Journal articles: 'North Anatolian Fault'

1

Sugai, Toshihiko, Yasuo Awata, Ryo Anma, and Yukiyasu Saka. "North Anatolian Fault in Turkey." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 105, no. 3 (1999): V—VI. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.105.v.

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Dresen, G., M. Bohnhoff, M. Aktar, and H. Eyidogan. "Drilling the North Anatolian Fault." Scientific Drilling 6 (July 1, 2008): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-6-58-2008.

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Dresen, G., M. Aktar, M. Bohnhoff, and H. Eyidogan. "Drilling the North Anatolian Fault." Scientific Drilling SpecialIssue (November 1, 2007): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-specialissue-42-2007.

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SELİM, H. HALUK, and OKAN TÜYSÜZ. "The Bursa–Gönen Depression, NW Turkey: a complex basin developed on the North Anatolian Fault." Geological Magazine 150, no. 5 (March 6, 2013): 801–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756812000945.

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AbstractIn this study, we show that the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault has been active since Late Pliocene time and that evidence of activity is supported by geological and seismological data. The southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault consists of four segments from west to east: Yenice–Gönen, Manyas–Mustafakemalpaşa, Uluabat and Bursa. These faults delimit the Bursa–Gönen Depression, with the Bandırma–Mudanya Uplift to the north and Uludağ–Sularya Uplift to the south. The Bursa–Gönen Depression includes Upper Pliocene to Recent sediments that thicken to the south, suggesting a deposition pattern under active fault control. Study of fault kinematics suggests that the Bursa–Gönen Depression started as a small pull-apart basin during Late Pliocene time, and then evolved to a large depression. The faults delimiting this depression are still active and capable of producing future earthquakes.

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Barbot, S., and J. R. Weiss. "Connecting subduction, extension and shear localization across the Aegean Sea and Anatolia." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 422–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab078.

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SUMMARY The Eastern Mediterranean is the most seismically active region in Europe due to the complex interactions of the Arabian, African, and Eurasian tectonic plates. Deformation is achieved by faulting in the brittle crust, distributed flow in the viscoelastic lower-crust and mantle, and Hellenic subduction, but the long-term partitioning of these mechanisms is still unknown. We exploit an extensive suite of geodetic observations to build a kinematic model connecting strike-slip deformation, extension, subduction, and shear localization across Anatolia and the Aegean Sea by mapping the distribution of slip and strain accumulation on major active geological structures. We find that tectonic escape is facilitated by a plate-boundary-like, trans-lithospheric shear zone extending from the Gulf of Evia to the Turkish-Iranian Plateau that underlies the surface trace of the North Anatolian Fault. Additional deformation in Anatolia is taken up by a series of smaller-scale conjugate shear zones that reach the upper mantle, the largest of which is located beneath the East Anatolian Fault. Rapid north–south extension in the western part of the system, driven primarily by Hellenic Trench retreat, is accommodated by rotation and broadening of the North Anatolian mantle shear zone from the Sea of Marmara across the north Aegean Sea, and by a system of distributed transform faults and rifts including the rapidly extending Gulf of Corinth in central Greece and the active grabens of western Turkey. Africa–Eurasia convergence along the Hellenic Arc occurs at a median rate of 49.8 mm yr–1 in a largely trench-normal direction except near eastern Crete where variably oriented slip on the megathrust coincides with mixed-mode and strike-slip deformation in the overlying accretionary wedge near the Ptolemy–Pliny–Strabo trenches. Our kinematic model illustrates the competing roles the North Anatolian mantle shear zone, Hellenic Trench, overlying mantle wedge, and active crustal faults play in accommodating tectonic indentation, slab rollback and associated Aegean extension. Viscoelastic flow in the lower crust and upper mantle dominate the surface velocity field across much of Anatolia and a clear transition to megathrust-related slab pull occurs in western Turkey, the Aegean Sea and Greece. Crustal scale faults and the Hellenic wedge contribute only a minor amount to the large-scale, regional pattern of Eastern Mediterranean interseismic surface deformation.

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Seyitoglu, Gurol, Bahadir Aktug, Korhan Esat, and Bulent Kaypak. "Neotectonics of Turkey (Türkiye) and surrounding regions: a new perspective with block modelling." Geologica Acta 20 (April 28, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2022.20.4.

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This paper aims to present a new neotectonic perspective concordant with the seismic activities in Turkey and surrounding regions. The neotectonic structures have been re-evaluated mainly by using focal mechanism solutions and high-resolution satellite (Google Earth) images. The Southeast Anatolian Wedge explains thrust/blind thrust and asymmetrical folding relationship in SE Turkey, Syria, and Northern Iraq. The neotectonic structures of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau are enlightened by the rhomboidal cell model which creates a base to determine multiple intersection points between the region-wide left- and right-lateral shear zones. The releasing stepover between the North Anatolian Fault Zone and Southeast Anatolian-Zagros Fault Zone plus their connections with the Northeast Anatolian Fault Zone and the East Anatolian Fault Zone are described in a more meaningful way with the Anatolian Diagonal concept. It also clarifies the role of left-lateral shear zone in the west-southwest movement of Anatolian plate and its relationship with the Aegean and Cyprus arcs. A neotectonic region under the influence of NW-SE contraction is determined between the North Anatolian, Eskişehir, and Kırıkkale-Erbaa fault zones in which the Elmadağ-Eldivan and Abdüsselam pinched crustal wedges and the Beypazarı Blind Thrust Zone are developed. A new route for the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone is determined between Bolu and Değirmenlik (Milos) Island in the Aegean Sea via Mudurnu, Bursa, Balıkesir, and İzmir. All main neotectonic structures mentioned in this paper are evaluated by the elastic dislocation modelling and new neotectonic provinces are suggested.

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Aydar, E., A. Gourgaud, C. Deniel, N. Lyberis, and N. Gundogdu. "Le volcanisme quaternaire d'Anatolie centrale (Turquie): association de magmatismes calco-alcalin et alcalin en domaine de convergence." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1058–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-087.

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Collision volcanism in Central Anatolia (Cappadocia) began at least in the late Miocene. Because of the North–South Arabian-Eurasian convergence since this period, the Anatolian block is displaced towards the West along the North and East Anatolian strike-slip faults. Kinematic reconstructions show that the East Anatolian Fault is both sinistral and convergent. As a consequence, the Anatolian block is currently being deformed. Quaternary volcanism in Central Anatolia is represented by several hundreds of monogenetic scoria cones, lava flows, maars, and domes as well as two strato-volcanoes, Hasan Dag and Erciyes Dag. The monogenetic volcanism is bimodal (basalts and rhyolites), whereas the stratovolcanoes exhibit a complete calc-alkaline suite, from basalts to rhyolites. Most of the igneous products are calc-alkaline. Basalts erupted mainly from the monogenetic cones, lava flows, and maars. Andesites are encountered in the strato-volcanoes as lava flows, domes, and nuees ardentes deposits. Dacites and rhyolites occur as ignimbrites and dispersed maars and domes. Volcanic events were recorded up to historical times. Some basalts from monogenetic edifices, contemporaneous with the calc-alkaline suite, exhibit mineralogical and geochemical features that are typical of intraplate alkaline suites, such as normative nepheline, alkali feldspars, and Ti and Cr-rich Cpx. Euhedral microlites of aluminous garnet, although rare, have been observed in basalts, rhyodacites, and rhyolites. This association of contemporaneous calc-alkaline and alkaline suites may be related to collision tectonics.

