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Journal articles on the topic 'North Central Province (Sri Lanka)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Weerawardena, WAK, PDJ Edirisooriya, IJ Piyadasa, et al. "Late presentation of breast carcinoma at North Central Province of Sri Lanka." Anuradhapura Medical Journal 6, no. 1 (2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/amj.v6i1.5760.

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WIMALARATANA, WIJITAPURE. "Promotion of Cultural Tourism in Sri Lanka with Special Reference to the North Central Province." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 217 (July 1, 2013): 15–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2013.217.01.

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Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean located to the south of India and separated from Indian subcontinent by a small straight. The island has been one of the major tourist attractions since antiquity. End of the protracted civil war is a blessing for the recent surge of tourist arrival and the rapid expansion of tourism facilities on the island. Although small, the island is rich in religious and cultural diversity with an immense attraction to the tourist. Buddhism is the main religion of the overwhelming majority of people even though Hinduism, Christianity and Islam are practiced side by side by several followers. The rich cultural heritage rotating around the religious practices, tolerance and beliefs ranges from historical monuments and ancient cities through meditation, yoga, folk music and dances, festivities, ceremonies and rituals. Special sites with multi-religious attractions reflect the diversity and uniqueness of a rich culture. North Central province is rich in religious and cultural resources than any other province in Sri Lanka. Only a small fraction of these vast resources has been utilized by the tourism industry so far. The promotion of the religious and cultural tourism products in the province will open new avenues for tourists as well as many people of the province.

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3

Dassanayake, Rajeewa. "Kidney diseases in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: beyond the aetiology." Sri Lanka Journal of Medicine 25, no. 1 (2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljm.v25i1.15.

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4

Perera, Nadeeka, Manjula Magamage, Aruna Kumara, et al. "Fall Armyworm (FAW) Epidemic in Sri Lanka: Ratnapura District Perspectives." International Journal of Entomological Research 7, no. 1 (2019): 09–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/entomol.007.01.2887.

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A recent outbreak of FAW (Spodoptera frugiperda) caused a substantial yield loss in corn was recorded in Sri Lanka especially from Uva, Eastern and North Central provinces. This was first reported in Sri Lanka in August 2018 and over the last six months, the livelihood of the majority of small-scale farming families was greatly affected. National mobilization of resources, agriculture related institutions together with university academia actively participated with the government campaign of combating the pest and improving the livelihood of affected people all over the country. The effort of this short communication is to describe the magnitude of FAW infestation, its implications in Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka and the contribution of the inter-institutional support towards the sustainable management of the Fall ArmyWorm epidemic in Sri Lanka. Amount of land extent used for corn cultivation in Ratnapura district was estimated as 292.65ha, while 32.95 ha were infected with the pest (11.3%). Highest provincial land extent use for corn in Sri Lanka was Uva province where considerable pest damage has been reported. In Uva, total 42436.7 ha were cultivated in maha season where 30998.3 ha has infected and destroyed (73%). Even though corn was cultivated in lower land extent in Ratnapura, effective and organized disaster management response in Ratnapura was able to minimize the pest impact to 11.3% from total losses.

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Wanigasuriya, Kamani P., Roshini J. Peiris-John, Rajitha Wickremasinghe, and Ariyasena Hittarage. "Chronic renal failure in North Central Province of Sri Lanka: an environmentally induced disease." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 101, no. 10 (2007): 1013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.05.006.

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6

Napagoda, Mayuri Tharanga, Thamudi Sundarapperuma, Diroshi Fonseka, Sachinthi Amarasiri, and Prabath Gunaratna. "Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants in Polonnaruwa District in North Central Province of Sri Lanka." Scientifica 2019 (May 28, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9737302.

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Sri Lanka harbors over 3000 plant species, and most of these plants have been of immense importance in the traditional systems of medicine in the country. Although there is a rich reserve of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants, in-depth studies have not been pursued yet to compile the ethnoflora with traditional medicinal applications for the scientific community. Thus, as a continuation of our ethnobotanical inventory work in different regions in the country, the present study was carried out in one of the administrative districts in the North Central area of Sri Lanka known as Polonnaruwa district. The information on the significance of medicinal plants as curative and preventive agents of diseases was collected through semistructured and open-ended interviews from 284 volunteers who were randomly recruited for the study. Ethnobotanical data were analyzed using relative frequency of citation (RFC), family importance value (FIV), and use value (UV). Out of the total participants, 53.7% claimed the use of herbal remedies. A total of 64 medicinal plants belonging to 42 plant families were recorded, out of which Coriandrum sativum L. (RFC = 0.163) was the most cited species. Out of the 42 plant families recorded, the FIV was highest in Zingiberaceae. Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr. was found as the plant with the highest use value. Furthermore, the majority of the nonusers of the herbal remedies were willing to adopt herbal products upon the scientific validation of their therapeutic potential. This study revealed that the indigenous herbal remedies are still popular among the local communities in the study area.

