisted of CDV isolates closely related to the European wildlife lineage of CDV, and group II (minor; one of seven isolates) was genetically related to the Arctic-like lineage of CDV. However, both CDV groups were genetically different from the current vaccine strains that belong to the American-1 lineage of the old (1930 to 1950) CDV isolates.
14
Hamid, Muhammad Saad, Sarah C. Rutherford, Seongho Kim, Nancy L. Bartlett, Mary-Kate Malecek, Marcus Watkins, Kami J. Maddocks, et al. "North American Practice Patterns for PET-2 Positive Hodgkin Lymphoma." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131276.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: A positive interim PET scan (PET2) following 2 cycles of ABVD for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is associated with a poor prognosis; several studies in advanced stage demonstrate benefit from escalating therapy. Definition of positivity (Deauville 3 (D3) vs Deauville 4/5 (D4/5)), initial treatment and response adaptive decisions may vary among clinicians. Data examining practice patterns in managing positive PET2 scans is lacking. We report practice patterns and outcomes for patients (pts) with positive PET2 results including D3 and D4/5 outcomes. Methods: Adult pts with classical HL and PET2 findings of D3, D4, and D5 after initial therapy between 01/01/2015 and 07/01/2019 were identified. Pts enrolled in clinical studies were excluded. Retrospective demographic, clinical, and treatment data were obtained and described from 14 academic and community sites across North America (NA). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were summarized by Kaplan-Meier curves and compared by log-rank test. Results: 166 PET2 positive pts were identified. Clinical characteristics included 54% (89/166) with advanced stage (III/IV) and 46% (77/166) with early stage (IA-IIB) disease. 152 pts (92%) were treated with initial ABVD like therapy and 14 pts (8%) with an alternate regimen (Table 1). After initial treatment, 163 pts demonstrated PET2 scores of D3 (n=33), D4 (n=99) and D5 (n=31). Of the 130 D4/5 pts; 23% (30/130) underwent therapeutic escalation and 77% (100/130) did not escalate. The complete response rate (CR) at end of treatment (EOT) for all D4/5 patients receiving escalation was 37% (11/30) compared to 45% (45/100) without escalation (p=0.43). (Table 2) The 12 month PFS was 54% (38.2-76.3) versus (vs) 69.2% (60.4-79.2) for escalation and no escalation respectively. Of the 66 D4/5 pts with advanced stage disease; 21% (14/66) had therapeutic escalation and 79% (52/66) did not escalate. CR at EOT was noted in 29% (4/14) with escalation vs 31% (16/52) without escalation (p=0.88). (Table 2) The 12 month PFS was 54.2% (32.9-89.3) vs 57.5% (44.9-73.7) for escalation and no escalation respectively. (Figure 1; Log Rank p=0.38). Of the 64 D4/5 pts with early stage disease; 75% (48/64) did not undergo escalation and 25% (16/64) had escalation. CR at EOT was noted in 44% (7/16) with escalation vs 60% (29/48) without escalation (p=0.26). (Table 2) The 12 month PFS was 54.7% (34.5-86.7) vs 80.8% (70.2-92.9) for escalation and no escalation respectively. Of the 33 D3 pts; 52% (17/33) de-escalated with the remainder (16/33) continuing on initial therapy. No D3 pt underwent escalation. In the 12 D3 pts with early stage disease, 50% (6/12) de-escalated. Of the 21 D3 pts with advanced stage disease; 52% (11/21) had de-escalation and 48% (10/21) did not de-escalate. CR at EOT was noted in 71% (12/17) with de-escalation vs 81% (13/16) without de-escalation (p=0.50). (Table 2) Progression was noted in 29% (5/17) of patients who underwent de-escalation compared to 38% (6/16) without de-escalation. The 12 month PFS was 76.5% (85.8-99.6) vs 72.1% (52.2-99.7) for de-escalation and no de-escalation respectively. Conclusion: This is the first study evaluating clinical practice patterns and outcomes of PET adaptive therapy in NA. In this retrospective study, less than a quarter of advanced stage ABVD-treated D4/5 pts had therapy escalation despite prior studies reporting benefit. Our data suggest that outcomes for advanced stage PET positive pts are suboptimal irrespective of therapeutic escalation. In addition, pts with D3 findings represent a heterogeneous population and demonstrate favorable outcomes compared to D4/5 pts. Longer follow up time and further studies with larger numbers of pts are essential for confirming the reported findings. Disclosures Rutherford: Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Verastem: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Heron: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen Scientific Affairs: Consultancy, Honoraria; Juno Therapeutics Inc: Consultancy, Honoraria. Bartlett:ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Forty Seven: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Genenetech: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Immune Design: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Maddocks:Novartis: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Teva: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Feldman:Takeda: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Viracta: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Portola Pharma: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Research Funding; Eisai: Research Funding; Corvus: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Cell Medica: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Kite Pharma: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Magarelli:Tevan Oncology: Speakers Bureau. Advani:Merck: Research Funding; Infinity Pharma: Research Funding; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celmed: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kura: Research Funding; Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Developments, Inc.: Consultancy; Millennium: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Agensys: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Stanford University: Employment, Equity Ownership; Bayer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cell Medica, Ltd: Consultancy; Forty-Seven: Research Funding; Autolus: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead Sciences, Inc./Kite Pharma, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Stephens:Karyopharm: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding. Patel:Sunesis: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics/Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Tees:Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Speakers Bureau. Karmali:Gilead/Kite; Juno/Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Takeda, BMS: Other: Research Funding to Institution; Astrazeneca: Speakers Bureau. Cheson:Portola: Research Funding; Kite: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Symbios: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Trillium: Research Funding; Epizyme: Research Funding; Morphosys: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Acerta: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Yazdy:Bayer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Octapharma: Consultancy; Genentech: Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy. Pagel:AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy. Ramchandren:Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Sandoz-Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics LLC, an Abbvie company: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
15
Nissenson, A. R. "The National Anaemia Action Council, Inc.: the primary North American resource for anaemia education and research." European Journal of Clinical Investigation 35, s3 (December 2005): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01537.x.