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Yavaşoğlu, Hasan Hakan, Mehmet Nurullah Alkan, Serdar Bilgi, and Öykü Alkan. "Monitoring aseismic creep trends in the İsmetpaşa and Destek segments throughout the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) with a large-scale GPS network." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 9, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-25-2020.

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Abstract. The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) is an intersection area between the Anatolian and Eurasian plates. The Arabian Plate, which squeezes the Anatolian Plate from the south between the Eurasian Plate and itself, is also responsible for this formation. This tectonic motion causes the Anatolian Plate to move westwards with almost a 20 mm yr−1 velocity, which has caused destructive earthquakes in history. Block boundaries that form the faults are generally locked to the bottom of the seismogenic layer because of the friction between blocks and are responsible for these discharges. However, there are also some unique events observed around the world, which may cause partially or fully free-slipping faults. This phenomenon is called “aseismic creep” and may occur through the entire seismogenic zone or at least to some depths. Additionally, it is a rare event in the world located in two reported segments along the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which are İsmetpaşa and Destek. In this study, we established GPS networks covering those segments and made three campaigns between 2014 and 2016. Considering the long-term geodetic movements of the blocks (Anatolian and Eurasian plates), surface velocities and fault parameters are calculated. The results of the model indicate that aseismic creep still continues with rates of 13.2±3.3 mm yr−1 at İsmetpaşa and 9.6±3.1 mm yr−1 at Destek. Additionally, aseismic creep behavior is limited to some depths and decays linearly to the bottom of the seismogenic layer at both segments. This study suggests that this aseismic creep behavior will not prevent medium- to large-scale earthquakes in the long term.

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Karabacak, Volkan, Taylan Sançar, Gökhan Yildirim, and I. Tonguç Uysal. "When did the North Anatolian fault reach southern Marmara, Turkey?" Geology 50, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49726.1.

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Abstract We dated syntectonic calcites on fault planes from the southern branch of the western North Anatolian fault (NAF) in northern Turkey using U-Th geochronology. We selected strike-slip faults that are kinematically related to the current regional strain field. The isotopic ages cluster around different periods during the past ~700 k.y. The most prominent cluster peak of 510.5 ± 9.5 ka (1σ) is consistent with the maximum cumulative strike-slip offset data and tectonic plate motions measured by GPS data, highlighting the fact that the present configuration of the NAF in the southern Marmara region started at ca. 500 ka or earlier. These new isotopic ages, combined with previous considerations of regional tectonics, reveal that faulting along the western NAF initiated primarily in the southern Marmara region at least a few hundred thousand years earlier than the timing suggested for the northern branch of the western NAF. This study presents an innovative approach to constrain the timing of initiation of currently active fault segments along the NAF in southern Marmara. U-Th geochronology of fault-hosted calcite thus has a wide application in determining absolute ages of fault episodes in wider shear zones along plate boundaries.

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Martin de Blas, J., G. Iaffaldano, and E. Calais. "Have the 1999 Izmit–Düzce earthquakes influenced the motion and seismicity of the Anatolian microplate?" Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1754–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac020.

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SUMMARY In the current plate tectonics paradigm, relative plate motions are assumed to remain unperturbed by temporal stress changes occurring during the seismic cycle, whereby stress slowly built up along tectonic plate boundaries is suddenly released by rapid fault slip during earthquakes. However, direct observations that could challenge such a tenet have not been identified so far. Here we show that the rigid motion of the whole Anatolian microplate, measured using space geodetic techniques, was altered by the stress released during the 1999 Izmit–Düzce earthquakes, which ruptured along the North Anatolian Fault. This kinematic change requires a torque change that is in agreement with the torque change imparted upon the Anatolian microplate by the Izmit–Düzce coseismic stress release. This inference holds across realistic ranges of data noise and controlling parameters, and is not hindered by active deformation in western Anatolia. These results suggest the existence of a whole-plate kinematic signal associated with the stress released by large earthquakes.

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Ogden, C. S., and I. D. Bastow. "The crustal structure of the Anatolian Plate from receiver functions and implications for the uplift of the central and eastern Anatolian plateaus." Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 1041–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab513.

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SUMMARY Understanding the crustal structure of the Anatolian Plate has important implications for its formation and evolution, including the extent to which its high elevation is maintained isostatically. However, the numerous teleseismic receiver function studies from which Anatolian Moho depths have been obtained return results that differ by ≤21 km at some seismograph stations. To address this issue, we determine Moho depth and bulk crustal VP/VS ratio (κ) at 582 broad-band seismograph stations, including ∼100 for which H–κ results have not been reported previously. We use a modified H–κ stacking method in which a final solution is selected from a suite of up to 1000 repeat H–κ measurements, each calculated using randomly selected receiver functions and H–κ input parameters. Ten quality control criteria that variously assess the final numerical result, the receiver function data set, and the extent to which the results are clustered tightly, are used to determine station quality. By refining Moho depth constraints, including identifying 182 stations, analysed previously, where H–κ stacking yields unreliable results (particularly in Eastern Anatolia and the rapidly uplifting Taurides), our new crustal model (ANATOLIA-HK21) provides fresh insight into Anatolian crustal structure and topography. Changes in Moho depth within the Anatolian Plate occur on a shorter length-scale than has sometimes previously been assumed. For example, crustal thickness decreases abruptly from >40 km in the northern Kirsehir block to <32 km beneath the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province and Tuz Golu basin. Moho depth increases from 30–35 km on the Arabian Plate to 35–40 km across the East Anatolian Fault into Anatolia, in support of structural geological observations that Arabia–Anatolia crustal shortening was accommodated primarily on the Anatolian, not Arabian, Plate. However, there are no consistent changes in Moho depth across the North Anatolian Fault, whose development along the Intra-Pontide and İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zones was more likely the result of contrasts in mantle lithospheric, not crustal, structure. While the crust thins from ∼45 km below the uplifted Eastern Anatolian Plateau to ∼25 km below lower-lying western Anatolia, Moho depth is generally correlated poorly with elevation. Residual topography calculations confirm the requirement for a mantle contribution to Anatolian Plateau uplift, with localized asthenospheric upwellings in response to slab break-off and/or lithospheric dripping/delamination example candidate driving mechanisms.

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Charrette, E. E., and M. Nafi Toksöz. "Magnetic anomalies around the North Anatolian Fault." Geophysical Research Letters 14, no. 12 (December 1987): 1242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl014i012p01242.

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Şengör, A. M. C., Okan Tüysüz, Caner İmren, Mehmet Sakınç, Haluk Eyidoğan, Naci Görür, Xavier Le Pichon, and Claude Rangin. "THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT: A NEW LOOK." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 33, no. 1 (May 31, 2005): 37–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120415.

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KAYMAKCI, N., E. ALDANMAZ, C. LANGEREIS, T. L. SPELL, O. F. GURER, and K. A. ZANETTI. "Late Miocene transcurrent tectonics in NW Turkey: evidence from palaeomagnetism and 40Ar–39Ar dating of alkaline volcanic rocks." Geological Magazine 144, no. 2 (February 9, 2007): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756806003074.