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Sørensen, Jane Brandt, Thilde Rheinländer, Birgitte Refslund Sørensen, et al. "An investigation into the role of alcohol in self-harm in rural Sri Lanka: a protocol for a multimethod, qualitative study." BMJ Open 4, no. 10 (2014): e005860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005860.

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IntroductionSri Lanka has one of the highest suicide and self-harm rates in the world and although alcohol has been found to be a risk factor for self-harm in Sri Lanka, we know little about the connection between the two. This paper comprises a protocol for a qualitative study investigating alcohol's role in self-harm in rural Sri Lanka at three levels: the individual, community and policy level. The analysis will bring new understanding of the link between alcohol and self-harm in Sri Lanka, drawing on structural, cultural and social concepts. It will equip researchers, health systems and policy makers with vital information for developing strategies to address alcohol-related problems as they relate to self-harm.Methods and analysisTo capture the complexity of the link between alcohol and self-harm in the Anuradhapura district in the North Central Province in Sri Lanka, qualitative methods will be utilised. Specifically, the data will consist of serial narrative life-story interviews with up to 20 individuals who have non-fatally self-harmed and where alcohol directly or indirectly was involved in the incidence as well as with their significant others; observations in communities and families; six focus group discussions with community members; and key-informant interviews with 15–25 stakeholders who have a stake in alcohol distribution, marketing, policies, prevention and treatment as they relate to self-harm.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the Ethical Review Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. A sensitive data collection technique will be used and ethical issues will be considered throughout the study.ResultsThe results will be disseminated in scientific peer-reviewed articles in collaboration with Sri Lankan and other international research partners.

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8

Indika, Suresh, Yuansong Wei, Dazhou Hu, et al. "Evaluation of Performance of Existing RO Drinking Water Stations in the North Central Province, Sri Lanka." Membranes 11, no. 6 (2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11060383.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) drinking water stations have been introduced to provide safe drinking water for areas with prevailing chronic kidney disease with unknown (CKDu) etiology in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. In this investigation, RO drinking water stations established by community-based organizations (CBO) in the North Central Province (NCP) were examined. Water samples were collected from source, permeate, and concentrate in each station to determine water quality and performance. Furthermore, the operators of the systems were interviewed to evaluate operational and maintenance practices to identify major issues related to the RO systems. Results show that the majority (>93%) of RO systems had higher salt rejection rates (>92%), while water recovery varied from 19.4% to 64%. The removal efficiencies of hardness and alkalinity were averaged at 95.8% and 86.6%, respectively. Most dominant ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Ba2+, Sr2+ Cl−, F−, and SO42− showed higher rejections at averaged values of 93.5%, 97.4%, 86.6%, 90.8%, 95.4%, 96.3%, 95.7%, 96.6%, and 99.0%, respectively. Low recovery rates, lower fluoride levels in product water, and membrane fouling were the main challenges. Lack of knowledge and training were the major issues that could shorten the lifespan of RO systems.

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9

WIMALARATANA, WIJITAPURE. "Promotion of Cultural Tourism in Sri Lanka with Special Reference to the North Central Province." Journal of Economics Development 217 (July 1, 2013): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jed/2013.217.01.

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10

De Zoysa, Heethaka Krishantha Sameera, Dilum Prabath Samarasinghe, Duminda S. B. Dissanayake, Supun Mindika Wellappuliarachi, and Sriyani Wickramasinghe. "Range extension of Oziothelphusa mineriyaensis Bott, 1970 (Decapoda, Gecarcinucidae) in North Central Province, Sri Lanka." Check List 13, no. 5 (2017): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/13.5.443.

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11

Chandrakumara, DPS. "Human capital formation within families: a study in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences 33, no. 1-2 (2013): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljss.v33i1-2.5458.

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12

Ediriweera, Dileepa Senajith, Anuradhani Kasthuriratne, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, et al. "Evaluating spatiotemporal dynamics of snakebite in Sri Lanka: Monthly incidence mapping from a national representative survey sample." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 6 (2021): e0009447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009447.