Full text
16
Han, Kiwon, Hwi Won Seo, Jeoung Hwa Shin, Yeonsu Oh, Ikjae Kang, Changhoon Park, and Chanhee Chae. "Effect of the Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Vaccine on European and North American PRRSV Shedding in Semen from Infected Boars." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 10 (August 10, 2011): 1600–1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05213-11.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to compare the effects of the modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV; Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, St. Joseph, MO) on European and North American PRRSV shedding in the semen of experimentally infected boars. The boars were randomly divided into six groups. Vaccinated boars shed the North American PRRSV at the rate of 100.1to 101.0viral genome copies per ml and 3.63 to 101.150% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/ml, respectively, in semen, whereas nonvaccinated boars shed the North American PRRSV at the rate of 100.2to 104.7viral genome copies per ml and 1.14 to 103.07TCID50/ml, respectively, in semen. Vaccinated boars shed the European PRRSV at the rate of 100.1to 104.57viral genome copies per ml and 1.66 to 103.10TCID50/ml, respectively, in semen, whereas nonvaccinated boars shed the European PRRSV at the rate of 100.3to 105.14viral genome copies per ml and 1.69 to 103.17TCID50/ml, respectively, in semen. The number of genomic copies of the European PRRSV in semen samples was not significantly different between vaccinated and nonvaccinated challenged European PRRSV boars. The present study demonstrated that boar vaccination using commercial modified live PRRSV vaccine was able to decrease subsequent shedding of North American PRRSV in semen after challenge but was unable to decrease shedding of European PRRSV in semen after challenge.
17
Emmenegger, E. J., and G. Kurath. "DNA vaccine protects ornamental koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) against North American spring viremia of carp virus." Vaccine 26, no. 50 (November 2008): 6415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.071.
Full text
18
Hove, Paidashe, Kelly A. Brayton, Junita Liebenberg, Alri Pretorius, Marinda C. Oosthuizen, Susan M. Noh, and Nicola E. Collins. "Anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein vaccine candidates are conserved in North American and South African strains." Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 11, no. 4 (July 2020): 101444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101444.
Full text
19
Abdelmutti, Nazek, and Laurie Hoffman-Goetz. "Risk Messages about HPV, Cervical Cancer, and the HPV Vaccine Gardasil in North American News Magazines." Journal of Cancer Education 25, no. 3 (March 16, 2010): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13187-010-0087-9.
Full text
20
Wesley, Ronald D., William L. Mengeling, Kelly M. Lager, Deborah F. Clouser, John G. Landgraf, and Merwin L. Frey. "Differentiation of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccine Strain from North American Field Strains by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of ORF 5." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, no. 2 (April 1998): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879801000204.
Full textAbstract:
The suitability of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis for differentiating a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine strain from other North American field strains was investigated. Open reading frame 5 nucleotide sequence data of the vaccine virus, its parent strain VR-2332, and 22 other strains of PRRSV included in this study indicated that 3 restriction enzyme gel patterns characterize the vaccine virus and the parent strain genotype. The combined 3 RFLP patterns differentiate the vaccine and parent virus from other PRRSV strains. This test will be a valuable tool in epidemiologic studies and will be useful in identifying individual strains in cases of multistrain PRRSV infections.
21
Hupp, Stephen L. "American History 4.09747Marc J. Schulman. American History 4.0. 224 North Avenue New Rochelle, NY 10801: MultiEducator, Inc 1996. URL: http://www.multied.com/history $79.95." Electronic Resources Review 1, no. 5 (May 1997): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/err.1997.1.5.52.47.
Full text
22
Barfield, J. P., and G. E. Seidel. "311 SUPEROVULATION OF NORTH AMERICAN BISON WITH TWO INJECTIONS OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab311.
Full textAbstract:
Few studies have examined superovulation of North American Bison. In cattle, ovarian superstimulation is usually achieved with 6 to 8 injections of FSH at half-day intervals. However, handling bison repeatedly stresses the animals, which could adversely affect their reproductive potential, as well as pose a risk of injury to the bison and handlers. To limit the number of times the bison were handled, we tested a two-injection superovulation scheme using sodium hyaluronate (MAP-5, Bioniche Animal Health Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada) in the FSH diluent, which serves to slow the absorption of FSH when given IM. We hypothesised that the two-injection superstimulation protocol would result in recovery of more embryos on average than a single-embryo recovery protocol. Although a traditional superovulation scheme with 6 to 8 injections of FSH would have been a better comparison, our goal was to handle the bison minimally. Eight female bison ranging in age from 5 to 11 years were used as embryo donors. For superovulation, females with a corpus luteum (CL) were given 25 mg of prostaglandin F2α (PGF, Lutalyse, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA) IM followed by 266 mg of FSH (Folltropin V in MAP-5 diluent, i.m., Bioniche Animal Health Inc.) 12 days later (or 9 days after presumed oestrus 3 days post-PGF). Forty-eight hours after the first FSH injection, 134 mg of FSH IM and 25 mg of PGF IM were given. Two days later females were put in a pen with a bison bull for natural breeding. Seven days after assumed oestrus, embryos were recovered nonsurgically. Although the situation is not clear in bison, there is evidence in cattle that superovulated cycles influence embryo collections in subsequent cycles. Consequently, females were randomly assigned to a superovulation or single-embryo recovery treatment for each cycle; however, consecutive superovulation protocols were never conducted without a short oestrous cycle in between. Superovulated females were given PGF at embryo recovery after superovulation, followed by PGF 12 to 14 days later, and bred off the assumed oestrus of the second PGF injection. Embryos were collected from females 4 times (2 superovulation and 2 single embryo cycles, except one bison that was superovulated once). Data were analysed using a one-tailed t-test. Superovulation resulted in greater mean numbers of palpable CL (3.7; P < 0.001), embryos collected (1.8; P < 0.05), and transferable quality embryos (0.8; P < 0.05) compared with the single-embryo recovery protocol (mean palpable CL, 1.0; embryos collected, 0.5; transferable embryos, 0.2). Notably, the bison breeding season is July to September and occasionally animals breed in October; this experiment was conducted in October and November. Thirteen transferable embryos were nonsurgically transferred to recipients; 6 pregnancies were established, but 5 were resorbing by 2 months of gestation; 1 healthy calf was carried to term. Two injections of FSH with a long-acting diluent can be used to increase the number of embryos recovered from bison compared with a single-embryo recovery scheme.
23
Park, Taemin Kim. "If we build it: Scholarly communications and networking technologies: Proceedings of the North American Serials Interest Group, Inc." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 18, no. 4 (December 1994): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(94)90058-2.
Full text
24
Singer, N., S. Mohan, J. Han, M. Edwardes, and M. Michalska. "AB0203 EFFECT OF DOSE ESCALATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS TOCILIZUMAB ON DISEASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1126.1–1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.795.