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A number of intra-continental alkaline volcanic sequences in NW Turkey were emplaced along localized extensional gaps within dextral strike-slip fault zones prior to the initiation of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. This study presents new palaeomagnetic and 40Ar–39Ar geochronological results from the lava flows of NW Turkey as a contribution towards understanding the Neogene–Quaternary tectonic evolution of the region and possible roles of block rotations in the kinematic history of the region. 40Ar–39Ar analyses of basalt groundmass indicate that the major volume of alkaline lavas of NW Turkey spans about 4 million years of episodic volcanic activity. Palaeomagnetic results reveal clockwise rotations as high as 73° in Thrace and 33° anticlockwise rotations in the Biga Peninsula. Movement of some of the faults delimiting the areas of lava flows and the timing of volcanic eruptions are both older than the initiation age of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, implying that the region experienced transcurrent tectonics during Late Miocene to Pliocene times and that some of the presently active faults in the region are reactivated pre-existing structures.

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GÜRER, ÖMER FEYZI, ERCAN SANGU, and MUZAFFER ÖZBURAN. "Neotectonics of the SW Marmara region, NW Anatolia, Turkey." Geological Magazine 143, no. 2 (February 13, 2006): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756805001469.

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This study reports on the geometric and structural characteristics of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in the southwest Marmara region. The geometric and kinematic features of the faults in the region are described, based on field observations. In addition, the Neogene and Quaternary basin fill which occupies large areas in the region has been determined, and the tectonic regimes controlling these basins are explained. The neotectonic regime is also explained considering different deformation phases affecting the region. The N–S extension and E–W strike-slip have affected the region possibly since the latest Pliocene–Quaternary. Field observations show that these extensional tectonics around the south Marmara region are related to right strike-slip on the E–W North Anatolian fault zone and the N–S Aegean extensional system. The faults in this zone trend approximately E–W in the eastern part of the region and NE–SW towards the west of the region, indicating that they accommodate rotation in addition to differential movement between adjacent blocks.

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Yavasoglu, Hakan. "Strain Rate Analysis on the Çankiri-Bingöl Segment of the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey." Earth Sciences Research Journal 19, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v19n2.49063.

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The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) is one of the most important fault zones of Turkey and the world. It has produced several high magnitude earthquakes that have resulted in massive loss of lives and resources. National and international research on the North Anatolian Fault zone that Turkey resides on have been realized to better understand and predict the earthquakes produced by it. This study focuses on the Çankırı – Bingöl segment of the NAFZ. The aim of this study is to calculate the strain and latent earthquake potential of the studied area. For this purpose, geodetic data coming from several individual projects have been merged. Strain values have been calculated from the combined data and regions on the fault zone, and strain accumulations have been presented graphically. After calculation, Çankırı, Amasya and Kelkit regions were analyzed. The compressional and extensional deformation has been shown in north and south part of Çankırı basin, respectively. Eastern adjacent area of the Çankırı basin, Amasya region, has the primary branch of the NAF and its subbranches. In the Amasya region, the deformation is mostly on the main branch and the earthquake potential has risen to it. The Kelkit Valley has complex structures and inhomogeneous dispersion. Southeastern and Northwestern part of the Kelkit Valley has varied deformation in micro scale. Consequently, the study results indicate that strain accumulation is concentrated on areas such as the Çankırı basin, Amasya region, and various areas in the Kelkit Valley from west to east. Análisis de la Velocidad de Deformación en el Segmento Çankırı-Bingöl de la Falla de Anatolia del Norte, Turquía. Resumen La Zona de la Falla de Anatolia del Norte (NAFZ, del inglés North Anatolian Fault Zone) es una de las zonas de fallas más importantes de Turquía y del mundo. Esta falla ha generado varios terremotos de gran magnitud que han resultado en pérdidas humanas y de recursos. La investigación nacional e internacional de la Zona de la Falla de Anatolia del Norte, que atraviesa Turquía, se ha realizado con el fin de un mejor entendimiento y predicción de los terremotos que allí se originan. Este análisis se enfoca en el segmento Çankırı-Bingöl de la NAFZ. El objetivo es calcular la tensión y el potencial de terremoto del área de estudio. Con este propósito se recopiló la información geodésica de varios proyectos individuales. Los valores de tensión se calcularon de la información combinada de las regiones que componen la zona de falla y se presentan gráficamente las acumulaciones de tensión. Tras el cálculo de estos valores se analizaron las regiones Çankırı, Amasya y Kelkit. La deformación de compresión y la de extensión aparecen al norte y al sur de la cuenca Çankırı, respectivamente. El área ubicada al Este de la cuenca Çankırı, la región de Amasya, posee la rama principal de la NAFZ y sus subdivisiones. En la región de Amasya la deformación se presenta en la rama principal de la NAFZ, donde se eleva el potencial de movimientos sísmicos. El valle de Kelkit tiene estructuras complejas y dispersión no homogénea. El sudeste y el noroeste del valle Kelkit muestran una deformación variada a microescala. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la acumulación de tensión se concentra en la cuenca Çankırı, la región Amasya y varias áreas del valle Kelkit desde el oeste hacia el este.

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Ioganson, L. I., A. N. Ovsyuchenko, and G. Yu Dontzova. "Seismic activations in Turkey in the 17th – early 21st centuries and Kahramanmarash earthquakes on February 6, 2023." Russian Journal of Seismology 5, no. 4 (December 14, 2023): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2023.4.02.

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The long-term seismic regime of Turkey for the 17th - early 21st centuries are analyzed. It is shown that the fundamental feature of the seismic regime is periodic seismic activations (SA) of strong earthquakes. During the analyzed period, 14 seismic activations of various durations (from 4 to 24 years) and a different number of events (from 4 to 22) were traced. The last SA in Turkey began in 2011, and most likely did not end with the Kahramanmarash earthquake in 2023. SA, as a rule, involves the main seismically active regions of the country (the Aegean coast, the North and East Anatolian faults), but with a clear dominance a certain seismically active area with reduced activity of others. An analysis of historical seismicity shows that strong earthquakes along the North and East Anatolian faults in many cases occur in the same source zones, confirming the concept of seismic sources as inherited geological structures, which may serve as an important prognostic symptom. The Kahramanmaraş earthquakes on February 6, 2023 occurred in the framework of the seismic activation that began in 2011.The position of the Mahmaranmarash seismic source on the southern segment of the East Anatolian fault is in good agreement with displacement of seismic sources from north to south along this fault in the 20th century.

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Bohnhoff, Marco, Georg Dresen, Ulubey Ceken, Filiz Tuba Kadirioglu, Recai Feyiz Kartal, Tugbay Kilic, Murat Nurlu, et al. "GONAF – the borehole Geophysical Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault in the eastern Sea of Marmara." Scientific Drilling 22 (May 31, 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-22-19-2017.

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Abstract. The Marmara section of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) runs under water and is located less than 20 km from the 15-million-person population center of Istanbul in its eastern portion. Based on historical seismicity data, recurrence times forecast an impending magnitude M>7 earthquake for this region. The permanent GONAF (Geophysical Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault) has been installed around this section to help capture the seismic and strain activity preceding, during, and after such an anticipated event.