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Background Snakebite incidence shows both spatial and temporal variation. However, no study has evaluated spatiotemporal patterns of snakebites across a country or region in detail. We used a nationally representative population sample to evaluate spatiotemporal patterns of snakebite in Sri Lanka. Methodology We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey representing all nine provinces of Sri Lanka. We interviewed 165 665 people (0.8% of the national population), and snakebite events reported by the respondents were recorded. Sri Lanka is an agricultural country; its central, southern and western parts receive rain mainly from Southwest monsoon (May to September) and northern and eastern parts receive rain mainly from Northeast monsoon (November to February). We developed spatiotemporal models using multivariate Poisson process modelling to explain monthly snakebite and envenoming incidences in the country. These models were developed at the provincial level to explain local spatiotemporal patterns. Principal findings Snakebites and envenomings showed clear spatiotemporal patterns. Snakebite hotspots were found in North-Central, North-West, South-West and Eastern Sri Lanka. They exhibited biannual seasonal patterns except in South-Western inlands, which showed triannual seasonality. Envenoming hotspots were confined to North-Central, East and South-West parts of the country. Hotspots in North-Central regions showed triannual seasonal patterns and South-West regions had annual patterns. Hotspots remained persistent throughout the year in Eastern regions. The overall monthly snakebite and envenoming incidences in Sri Lanka were 39 (95%CI: 38–40) and 19 (95%CI: 13–30) per 100 000, respectively, translating into 110 000 (95%CI: 107 500–112 500) snakebites and 45 000 (95%CI: 32 000–73 000) envenomings in a calendar year. Conclusions/significance This study provides information on community-based monthly incidence of snakebites and envenomings over the whole country. Thus, it provides useful insights into healthcare decision-making, such as, prioritizing locations to establish specialized centres for snakebite management and allocating resources based on risk assessments which take into account both location and season.

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13

Dayasiri, M. B. Kavinda Chandimal, Shaluka F. Jayamanne, and Chamilka Y. Jayasinghe. "Kerosene Oil Poisoning among Children in Rural Sri Lanka." International Journal of Pediatrics 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8798610.

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Introduction. Kerosene oil poisoning is one of common presentations to emergency departments among children in rural territories of developing countries. This study aimed to describe clinical manifestations, reasons for delayed presentations, harmful first aid practices, complications, and risk factors related to kerosene oil poisoning among children in rural Sri Lanka. Methods. This multicenter study was conducted in North-Central province of Sri Lanka involving all in-patient children with acute kerosene oil poisoning. Data were collected over seven years from thirty-six hospitals in the province. Data collection was done by pretested, multistructured questionnaires and a qualitative study. Results. Male children accounted for 189 (60.4%) while 283 (93%) children were below five years. The majority of parents belonged to farming community. Most children ingested kerosene oil in home kitchen. Mortality rate was 0.3%. Lack of transport facilities and financial resources were common reasons for delayed management. Hospital transfer rate was 65.5%. Thirty percent of caregivers practiced harmful first aid measures. Commonest complication was chemical pneumonitis. Strongest risk factors for kerosene oil poisoning were unsafe storage, inadequate supervision, and inadequate house space. Conclusions. Effect of safe storage and community education in reducing the burden of kerosene oil poisoning should be evaluated. Since many risk factors interact to bring about the event of poisoning in a child, holistic approaches to community education in rural settings are recommended.

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14

de Silva, M. W. Amarasiri, and Steven M. Albert. "Kidney Disease, Health, and Commodification of Drinking Water: An Anthropological Inquiry into the Introduction of Reverse Osmosis Water in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka." Human Organization 80, no. 2 (2021): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.140.

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In response to evidence suggesting that polluted drinking water is a risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka, the government introduced reverse osmosis (RO) water as an alternative form of drinking water in the North Central Province (NCP) between 2010 and 2016. We examine whether CKDu prevalence and disease progression have been reduced as a result of the introduction of RO water and behavioral changes and how villagers perceive the changes.

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15

Jinadasa, BKKK, MM Subasinghe, K. Thayalan, I. Wickramasinghe, and MSW De Silva. "Trace Metal Contents in Muscle Tissues of Inland Fish Species in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka." Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences) 42, no. 2 (2014): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v42i2.6611.

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16

Wickremasinghe, AR, RJ Peiris-John, and KP Wanigasuriya. "Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: trying to unravel the mystery." Ceylon Medical Journal 56, no. 4 (2011): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v56i4.3891.

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17

Paranage, Kavindra. "Constructing the ‘legalities’ of encroachments in dam, canal, and stream reservations in the north-central province of Sri Lanka." Development Studies Research 5, no. 1 (2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2018.1470545.

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18

Gunatilake, Sarath, Stephanie Seneff, and Laura Orlando. "Glyphosate’s Synergistic Toxicity in Combination with Other Factors as a Cause of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Origin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (2019): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152734.