Full textAbstract:
Background:In patients with RA, subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ-SC) is administered every 2 weeks (q2w) or every week (qw), based on the patient’s weight and clinical response.Objectives:To compare the effects on disease activity at week 24, when the dosing schedule of TCZ-SC was escalated from q2w to qw, in patients who did not achieve LDA (DAS28-ESR > 3.2) at week 12 in COMP-ACT with patients who, despite not achieving LDA, continued TCZ-SC qw in SUMMACTA and q2w in BREVACTA.Methods:US patients in COMP-ACT who weighed < 100 kg at baseline and who received TCZ-SC 162 mg q2w + methotrexate escalated to qw if they did not achieve LDA at week 12. DAS28-ESR remission (< 2.6) and LDA (≤ 3.2), CDAI remission (≤ 2.8) and LDA (≤ 10) and SDAI remission (≤ 3.3) and LDA (≤ 11) at week 24 were compared between patients who switched from q2w to qw and North American patients in SUMMACTA who initiated TCZ qw + csDMARDs and continued a qw dose (baseline body weight < 100 kg and DAS28 > 3.2 at week 12). A secondary analysis compared COMP-ACT patients who escalated from q2w to qw with all SUMMACTA patients who continued a qw dose and all BREVACTA patients who initiated a TCZ-SC q2w dose + csDMARDs and continued a q2w dose (baseline body weight < 100 kg and DAS28 > 3.2 at week 12). DAS28 was standardized to DAS28-ESR, and comparisons were calculated using a mixed model with repeated-measures logistic regression, including the following covariates: CDAI, SDAI and/or DAS28 at the reference visit (week 12), as well as study baseline values of CDAI, SDAI and/or DAS28, baseline age, sex, TNFi use prior to the study (yes or no) and weight category.Results:A total of 328 US patients in COMP-ACT did not achieve LDA at week 12 and escalated from q2w to qw TCZ-SC. In SUMMACTA, 285 patients did not achieve LDA at week 12 and continued TCZ-SC qw, of whom 71 were from North America. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between patients in COMP-ACT and North American patients in SUMMACTA. A significantly higher proportion of patients in COMP-ACT achieved DAS28-ESR, CDAI and SDAI remission and LDA 12 weeks after TCZ dose escalation (week 24) than North American SUMMACTA patients (Table 1). Similar results were seen when the proportion of patients who achieved DAS28 remission and LDA was compared at week 24 between patients in COMP-ACT and patients from all geographic regions who did not escalate dosing in SUMMACTA and BREVACTA (N=196).Conclusion:US patients with RA who did not achieve LDA and escalated from q2w to qw TCZ-SC at week 12 in COMP-ACT had better disease activity outcomes at week 24 than North American patients who did not achieve LDA and continued qw dosing in SUMMACTA. These results provide some evidence that escalation from q2w to qw has more effect than expected without dose change for patients who do not achieve LDA by week 12.Table 1.Comparison at Week 24 of Clinical Response After Week 12 Dose Escalation or Continuation Between Patients Who Did Not Achieve LDA at Week 12AllCOMP-ACT(N = 328)North American SUMMACTA(n = 71)All SUMMACTA(N = 285)All BREVACTA(N = 196)DAS28-ESR remission, n (%)66 (20.1)7 (9.9)44 (15.4)36 (18.4)Adjusted OR (95% CI)Ref5.76 (1.92, 17.32)3.29 (2.11, 5.12)2.35 (1.44, 3.84)P valueRef0.0018< 0.00010.0006DAS28-ESR LDA, n (%)122 (37.2)17 (23.9)90 (31.6)60 (30.6)Adjusted OR (95% CI)Ref3.36 (1.61, 7.00)2.81 (1.97, 4.01)2.24 (1.50, 3.33)P valueRef0.0012< 0.0001< 0.0001CDAI remission, n (%)12 (3.7)2 (2.8)13 (4.6)11 (5.6)Adjusted OR (95% CI)Ref4.50 (1.32, 15.32)2.93 (1.37, 6.27)1.45 (0.69, 3.05)P valueRef0.01610.00560.3325CDAI LDA, n (%)80 (24.4)11 (15.5)81 (28.4)66 (33.7)Adjusted OR (95% CI)Ref4.19 (1.88, 9.35)2.35 (1.63, 3.39)1.32 (0.88, 1.97)P valueRef0.0005< 0.00010.1825SDAI remission, n (%)16 (4.9)2 (2.8)15 (5.3)11 (5.6)Adjusted OR (95% CI)Ref5.23 (1.44, 19.01)3.23 (1.54, 6.76)1.64 (0.81, 3.30)P valueRef0.01200.00190.1670SDAI LDA, n (%)89 (27.1)11 (15.5)91 (31.9)72 (36.7)Adjusted OR (95% CI)Ref4.68 (2.20, 9.99)2.20 (1.56, 3.11)1.47 (0.99, 2.17)P valueRef< 0.0001< 0.00010.0540Acknowledgements:This study was funded by Genentech, Inc. Support for third-party writing assistance, furnished by Health Interactions, Inc., was provided by Genentech, Inc.Disclosure of Interests:Nora Singer Grant/research support from: Genentech/Roche, Merck and Pfizer, Shalini Mohan Shareholder of: Genentech, Inc., Employee of: Genentech, Inc., Jian Han Shareholder of: Genentech, Inc., Employee of: Genentech, Inc., Michael Edwardes Employee of: Everest Clinical Research, Margaret Michalska Shareholder of: Genentech, Inc., Employee of: Genentech, Inc.
25
Sanchez, J. L., A. F. Trofa, D. N. Taylor, R. A. Kuschner, R. F. DeFraites, S. C. Craig, M. R. Rao, et al. "Safety and Immunogenicity of the Oral, Whole Cell/Recombinant B Subunit Cholera Vaccine in North American Volunteers." Journal of Infectious Diseases 167, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/167.6.1446.
Full text
26
Pollach, Irene. "The logo change at Gap North America." CASE Journal 12, no. 2 (May 5, 2016): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-11-2014-0065.
Full textAbstract:
Synopsis The case study outlines the strategic, marketing, and branding challenges faced by Gap, a brand within the Gap Inc. house of brands. The case contains a summary of Gap's history, which illustrates the driving forces behind Gap's previous growth, its status as an American iconic brand, and its struggle to stay relevant. This sets the stage for Gap's rebranding exercise, which included an attempt at changing their iconic logo. This case provides students with the opportunity to learn about brand life cycles and the implications of a logo change for brand equity, brand associations, and brand positioning. Research methodology This research is based on published sources. Relevant courses and levels The case can be used in courses in strategic brand management, retailing, fashion marketing, marketing communication, or corporate communication at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level. The case will be particularly useful for those who already understand branding and consumer behavior, but who may not have learned anything about rebranding or strategic brand management. It is not suitable for undergraduates who have not studied branding at all.