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Acarel, Diğdem, Musavver Didem Cambaz, Fatih Turhan, Ahu Kömeç Mutlu, and Remzi Polat. "Seismotectonics of Malatya Fault, Eastern Turkey." Open Geosciences 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0085.

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Abstract Turkey is located in a seismically active region with a complex tectonic history. In order to perform seismic risk assessment precisely, major fault zones (North Anatolian Fault Zone and East Anatolian Fault Zone) that are well defined are monitored continuously. It is a widely known fact that intraplate settings, such as Anatolian Plate, in which devastating earthquakes may occur, need to be observed densely. In this study, we investigate the seismotectonics of Malatya Fault within the Malatya Ovacık Fault Zone (MOFZ), which is one of the major agents responsible for internal deformation acting on Anatolian Plate. Recent geological and paleoseismological studies underline the necessity of comprehending the seismicity and latency of a major earthquake in this fault zone.We applied traditional techniques to investigate data of such a region. Earthquakes that occured in the vicinity of Malatya Fault between the years 2011 and mid-2019 are employed in a detailed analysis. The results of this study are constrained by the distribution of sensor networks in the region, yet allowing to define an active structure which is not included in the active fault map of Turkey, therefore, making a significant contribution to seismic hazard estimation.

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Barka, Aykut. "Slip distribution along the North Anatolian fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period 1939 to 1967." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 1238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860051238.

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Abstract Between 1939 and 1967, six large fault ruptures formed a westward-migrating sequence of events along a 900-km-long nearly continuous portion of the North Anatolian fault. For these events—the 1939 Erzincan, 1942 Niksar-Erbaa, 1943 Tosya, 1944 Bolu-Gerede, 1957 Abant, and 1967 Mudurnu Valley earthquakes—I have compiled a record of dextral slip, which contains nearly 100 points. These data indicate that the amount of slip is irregularly distributed along the 1939 to 1967 rupture zone. The maximum slip, 7.5 m, occurred during the 1939 earthquake in the eastern 150 km of the 900-km-long rupture zone. Dextral offsets diminish very abruptly eastward but very gradually westward. The rate of westward decrease in the 1939 to 1967 offsets is only slightly greater than the rate of westward decrease of post-Miocene displacement along the North Anatolian fault. This suggests that westward decrease in slip can be expected to be a general characteristic of earthquake ruptures along the North Anatolian fault in the future. Nevertheless, within the 1939 to 1967 slip distribution, there are three regions that had less slip than the neighboring regions. These I interpret as possible sites of large future earthquakes. One of these seismic gaps has already experienced another earthquake (in 1951) and subsequent creep.

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Şengör, A. M. Celâl, Céline Grall, Caner İmren, Xavier Le Pichon, Naci Görür, Pierre Henry, Hayrullah Karabulut, and Muzaffer Siyako. "The geometry of the North Anatolian transform fault in the Sea of Marmara and its temporal evolution: implications for the development of intracontinental transform faults." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 3 (March 2014): 222–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0160.

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The North Anatolian Fault is a 1200 km long strike-slip fault system connecting the East Anatolian convergent area with the Hellenic subduction zone and, as such, represents an intracontinental transform fault. It began forming some 13–11 Ma ago within a keirogen, called the North Anatolian Shear Zone, which becomes wider from east to west. Its width is maximum at the latitude of the Sea of Marmara, where it is 100 km. The Marmara Basin is unique in containing part of an active strike-slip fault system in a submarine environment in which there has been active sedimentation in a Paratethyan context where stratigraphic resolution is higher than elsewhere in the Mediterranean. It is also surrounded by a long-civilised rim where historical records reach well into the second half of the first millennium BCE (before common era). In this study, we have used 210 multichannel seismic reflexion profiles, adding up to 6210 km profile length and high-resolution bathymetry and chirp profiles reported in the literature to map all the faults that are younger than the Oligocene. Within these faults, we have distinguished those that cut the surface and those that do not. Among the ones that do not cut the surface, we have further created a timetable of fault generation based on seismic sequence recognition. The results are surprising in that faults of all orientations contain subsets that are active and others that are inactive. This suggests that as the shear zone evolves, faults of all orientations become activated and deactivated in a manner that now seems almost haphazard, but a tendency is noticed to confine the overall movement to a zone that becomes narrower with time since the inception of the shear zone, i.e., the whole keirogen, at its full width. In basins, basin margins move outward with time, whereas highs maintain their faults free of sediment cover, making their dating difficult, but small perched basins on top of them in places make relative dating possible. In addition, these basins permit comparison of geological history of the highs with those of the neighbouring basins. The two westerly deeps within the Sea of Marmara seem inherited structures from the earlier Rhodope–Pontide fragment/Sakarya continent collision, but were much accentuated by the rise of the intervening highs during the shear evolution. When it is assumed that below 10 km depth the faults that now constitute the Marmara fault family might have widths approaching 4 km, the resulting picture resembles a large version of an amphibolite-grade shear zone fabric, an inference in agreement with the scale-independent structure of shear zones. We think that the North Anatolian Fault at depth has such a fabric not only on a meso, but also on a macro scale. Detection of such broad, vertical shear zones in Precambrian terrains may be one way to get a handle on relative plate motion directions during those remote times.

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Zabcı, Cengiz. "Spatio-temporal behaviour of continental transform faults: implications from the late Quaternary slip history of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 11 (November 2019): 1218–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0308.

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The slip history of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is constrained by displacement and age data for the last 550 ka. First, I classified all available geological estimates as members of three groups: Model I for the eastern, Model II for the central, and Model III for the western segments where the North Anatolian Shear Zone gradually widens from east to west. The short-term uniform slip solutions yield similar results, 17.5 +4/–3.5 mm/a, 18.9 +3.7/–3.3 mm/a, and 16.9 +1.2/–1.1 mm/a from east to the west. Although these model rates do not show any significant spatial variations among themselves, the correlation with geodetic estimates, ranging between 15 mm/a and 28 mm/a for different sections of the NAF, displays significant discrepancies especially for the central and western segments of the fault. Discrepancies suggest that most strain is accumulated along the NAF, but some portion of it is distributed along secondary structures of the North Anatolian Shear Zone. The deformation rate is constant at least for the last 195 ka, whereas the limited number of data show strain transfer from northern to the southern strand between 195 and 320 ka BP in the Marmara Region when the incremental slip rate decreases to 13.2 +3.1/–2.9 mm/a for the northern strand of the NAF. Considering the possible uncertainties of incremental displacements and their timings, more studies on slip rate are needed at different sites, including major structural elements of the North Anatolian Shear Zone. Although most of the strain is localized along the main displacement zone, the NAF, secondary structures are still capable of generating earthquakes that can hardly reach Mw 7.

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Հարությունյան, Ռ. Ա. "Եվս մեկ անգամ Երևանյան և հարակից ակտիվ խզվածքների գոյության խնդրի շուրջ." Proceedings of NAS RA. Earth Sciences 75, no. 2 (October 6, 2022): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54503/0515-961x-2022.75.2-65.

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Based on the analysis of the ideas underlying the hypothesis of the existence of the Yerevan deep fault and the results of its long-term research, the article shows that the hypothesis proposed by Academician A.Aslanyan in 1955 and not refuted until now that Yerevan and Ani- Ordubad deep faults are active because they are the eastern branches of the North Anatolian active fault and the foci of destructive earthquakes in the Lesser Caucasus are associated with them does not correspond to reality.

