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Journal articles on the topic 'North and South America'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Morrow, Juliet E., and Toby A. Morrow. "Geographic Variation in Fluted Projectile Points: A Hemispheric Perspective." American Antiquity 64, no. 2 (1999): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694275.

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This paper examines geographic variation in fluted point morphology across North and South America. Metric data on 449 North American points, 31 Central American points, and 61 South American points were entered into a database. Ratios calculated from these metric attributes are used to quantify aspects of point shape across the two continents. The results of this analysis indicate gradual, progressive changes in fluted point outline shape from the Great Plains of western North America into adjacent parts of North America as well as into Central and South America. The South American “Fishtail”

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2

Carrillo, Juan D., Søren Faurby, Daniele Silvestro, et al. "Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals drove the asymmetry of the Great American Biotic Interchange." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 42 (2020): 26281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009397117.

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The interchange between the previously disconnected faunas of North and South America was a massive experiment in biological invasion. A major gap in our understanding of this invasion is why there was a drastic increase in the proportion of mammals of North American origin found in South America. Four nonmutually exclusive mechanisms may explain this asymmetry: 1) Higher dispersal rate of North American mammals toward the south, 2) higher origination of North American immigrants in South America, 3) higher extinction of mammals with South American origin, and 4) similar dispersal rate but a l

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3

Webb, S. David. "Ecogeography and the Great American Interchange." Paleobiology 17, no. 3 (1991): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300010605.

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When the isthmian land bridge triggered the Great American Interchange, a large majority of land-mammal families crossed reciprocally between North and South America at about 2.5 Ma (i.e., Late Pliocene). Initially land-mammal dynamics proceeded as predicted by equilibrium theory, with roughly equal reciprocal mingling on both continents. Also as predicted, the impact of the interchange faded in North America after about 1 m.y. In South America, contrary to such predictions, the interchange became decidedly unbalanced: during the Pleistocene, groups of North American origin continued to divers

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4

Bona, Paula, Martín D. Ezcurra, Francisco Barrios, and María V. Fernandez Blanco. "A new Palaeocene crocodylian from southern Argentina sheds light on the early history of caimanines." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1885 (2018): 20180843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0843.

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Caimanines are crocodylians currently restricted to South and Central America and the oldest members are from lower Palaeocene localities of the Salamanca Formation (Chubut Province, Argentina). We report here a new caimanine from this same unit represented by a skull roof and partial braincase. Its phylogenetic relationships were explored in a cladistic analysis using standard characters and a morphogeometric two-dimensional configuration of the skull roof. The phylogenetic results were used for an event-based supermodel quantitative palaeobiogeographic analysis. The new species is recovered

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5

Frailey, Carl David, and Kenneth E. Campbell. "Two new genera of peccaries (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Tayassuidae) from upper Miocene deposits of the Amazon Basin." Journal of Paleontology 86, no. 5 (2012): 852–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-012.1.

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Two new, extinct taxa of peccaries from upper Miocene deposits of the western Amazon Basin provide the first data documenting the presence of these North American mammals in South America in the Miocene. One, Sylvochoerus woodburnei n. gen. n. sp., is allied morphologically to Tayassu pecari, whereas the second, Waldochoerus bassleri n. gen. n. sp., is more similar to Pecari tajacu. Both new taxa reflect an intermediate position between middle Miocene peccaries and modern Tayassu and Pecari. The specimens reported here were unstudied, but when collected they were referred to living species of

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Prothero, Donald R., Kenneth E. Campbell, Brian L. Beatty, and Carl D. Frailey. "New Late Miocene Dromomerycine Artiodactyl from the Amazon Basin: Implications for Interchange Dynamics." Journal of Paleontology 88, no. 3 (2014): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-022.

