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1
Sayeda, Fauzia Farmin, and Barnali Sarma. "The Effect of Sino-Indian War, 1962 on Ethnic Communities of Arunachal Pradesh." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.vi0.768.
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The study is an attempt to analyse the socio-economic consequences of Sino-Indian war of 1962 on the ethnic communities of North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA), the present state of Arunachal Pradesh, geospatially located in North-East India. A careful analysis of the pre-independent history of the region suggests that both Ahoms and British rulers followed a policy of non-interference in the region as it was predominantly a tribal area. After independence, the Indian Government also followed the policy of minimal governance. The vital issues of infrastructure were also not given much emphasis until the war of 1962. As the Government realised the strategic importance of the state, a significant change in government policy can be witnessed. Apart from initiating development in infrastructure of the state, efforts were also made to nationalise the frontier. The present research aims to document the socio-economic changes brought by the war, using a critical analysis of a wide range of sources.
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Tamut, Rebecca. "Blood Feud in the Eastern Himalaya." Anthropos 114, no. 1 (2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2019-1-97.
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This article brings to attention an event that occurred in January 1963, in which Indian police personnel were murdered by Nyishi tribesman in Chayangtajo, a remote administrative Circle in the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA), today known as Arunachal Pradesh, India. This paper uses oral sources to illuminate how the event unfolded and how it was perceived locally. I will show that this deadly event was the consequence of an on-going tribal feud. By allying themselves with the wrong clan, the police force was considered the enemy of a group of clans among which they intended to establish an administrative outpost.
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Heinsohn, TE. "Possum extinctions at the marsupial frontier: the status of the northern common cuscus Phalanger orientalis on Santa Ana Island, Makira Province, Solomon Islands." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 2 (2002): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02247.
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ON zoogeographic maps, the Solomon Islands are shown as the north-eastern limit of Australidelphian marsupial distribution in Australasia. This distinction is due to the presence of a single New Guinean marsupial, the northern common cuscus Phalanger orientalis, which was probably introduced via the Bismarck Archipelago by prehistoric human agency (Flannery 1995; Spriggs 1997; Heinsohn 1998; Wickler 2001). P. orientalis is found across most of the principal Solomon Islands, with the exception of the remote far-eastern oceanic islands of Santa Cruz (Temotu) Province. In the scientific literature, the exact eastern limit of distribution for P. orientalis is generally given as San Cristobal (Makira) Island in Makira Province (Laurie and Hill 1954; Flannery 1995), the eastern most peninsula of which extends to 162� 23' E. The next landmass to the east is the small 5 km diameter and 143 m high limestone atoll of Santa Ana (Owa Rafa) which lies across a 7.5 km open water crossing.
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Bhargava, Suchitra, and Josraj Arakkal. "Regional Public Relations: A New Frontier of Growth in India’s Public Relations Landscape." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 5340–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2565.
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India - a land of vast cultural & linguistic diversity, where ‘word of mouth’ plays a crucial role in building brands. Public Relations have strongly emerged as an indispensable function for protecting and enhancing reputation. With 70% population of the nation living within the rural or semi-urban geographies, and nearly 34% of the same, annually migrating to urban cities in search of a better livelihood and employment, the role of regional Public Relations becomes more intrinsic to "Integrated Communications and Marketing strategies” for brands. The research paper attempts to understand the following: a) Evolution of consumer consumption and engagement through the lens of regional Public Relations in India. b) Introduction of the concept of G-LO-RI: Global – Local-Regional. c) Challenges faced by professionals/ agencies. The research aims to emphasize the need and importance of regional Public Relations. With the help of in-depth interviews and secondary data, the research will deduce the opportunities and scope to grow in this unorganized and untapped regional territories pan India. The research paper has considered variables - demographic factors, purchasing power, access and dissemination of information and news, effects of social channels and influencers, regional content consumption patterns, and urbanization. The qualitative study of these factors aims to share an outlook and future of regional Public Relations in India. As per existing information available at the time of drafting this research paper, there was no such material or reporting evidence in the context of the role and relevance of regional Public Relations in India. This research paper aims to highlight the current ecosystem, gaps, and key findings and showcase the importance, growth, and challenges of regional Public Relations in India. Interpretations/Implications: This study found that the Regional Public Relations industry has grown multi-folds in the past two decades. There have been many contributing factors instrumental towards this growth size, scale, and reach. This study included a mix of national public relations agency professionals and regional Public Relations agency owners/founders. They shared their journey and explained the concept, growth and evolution, agency revenue model, team size, opportunities, and challenges on the whole. The level of growth is varied region-wise, while Western, Northern, and Southern regions are hot spots of growth of regional Public Relations business, Eastern and North-East region remain a potential growth market. It was also observed that the affiliate model or the associate model of business is prevalent in the industry. The upcoming trends and practices were also discussed with the participants. The agencies have relied heavily on traditional media for a long time, but there is a gradual shift towards creating more digital content, which is data-driven. In due course of the study, it was evident that industry spending differed from one region to another. FMCG, followed by Automobile and Telecom, were the front runners in spends on regional Public Relations, Government and Education sectors have also caught up. The variation is observed due to the general demand and supply rule and socio-cultural factors, including language, customs, lifestyles & values, playing a crucial role. The researcher also came across some looming challenges that the industry currently faces, and recommendations have also been shared at the end of this paper.