27
Qadri, Firdausi, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Christine Wennerås, Golam Mohi, M. John Albert, Mohammad Abdus Salam, R. Bradley Sack, et al. "Enterotoxin-Specific Immunoglobulin E Responses in Humans after Infection or Vaccination with Diarrhea-Causing Enteropathogens." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 6077–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.10.6077-6081.2000.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Cholera toxin (CT)-specific antibody responses of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) isotype in the sera of adult patients suffering from infection with either Vibrio cholerae O1, V. cholerae O139, or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) were analyzed and compared with those in the sera of volunteers immunized with a bivalent B subunit O1/O139 whole-cell cholera vaccine. A significant IgE response to CT was observed in 90% of the patients with V. cholerae O1 infection (18 of 20; P = <0.001) and 95% of the patients with V. cholerae O139 infection (19 of 20; P = <0.001). Similarly, the majority of the patients with ETEC diarrhea (83%; 13 of 15) showed a positive IgE response to CT. Eight of 10 North American volunteers (80%) orally challenged with V. cholerae O1 showed CT-specific IgE responses (P = 0.004). In contrast, Swedish volunteers immunized with the oral cholera vaccine showed no IgE responses to CT (P value not significant). During the study period, total IgE levels in the sera of the diarrheal patients, the North American volunteers, and the Swedish cholera vaccinees alike remained unchanged. However, the total IgE levels in the sera of patients and healthy Bangladeshi controls were on average 89-fold higher than those in the sera of the healthy Swedish volunteers and 34-fold higher than those in the sera of the North American volunteers.
28
Larson, Laurie J., Jamie Henningson, Patricia Sharp, Bliss Thiel, Muralidhar S. Deshpande, Tamara Davis, Huchappa Jayappa, Terri Wasmoen, Nallakannu Lakshmanan, and Ronald D. Schultz. "Efficacy of the Canine Influenza Virus H3N8 Vaccine To Decrease Severity of Clinical Disease after Cochallenge with Canine Influenza Virus and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 4 (February 23, 2011): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00500-10.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTSince first emerging in the North American canine population in 2004, canine influenza virus (CIV) subtype H3N8 has shown horizontal transmission among dogs, with a high level of adaptation to this species. The severity of disease is variable, and coinfection by other respiratory pathogens is an important factor in the degree of morbidity and mortality. The first influenza vaccine for dogs, an inactivated vaccine containing CIV subtype H3N8, was conditionally approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for licensure in May 2009 and fully licensed in June 2010. This study evaluates the efficacy of this vaccine to reduce the severity of illness in dogs cochallenged with virulent CIV andStreptococcus equisubsp.zooepidemicus.
29
Fadlallah, Gendeal M., Fuying Ma, Zherui Zhang, Mengchan Hao, Juefu Hu, Mingxin Li, Haizhou Liu, et al. "Vaccination with Consensus H7 Elicits Broadly Reactive and Protective Antibodies against Eurasian and North American Lineage H7 Viruses." Vaccines 8, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010143.
Full textAbstract:
H7 subtype avian influenza viruses have caused outbreaks in poultry, and even human infection, for decades in both Eurasia and North America. Although effective vaccines offer the best protection against avian influenza viruses, antigenically distinct Eurasian and North American lineage subtype H7 viruses require the development of cross-protective vaccine candidates. In this study, a methodology called computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) was used to develop four consensus H7 antigens (CH7-22, CH7-24, CH7-26, and CH7-28). In vitro experiments confirmed the binding of monoclonal antibodies to the head and stem domains of cell surface-expressed consensus HAs, indicating display of their antigenicity. Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding the four antigens was evaluated in a mouse model. Broadly reactive antibodies against H7 viruses from Eurasian and North American lineages were elicited and detected by binding, inhibition, and neutralizing analyses. Further infection with Eurasian H7N9 and North American H7N3 virus strains confirmed that CH7-22 and CH7-24 conferred the most effective protection against hetero-lethal challenge. Our data showed that the consensus H7 vaccines elicit a broadly reactive, protective response against Eurasian and North American lineage H7 viruses, which are suitable for development against other zoonotic influenza viruses.
30
Katz, David E., Trinka S. Coster, Marcia K. Wolf, Fernando C. Trespalacios, Dani Cohen, Guy Robins, Antoinette B. Hartman, Malabi M. Venkatesan, David N. Taylor, and Thomas L. Hale. "Two Studies Evaluating the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Live, Attenuated Shigella flexneri 2a Vaccine (SC602) and Excretion of Vaccine Organisms in North American Volunteers." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 2 (February 2004): 923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.2.923-930.2004.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT We report the first community-based evaluation of Shigella flexneri 2a strain SC602, a live, oral vaccine strain attenuated by deletion of the icsA (virG) plasmid virulence gene, given at 104 CFU. The primary objectives of this trial were to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine and to determine the duration of colonization. Four of 34 volunteers experienced transient fevers, and three reported diarrhea during the first 3 days of the study. Half of the volunteers mounted a positive serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) response to S. flexneri lipopolysaccharide. All but one of the volunteers excreted the vaccine in their stools for 1 to 33 days, and this excretion was often intermittent. Data from the community-based study were supplemented with an inpatient trial in which three volunteers received 103 and nine received 104 CFU. All volunteers who received 103 CFU excreted SC602 and had an IgA antibody-secreting cell response. Two of these had a serum IgA response. Six of the nine volunteers who received 104 CFU excreted SC602. One vaccinee had a transient fever and two met the definition of diarrhea. Six volunteers that received 104 CFU had an antibody-secreting cell response, and four had a serum IgA response. SC602 has now been tested at 104 CFU in a total of 58 volunteers. The cumulative results of these clinical trials, reported here and previously (Coster et al., Infect. Immun. 67:3437-3443, 1999), have demonstrated that SC602 is a substantially attenuated candidate vaccine that can evoke protection against the most severe symptoms of shigellosis in a stringent human challenge model of disease.
31
Nga, Nguyễn Thị, Hà Thị Thu, Nguyễn Thị Hoa, Vũ Thị Hiền, Trần Thị Thu Hiền, Trần Vân Khánh, Nguyễn Thanh Ba, et al. "Sequencing and analysis of complete genome of the attenuated Hanvet1.VN strain used for vaccine production against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16/1/13168.