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A new dromomerycine palaeomerycid artiodactyl, Surameryx acrensis new genus new species, from upper Miocene deposits of the Amazon Basin documents the first and only known occurrence of this Northern Hemisphere group in South America. Osteological characters place the new taxon among the earliest known dromomerycine artiodactyls, most similar to Barbouromeryx trigonocorneus, which lived in North America during the early to middle Miocene, 20–16 Ma. Although it has long been assumed that the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) began with the closure of the Isthmus of Panama in the late Pli

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McDonald, H. Gregory, and Oscar Carranza-Castañeda. "Increased xenarthran diversity of the Great American Biotic Interchange: a new genus and species of ground sloth (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megalonychidae) from the Hemphillian (late Miocene) of Jalisco, Mexico." Journal of Paleontology 91, no. 5 (2017): 1069–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.45.

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AbstractA new genus and species of megalonychid sloth,Zacatzontli tecolotlanensisn. gen. n. sp., is described from the late Hemphillian of Jalisco, Mexico. Comparison and analysis of the type specimen, a mandible, with other megalonychid sloths shows a closer relationship to South American taxa than those from North America or the Caribbean. This suggests that during the early stages of the Great American Biotic Interchange there were two separate dispersal events of megalonychid sloths—an earlier one represented byPliometanastesand the later one byZacatzontlin. gen. While the morphology of th

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8

Allen, Robert C., Tommy E. Murphy, and Eric B. Schneider. "The Colonial Origins of the Divergence in the Americas: A Labor Market Approach." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 4 (2012): 863–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000629.

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This article introduces the Americas in the Great Divergence debate by measuring real wages in various North and South American cities between colonization and independence, and comparing them to Europe and Asia. We find that for much of the period, North America was the most prosperous region of the world, while Latin America was much poorer. We then discuss a series of hypotheses that can explain these results, including migration, the demography of the American Indian populations, and the various labor systems implemented in the continent.

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9

Prashad, Vijay. "From Multiculture to Polyculture in South Asian American Studies." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 8, no. 2 (1999): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.8.2.185.

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In 1997, Contours of the Heart: South Asians Map North America won the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation (Maira and Srikanth). This was unexpected, not because of the quality of the book, but principally because of the little attention hitherto given to those who write about the “new immigrants” of the Americas (including South Asians, Filipinos, Southeast Asians, Africans, and West Asians). Prior to 1997, scholars and writers of South Asian America had been known to skulk in the halls of even such marginal events as the Asian American Studies Association and complain abo

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10

Stucky, Richard K. "Paleogene community change among terrestrial vertebrates of the Western Hemisphere." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s247526220000842x.

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Paleogene vertebrate communities in North and South America show dramatic changes in taxonomic composition and ecological organization. Worldwide, mammals diversified substantially following dinosaur extinction (Fig. 1). Most families of living vertebrates appear by the end of the Paleogene. In North America, placental omnivores, herbivores and carnivores dominate mammalian communities, but in South America marsupial carnivores and omnivores and placental herbivores dominate them. Immigration from Asia and Europe to North America of taxa from several placental orders (Perissodactyla, Primates,

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11

Frederick Littrell, Romie, and Evangelina Cruz Barba. "North and South Latin America." Journal of Management Development 32, no. 6 (2013): 629–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-04-2013-0055.

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12

Reichard, Mason V., Tiana L. Sanders, Pabasara Weerarathne, et al. "Cytauxzoonosis in North America." Pathogens 10, no. 9 (2021): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091170.

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Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging tick-borne disease of domestic and wild felids produced by infection of Cytauxzoon felis, an apicomplexan protozoan similar to Theileria spp. Transmitted by Amblyomma americanum, lone star tick, and Dermacentor variabilis, American dog tick, infection of C. felis in cats is severe, characterized by depression, lethargy, fever, hemolytic crisis, icterus, and possibly death. Cytauxzoonosis occurs mainly in the southern, south-central, and mid-Atlantic United States in North America, in close association with the distribution and activity of tick vectors. Infection o

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13

Anton, AM, and HE Connor. "Floral Biology and Reproduction in Poa (Poeae: Gramineae)." Australian Journal of Botany 43, no. 6 (1995): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9950577.