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Le Pichon, Xavier, A. M. Celâl Şengör, Julia Kende, Caner İmren, Pierre Henry, Céline Grall, and Hayrullah Karabulut. "Propagation of a strike-slip plate boundary within an extensional environment: the westward propagation of the North Anatolian Fault." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 11 (November 2016): 1416–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0129.

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We document the establishment of the Aegea–Anatolia/Eurasia plate boundary in Pliocene–Pleistocene time. Before 2 Ma, no localized plate boundary existed north of the Aegean portion of the Anatolia plate and the shear produced by the motion of Anatolia–Aegea with respect to Eurasia was distributed over the whole width of the Aegean – West Anatolian western portion. In 4.5 Ma, a shear zone comparable to the Gulf of Corinth was formed in the present Sea of Marmara. The initial extensional basins were cut by the strike-slip Main Marmara Fault system after 2.5 Ma. Shortly after, the plate boundary migrated west of the Sea of Marmara along the northern border of Aegea from the North Aegean Trough, to the Gulf of Corinth area and to the Kefalonia Fault. There, it finally linked with the northern tip of the Aegean subduction zone, completing the system of plate boundaries delimiting the Anatolia–Aegea plate. We have related the change in the distribution of shear from Miocene to Pliocene to the formation of a relatively undeforming Aegea block in Pliocene that forced the shear to be distributed over a narrow plate boundary to the north of it. We attribute the formation of this block to the northeastward progression of the oceanic Ionian slab. We propose that the slab cuts the overlying lithosphere from asthenospheric sources and induces a shortening environment over it.

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ALBINO, IRENE, WILLIAM CAVAZZA, MASSIMILIANO ZATTIN, ARAL I. OKAY, SHOTA ADAMIA, and NINO SADRADZE. "Far-field tectonic effects of the Arabia–Eurasia collision and the inception of the North Anatolian Fault system." Geological Magazine 151, no. 2 (December 2, 2013): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813000952.

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AbstractNew thermochronological data show that rapid Middle Miocene exhumation occurred synchronously along the Bitlis suture zone and in the southeastern Black Sea region, arguably as a far-field effect of the Arabia–Eurasia indentation. Collision-related strain focused preferentially along the rheological boundary between the multideformed continental lithosphere of northeastern Anatolia and the strong (quasi)oceanic lithosphere of the eastern Black Sea. Deformation in the southeastern Black Sea region ceased in late Middle Miocene time, when coherent westward motion of Anatolia and the corresponding activation of the North and East Anatolian Fault systems mechanically decoupled portions of the foreland from the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone.

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Sunal, Gürsel, Mehmet Korhan Erturaç, Pınar Gutsuz, István Dunkl, and Ziyadin Cakir. "Reconstructing the deformation of the North Anatolian Fault Zone through restoring the Oligo–Miocene exhumation pattern of the Almacık Block (northwestern Turkey) based on the apatite (U–Th)/He ages." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 11 (November 2019): 1202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0283.

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The Almacık Block is an approximately 73 km long and 21 km wide tectonic sliver formed by the North Anatolian Fault Zone in northwestern Turkey. Morphologically, it is one of the most pronounced structures along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. All the segments bounding the Almacık Block were ruptured during the second half of the 20th century. The fifty-four apatite (U–Th)/He ages we obtained showed that the region including the Almacık Block was exhumed during the Oligo–Miocene interval and then original exhumation pattern was distorted by the North Anatolian Fault Zone during the Miocene to recent. To interpret this distortion and to reconstruct it to the original state, we modelled “Λ”-shaped mountain fronts in the most probable deformation scenarios. The block has been tilted southward about an approximately east–west-trending horizontal (slightly dipping to the east) axis. As a result of this rotation, the northern part of the block has been uplifted about 2800 m, whereas the southern part has subsided about 430 m, likely during the last 2.5 Myr. The exhumation in the studied region started at around 34 Ma and lasted until 16 Ma with a mean exhumation rate of about 60 m/Myr.

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Gürer, Derya, Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Murat Özkaptan, Iverna Creton, Mathijs R. Koymans, Antonio Cascella, and Cornelis G. Langereis. "Paleomagnetic constraints on the timing and distribution of Cenozoic rotations in Central and Eastern Anatolia." Solid Earth 9, no. 2 (March 21, 2018): 295–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-295-2018.

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Abstract. To quantitatively reconstruct the kinematic evolution of Central and Eastern Anatolia within the framework of Neotethyan subduction accommodating Africa–Eurasia convergence, we paleomagnetically assess the timing and amount of vertical axis rotations across the Ulukışla and Sivas regions. We show paleomagnetic results from ∼ 30 localities identifying a coherent rotation of a SE Anatolian rotating block comprised of the southern Kırşehir Block, the Ulukışla Basin, the Central and Eastern Taurides, and the southern part of the Sivas Basin. Using our new and published results, we compute an apparent polar wander path (APWP) for this block since the Late Cretaceous, showing that it experienced a ∼ 30–35° counterclockwise vertical axis rotation since the Oligocene time relative to Eurasia. Sediments in the northern Sivas region show clockwise rotations. We use the rotation patterns together with known fault zones to argue that the counterclockwise-rotating domain of south-central Anatolia was bounded by the Savcılı Thrust Zone and Deliler–Tecer Fault Zone in the north and by the African–Arabian trench in the south, the western boundary of which is poorly constrained and requires future study. Our new paleomagnetic constraints provide a key ingredient for future kinematic restorations of the Anatolian tectonic collage.

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Doğangün, Adem, Burak Yön, Onur Onat, Mehmet Emin Öncü, and Serkan Sağıroğlu. "Seismicity of East Anatolian of Turkey and Failures of Infill Walls Induced by Major Earthquakes." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 15, no. 04 (March 13, 2021): 2150017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431121500172.

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There are three major fault zones in Turkey scattered around the country known as East Anatolian Fault (EAF), North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and Anatolian-Aegean Subduction Zone (AASZ). Last two decades, EAF has been rather quiescent compared with NAF. However, this quiescence was broken in the beginning of the millennium. The strong shaking was started in 2003 with Bingöl earthquake (Mw = 6.3) and the last earthquake on the EAF is the Sivrice-Elazığ (Mw = 6.8) on January 24, 2020. Strong seismicity of these faults damaged the structures severely and caused death of the habitants. This study aims to present, seismotectonic of the region, general characteristics of the earthquakes and more specifically to report structural damage of infill walls of the structure’s damages caused by these earthquakes. Damage evaluation and identification of the observed infill wall damages due to 2003 Bingöl, 2011 Van earthquakes and January 24, 2020 Sivrice-Elazığ earthquake occurred Turkey’s Eastern region, were presented, and possible solutions were suggested. Moreover, the effects of the infill walls on the behavior of structures under static and dynamic load cases are discussed that experienced in these earthquakes. Damages are classified according to formations such as in-plane or out-of-plane, evaluations and the results obtained from the discussions are presented for each category.

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Dogan, U., G. Lachapelle, L. Fortes, and S. Ergintav. "A study of the tectonically active Marmara region, Turkey, using a global positioning system (GPS)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-041.