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Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a global epidemic. Sri Lanka has experienced a doubling of the disease every 4 or 5 years since it was first identified in the North Central province in the mid-1990s. The disease primarily affects people in agricultural regions who are missing the commonly known risk factors for CKD. Sri Lanka is not alone: health workers have reported prevalence of CKDu in Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. A global search for the cause of CKDu has not identified a single factor, but rather many factors that may contribute to the etiology of the disease. Some of these factors include heat stroke leading to dehydration, toxic metals such as cadmium and arsenic, fluoride, low selenium, toxigenic cyanobacteria, nutritionally deficient diet and mycotoxins from mold exposure. Furthermore, exposure to agrichemicals, particularly glyphosate and paraquat, are likely compounding factors, and may be the primary factors. Here, we argue that glyphosate in particular is working synergistically with most of the other factors to increase toxic effects. We propose, further, that glyphosate causes insidious harm through its action as an amino acid analogue of glycine, and that this interferes with natural protective mechanisms against other exposures. Glyphosate’s synergistic health effects in combination with exposure to other pollutants, in particular paraquat, and physical labor in the ubiquitous high temperatures of lowland tropical regions, could result in renal damage consistent with CKDu in Sri Lanka.

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de Silva, M. W. Amarasiri. "Drinking Water and CKD of Unknown Etiology in Sri Lanka: A Community Perspective." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 76, Suppl. 1 (2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515018.

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People’s belief that polluted drinking water is the principal medium through which environmental toxins are absorbed into the bodies of CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) patients in the CKDu-endemic areas in Sri Lanka has been the subject of extensive epidemiological and medical research. This study examines (a) the people’s perception and experience that polluted drinking water is the cause of CKDu, (b) how the government responded to people’s demands for potable water, and (c) the impact of the use of alternative drinking water sources on the health of CKDu patients and their families, and on the progression of the disease in CKDu patients. Data were collected in 2013 and 2019 in Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts in North Central Province of Sri Lanka. People’s agitation, activism, and lobbying, together with the media’s work in bringing the issue of polluted water to the forefront of political discourse, have prompted the government, private sector agencies, and community organizations to supply clean water to affected communities. A massive change in drinking water behaviors has occurred following the government’s decision to supply reverse osmosis (RO) water to the affected communities. Informants perceived the provision of RO water as having brought about many positive outcomes in the health and disease progression of CKDu patients.

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20

Chathuranga, Dilan, Harith S. Manathunga, Sumali K. Gunasekara, Kithsiri B. Jayasekara, and Ashoka Sanjeewani. "Compliance and adherence to drug treatment on patients with chronic kidney disease in high prevalence areas of North Central Province, Sri Lanka." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 7 (2021): 3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212571.

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Background: Chronic kidney disease that cannot be explained by traditional factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus is called chronic kidney disease unexplained etiology. With limited evidence on the success of interventions in enhancing medication adherence, this study was designed to test patient compliance and adherence on taking medication in North Central Province in Sri Lanka.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a selected area of NCP to identify compliance, adherence. Data was collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire by visiting patients at their own residences.Results: A total of 200 people participated in this study. 92.5% of the population was involved in agriculture and 63% worked more than 1 acre of farmland. Among the selected population (74%) were not educated about the side effects of medication. 60.5% had missed taking their medicines during the prescribed time period. The entire population of the study was selected among patients having a monthly income of less than 15,000 Sri Lankan rupees. There was a statistically significant association in missing doses with land extent, patient’s income and stages of the disease.Conclusions: Non adherence and compliance to the medication is common in patients that worked in largely extended lands, were in late stages of the disease and had reduced income. Compliance and Adherence to the medication can be enhanced by proper counseling and improving patient’s knowledge about their medication.

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Wanigasuriya, K. "Aetiological factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: A review of evidence to-date." Journal of the College of Community Physicians of Sri Lanka 17, no. 1 (2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jccpsl.v17i1.4931.

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Perera, W. P. R. T., M. D. N. R. Dayananda, D. M. U. C. Dissanayake, et al. "Risk Assessment of Trace Element Contamination in Drinking Water and Agricultural Soil: A Study in Selected Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) Endemic Areas in Sri Lanka." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627254.

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Unexplained or unclear etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKDu) has been reported in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province (NCP) for more than two decades. Meanwhile, high exposure to heavy metals/metalloids and their accumulation are recognized as the origin of many acute and chronic diseases in certain vulnerable human tissues including kidneys. This study evaluates the contamination status of heavy metals/metalloids of the drinking water and agricultural soil in two CKDu endemic areas compared with a reference area in Sri Lanka based on common indexes and attribute of the commonly used fertilizers evaluated to identify the basic sources of toxic metals in the agricultural soil. Mean concentrations of heavy metals/metalloids such as Mn, Co, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Fe in drinking water of CKDu endemic areas were far below Sri Lankan water quality standards (permissible limits). In addition, all sampling locations dropped below the medium range of the heavy metal pollution index of water (HPI 15–40). Geoaccumulation indexes (Igeo) of soil reveal that paddy soil in CKDu endemic areas is being moderately polluted with toxic metals/metalloids such as As, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Cd. On the other hand, the application of fertilizers, which contained a high dose of toxic metals, could be the driving force for agricultural soil pollution, and limitless application of low-quality fertilizer would lead to more soil contamination with heavy metals. Hence, hazardous metals can be incorporated into the food chains via contaminated paddy soil.