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Flowers in the cosmopolitan genus Poa L. are predominantly hermaphrodite but many departures from this sex form occur in the New World. Dioecism is primarily a South American breeding system with about three times as many dioecious species as in the rest of the world. Gynomonoecism is a Central and South American trait heavily represented in Andean Peru and Bolivia. This zone of gynomonoecism separates dioecism in North and South America. Gynodioecism, a convenient evolutionary position on the pathway to dioecism, is relatively infrequent and in North America is of indeterminate form in severa

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14

Moritz, Leif, and Antonio Parra-Gómez. "Notorhinus floresi sp. nov. gen. nov.: The first records of Siphonophorida in Chile and Siphonorhinidae in South America (Colobognatha)." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 81 (June 9, 2023): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e100520.

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The millipede family Siphonorhinidae (order Siphonophorida) shows a scattered distribution in South Africa, Madagascar, India, Southeast Asia, and North America. So far, the family is unknown from South America, while species of Siphonophoridae, the second family of the order, are relatively abundant on the continent. However, not a single Siphonophorida is known from Chile. Here we describe the monotypic genus Notorhinusgen. nov. with N. floresisp. nov. and record a second Notorhinus (undescribed) species, as first records of the order Siphonophorida in Chile and of the family Siphonorhinidae

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Moritz, Leif, and Antonio Parra-Gómez. "Notorhinus floresi sp. nov. gen. nov.: The first records of Siphonophorida in Chile and Siphonorhinidae in South America (Colobognatha)." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 81 (June 9, 2023): 565–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e100520.

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The millipede family Siphonorhinidae (order Siphonophorida) shows a scattered distribution in South Africa, Madagascar, India, Southeast Asia, and North America. So far, the family is unknown from South America, while species of Siphonophoridae, the second family of the order, are relatively abundant on the continent. However, not a single Siphonophorida is known from Chile. Here we describe the monotypic genus Notorhinus gen. nov. with N. floresi sp. nov. and record a second Notorhinus (undescribed) species, as first records of the order Siphonophorida in Chile and of the family Siphonorhinid

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16

Ribeiro, Bruno Z., and Lance F. Bosart. "Elevated Mixed Layers and Associated Severe Thunderstorm Environments in South and North America." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 1 (2017): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0121.1.

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Abstract This study presents a climatological and composite analysis of elevated mixed layers (EMLs) in South and North America derived from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. The EMLs are identified based on objective criteria applied to the reanalysis data. Composite analyses of synoptic-scale conditions and severe weather parameters associated with spring EML cases are presented. EMLs are more frequent immediately to the east of the Andes and the Rockies. The North American EMLs form by surface heating over the higher terrain of the Rockies, with peak frequency occurring in spring

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17

Mitchell, Kieren J., Sarah C. Bray, Pere Bover, et al. "Ancient mitochondrial DNA reveals convergent evolution of giant short-faced bears (Tremarctinae) in North and South America." Biology Letters 12, no. 4 (2016): 20160062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0062.

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The Tremarctinae are a subfamily of bears endemic to the New World, including two of the largest terrestrial mammalian carnivores that have ever lived: the giant, short-faced bears Arctodus simus from North America and Arctotherium angustidens from South America (greater than or equal to 1000 kg). Arctotherium angustidens became extinct during the Early Pleistocene, whereas Arctodus simus went extinct at the very end of the Pleistocene. The only living tremarctine is the spectacled bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ), a largely herbivorous bear that is today only found in South America. The relationsh

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Arita, Héctor T., Jimena Vargas‐Barón, and Fabricio Villalobos. "Latitudinal gradients of genus richness and endemism and the diversification of New World bats." Ecography 37, no. 11 (2014): 1024–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13467972.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Several hypotheses have been advanced for the origin and diversification of the bat fauna of the New World. Traditional models considered one of the families (Vespertilionidae) to have had a North American origin, whilst the diversification of other seven families was thought to have occurred in South America. Present‐day patterns of diversity are the result, according to these hypotheses, of the mixing of faunas, mostly coinciding with the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) of the Americas. Recent research has challenged the traditional