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Gruszczak, Artur. "Coping with neo-nomadic mobility: Frontex’s agent power in the EU’s extended borderland." Review of European and Comparative Law 37, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 33–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4868.
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Migration movements to Europe, triggered by dramatic political and social developments in North Africa and the Middle East, have contributed to a decrease in the level of security in the European Union and to the crisis of this organization. This article addresses the issue of migration in the context of the phenomenon of neo-nomadism and its effects on the policies of the member states of the European Union, as well as its institutions and agencies. The consequences of neo-nomadism are analyzed in regard to the EU’s "extended borderland" on the example of the activities of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in the Central Mediterranean. Frontex’s joint operations "Triton" and "Themis" serve as a useful frame of reference in examining this agency’s "agent power" expressed in activities concerning migratory movements in the EU's "extended borderland". The hypothesis developed in this article holds that the dynamics of mobility resulting from the specific features of neo-nomadism activates the "agent power" of entities involved in mobility and border management in two forms: inclusionary, for humanitarian reasons, and exclusionary, for the sake of security. As an agency responsible for supporting the management of the EU's external borders and implementing return policy, Frontex has concentrated its agent power on securing territory, borders and population at the expense of humanitarian search-and-rescue operations. Joint operations "Triton" and "Themis" have clearly highlighted the trend towards an exclusionary approach to migrants. Post-functionalism referring to the original conceptualisation put forward by Hooghe and Marx is the theoretical frame adopted in the present study. The research method is qualitative, based on desk research includng the analysis and interpretation of primary and secondary sources.
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Bhutanl, V. C. "Sources of Frontier Studies: The North-East Frontier of India." China Report 24, no. 3 (August 1988): 299–375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944558802400306.
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HAYMAN, R. W. "THE RED GORAL OF THE NORTH-EAST FRONTIER REGION." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 136, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb05875.x.
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Akins, Harrison. "The Assam Rifles and India’s North-East frontier policy." Small Wars & Insurgencies 31, no. 6 (August 7, 2020): 1373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2020.1778213.
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Walker, Rae. "Inter-agency collaboration: the North East Health Promotion Centre." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 26, no. 6 (December 2002): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2002.tb00362.x.
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Bekker-Nielsen, Tønnes. "Trade, Strategy and Communications on the Roman North-East Frontier." Cedrus, no. 4 (June 30, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13113/cedrus/201603.
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Mohan, Dhananjai, and Ramana Athreya. "Sustainable Bird Based Tourism in India's Remote North-East Frontier." International Journal of Innovation Science 3, no. 1 (March 2011): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1757-2223.3.1.23.
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Nunthara, C. "Peace and Conflict in the ‘Frontier’ Areas of North-east India." Sociological Bulletin 54, no. 3 (September 2005): 585–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920050317.
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Connors, Libby. "Women on the South-East Queensland Frontier." Queensland Review 15, no. 2 (July 2008): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132181660000475x.