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The Marmara region is an active tectonic zone characterized by a transition in the dextral strike-slip regime of the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The main goal of this paper is to assess the use of global positioning system (GPS) data sets collected during five relatively short time intervals during the period December 2000 March 2002 to detect potential crustal deformations. To determine if the deformations measured with GPS are real or only a data artifact, a statistical reliability analysis of the solutions is performed. The results indicate that each station has statistically different temporal behavior and significant relative motions. This area is consequently still very active, with significant deformation patterns. Although the average magnitude for our estimated displacement rates with respect to ANKR station, which represents the rigid motion of the Anatolian plate, is in the order of 1.1 cm/year in the south of the North Anatolian Fault, it increases to 2.3 cm/year in the northern part of the area.

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Fichtner, Andreas, Erdinc Saygin, Tuncay Taymaz, Paul Cupillard, Yann Capdeville, and Jeannot Trampert. "The deep structure of the North Anatolian Fault Zone." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 373 (July 2013): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.04.027.

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Rousset, Baptiste, Romain Jolivet, Mark Simons, Cécile Lasserre, Bryan Riel, Pietro Milillo, Ziyadin Çakir, and François Renard. "An aseismic slip transient on the North Anatolian Fault." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 7 (April 14, 2016): 3254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068250.

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Gök, Rengin, Lawrence Hutchings, Kevin Mayeda, and Doğan Kalafat. "Source Parameters for 1999 North Anatolian Fault Zone Aftershocks." Pure and Applied Geophysics 166, no. 4 (April 2009): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0461-x.

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Kutoglu, H. S., R. N. Celik, M. T. Ozludemir, and C. Güney. "New findings on the effects of the İzmit Mw=7.4 and Düzce Mw=7.2 earthquakes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2011): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-267-2011.

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Abstract. The 17 August 1999 İzmit Mw=7.4 and the 12 November 1999 Düzce Mw=7.2 earthquakes caused a 150 km long surface rupture in the western part of the North Anatolian Fault. The coseismic slips along the fault line and the trace of the surface ruptures were studied in detail in Barka (1999), Reilinger et al. (2000), Cakir et al. (2003a, b) and Ergintav (2009) after the earthquakes. However, the basin to the east of Sapanca Lake was a black hole for all investigations because there was no geodetic network and no significant deformation that could be obtained by using InSAR techniques. In this study, findings on the abovementioned basin have been reinterpreted through a GPS network newly explored. This interpretation shows coseismic slips of between 2–3 m, and links the surface rupture to the main branch of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) in the east Sapanca basin.

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İşseven, Turgay, and Okan Tüysüz. "Palaeomagnetically defined rotations of fault-bounded continental blocks in the North Anatolian Shear Zone, North Central Anatolia." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28, no. 4-6 (December 2006): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.11.012.

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Türkoğlu, Erşan, Martyn Unsworth, Fatih Bulut, and İlyas Çağlar. "Crustal structure of the North Anatolian and East Anatolian Fault Systems from magnetotelluric data." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 241 (April 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2015.01.003.

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Gasperini, Luca, Massimiliano Stucchi, Vincenzo Cedro, Mustapha Meghraoui, Gulsen Ucarkus, and Alina Polonia. "Active fault segments along the North Anatolian Fault system in the Sea of Marmara: implication for seismic hazard." Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews 3, no. 1 (March 2021): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42990-021-00048-7.

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AbstractA new analysis of high-resolution multibeam and seismic reflection data, collected during several oceanographic expeditions starting from 1999, allowed us to compile an updated morphotectonic map of the North Anatolian Fault below the Sea of Marmara. We reconstructed kinematics and geometries of individual fault segments, active at the time scale of 10 ka, an interval which includes several earthquake cycles, taking as stratigraphic marker the base of the latest marine transgression. Given the high deformation rates relative to sediment supply, most active tectonic structures have a morphological expression at the seafloor, even in presence of composite fault geometries and/or overprinting due to mass-wasting or turbidite deposits. In the frame of the right-lateral strike-slip domain characterizing the North Anatolian fault system, three types of deformation are observed: almost pure strike-slip faults, oriented mainly E–W; NE/SW-aligned axes of transpressive structures; NW/SE-oriented trans-tensional depressions. Fault segmentation occurs at different scales, but main segments develop along three major right-lateral oversteps, which delimit main fault branches, from east to west: (i) the transtensive Cinarcik segment; (ii) the Central (East and West) segments; and (iii) the westernmost Tekirdag segment. A quantitative morphometric analysis of the shallow deformation patterns observed by seafloor morphology maps and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles along the entire basin allowed to determine nature and cumulative lengths of individual fault segments. These data were used as inputs for empirical relationships, to estimate maximum expected Moment Magnitudes, obtaining values in the range of 6.8–7.4 for the Central, and 6.9–7.1 for the Cinarcik and Tekirdag segments, respectively. We discuss these findings considering analyses of historical catalogues and available paleoseismological studies for the Sea of Marmara region to formulate reliable seismic hazard scenarios.

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Güvercin, Sezim Ezgi, Hayrullah Karabulut, A. Özgün Konca, Uğur Doğan, and Semih Ergintav. "Active seismotectonics of the East Anatolian Fault." Geophysical Journal International 230, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac045.

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SUMMARY The East Anatolian Fault (EAF) is a 700-km-long left-lateral transform fault located between the Anatolian and Arabian plates. The proximity of the Euler Pole to the Arabia–Anatolia Plate boundary leads to rapid changes in plate velocity along the boundary, which is manifested by the decreasing slip rates from east (10 mm yr–1) to west (∼1–4 mm yr–1). The EAF displays heterogeneous seismicity patterns with seismic gaps, localized clusters and broad diffuse zones. In this study, in order to understand the origin of these complexities and quantify the seismic hazard along the EAF, we present an improved seismicity catalogue with more than 26 000 earthquakes and 160 focal mechanisms from regional moment tensor inversion between 2007 and 2020. The focal mechanisms and seismicity show that the EAF dips towards north and forms a well-defined plate boundary in the east between Palu and Çelikhan with almost pure left-lateral motion. Further west, the boundary becomes broader with activity along subparallel faults. Focal mechanisms show heterogeneous stress orientations in consistence with geodetically determined strain rate field. The stress orientations show a transition from strike-slip to extension towards the west of Çelikhan. Amongst all segments of EAF, the Pütürge segment, which holds the near-repeating earthquakes in the vicinity of the nucleation of the 2020 Mw 6.8 earthquake, is distinguished with its steady and high rate of seismicity. Further east, the neighbouring Palu segment is characterized by several distinct moderate earthquakes. We do not observe any change in the seismicity rate on these segments of the EAF following large earthquakes. In order to quantify the seismic hazard along the EAF, we calculate the recurrence time and maximum magnitude for each segment by using an extended seismicity catalogue of 150 yr including the large historical earthquakes and the geodetic strain rate. The results show ∼150 yr recurrence time with Mmax∼6.7–7.0 along the seismically active Palu and Pütürge segments on the east, while relatively silent western segments yield longer recurrence times; 237–772 for Pazarcık and 414–917 for Amanos segments with slightly larger magnitudes (Mmax ∼7–7.4). We infer that the seismicity patterns and strain-rate field along the EAF are shaped by several factors such as strong geometrical irregularities, heterogeneous coupling and complex plate motion leading to rapid change of fault slip rate.