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HMDN, Somathilake, and Pathirawasam C. "The Effect of Financial Management Practices on Performance of SMEs in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 05 (2020): 1789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i05.em05.

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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in every developing country contributing to the growth of the economy in many ways. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of financial management practices on performance of SMEs in Sri Lanka: Special Reference to North Central Province (NCP). Working capital management practices, Investment appraisal practices, Capital structure management practices, financial reporting & analysis practices and Accounting information system practices were identified as independent variables and Performance of SMEs was identified as the dependent variable of this study. All SMEs (nearly 2000 SMEs) operating in NCP during the year 2019 was identified as the population of this study. Out of that, 322 SMEs were selected as the sample based on disproportionate stratified random sampling method and final sample was 245 manufacturing, service and trade SMEs operating in NCP. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed among SMEs functioning in NCP. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data using the SPSS package. Results of the study revealed that there is a positive effect of financial management practices on performance of SMEs. Among financial management practices, working capital management practices and capital structure management practices have a significant positive effect on SMEs performance. Keywords: Capital structure, Financial Management, Performance, Small and Medium Enterprises, Sri Lanka, Working capital.

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Nanayakkara, Shanika, Toshiyuki Komiya, Neelakanthi Ratnatunga, et al. "Tubulointerstitial damage as the major pathological lesion in endemic chronic kidney disease among farmers in North Central Province of Sri Lanka." Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 17, no. 3 (2011): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12199-011-0243-9.

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Dharmaratne, Ranjith W. "Fluoride in drinking water and diet: the causative factor of chronic kidney diseases in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka." Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 20, no. 4 (2015): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12199-015-0464-4.

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Brow, James. "Utopia's New-Found Space: Images of the Village Community in the Early Writings of Ananda Coomaraswamy." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 1 (1999): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x9900308x.

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‘The influence of William Morris, even here.’Stephen Potter, One-UpmanshipIntroductionIn 1978 the village of Kukulewa, in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon), was selected for development under the Gam Udava (Village Awakening) program launched by the recently elected UNP (United National Party) government. Five years later, in 1983, I spent nine months in Kukulewa, studying the changes that had taken place since I had first done ethnographic research there from 1968 to 1970. As I examined the local impact of the Village Awakening project, in the broader context of escalating ethnic violence, I was repeatedly struck by the official priority given to the task of revitalizing the village community, not just in programs of rural development, but in the discourse of Sinhala nationalism more generally (Brow 1988, 1990a, 1990b, 1992, 1996; cf. Moore 1989, 1992; Woost 1993, 1994).

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27

Weerasooriya, G. V. T. V., D. N. Jayatissa, and M. Rambanda. "Practical field test on newly designed burial type lowland power cultivator for effective weed control in North-Central province of Sri Lanka." Tropical Agricultural Research 28, no. 1 (2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v28i1.8187.

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Ihalahewage, Nayana, W. M. S. Fernando, and A. A. S. De Silva Weliange. "Health promotion approach to reduce unintentional home injuries of young children in rural villages in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health 47, no. 1 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v47i1.8427.

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29

Punyawardena, B. V. R., R. P. De Silva, and S. Nijananthy. "INFLUENCE OF EL NINO/LA NINA EPISODES ON THE RAINFALL REGIME OF THE DL REGION OF THE NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE OF SRI LANKA." Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 32, no. 3-4 (2004): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v32i3-4.2434.

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30

Marasinghe, M. S. L. R. P., N. D. K. Dayawansa, and R. P. De Silva. "Seasonal changes in home range and habitat use of elephants in Southern and north-central provinces of Sri Lanka." Tropical Agricultural Research 26, no. 2 (2015): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v26i2.8089.

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31

Jayasumana, M. T. L. K., D. M. U. N. K. Dunuwila, P. G. A. S. Palkumbura, et al. "Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle lungs from two abattoirs in Western and North Central provinces of Sri Lanka." Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 49, no. 1 (2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v49i1.9873.

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32

Wijesuriya, Wasana, D. M. A. P. Dissanayake, H. M. L. K. Herath, et al. "Use of rainfall patterns for effective management of rubber plantations in Eastern, North Central and Northern provinces of Sri Lanka." Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka 93 (December 30, 2013): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v93i0.1868.

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Withanage, W. K. N. C. "Urban-Rural Interactions and Role of Planned Small Townships in North Central Province, Sri Lanka: An Empirical Investigation of Urban Functions for Rural Development Approach." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Review 3, no. 3 (2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jsshr.v3i3.12.