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A typescript of a woman's diary deposited at the Mitchell Library in the 1970s contains some intriguing exchanges for the historian of the frontier. The diarist is unnamed — never a good omen for a primary document — but the uneven entries and the diary's passing mention of some of the people on Durundur Station from October 1842 to May 1843 give it the weight of authenticity. Our informant, ‘the wife of an employee of the Archers’, arrived on the station in October 1842, only six months after the north had officially been opened for free settlement and only a little over twelve months since David Archer had established this pastoral lease. She had arrived as part of a group of fourteen labourers and mechanics sent from one of the Archer estates in Scotland, and settled on one of the few stations to establish good relations with the traditional owners of the region. Her employer was among the more religious of the Archer brothers — a renowned family of Queensland pastoralists — and he was much taken with the idealism of the Evangelical movement. He refused to hunt the Dalla of the Blackall-D'Aguilar Ranges from their country and was determined to build peaceful relations with the traditional owners.
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Shalla, Salma H., and John D. D. Bishop. "Lampropidae (Crustacea: Cumacea) from the deep north-east Atlantic and the North Sea, with two new species of Hemilamprops and Mesolamprops." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 5 (October 2007): 1191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407055063.
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Material collected during surveys of the Atlantic Frontier Margin (north-east Atlantic) in 1996, 1998, 2000 and 2002 includes ten species of the cumacean family Lampropidae belonging to three genera. A new species of the genus Hemilamprops, H. pterini, is described. Hemilamprops cristatus is partially re-illustrated from specimens sent to A.M. Norman by G.O. Sars. A key to the North Atlantic species of Hemilamprops is provided. A new species of the genus Mesolamprops, M. hartleyi, is described from the Atlantic Frontier Margin and the North Sea. The first record of Mesolamprops denticulatus from the Atlantic is reported. A key to the species of Mesolamprops is provided. Two species of the genus Platysympus were also found. A list of other lampropid species found in the Atlantic Frontier Margin is given.
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RAY, REEJU. "Interrupted Sovereignties in the North-East Frontier of British India, 1787–1870." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 606–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000257.
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AbstractThe Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo Hills in the North East Frontier of British India were subject to shifting and differentiated forms of colonial governance. Defying notions of coexistence with or autonomy from colonial rule, the colonial history of this region was bound up with specific spatio-temporal constructions. By examining the nature of jurisdictional and political encounters in the Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo Hills, this article addresses the interruptions to imperial sovereignty in the Frontier. Imperial sovereignty moved in juridical forms, affecting and being affected by classificatory challenges such as hills and plains, hill tribal, and settler. The relationship between jurisdictional boundaries, plural authority, and imperial sovereignty appears in judicial and revenue files of different levels of the English East India Company government and the British government. Recurrent boundary disputes between the spatio-temporal units of hills and plains during the late eighteenth and late nineteenth centuries point towards contingent strategies of governance. The unfolding of these disputes over the course of the nineteenth century also show that law and jurisdiction as carriers of imperial sovereignty were spatially and temporally uneven. The historical processes highlighted in this article concern the sub-region of Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo Hills and parts of the Sylhet district of British Bengal, which, at present, constitute the Indian state of Meghalaya and parts of northern Bangladesh, respectively.
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Agov, Avram. "“The East Asian Frontier of the Socialist World: North Korea in the 1950s”." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 24, no. 2-3 (September 12, 2017): 160–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02402001.
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The decade of the 1950s was a formative period for the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (dprk), one that shaped its integration into the international socialist system. This article examines the interaction between North Korea’s internal (institutional) and external (international) integration into the socialist system that, at this time, the Soviet Union and its East European bloc allies dominated. It argues that North Korea was more integrated into the socialist world than its nationalist ideology implied. The 1950s marked the culmination of the dprk’s connectivity to the international socialist world. The narrative begins in the second half of the 1940s with the building of North Korea’s socialist system. It then focuses on East European bloc aid to North Korea during and after the Korean War, as well as the dprk’s reactions to this fraternal assistance. By the second half of the 1950s, North Korea came to associate integration with dependency, generating nationalist impulses in dprk policy and laying the foundation for the juche (self-reliance) paradigm. North Korea’s nationalist ideology was part of a broader post-colonial nation building drive, but socialist interdependency also played a role in the dprk’s divergence, after the early 1960s, from the Soviet bloc and the People’s Republic of China.
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Ali, A., and S. Hassan. "Viruses infecting winter tomato crops in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 3 (2002): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01103.