Full textAbstract:
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) attenuated strain Hanvet1.VN has been developed by the Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Material J.S.C (HANVET) by passaging HY-2010 strain on MARC-145 cells for 80 passages and used for PRRS vaccine production. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the whole genome of the attenuated Hanvet1.VN strain. The total RNA was extracted from the Hanvet1.VN strain, RT-PCR was used for amplification of 15 separate segments of the whole genome. The amplified segments were cloned into the pCR2.1 vector and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. The sequences were analyzed with BioEdit and DNA Star Software. The results showed that, GP5 of the Hanvet1.VN attenuated strain had 100% identity in amino acid (aa) sequences with one of the pathogenic Vietnamese strain isolated in Quang Nam Province and had 98% identity with that of the Chinese 07NM strain. However, the identity of aa sequence of the Hanvet1.VN GP5 was much lower in the comparison with GP5 of VR2332, and it was only 87%. The MP and NP proteins were highly conserved compared with pathogenic strains circulating in Vietnam (07QN) and China (07NM) (99-100%, respectively). The other eight proteins of the Hanvet1.VN strain showed changes from 1.2% in NP1a to 3.9% in GP2 compared with the 07QN strain. However, the aa identity of all Hanvet1.VN proteins were very low when compared with proteins of PRRSV type II strain (North American strain, VR2332), ranged from 86.25% to 97.7%. Our results showed that the Hanvet1.VN attenuated vaccine strain had protective immunogenicity similar to that strain circulating in Vietnam closely related to a strain from China but different from the type II North American strain VR2332. Hence, for importing PRRSV vaccine, especially from American or Europe Countries, antigenic compatibility of the PRRSV vaccine and strains circulating in Vietnam should be concerned in PRRSV vaccine production.
32
TEICHGRAEBER, RICHARD F. "CAPITALISM AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY." Modern Intellectual History 1, no. 2 (August 2004): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244304000150.
Full textAbstract:
Jeffrey Sklansky, The Soul's Economy: Market Society and Selfhood in American Thought, 1820–1920 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002)Jackson Lears, Something for Nothing: Luck in America (New York: Viking, 2003)Jerry Z. Muller, The Mind and the Market: Capitalism in Modern European Thought (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002)Allan Megill, Karl Marx: The Burden of Reason (Why Marx Rejected Politics and the Market) (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002)
33
Bettauer, Ronald J. "Apotex Inc. v. United States: Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility (NAFTA Arb.)." International Legal Materials 52, no. 4 (August 2013): 905–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.52.4.0905.
Full textAbstract:
The North American Free Trade Agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States (NAFTA) entered into force on January 1, 1994. Chapter Eleven of NAFTA contains provisions governing investment protection and investor-state arbitration. In general, NAFTA provides investors of one of the parties protections for their investments in another NAFTA party, guaranteeing: treatment at least as good as that of host or third country investors (NAFTA articles 1102-1104); treatment in accordance with the minimum standards of customary international law (NAFTA article 1105); and compensation for expropriation (NAFTA article 1110). NAFTA article 1139 defines “investment” broadly but excludes contracts for the sale of goods or services. After meeting specified threshold requirements, such an investor has the right to international arbitration against the host state to vindicate these protections.
34
Kosinova, E., and I. Psikal. "Restriction fragment length polymorphism of ORF6 and ORF7 genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine strains registered in the CzechRepublic." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 8 (March 27, 2012): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5565-vetmed.
Full textAbstract:
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of open reading frames 6 and 7 was applied to comparative genetic analysis of live attenuated vaccine strains (Amervac-PRRS/A3, Porcilis PRRS, Ingelvac PRRS) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), registered in the Czech Republic, six field viruses (L-588, L-1606, L-2053, L-3305, L-6558, L-6791), and three PRRSV local field isolates (CAMP V-502, CAMP V-503, VOS 2878) found in pig herds in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. The set of restriction enzymes Hae II, Alu I and BsaJ I allowed the differentiation of local field isolates, field viruses of PRRS, and vaccine strains of the European genotype from North American genotype, but could also distinguish between viruses of the same genotype. Five different RFLP patterns were obtained from twelve examined PRRS viruses by combination of the above restriction enzymes. RFLP code 1-1-1 was the most frequent digestion pattern within all PRRS field viruses (L-588, L-1606, L-2053, L-3305, L-6558, L-6791), CAMP V-502 isolate and vaccine strain Porcilis PRRS, which is suggestive of higher antigenic identity among the compared viruses. In the North American types (Ingelvac PRRS vaccine strain and VOS 2878 isolate), homogeneity in restriction patterns (code 2-x-4) was recorded. These studies indicate that PCR-based RFLP analysis of ORF6 and ORF7 of genes might be a suitable tool in epidemiological studies of PRRSV, similarly to the studies based on genetic analysis of ORF5 gene.
35
Fang, Ying, Raymond R. R. Rowland, Michael Roof, Joan K. Lunney, Jane Christopher-Hennings, and Eric A. Nelson. "A Full-Length cDNA Infectious Clone of North American Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein in the Nsp2 Region." Journal of Virology 80, no. 23 (September 13, 2006): 11447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01032-06.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The recent emergence of a unique group of North American type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in the United States presents new disease control problems for a swine industry that has already been impacted seriously by North American type 2 PRRSV. In this study, a full-length cDNA infectious clone was generated from a low-virulence North American type 1 PRRSV isolate, SD01-08. In vitro studies demonstrated that the cloned virus maintained growth properties similar to those of the parental virus. Virological, pathological, and immunological observations from animals challenged with cloned viruses were similar to those from animals challenged with the parental virus and a modified live virus vaccine. To further explore the potential use as a viral backbone for expressing foreign genes, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was inserted into a unique deletion site located at amino acid positions 348 and 349 of the predicted Nsp2 region in the virus, and expression of the Nsp2-GFP fusion protein was visualized by fluorescent microscopy. The availability of this North American type 1 infectious clone provides an important research tool for further study of the basic viral biology and pathogenic mechanisms of this group of type 1 PRRSV in the United States.
36
Rines, Lawrence S., Thomas T. Lewis, Robert H. Welborn, K. Gird Romer, James C. Williams, William Vance Trollinger, Richard Selcer, et al. "Book Reviews." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 11, no. 1 (May 4, 1986): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.11.1.27-43.