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Arita, Héctor T., Jimena Vargas‐Barón, and Fabricio Villalobos. "Latitudinal gradients of genus richness and endemism and the diversification of New World bats." Ecography 37, no. 11 (2014): 1024–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13467972.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Several hypotheses have been advanced for the origin and diversification of the bat fauna of the New World. Traditional models considered one of the families (Vespertilionidae) to have had a North American origin, whilst the diversification of other seven families was thought to have occurred in South America. Present‐day patterns of diversity are the result, according to these hypotheses, of the mixing of faunas, mostly coinciding with the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) of the Americas. Recent research has challenged the traditional

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20

Arita, Héctor T., Jimena Vargas‐Barón, and Fabricio Villalobos. "Latitudinal gradients of genus richness and endemism and the diversification of New World bats." Ecography 37, no. 11 (2014): 1024–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13467972.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Several hypotheses have been advanced for the origin and diversification of the bat fauna of the New World. Traditional models considered one of the families (Vespertilionidae) to have had a North American origin, whilst the diversification of other seven families was thought to have occurred in South America. Present‐day patterns of diversity are the result, according to these hypotheses, of the mixing of faunas, mostly coinciding with the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) of the Americas. Recent research has challenged the traditional

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21

Arita, Héctor T., Jimena Vargas‐Barón, and Fabricio Villalobos. "Latitudinal gradients of genus richness and endemism and the diversification of New World bats." Ecography 37, no. 11 (2014): 1024–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13467972.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Several hypotheses have been advanced for the origin and diversification of the bat fauna of the New World. Traditional models considered one of the families (Vespertilionidae) to have had a North American origin, whilst the diversification of other seven families was thought to have occurred in South America. Present‐day patterns of diversity are the result, according to these hypotheses, of the mixing of faunas, mostly coinciding with the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) of the Americas. Recent research has challenged the traditional

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Arita, Héctor T., Jimena Vargas‐Barón, and Fabricio Villalobos. "Latitudinal gradients of genus richness and endemism and the diversification of New World bats." Ecography 37, no. 11 (2014): 1024–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13467972.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Several hypotheses have been advanced for the origin and diversification of the bat fauna of the New World. Traditional models considered one of the families (Vespertilionidae) to have had a North American origin, whilst the diversification of other seven families was thought to have occurred in South America. Present‐day patterns of diversity are the result, according to these hypotheses, of the mixing of faunas, mostly coinciding with the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) of the Americas. Recent research has challenged the traditional

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Johnson, J. G., and A. C. Lenz. "Eoplicoplasia, a new genus of Silurian–Lower Devonian ambocoeliid brachiopods." Journal of Paleontology 66, no. 3 (1992): 530–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000034077.

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The genus Plicoplasia Boucot, 1959 (type species P. cooperi Boucot, 1959), embraces certain Lower Devonian brachiopods of the subfamily Ambocoeliinae, family Ambocoeliidae. The geographic range of Plicoplasia includes North America (Eastern Americas Realm) and South America and South Africa (Malvinokaffric Realm).

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Rosas, Marcelo R., Ricardo A. Segovia, and Pablo C. Guerrero. "Climatic Niche Dynamics of the Astereae Lineage and Haplopappus Species Distribution following Amphitropical Long-Distance Dispersal." Plants 12, no. 14 (2023): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142721.

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The tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) displays an American Amphitropical Disjunction. To understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics associated with a long-distance dispersal event and subsequent colonization of extratropical South America, we compared the climatic and geographic distributions of South American species with their closest North American relatives, focusing on the diverse South American Astereae genus, Haplopappus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two South American genera are closely related to seven North American genera. The climatic niche overlap (D = 0.5) between South and North

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HART, PETER W. "Differences in bleaching responses from fungal- versus bacterial-derived enzymes." March 2012 11, no. 3 (2012): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.3.21.