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Madhusanka, J. D. T. "Impact of celebrity endorsement on consumer buying behaviour in beauty soap industry (With special reference to the consumers in North Central Province in Sri Lanka)." Kelaniya Journal of Management 6, no. 1 (2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/kjm.v6i1.7526.

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Pushpakumara, P. H. G. J., W. A. J. C. Chandrakumara, A. C. M. Gunasekara, and S. B. Agampodi. "Exploration of the association between contact history, socio-cultural factors and acute deliberate self-poisoning in North Central province of Sri Lanka: a case-control study." Anuradhapura Medical Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/amj.v13i1.7660.

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Ranasinghe, A., P. Kumara, R. Karunarathna, et al. "SUN-241 THE TREND IN THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE OF UNCERTAIN ORIGIN (CKDu) AFFECTED NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE OF SRI LANKA." Kidney International Reports 4, no. 7 (2019): S259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.646.

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Nanayakkara, Shanika, S. T. M. L. D. Senevirathna, Upul Karunaratne, et al. "Evidence of tubular damage in the very early stage of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study." Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 17, no. 2 (2011): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12199-011-0224-z.

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Bandara, D., and A. Ekanayake. "Mediating effect of risk management practices on the relationship between owner's risk attitude and business performance of small and medium enterprises: evidence from north central province of Sri Lanka." International Journal of Accounting and Business Finance 6, no. 1 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ijabf.v6i1.51.

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Hugh C Harries. "ON THE COMMON ORIGIN OF SOUTHEAST ASIA OF PHYTOPLASMA ASSOCIATED DISEASES OF COCONUT." CORD 14, no. 01 (1998): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v14i01.314.

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The association of phytoplasma with two wilt diseases of coconut in Indonesia might be seen as a threat to the Asian and Pacific regions because epidemic phytoplasma diseases of coconut in America and Africa arc spreading out of control. Yet research has already suggested that these diseases originated in the Far East where resist varieties can bc found. Recently, a workshop was held to assess lethal diseases of coconuts caused by phytoplasmas and their importance in southeast Asia. The workshop took place in Manado, North Sulawesi , Indonesia on 16‑17 February 1998 and the full proceedings will be published separately. The participants beard about the situation of coconut development and the unpact of etiology of coconut wilt diseases in Indonesia. As 95% of coconuts in Indonesia are grown by small farmers the workshop was also informed of the impact of coconut diseases on small farmers. Specific reports were made on the history and status of Natuna wilt disease and the distribution of epiderniology of Kahmantan wilt diseasc. These have both been associated writh phytoplasma. Other reports were made on the development of coconut wilt discase in Kotawaringin, Timur District, Central Kalimantan Province and on the history and status of yellow disease of coconut palm in Central Sulawesi, for which no causal agents have yet been identified. Intemational representatives also spoke about root (wilt) and Tatipakka diseases of coconut in India and declffie diseases of coconut in Sri Lanka that have not been associated with phytoplasma and on lethal diseases in America and Africa that arc associated with phytoplasma. The history and biology of phytoplasmas as plant pathogens and diagnostic methods for coconut diseases; were explained in a session on the pathogen. Safe germplasm movernent for scientific purposes of conservation and exchange was dealt with and, for fanners and extension agents, the practical application of resistant local coconut varieties for replanting was advised.

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Agampodi, Thilini C., Suneth B. Agampodi, Nick Glozier, T. A. Lelwala, K. D. P. S. Sirisena, and Sisira Siribaddana. "Development and validation of the Social Capital Assessment Tool in pregnancy for Maternal Health in Low and middle income countries (LSCAT-MH)." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (2019): e027781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027781.

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ObjectivesSocial capital which implies ‘features of social organisation, such as trust, norms and networks that can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions’ is rarely assessed in relation to maternal health in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). A main reason for this research gap could be the unavailability of a specific tool to measure social capital in pregnancy. The study developed and validated an instrument to measure social capital among pregnant women.SettingWe developed the tool based on World Bank Social Capital Assessment Tool and its adaptations identified as applicable to LMIC from an initial systematic review. The study was conducted in Anuradhapura district in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. Validation process was conducted in urban, rural and resettled communities.ParticipantsStudy participants of the cognitive validation included pregnant women from the three communities, and an expert panel including a social scientist, methodological expert, subject expert, public health officers. The psychometric validation was performed on 439 pregnant women permanently residing in the three communities.ResultsThe 24-item Low and middle income countries Social Capital Assessment Tool for Maternal Health (LSCAT-MH) demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.94). Factor analytical methods suggested a four-factor model of (1) neighbourhood networks (structural bonding), (2) domestic and neighbourhood cohesion (cognitive bonding), (3) social contribution and (4) social participation (structural bridging). Concurrent validity with antenatal mental ill health was confirmed through a negative correlation with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Test–retest reliability was high with intraclass correlation of 0.71 and a Pearson correlation of 0.83.ConclusionThe LSCAT-MH is a psychometrically valid and reliable tool to measure social capital in pregnancy. Predictive validity was not tested as the study was not a longitudinal follow-up.