Full textAbstract:
A. K. Dickinson, P. J. Lee, and P. J. Rogers. Learning History. London: Heinemann Educational Books, Ltd., 1984. Pp. x, 230. Paper, $14.00; Donald W. Whisenhunt. A Student's Introduction to History. Boston: American Press, 1984. Pp. 31. Paper, $2.95. Review by Robert A. Calvert of Texas A&M University. Ronald J. Grele. Envelopes of Sound: The Art of Oral History. Chicago: Precendent Publishing, Inc. 1985. Second Edition. Pp. xii, 283. Cloth, $20.95. Review by Marsha Frey of Kansas State University. Reginald Horsman. The Diplomacy of the New Republic, 1776-1815. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson., 1985. Pp. vii, 153. Paper, $7.95. Review by William Preston Vaughn of North Texas State University. Lynn Y. Weiner. From Working Girl to Working Mother: The Female Labor Force in the United States, 1820-1980. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1985. Pp. xii, 187. Cloth, $17.95. Review by E. Dale Odom of North Texas State University. Mary Custis Lee de Butts, ed. Growing Up in the 1850s: The Journal of Agnes Lee. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. Pp. xx, 151. Cloth, $11.95. Review by Clarence L. Mohr of Tulane University. Raymond A. Mohl. The New City: Urban America in the Inudstrial Age, 1860-1920. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1985. Pp. 242. Paper, $8.95; Melvyn Dubofsky. Industrialism and the American Worker, 1865-1920 (Second Edition). Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1985. Pp. 167. Paper, $8.95. Review by Richard L. Means of Mountain View College. David D. Lee. Sergeant York: An American Hero. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1985. Pp. 162. Cloth, $18.00. Review by Richard Selcer of Mountain View College. Studs Terkel. "The Good War": An Oral History of World War Two. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984. Pp. xv, 589. Cloth, $19.95. Review by William Vance Trollinger of The School of the Ozarks. David W. Reinhard. The Republican Right Since 1945. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Pp. ix, 294. Cloth, $25.00. Review by James C. Williams of Gavilan College. Christina Larner. Witchcraft and Religion: The Politics of Popular Belief. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1984. Pp. xi, 172. Cloth, $24.95. Review by K. Gird Romer of Kennesaw College. F. R. H. DuBoulay. Germany in the Later Middle Ages. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1984. Pp. xii, 260. Cloth, $30.00; Joseph Dahmus. Seven Decisive Battles of the Middle Ages. Chicago: Nelson Hall, 1984. Pp. viii, 244. Cloth, $23.95. Review by Robert H. Welborn of Clayton College. Gerald Fleming. Hitler and the Final Solution. With an Introduction by Saul Friedlaender. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984 (German, 1982). Pp. xxxvi, 219. Cloth, $15.95; Sarah Gordon. Hitler, Germans, and the "Jewish Question." Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984. Pp. xiv, 412. Cloth, $40.00; Limited Paper Edition, $14.50. Review by Thomas T. Lewis of Mount Senario College. Alan Cassels. Fascist Italy. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1985. Second Edition. Pp. x, 146. Paper, $8.95. Review by Lawrence S. Rines of Quincy Junior College; Additional response by Lawrence S. Rines of Quincy Junior College.
37
Chae, Chanhee. "Commercial PRRS Modified-Live Virus Vaccines." Vaccines 9, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020185.
Full textAbstract:
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) presents one of the challenging viral pathogens in the global pork industry. PRRS is characterized by two distinct clinical presentations; reproductive failure in breeding animals (gilts, sows, and boars), and respiratory disease in growing pigs. PRRSV is further divided into two species: PRRSV-1 (formerly known as the European genotype 1) and PRRSV-2 (formerly known as the North American genotype 2). A PRRSV-2 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine was first introduced in North America in 1994, and, six years later, a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine was also introduced in Europe. Since then, MLV vaccination is the principal strategy used to control PRRSV infection. Despite the fact that MLV vaccines have shown some efficacy, they were problematic as the efficacy of vaccine was often unpredictable and depended highly on the field virus. This paper focused on the efficacy of commercially available MLV vaccines at a global level based on respiratory disease in growing pigs, and maternal and paternal reproductive failure in breeding animals.
38
Braroe, Niels. "Raising Money for Non-Profits: A Learning Experience in Boston." Practicing Anthropology 24, no. 4 (September 1, 2002): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.24.4.h2519877x3436n17.
Full textAbstract:
I am new to applied anthropology. Nearly all of my past research has been on inter-ethnic relations, carried out on Indian reserves in western Canada. I have now served several years as a volunteer fund-raiser at the North American Indian Center of Boston, Inc. (NAICOB). In this article I will relate what I have learned, and am learning, about the occupation. I will speculate on how my training and experience as research anthropologist have contributed to work at the Center.
39
Lillie, K., R. Igelbrink, M. Hoferer, K. Fiebig, H. Nathues, I. Greiser-Wilke, and E. Grosse Beilage. "Effect of Natural Exposure to Vaccine-derived North American Genotype PRRS Virus on the Serological Response in Naïve Pigs." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 55, no. 2 (March 2008): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2007.01001.x.
Full text
40
grosse Beilage, Elisabeth, Heiko Nathues, Diana Meemken, Timm C. Harder, Marcus G. Doherr, Inga Grotha, and Irene Greiser-Wilke. "Frequency of PRRS live vaccine virus (European and North American genotype) in vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs submitted for respiratory tract diagnostics in North-Western Germany." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 92, no. 1-2 (November 2009): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.07.010.
Full text
41
Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri. "What is the importance of vaccine hesitancy in the drop of vaccination coverage in Brazil?" Revista de Saúde Pública 52 (November 22, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052001199.
Full textAbstract:
The successful Programa Nacional de Imunizações do Brasil (Brazilian National Immunization Program) has been experiencing a major challenge with regard to vaccination coverage for children, which has been dropping. Several aspects are related, but certainly vaccine hesitancy has been strengthening itself as one of the main concerns of Brazilian public administrators and researchers. Vaccine hesitancy is the delay in acceptance or refusal despite having the recommended vaccines available in health services, being a phenomenon that varies over time, over location and over types of vaccines. Hesitant individuals are between the two poles of total acceptance and refusal of vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy is nothing new in European and North-American countries, and even in Brazil, it has been studied even if under another name. The drop of vaccination coverage observed from 2016 on reiterates the relevance of the theme, which must be better understood through scientific research.
42
Strohmeier, Shirin, Fatima Amanat, and Florian Krammer. "Cross-Reactive Antibodies Binding to the Influenza Virus Subtype H11 Hemagglutinin." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040199.