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Mutlu, Halim, I. Tonguç Uysal, Erhan Altunel, Volkan Karabacak, Yuexing Feng, Jian-xin Zhao, and Ozan Atalay. "Rb–Sr systematics of fault gouges from the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)." Journal of Structural Geology 32, no. 2 (February 2010): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2009.11.006.

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Briole, Pierre, Athanassios Ganas, Panagiotis Elias, and Dimitar Dimitrov. "The GPS velocity field of the Aegean. New observations, contribution of the earthquakes, crustal blocks model." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 468–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab089.

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SUMMARY We calculate and analyse the coordinate time-series of 282 permanent GPS stations located in Greece and 47 in surrounding countries. The studied period is 2000–2020. The average GPS time-series length is 6.5 yr. The formal velocity uncertainties are rescaled to be consistent with the velocity scatters measured at 110 pairs of stations separated by less 15 km. We remove the effect of the crustal earthquakes of Mw ≥ 5.3. We quantify and model the post-seismic deformations. Two relaxation times are usually needed: one short of some weeks and one long of 1 yr or more. For the large Mw = 6.9 events of Samothraki 2014 and Methoni 2008, the post-seismic deformation equals or exceeds the coseismic one. We detect at three stations a deformation transient in May 2018 that may correspond to a slow earthquake beneath Zakynthos and northwest Peloponnese, with equivalent magnitude 5.8. The density and accuracy of the velocities make it possible to better quantify several characteristics of the deformation in the Aegean, in particular: (i) the transition from the Anatolian domain, located in the southeast, to the European domain through the western end of the North Anatolian fault; (ii) the north–south extension in the western Aegean; (iii) the east–west extension of the western Peloponnese; (iv) the clockwise rotation of the Pindos; (v) the north–south extension in central Macedonia. Large parts of the central Aegean, eastern Peloponnese and western Crete form a wide stable domain with internal deformation below 2 nstrain yr−1. We build a kinematic model comprising 10 crustal blocks corresponding to areas where the velocities present homogeneous gradients. The blocks boundaries are set to fit with known localized deformation zones, for example, the rift of Corinth, the North Anatolian fault and the Katouna fault. When the velocity steps are clear but not localized, for example, through the Peloponnese, the boundary line is arbitrary and represents the transition zone. The model fits the velocities with a root-mean-square deviation of ±0.9 mm yr−1. At the boundaries between blocks we compare the predicted and observed deformations. We find shear rates of 7.4 and 9.0 mm yr−1 along the Movri and Katouna faults, 14.9 and 8.7 mm yr−1 along the North Anatolian fault near Lemnos and near Skopelos respectively, extension of 7.6, 1.5 and 12.6 mm yr−1 across the Gulf of Patras, the Trichonis Lake and the Ambracian Gulf. The compression across western Epirus is 3.7 mm yr−1. There is a dextral transtensional movement of 4.5 mm yr−1 between the Amorgos and Astypalea islands. Only the Ionian Islands region shows evidence of coupling along the subduction interface.

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Durand, V., M. Bouchon, H. Karabulut, D. Marsan, J. Schmittbuhl, M. P. Bouin, M. Aktar, and G. Daniel. "Seismic interaction and delayed triggering along the North Anatolian Fault." Geophysical Research Letters 37, no. 18 (September 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gl044688.

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Kranis, H. "NEOTECTONIC BASIN EVOLUTION IN CENTRAL-EASTERN MAINLAND GREECE: AN OVERVIEW." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16621.

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The neotectonic evolution of central-eastern mainland Greece (Sterea Hellas) is documented in the result of local extensional tectonics within a regional transtensional field, which is related to the westward propagation of the North Anatolian Fault. The observed tectonic structures within the neotectonic basins and their margins (range-bounding faults and fault zones, rotation of tectonic blocL·) suggest a close relation to the Parnassos Detachment Fault (PDF), which is a reused alpine thrust surface. Lokris basin (LB) occupied a central position in this neotectonic configuration, having received its first sediments in the Uppermost Miocene and subsequently been greatly affected by tectonic episodes, which continue until nowadays. LB is considered to have been separated from the present-day North Gulf of Evia not earlier than the Lower Pleistocene. Voiotihos Kifissos Basin, on the other hand, is tightly related to the activation of PDF, occupying the position of a frontal basin and having developed along the main detachment front.

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Izgi, Gizem, Tuna Eken, Peter Gaebler, Tülay Kaya-Eken, and Tuncay Taymaz. "Frequency-dependent shear wave attenuation across the Central Anatolia region, Türkiye." Solid Earth 15, no. 6 (June 14, 2024): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-15-657-2024.

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Abstract. The Central Anatolian Plateau with its volcanic provinces represents a broad transition zone between the compressional deformation in the east and the extensional regime in the west. The Central Anatolian Fault Zone separates the Kırşehir Block in the north and the Anatolide–Tauride Block in the south within the plateau. A proper understanding of physical properties such as seismic attenuation in the crustal volume of this region can provide hints toward the possible source for the geodynamic events in the past and present that likely lead to the observed deformation. In order to model intrinsic and scattering attenuation separately, we perform a nonempirical coda-wave modeling approach in which a fitting process between observed and synthetic coda-wave envelopes is performed for each earthquake in multiple frequency bands. Here, the acoustic radiative transfer theory, assuming multiple isotropic scattering, was utilized for the forward modeling of the synthetic coda-wave envelopes of local earthquakes. Our findings generally highlight the prominent nature of intrinsic attenuation over scattering attenuation, implying the presence of thick volcanic rocks with relatively high attenuation values beneath Central Anatolia. Overall, the spatial distribution of the attenuation at varying frequencies marks the Kırşehir Massif distinctively with its considerable high-attenuating character. Our findings, combined with early seismological and geo-electrical models, suggest a possible partial melt beneath most of the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, and the resultant zones of elevated fluid-rich content exhibit high and dominant intrinsic attenuation. To the southeast, a gradual decrease in the observed attenuation coincides with the Central Taurus Mountains where high altitude is considered to be evolved following the slab break-off and resulting mantle upwelling.

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Rondoyanni, Th, Ch Georgiou, D. Galanakis, and M. Kourouzidis. "EVIDENCES OF ACTIVE FAULTING IN THRACE REGION (NORTHEASTERN GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16572.

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Active oblique to strike-slip faults were identified in southern Thrace (northeastern Greece), on the basis of field observations, geological mapping, analysis of geometrical and dynamic characteristics of recent tectonic structures as well as evaluation of their seismic potential. The seismic activity refers mainly to strong earthquakes occurring under the sea, while a minor number of seismic epicenters have been registered on land. According to the historic and recent data, most seismic destructions in this region are due to the influence of the North Anatolian Fault and North Aegean Trough system. The diachronic activity of several faults and the changes in the movement type from clearly normal to oblique-normal or strike-slip, have left clear signs on the existing polished fault planes. Among the numerous faults determined in Thrace, some of them can be characterized as active, according to their geological and morphotectonic characteristics. Taking in to account the faults length, the specific seismotectonic conditions prevailing over the Hellenic territory and the existed empirical relationships, the maximum displacement in case of seismic reactivation was estimated.