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Several mills in North America have been successful in using xylanase enzymes expressed from Trichoderma reesei (a fungus) as part of their bleaching sequence for many years. These mills process hardwood and softwood species, with and without oxygen delignification. These mills also use three-, four-, and five-stage bleaching sequences. North American mills tend to report increased pulp brightness ceilings and decreased bleaching costs as benefits associated with the application of enzymes in the bleaching process. Laboratory testing suggests that eucalyptus pulp is highly susceptible to funga

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McDonald, H. Gregory. "Paleoecology of Extinct Xenarthrans and the Great American Biotic Interchange." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45, no. 4 (2005): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.zrar3244.

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The Xenarthra were the most successful South American mammals to participate in the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) and representatives of each family dispersed to at least the middle latitudes in North America. The ability of xenarthrans to insinuate themselves into the North American fauna suggests their ecology was sufficiently different from endemic North American taxa to avoid direct competition and sufficiently different amongst themselves to avoid competition with each other. Despite the diversity of xenarthrans in South America at the time of the interchange only one member of

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Balakirev, Evgeniy S., and Francisco J. Ayala. "Nucleotide Variation of theEst-6Gene Region in Natural Populations ofDrosophila melanogaster." Genetics 165, no. 4 (2003): 1901–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.4.1901.

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AbstractWe have investigated nucleotide polymorphism in the Est-6 gene region in four samples of Drosophila melanogaster derived from natural populations of East Africa (Zimbabwe), Europe (Spain), North America (California), and South America (Venezuela). There are two divergent sequence types in the North and South American samples, which are not perfectly (North America) or not at all (South America) associated with the Est-6 allozyme variation. Less pronounced or no sequence dimorphism occurs in the European and African samples, respectively. The level of nucleotide diversity is highest in

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Sedgwick, Mark. "The Glocalization of Esotericism." Nova Religio 26, no. 1 (2022): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2022.26.1.35.

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This article traces the history of the South American reception of the work of the esoteric philosophers René Guénon and Julius Evola, and of the Maryami Sufi Order of Frithjof Schuon, focusing on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru. It compares South American forms of Traditionalism with those found elsewhere, primarily in Europe and North America, understanding differences between these in terms of “glocalization,” the local adaptation of the global. Traditionalism in South America was most localized in its religio-political form, which was more important for the Right in South America than e

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Zhai, Changzhi, Yutian Chen, Xiaoyun Cheng, and Xunzhe Yin. "Spatiotemporal Evolution and Drivers of the Four Ionospheric Storms over the American Sector during the August 2018 Geomagnetic Storm." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (2023): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020335.

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The spatiotemporal variations and mechanisms of the ionospheric storms over the American sector during the August 2018 geomagnetic storm are investigated. One positive and one negative ionospheric storm occurred in North America and two positive storms were observed in South America. The ionosphere showed prominent hemispheric asymmetries during the four storms. The maximum VTEC (vertical total electron content) variation was more than 15 TECU during the positive storms and about −10 during the negative storm. The GUVI (Global Ultraviolet Imager) oxygen (O) to nitrogen (N2) column density rati

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Stríkis, Nicolás M., Francisco W. Cruz, Eline A. S. Barreto, et al. "South American monsoon response to iceberg discharge in the North Atlantic." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 15 (2018): 3788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717784115.

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Heinrich Stadials significantly affected tropical precipitation through changes in the interhemispheric temperature gradient as a result of abrupt cooling in the North Atlantic. Here, we focus on changes in South American monsoon precipitation during Heinrich Stadials using a suite of speleothem records covering the last 85 ky B.P. from eastern South America. We document the response of South American monsoon precipitation to episodes of extensive iceberg discharge, which is distinct from the response to the cooling episodes that precede the main phase of ice-rafted detritus deposition. Our re

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LeoGrande, William M. "North-South Visions of Central America." Latin American Research Review 40, no. 3 (2005): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2005.0056.

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Armúa-Fernández, María Teresa, Mauricio Burutarán, Valentin Bazzano, María Laura Félix, Oscar Castro, and José Manuel Venzal. "Molecular Characterization of Spirometra decipiens Complex (Eucestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) from Uruguay." Taxonomy 1, no. 3 (2021): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030021.