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Long, Pham Van, Gaston Giuliani, Anthony E. Fallick, Andrian J. Boyce, and Vincent Pardieu. "Trace elements and oxygen isotopes of gem spinels in marble from the Luc Yen - An Phu areas, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 2 (2018): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/2/12241.

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Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen isotopic composition of pink, red and other colored spinels (blue, purple, brown, orange, lavender) hosted by marbles and found in placers from Luc Yen and An Phu deposits, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam. The deposits are those from Nuoc Ngap, Cong Troi, Bai Son and different placers from the An Phu area. Trace elements such as Fe-Zn-Cr-V in red and pink gem spinels permit to separate those from Cong Troi and those from the others deposits of the An Phu area. Spinels from Cong Troi have low to extremely low Zn (< 500 ppm) and high Fe contents (3,000 to 16,000 ppm) while those from An Phu area are Zn-rich (up to 11,000 ppm). Iron is the dominant element for the other colored spinels whereas Zn, Cr and V contents are extremely variable. The Bai Son blue spinel is Fe-rich (5,000 to 7,200 ppm) with some V (950 to 1,830 ppm), Cr (270 to 480 ppm), Co (240 to 400 ppm) and Ni (550 to 950 ppm). The O-isotope composition of the whole spinels ranges between 12.1 and 24.2‰ (n = 25). Within each deposit, the range of δ18O values for red, pink and colored spinels is usually similar. However, the red and pink spinels from An Phu present two distinct sets of δ18O values, respectively between 13.2 to 17.0‰ (n = 7) and 22.5< δ18O < 24.2 (n = 5). Those from Cong Troi are from 14.8 to 17.7‰ (n = 3) and their range overlaps that of An Phu. The use of O-isotopes is not useful for distinguishing between the deposits, but the low to extremely low Zn content of the Cong Trois spinels is a discriminant. The variation of δ18O values (12.1 <δ18O < 24.2‰) of the whole spinels indicates that the oxygen isotopic compositions of the metamorphic fluids were probably buffered by the local δ18O values of the impure host marbles.ReferencesChauviré B., Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Ressigeac Ph., Devidal J.-L., 2015. Blue spinel from the Luc Yen district of Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 51, 2-17.D'Ippolito V., Andreozzi G.B., Hålenius H., Skogby H., Hametner K., Günther D., 2015. Colour mechanisms in spinel: cobalt and iron interplay for the blue colour. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 42, 431-439.Garnier V., 2003. Les gisements de rubis associés aux marbres de l’Asie Centrale et du Sud-est: genèse et caractérisation isotopique. PhD thesis INPL, Nancy, France, 373p.Garnier, V., Ohnenstetter, D., Giuliani, G., Maluski, H., Deloule, E., Phan Trong Trinh, Pham Van Long, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2005. Age and significance of ruby-bearing marbles from the Red River shear zone, northern Vietnam. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 1315-1329.Garnier V., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Fallick A.E., Dubessy J., Banks D., Hoang Quang Vinh, Lhomme Th., Maluski H., Pêcher A., Bakhsh K.A., Pham Van Long, Phan Trong Trinh, Schwarz D., 2008. Marble-hosted ruby deposits from central and Southeast Asia: towards a new genetic model. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 169-191.Giuliani G., Fallick A.E., Garnier V., France-Lanord Ch., Ohnenstetter D., Schwarz D., 2005. Oxygen isotope composition as a tracer for the origins of rubies and sapphires. Geology, 33(4), 249-252.Giuliani G., Fallick A.E., Boyce A.J., Pardieu V., Pham Van Long, 2017. Pink and red spinels in marble: trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and sources. The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 743-761.Hauzenberger C.A., Häeger T., Baumgartner L.P., Hofmeister W., 2001. High-grade metamorphism and stable isotope geochemistry of N-Vietnamese gem-bearing rocks. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on gems and minerals of Vietnam, Hanoi, 124-138.Hauzenberger C.A., Bagola C., Häeger T., Muellen C., Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Le Thi Thu Huong, 2014. Mineralogy and petrology of the An Phu marble hosted spinel and corundum deposit, Luc Yen, N-Vietnam. In Proceedings of the 4th International Gem and Jewelry Conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 76-78.Kleišmantas A., Daukšyte A., 2016. The influence of Vietnam and Sri Lanka spinel mineral chemical elements on colour. Chemija, 27, 45-51.Kretz R., 1983. Symbols for rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277-279.Le Thi Thu Huong, Häeger T., Hofmeister W., Hauzenberger C., Schwarz D., Pham Van Long, Wehmeister U., Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Nguy Tuyet Nhung, 2012. Gemstones from Vietnam: An update. Gems & Gemology, 48, 158-176.Malsy A., Klemm L., 2010. Distinction of gem spinels from the Himalayan mountain belt. Chimia, 64(10), 741-746.Malsy A., Karampelas S., Schwarz D., Klemm L., Armbruster T., Tuan Do Anh, 2012. Orangey-red to orangey-pink gem spinels from a new deposit at Lang Chap (Tan Huong - Truc Lau), Vietnam. The Journal of Gemmology, 33, 19-27.Pham Van Long, Hoang Quang Vinh, Garnier V., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Lhomme,T., Schwarz D., Fallick A.E., Dubessy J., Phan Trong Trinh, 2004. Gem corundum deposits in Vietnam. Journal of Gemmology, 29, 129-147.Pham Van Long, Pardieu V., Giuliani G., Nguy Tuyet Nhung, Pham Thi Thanh Hien, Pham Duc Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2014. Gemmological characteristics of spinel from Luc Yen, Yen Bai. Journal of Geology, 340, 29-36.Pham Van Long, Pardieu V., Giuliani G., 2014. Update on gemstone mining in Luc Yen, Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 49, 233-245.Pouchou J.L., Pichoir F., 1991. Quantitative analysis of homogeneous or stratified microvolumes applying "PAP" In Electron Probe Quantification (K.F.J. Heinrich & D.E. Newbury eds.). Plenum Press, New York, USA, 31-75.Valley J.W., 1986. Stable isotope geochemistry of metamorphic rocks. Reviews in Mineralogy, 16, 445-481.Yui T.F., Khin Zaw, Wu C.-M., 2008. A preliminary stable isotope study on Mogok ruby, Myanmar. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 182-199.