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44

Brun, Jean-Pierre, Claudio Faccenna, Frédéric Gueydan, Dimitrios Sokoutis, Mélody Philippon, Konstantinos Kydonakis, and Christian Gorini. "The two-stage Aegean extension, from localized to distributed, a result of slab rollback acceleration." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 11 (November 2016): 1142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0203.

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Back-arc extension in the Aegean, which was driven by slab rollback since 45 Ma, is described here for the first time in two stages. From Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene, deformation was localized leading to (i) the exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks to crustal depths, (ii) the exhumation of high-temperature metamorphic rocks in core complexes, and (iii) the deposition of sedimentary basins. Since Middle Miocene, extension distributed over the whole Aegean domain controlled the deposition of onshore and offshore Neogene sedimentary basins. We reconstructed this two-stage evolution in 3D and four steps at Aegean scale by using available ages of metamorphic and sedimentary processes, geometry, and kinematics of ductile deformation, paleomagnetic data, and available tomographic models. The restoration model shows that the rate of trench retreat was around 0.6 cm/year during the first 30 My and then accelerated up to 3.2 cm/year during the last 15 My. The sharp transition observed in the mode of extension, localized versus distributed, in Middle Miocene correlates with the acceleration of trench retreat and is likely a consequence of the Hellenic slab tearing documented by mantle tomography. The development of large dextral northeast–southwest strike-slip faults, since Middle Miocene, is illustrated by the 450 km long fault zone, offshore from Myrthes to Ikaria and onshore from Izmir to Balikeshir, in Western Anatolia. Therefore, the interaction between the Hellenic trench retreat and the westward displacement of Anatolia started in Middle Miocene, almost 10 Ma before the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault in the North Aegean.

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45

Owczarz, Karolina. "Analysis of tectonic activity of the North Anatolian Fault based on SBInSAR method." E3S Web of Conferences 55 (2018): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185500005.

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The North Anatolian Fault situated in Turkey is one of the longest and most active tectonic faults in the world. The paper presents an analysis of tectonic activity in its area based on the method of Small Baseline Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry. For this purpose 73 satellite SAR images and specialized software GMT5SAR were used with implement the SBAS algorithm. In addition, the most important aspects of data processing and their final products were presented, which determined the surface displacements occurring in the surveyed area from 1 January 2014 to 1 March 2017. The displacements of the SBAS surface area ranged from -10 cm to +10 cm. Based on the obtained results and their analysis, the author also assessed the suitability of SBInSAR technology for areas of land displacement.

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46

Yolsal-Çevikbilen, Seda, C. Berk Biryol, Susan Beck, George Zandt, Tuncay Taymaz, Hande E. Adıyaman, and A. Arda Özacar. "3-D crustal structure along the North Anatolian Fault Zone in north-central Anatolia revealed by local earthquake tomography." Geophysical Journal International 188, no. 3 (January 16, 2012): 819–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05313.x.

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47

Koçyiǧit, A. "Suşehri basin: an active fault-wedge basin on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey." Tectonophysics 167, no. 1 (October 1989): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90291-6.

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48

FACCENNA, C., O. BELLIER, J. MARTINOD, C. PIROMALLO, and V. REGARD. "Slab detachment beneath eastern Anatolia: A possible cause for the formation of the North Anatolian fault." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 242, no. 1-2 (February 15, 2006): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.046.

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49

Brun, J. P., C. Faccenna, F. Gueydan, D. Sokoutis, M. Philippon, K. Kydonakis, and C. Gorini. "EFFECTS OF SLAB ROLLBACK ACCELERATION ON AEGEAN EXTENSION." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11697.

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Aegean extension is a process driven by slab rollback that, since 45 Ma, shows a twostage evolution. From Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene it is accommodated by localized deformation leading to i) the exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks from mantle to crustal depths, ii) the exhumation of high-temperature rocks in core complexes and iii) the deposition of Paleogene sedimentary basins. Since Middle Miocene, extension is distributed over the whole Aegean domain giving a widespread development of onshore and offshore Neogene sedimentary basins. We reconstructed this two-stage evolution in 3D at Aegean scale by using available ages of metamorphic and sedimentary processes, geometry and kinematics of ductile deformation, paleomagnetic data and available tomographic models. The restorationmodel shows that the rate of trench retreat was around 0.6 cm/y during the first 30 My and then accelerated up to 3.2 cm/y during the last 15 My. The sharp transition observed in the mode of extension, localized versus distributed, which occurred in Middle Miocene correlates with the acceleration of trench retreat and is more likely a consequence of the Hellenic slab tearing documented by mantle tomography. The development of large dextral NE-SW strike-slip faults during the second stage of Aegean extension, since Middle Miocene, is illustrated by the 450 Km-long fault, recently put in evidence, offshore from Myrthes to Ikaria and onshore from Izmir to Balikeshir, in western Anatolia. Therefore, the interaction between the Hellenic trench retreat and the westward displacement of Anatolia started in Middle Miocene,almost 10 Ma before the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault in the North Aegean. This raises a fundamental issue concerning the dynamic relationship between slab tearing and Anatolia displacement.

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50

Krystopowicz, Neil J., Lindsay M. Schoenbohm, Jeremy Rimando, Gilles Brocard, and Bora Rojay. "Tectonic geomorphology and Plio-Quaternary structural evolution of the Tuzgölü fault zone, Turkey: Implications for deformation in the interior of the Central Anatolian Plateau." Geosphere 16, no. 5 (July 22, 2020): 1107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02175.1.

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Abstract Situated within the interior of the Central Anatolian Plateau (Turkey), the 200-km-long Tuzgölü extensional fault zone offers first-order constraints on the timing and pattern of regional deformation and uplift. In this study, we analyze the morphometrics of catchments along the Tuzgölü range-front fault and the parallel, basinward Hamzalı fault using a variety of measured morphometric indicators coupled with regional geomorphic observations and longitudinal profile analysis. In addition, we use field and remote mapping to constrain the geometry of two key marker beds, the Pliocene Kızılkaya ignimbrite and Kışladaǧ limestone, in order to investigate deformation in the footwall of the Tuzgölü fault zone. The marker beds form a broad arch along the footwall of the fault, with greatest cumulative displacement along the central part of the fault zone, suggesting early Pliocene extensional reactivation of the Tuzgölü fault with a typical fault-displacement profile. However, a change in deformation pattern is marked by transient knickpoints along river channels; morphometric indicators sensitive to shorter (1−3 Ma) time scales, including river steepness, basin elongation, and mountain front sinuosity, indicate an overall southeastward increase in footwall uplift rate of the Tuzgölü fault zone, which could reflect block rotation or interaction with the Hasan Dag volcano. Basin asymmetry and basin-fault azimuth measurements indicate north-northwest tilting of footwall catchments, which may be linked to regional tilting across the Central Anatolian Plateau interior. Varying patterns of spatial and temporal deformation along the length of the Tuzgölü fault zone are likely due to the interference of crustal- and lithospheric-scale processes, such as rotation of crustal blocks, extrusion of the Anatolian microplate, crustal heating, gravitational collapse associated with plateau uplift, and mantle-driven vertical displacements.

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Journal articles on the topic 'North Anatolian Fault'

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