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This study used a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cox1 gene for the reconstruction of the interrelationship of the adult and larval stages of Spirometra obtained from Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus munoai, Canis familiaris, Didelphis albiventris and Philodryas patagoniensis in Uruguay. The phylogenetic analysis showed that they were grouped with Spirometra decipiens from the Americas with a high bootstrap support. According to recent studies, American Spirometra species split into two S. decipiens complexes. Our findings strongly suggest that S. decipiens complex 1 is widely distributed in S

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WIEGLEB, GERHARD, MICHEL DESFAYES, and ALEXANDER A. BOBROV. "Ranunculus oblitus (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a new species from South America." Phytotaxa 559, no. 2 (2022): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.2.

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Ranunculus oblitus, a new species of Ranunculus section Batrachium, is described from South America. The species is significantly different from the European laminar-leaved species R. aquatilis, and the Holarctic submerged species R. trichophyllus. It resembles the North Asian-North American species R. mongolicus differing by narrower petals, larger and fewer achenes. Available molecular data indicate affiliation to North American taxa of the R. trichophyllus group, especially R. porteri. The species occurs along the west coast of the continent from southern Peru to southern Chile, extending f

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McDaniel, Paul N. "Representation of the American South in North American Regional Geography Textbooks in the Twenty-First Century." Southeastern Geographer 65, no. 1 (2025): 4–32. https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2025.a952572.

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abstract: The American South's influence on cultural, economic, and political dynamics of the United States and broader perspectives of the South as a region continue to evolve over two decades into the twenty-first century. For instance, the southeastern US contains Sunbelt locales experiencing some of the fastest population growth in the country. Observers eagerly focus attention on local and state elections in the South as the region exerts considerable sway on the outcomes of national elections. Meanwhile, college-level regional geography courses about North America, which include coverage

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Ordoñez, M. E., S. E. Germán, and J. A. Kolmer. "Genetic Differentiation Within the Puccinia triticina Population in South America and Comparison with the North American Population Suggests Common Ancestry and Intercontinental Migration." Phytopathology® 100, no. 4 (2010): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-4-0376.

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Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most prevalent and widespread disease of wheat in South America. The objective of this study was to determine whether genetically differentiated groups of P. triticina are currently present in South America and to compare the South American population with the previously characterized population in North America. In total, 130 isolates of P. triticina from the wheat-growing regions of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay, mostly from the 1990s to 2008, were tested for virulence on 20 lines of wheat with single genes for leaf rust resistanc

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Berger, Mark T. "“From Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization”: (North) American Historians, Spanish Conquistadores, and the Fate of the Amerindians in the New World, 1840s–1960s." Journal of History 59, no. 1 (2024): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jh-2022-0138.

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This article looks at the (North) American historiography on Spanish America with a particular focus on the fate of the Amerindians from the 1840s to the early 1960s. For over a century, (North) American historians routinely romanticized the Spanish conquest, while also routinely scorning the indigenous population (as well as mestizos and blacks), and embracing the rising pseudo-scientific Anglo-Saxon racism of the day. Down to the 1960s, (North) American historians by and large viewed Amerindians as savages and barbarians, while they interpreted the history of the Spanish conquistadores and t

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Somoza, Rubén. "The Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic field in North America: a South American perspective." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 11 (2011): 1483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-051.

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Determining the Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic pole for North America has been difficult because of the lack of suitable rocks of that age in cratonic areas to provide the necessary data. As an alternative, different studies have appealed to paleomagnetic data from rocks in western North America. Using paleopoles from stable areas in neighboring continents, it is suggested that the available Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic record in western North America should be analyzed in terms of rigid body deformations rather than be used to represent the cratonic reference field.

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Pasnoor, Mamatha, Osvaldo J. M. Nascimento, Jaya Trivedi, et al. "North America and South America (NA-SA) neuropathy project." International Journal of Neuroscience 123, no. 8 (2013): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2013.782026.