Full textAbstract:
H11 subtype influenza viruses were isolated from a wide range of bird species and one strain also was isolated from swine. In an effort to generate reagents for a chimeric H11/1 hemagglutinin-based universal influenza virus vaccine candidate, we produced 28 monoclonal antibodies that recognize the H11 HA subtype. Here we characterized these antibodies in terms of binding breadth and functionality. We found that the antibodies bind broadly to North American and Eurasian lineage isolates and also show broad neutralizing activity, suggesting that immunogenic epitopes on the H11 head domain are not under strong pressure from immunity in the natural reservoir. Furthermore, we found that the antibodies were highly hemagglutination inhibition active against the homologous chimeric H11/1N1 virus, but approximately 50% lost this activity when tested against a virus expressing the same the full length H11 HA of which the head domain is present on cH11/1 HA. Furthermore, while strong neutralizing activity was found to a genetically distant North American lineage H11 isolate, little hemagglutination inhibition activity was detected. This suggests that small structural changes between wild type H11 and cH11/1 as well as between Eurasian and North American lineage H11 HAs can strongly influence the functionality of the isolated monoclonal antibodies.
43
Han, Kiwon, Hwi Won Seo, Yeonsu Oh, Ikjae Kang, Changhoon Park, and Chanhee Chae. "Effects of North American Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)-Based Modified Live Vaccines on Preimmunized Sows Artificially Inseminated with European PRRSV-Spiked Semen." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19, no. 3 (January 11, 2012): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05639-11.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to determine if the European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be transmitted via spiked semen to preimmunized sows and induce reproductive failure. Sows were immunized with the North American PRRSV-based modified live vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV; Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, St. Joseph, MO) and were artificially inseminated. The sows were randomly divided into three groups. The vaccinated (group 2) and nonvaccinated (group 3) sows developed a PRRSV viremia at 7 to 28 days postinsemination with the European PRRSV-spiked semen. The number of genomic copies of the European PRRSV in serum samples was not significantly different between vaccinated and nonvaccinated sows. All negative-control sows in group 1 farrowed at the expected date. The sows in groups 2 and 3 farrowed between 103 and 110 days after the first insemination. European PRRSV RNA was detected in the lungs of 8 out of 11 live-born piglets and 46 out of 54 stillborn fetuses. In addition, PRRSV RNA was detected usingin situhybridization in other tissues from vaccinated sows that had been inseminated with European PRRSV-spiked semen (group 2). The present study has demonstrated that vaccinating sows with the North American PRRSV-based modified live vaccine does not prevent reproductive failure after insemination with European PRRSV-spiked semen.
44
Ogunremi, Oladele, John Pasick, Gary P. Kobinger, Drew Hannaman, Yohannes Berhane, Alfonso Clavijo, and Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk. "A Single Electroporation Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Containing the Hemagglutinin Gene of Asian H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Generated a Protective Antibody Response in Chickens against a North American Virus Strain." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 4 (January 30, 2013): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00577-12.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTProtection against the avian influenza (AI) H5N1 virus is suspected to be mainly conferred by the presence of antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the virus. A single electroporation delivery of 100 or 250 μg of a DNA vaccine construct, pCAG-HA, carrying the HA gene of strain A/Hanoi/30408/2005 (H5N1), in chickens led to the development of anti-HA antibody response in 16 of 17 immunized birds, as measured by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and an indirect ELISA. Birds vaccinated by electroporation (n= 11) were protected from experimental AI challenge with strain A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1/1983 (H5N2) as judged by low viral load, absence of clinical symptoms, and absence of mortality (n= 11). In contrast, only two out of 10 birds vaccinated with the same vaccine dose (100 or 250 μg) but without electroporation developed antibodies. These birds showed high viral loads and significant morbidity and mortality after the challenge. Seroconversion was reduced in birds electroporated with a low vaccine dose (10 μg), but the antibody-positive birds were protected against virus challenge. Nonelectroporation delivery of a low-dose vaccine did not result in seroconversion, and the birds were as susceptible as those in the control groups that received the control pCAG vector. Electroporation delivery of the DNA vaccine led to enhanced antibody responses and to protection against the AI virus challenge. The HI test, cELISA, or indirect ELISA for anti-H5 antibodies might serve as a good predictor of the potency and efficacy of a DNA immunization strategy against AI in chickens.
45
Losonsky, G. A., Y. Lim, P. Motamedi, L. E. Comstock, J. A. Johnson, J. G. Morris, C. O. Tacket, J. B. Kaper, and M. M. Levine. "Vibriocidal antibody responses in North American volunteers exposed to wild-type or vaccine Vibrio cholerae O139: specificity and relevance to immunity." Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 4, no. 3 (1997): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.4.3.264-269.1997.
Full text
46
Nelson, Martha I., Amy L. Vincent, Pravina Kitikoon, Edward C. Holmes, and Marie R. Gramer. "Evolution of Novel Reassortant A/H3N2 Influenza Viruses in North American Swine and Humans, 2009–2011." Journal of Virology 86, no. 16 (June 13, 2012): 8872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00259-12.
Full textAbstract:
Novel H3N2 influenza viruses (H3N2v) containing seven genome segments from swine lineage triple-reassortant H3N2 viruses and a 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) matrix protein segment (pM) were isolated from 12 humans in the United States between August and December 2011. To understand the evolution of these novel H3N2 viruses in swine and humans, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of 674 M sequences and 388 HA and NA sequences from influenza viruses isolated from North American swine during 2009–2011, as well as HA, NA, and M sequences from eight H3N2v viruses isolated from humans. We identified 34 swine influenza viruses (termed rH3N2p) with the same combination of H3, N2, and pM segments as the H3N2v viruses isolated from humans. Notably, these rH3N2p viruses were generated in swine via reassortment events between H3N2 viruses and the pM segment approximately 4 to 10 times since 2009. The pM segment has also reassorted with multiple distinct lineages of H1 virus, especially H1δ viruses. Importantly, the N2 segment of all H3N2v viruses isolated from humans is derived from a genetically distinct N2 lineage that has circulated in swine since being acquired by reassortment with seasonal human H3N2 viruses in 2001–2002, rather than from the N2 that is associated with the 1998 H3N2 swine lineage. The identification of this N2 variant may have implications for influenza vaccine design and the potential pandemic threat of H3N2v to human age groups with differing levels of prior exposure and immunity.
47
Miller, Peter, and Ted O'Leary. "The Factory as Laboratory." Science in Context 7, no. 3 (1994): 469–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001782.