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Bambaradeniya, Yasas Tharindu B., Warusapperuma Arachchilage Inoka P. Karunaratne, Sakya V. Rakinawasam, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Induwara Goonerathne, and Rasika B. Kotakadeniya. "Myiasis incidences reported in and around central province of Sri Lanka." International Journal of Dermatology 58, no. 3 (2018): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijd.14291.

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Wickramasinghe, Nira. "Sri Lanka in 2008: Waging War for Peace." Asian Survey 49, no. 1 (2009): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2009.49.1.59.

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The year 2008 saw a successful military campaign by government security forces against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in the North. Elections to the Eastern Province resulted in a break away faction of the LTTE sharing power with the government. People continued to endure high inflation in the price of essential goods and services, and the country's human rights record remained dismal.

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van der Poorten, George, and Nancy van der Poorten. "Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908): An invasive Australian species, recorded in Sri Lanka for the first time with notes on its biology, life history and distribution (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)." Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 156, no. 1 (2013): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002021.

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Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908), an invasive Australian species, was recorded for the first time in Sri Lanka in July 2009 but it is likely to have been in the island much longer. Since then, it has been recorded in several locations in the Northwestern province, near Colombo in the Western province, and in Kandy in the Central province. Recorded larval food plants are coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, a widely cultivated plantation crop, and a species of Livistona, a cultivated garden palm (Arecaceae). The immature stages and behavior in Sri Lanka are documented for the first time.

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Ruklani, NCS, and SCK Rubasinghe. "A Preliminary Survey of Bryophytes in the Central Province of Sri Lanka." Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences) 42, no. 1 (2013): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v42i1.5901.

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Perera, ING, MJ Pinidiyapathirage, and AR Wickremasinghe. "Rabies vaccination of domesticated dogs in the Central Province of Sri Lanka." Ceylon Medical Journal 52, no. 2 (2009): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v52i2.1031.

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Gunawardana, Suraj, Dulari Thilakarathne, Indra S. Abegunawardana, Preeni Abeynayake, Colin Robertson, and Craig Stephen. "Risk factors for bovine mastitis in the Central Province of Sri Lanka." Tropical Animal Health and Production 46, no. 7 (2014): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0602-9.

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RATNAYAKE, Amila Sandaruwan, and Amarasooriya PITAWALA. "Weathering of Monuments at Jethawanaramaya Complex in North-Central, Sri Lanka." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 83, no. 5 (2009): 1024–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00109.x.

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Rajapaksa, LI, and R. Jagath. "STD in the Central Province of Sri Lanka, Are Commercial sex workers responsible?" Sri Lanka Journal of Venereology 1, no. 1 (2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljv.v1i1.5581.

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Jayasumana, M. T. L. K., T. I. Galappaththi, P. G. A. Pushpakumara, C. D. Gamage, N. H. Smith, and H. R. N. Jinadasa. "Screening milk for bovine tuberculosis in dairy farms in Central Province, Sri Lanka." Tropical Agricultural Research 30, no. 1 (2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v30i1.8274.

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