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Molineri, Carlos, Oscar Ascuntar-Osnas, María del Carmen Zúñiga, and Blanca Cecilia Ramos. "Phylogenetic biogeography of Leptohyphes (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 53, no. 1 (2021): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-bja10023.

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Abstract Leptohyphes Eaton is one of the most species-rich American genera in Ephemeroptera, with 45 valid species distributed from south-central USA to Patagonia. Most species are distributed in central and northern Andes. Nymphs are frequent and abundant in mountain streams. We present a parsimony-based morphological phylogeny for the genus. Specific geographic records were studied using Hovenkamp’s protocol (barrier biogeography). Leptohyphes was recovered as a monophyletic group. The most ancient disjunction found in Leptohyphes separated Tepui-area from the rest of the Americas. Other int

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Ruiz-García, Manuel, Myreya Pinedo-Castro, and Joseph Mark Shostell. "Comparative phylogeography among eight Neotropical wild cat species: no single evolutionary pattern." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 135, no. 4 (2022): 754–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab170.

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Abstract The felid species of South America are thought to have arrived on the continent during the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) in the Pleistocene. However, molecular and palaeontological data do not agree on how this event affected speciation in felids. Here, we determine both the number of colonization events and the period when felines first migrated from North America to South America. In addition, we evaluate whether similar evolutionary events could have affected the eight Neotropical cat species in their levels of genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and demographic

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Baigún, Claudio Rafael Mariano, John Michael Nestler, Norberto Oscar Oldani, R. Andrew Goodwin, and Larry J. Weber. "Can north american fish passage tools work for South american migratory fishes?" Neotropical Ichthyology 5, no. 2 (2007): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252007000200004.

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In North America, the Numerical Fish Surrogate (NFS) is used to design fish bypass systems for emigrating juvenile salmon as they migrate from hatchery outfalls and rearing habitats to adult habitat in the oceans. The NFS is constructed of three linked modules: 1) a computational fluid dynamics model describes the complex flow fields upstream of dams at a scale sufficiently resolved to analyze, understand and forecast fish movement, 2) a particle tracking model interpolates hydraulic information from the fixed nodes of the computational fluid model mesh to multiple locations relevant to migrat

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MYLLYS, Leena, Saara VELMALA, Raquel PINO-BODAS, and Trevor GOWARD. "New species in Bryoria (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) from north-west North America." Lichenologist 48, no. 5 (2016): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282916000268.

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AbstractTwo new species of Bryoria are described based on morphology, chemistry and molecular phylogeny (ITS and Mcm7). Both species belong in section Bryoria, which was resolved as a polyphyletic group in the ITS+Mcm7 phylogeny. Bryoria alaskana belongs to a clade restricted to South-East Asia and north-west North America, and is so far known from south-east Alaska and the Sino-Himalayan Mountains. This highly variable species is most reliably recognized by its pendent, esorediate thallus, its production of fumarprotocetraric acid, and the combination of isotomic branching, abundant, whitish,

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Mazzuca, Sebastián. "Critical juncture and legacies: state formation and economic performance in Latin America." Qualitative & Multi-Method Research 15, no. 1 (2017): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1145421.

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In South America, income per capita, the standard measure of material prosperity, is five times larger than in tropical Africa but five times smaller than in the advanced economies of the North Atlantic. If we applied the distinction that economists usually draw between geography and politics—as opposite fundamental factors of long-run development—a simple but powerful picture about the division of the causal labor would emerge. Geography would explain why South American economies are ahead of the African ones, whereas politics would explain why they are behind those of the United

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Vincelette, Alan. "The Characteristics, Distribution, Function, and Origin of Alternative Lateral Horse Gaits." Animals 13, no. 16 (2023): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13162557.

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This article traces the characteristics, origin, distribution, and function of alternative lateral horse gaits, i.e., intermediate speed lateral-sequence gaits. Such alternative lateral gaits (running walk, rack, broken pace, hard pace, and broken trot) are prized by equestrians today for their comfort and have been found in select horse breeds for hundreds of years and even exhibited in fossil equid trackways. After exploring the evolution and development of alternative lateral gaits via fossil equid trackways, human art, and historical writings, the functional and genetic factors that led to

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Daniels, David D. "Future of North American Pentecostalism." Pneuma 42, no. 3-4 (2020): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-bja10024.