Full textAbstract:
The ArgumentThis paper argues that science and technology studies need to adopt a much wider view of what counts as a laboratory. The factory, it is suggested, is as much a site of invention and intervention as the laboratory. As a site for the government of economic life, the factory is a laboratorypar excellence. One particular factory is studied — the Decatur, Illinois, plant of Caterpillar Inc. — as it is rethought and remade in accordance with ideals of cellular manufacturing, Just-In-Time systems, customer-driven manufacturing, and competitor benchmarking. But it is not just the changes at the factory itself that are studied. The paper analyzes the linkages and relays between the redesign of a particular manufacturing plant and the plethora of calls for a revitalization of North American manufacturing industry and a new form of economic citizenship. The paper examines the remaking of a factory as anassemblage, a historically specific and temporarily stabilized complex of relations among ways of problematizing the factory in a multiplicity of locales. There are four steps to the changes analyzed here: a problematizing of the factory at the level of North American manufacturing as a whole in the 1980s; a problematizing of the notion of competitiveness at Caterpillar Inc, through the calculative practices of competitor benchmarking and related expertises; a diagraming of the ideal factory in systems terms; and the embedding of notions of the product, of competitiveness, and of a new economic citizenship in the “Assembly Highway” at the Decatur plant. Rethinking the factory took place within this assemblage of relations, rether than at any one site
48
Krauss, Scott, David E. Stallknecht, Richard D. Slemons, Andrew S. Bowman, Rebecca L. Poulson, Jacqueline M. Nolting, James P. Knowles, and Robert G. Webster. "The enigma of the apparent disappearance of Eurasian highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A viruses in North American waterfowl." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 32 (July 25, 2016): 9033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608853113.
Full textAbstract:
One of the major unresolved questions in influenza A virus (IAV) ecology is exemplified by the apparent disappearance of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8 (H5Nx) viruses containing the Eurasian hemagglutinin 2.3.4.4 clade from wild bird populations in North America. The introduction of Eurasian lineage HP H5 clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 IAV and subsequent reassortment with low-pathogenic H?N2 and H?N1 North American wild bird-origin IAVs in late 2014 resulted in widespread HP H5Nx IAV infections and outbreaks in poultry and wild birds across two-thirds of North America starting in November 2014 and continuing through June 2015. Although the stamping out strategies adopted by the poultry industry and animal health authorities in Canada and the United States—which included culling, quarantining, increased biosecurity, and abstention from vaccine use—were successful in eradicating the HP H5Nx viruses from poultry, these activities do not explain the apparent disappearance of these viruses from migratory waterfowl. Here we examine current and historical aquatic bird IAV surveillance and outbreaks of HP H5Nx in poultry in the United States and Canada, providing additional evidence of unresolved mechanisms that restrict the emergence and perpetuation of HP avian influenza viruses in these natural reservoirs.
49
Musa, Sarah, Ismail Dergaa, Mariam Ali Abdulmalik, Achraf Ammar, Karim Chamari, and Helmi Ben Saad. "BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Parents of 4023 Young Adolescents (12–15 Years) in Qatar." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090981.
Full textAbstract:
Parental vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains a barrier to full population inoculation, hence herd immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We aimed to determine parental VH rate, subgroups and influencing factors related to the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine among their young adolescents (12–15 years old) in Qatar. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from 17 May to 3 June using vaccination booking records of 4023 young adolescents. Sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex, and nationality), health status and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination booking status were analysed. Among respondents, the VH rate was 17.9%. Parents of 12-years adolescents were more hesitant (21.6%) as compared to the 13- (16.0%) and 15- (15.2%) years groups (p < 0.05). Parents of adolescents belonging to Gulf Countries (97% Qatari) were more hesitant (35.2%) as compared to the four remaining groups of nationalities (Asiatic; excluding Gulf Countries), North-African, African (excluding North-African), and European/American/Oceanian, 13.3–20.4%, (p < 0.001). Parental VH rates were higher when adolescents suffered from chronic disease as compared to those without the chronic disease (21.3% vs. 17.4%, p < 0.05) or who previously were COVID-19 infected as compared to non-previously COVID-19 infected (24.1 vs. 17.5%, p < 0.01). Results of logistic regression revealed that age groups, nationalities, and recovery from COVID-19 were the main predictors of VH level. Precisely, parents of 12 years old adolescents were 38% more likely to be hesitant as compared to the parents of the 15 years old adolescents (OR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.12–1.70). Compared with the Gulf countries, parents of adolescents belonging to the other nationality categories; namely North-African, African, Asiatic and European/American/Oceanian were 48% (95%CI: 0.36–0.65), 41% (95% CI: 0.27–0.62), 38% (95%CI: 0.29–0.50) and 34% (95% CI 0.21–0.56) less likely to be hesitant, respectively. Furthermore, parents of young adolescents being previously COVID-19 infected were 37% more likely to be hesitant as compared to those with no previous COVID-19 infection (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.02–1.84). Effective communication strategies specifically targeting Gulf Country populations, parents of younger children aged 12 years and of those with chronic disease or have been previously infected with COVID-19 are crucial to build community trust and vaccine confidence, thereby increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
50
Taulman, James F., and Kimberly G. Smith. "Habitat mapping for bird conservation in North America." Bird Conservation International 12, no. 4 (December 2002): 281–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270902002186.
Full textAbstract:
In view of the continuing appropriation and conversion of natural land areas in North America for human uses, there is growing concern about the impacts of changing land use on terrestrial bird species. In order to promote conservation of critical remaining habitats for birds, Partners in Flight (PIF) initiated a project in 1997 in which bird conservation plans were prepared by members in each of 60 ecologically defined physiographical areas throughout the United States. Accurate, nationwide information on the location and extent of vegetative cover types, as well as lands under state and federal management, are critically important elements in the creation of effective bird conservation plans. The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) awarded a challenge grant to The Nature Conservancy's (TNC) Wings of the Americas Program to assist Partners in Flight in acquiring land cover data to serve as the foundation of the planning effort. Canon U.S.A., Inc. and the American Bird Conservancy also contributed support toward this goal. The Center for Advanced Spatial Technology at the University of Arkansas was contracted to produce the needed land cover maps and associated tabular products. Digital land cover databases created by the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, the University of California-Santa Barbara Department of Geography, and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics were used in this project. The final spatial products were produced during 1998–1999 and are described in this paper. This effort represents the first nationwide habitat mapping project in the United States aimed at supporting and enhancing conservation of terrestrial bird species.