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Abstract This essay proposes first to chart the future of the pentecostal-charismatic movement in North America in terms of demographers’ projection of the movement’s numerical growth and other factors. Demographic growth is related to the continual arrival, in the near future, of pentecostal-charismatic Christians, other Christians, and potential converts to North America by way of diasporas mostly associated with the Global South. Second, within North America, these diasporas will continue to form transnational pentecostal-charismatic denominations with their international headquarters locat

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Gutiérrez-Guerrero, Yocelyn T., Megan Phifer-Rixey, and Michael W. Nachman. "Across two continents: The genomic basis of environmental adaptation in house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) from the Americas." PLOS Genetics 20, no. 7 (2024): e1011036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011036.

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Replicated clines across environmental gradients can be strong evidence of adaptation. House mice (Mus musculus domesticus) were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers and are now widely distributed from Tierra del Fuego to Alaska. Multiple aspects of climate, such as temperature, vary predictably across latitude in the Americas. Past studies of North American populations across latitudinal gradients provided evidence of environmental adaptation in traits related to body size, metabolism, and behavior and identified candidate genes using selection scans. Here, we investigate genomic

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Chen, Junming, Ping Zhao, Song Yang, Ge Liu, and Xiuji Zhou. "Simulation and Dynamical Prediction of the Summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation and Associated Climate Anomalies by the NCEP CFSv2." Journal of Climate 26, no. 11 (2013): 3644–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00368.1.

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Abstract The Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO) is a dominant teleconnection pattern linking the climate anomalies over Asia, the North Pacific, and other regions including North America. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) successfully simulates many summer-mean features of the upper-tropospheric temperature, the South Asian high, the westerly and easterly jet streams, and the regional monsoons over Asia and Africa. It also well simulates the interannual variability of the APO and associated anomalies in atmospheric circulation, prec

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Carolini, Gabriella Y. "Go South, Young Planner, Go South!" Journal of Planning Education and Research 40, no. 1 (2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x18754317.

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This commentary calls for the deeper institutionalization of urban experiences in the global South into PAB-accredited planning programs in North America. While international “development” planning has been effectively questioned by the rise of the BRICS, transnational planning practice, and recent research emphasizing a relational accounting of international urban development, I urge that development studies—and critiques therein—remain an important backdrop to international planning education for one key reason. Knowledge of development’s trajectory as an idea and as a problematized practice

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Lopes, Lucas Casagrande Passoni. "Colorectal Cancer Mortality Across the American Continent: Temporal Trends." Journal of Coloproctology 45, no. 02 (2025): e1-e7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1809671.

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AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Understanding temporal trends in CRC mortality is crucial for guiding public health policies and resource allocation.To evaluate the temporal trends of CRC mortality rates across the American continent.This retrospective, population-based study used data from the Pan American Health Organization for its development. Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 individuals were collected for the period 2000–2019 and stratified by country and sex. Joinpoint regression analysis was conduc

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Luo, Binhe, Dehai Luo, Aiguo Dai, I. Simmonds, and Lixin Wu. "Combined Influences on North American Winter Air Temperature Variability from North Pacific Blocking and the North Atlantic Oscillation: Subseasonal and Interannual Time Scales." Journal of Climate 33, no. 16 (2020): 7101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0327.1.

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AbstractWinter surface air temperature (SAT) over North America exhibits pronounced variability on subseasonal, interannual, decadal, and interdecadal time scales. Here, reanalysis data from 1950–2017 are analyzed to investigate the atmospheric and surface ocean conditions associated with its subseasonal to interannual variability. Detrended daily SAT data reveal a known warm west/cold east (WWCE) dipole over midlatitude North America and a cold north/warm south (CNWS) dipole over eastern North America. It is found that while the North Pacific blocking (PB) is important for the WWCE and CNWS d

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