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Malakand Agency is a unique production area in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan that is frost-free and in which tomato is grown as a winter crop. Tomato production in this area has been affected by virus-like diseases for the last 10 years. Tomato nurseries and fields at 11 locations in Malakand Agency were surveyed for tomato viruses during 1994–95. A total of 1071 samples from nurseries and 5083 samples from 142 fields were tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In nurseries, 3 viruses, Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), were detected with an incidence range of 9.8–22.3, 0–36.6, and 16.5–51.3%, respectively. In the field, 5 viruses [Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), PVX, PVY, ToMV, and Tomato yellow top virus (TYTV)] were frequently found with an incidence range of 0–13.3%, 2.6–16.7%, 0.4–13.8%, 26.1–41.3%, and 1.7–11.3%, respectively. All 5 viruses except TYTV were also detected from weed species in tomato fields or in the nearby vicinity. Of 12 commercial tomato varieties screened against CMV, PVX, PVY, and ToMV, 2 varieties (Florist and Forset) were resistant to 4 of the viruses including ToMV, for which the highest incidence was recorded in nurseries and field. These 2 varieties represent a previously undescribed and potentially useful source of resistance to the 4 inoculated viruses.
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Ghabrial, Sarah. "Gender, Power, and Agency in the Historical Study of the Middle East and North Africa." International Journal of Middle East Studies 48, no. 3 (July 6, 2016): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743816000507.
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It is fair to say that some of the most vibrant work—and most challenging questions—surrounding “agency” and its intelligibility have come out of feminist scholarship on the “Muslim world,” broadly defined. This piece considers the transdisciplinary lives of agency as analytic tool, its uses and limitations, its particular proximity to gender-critical research, and, in turn, seeming synonymization with women.
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Polezhaev, A. N. "Vegetation of the north of Russian Far East." Geobotanical mapping, no. 2013 (2013): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/2013.48.
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Distribution, configuration of vegetation zones and distribution of altitudinal belts on the North of the Russian Far East are characterized by their peculiarities caused by marginal position of the region on Eurasian continent, surrounding seas influence, altitude of the place. Areas types of vegetation complexes are established on the base of cartometric analysis of data-base of digital geobotanic large-scale map. The main regularities of differentiation of vegetation cover are revealed that are confirmed earlier known data. Types of arctic vegetation complexes are distributed through the whole territory of the region. Correlation between boreal and arctic vegetation complexes are characterized by zonal peculiarities. North-east boundary of boreal vegetation types is the important botanic-geographic frontier. To the south of this frontier wide zone of ecotone is noticed. In this zone forest vegetation types and tundra vegetation existed side by side on the placors habitats. The most distributed types are mountain vegetation type complexes with dominance of stone deserts, tundra siberian dwarf-pine. Vertical differentiation of mountain vegetation territories (taking in account zonalty) is reflected in subsequent change altitudinal belts where vegetation types complexes with dominance lichens mountain stone deserts, mountain tundra, siberian dwarf-pine (Pinus pumila), mountain open forests and larch (Larix cajanderi) and birch (Betula ermanii) forests are represented. Degree of revealing of vertical belts depends not only zonal conditions but also the altitude of the place above sea level, landscape peculiarities. Therefore separate belts, for example, mountain tundra, siberian dwarf-pine can be represented fragmentally. The stripe of ecotone usually can be noticed between alpine and subalpine belts. Vertical vegetation belts are evidently connected with horizontal zones of vegetation cover. In tundra zone 2 altitudinal belts can be noticed – alpine that is represented by lichens stone deserts, and subalpine that is formed mostly by mountain tundra. Mountain siberian dwarf-pine play big role in forest zone in formation of subalpine belt altogether with mountain tundra. Lower on the slopes prostrate shrubs are changed by forest belt (subzone of Larch open forests and forests, subzone of birch open forests and forests) or exist side by side with zonal prostrate shrubs and subarctic tundra (subzone of prostrate shrubs). Zonal vegetation complexes types (inhabit on placors and close to them habitats – plain low watershed areas, not steep mountain slopes, valleys between mountains, terraces near sea shore) are represented by arctic and subarctic tundra, siberian dwarf-pine (Pinus pumila), open forests and Larch (Larix cajanderi) and Birch (Betula ermanii) forests. Mires are dominated among zonal-interzonal vegetation type complexes. Valley forests, shrubs, tundra are distributed quite widely. Transitional structures, for example tundra-bogs are referred to this group of vegetation complexes. Vegetation that is transformed by strong stress factors (mostly natural and anthropogenic) is represented communities of plants formed under influence birds colonies, reindeer grazing, fire places, after technogenic disturbance as well as agricultural phytocoenosis.
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Christopoulos, Dimitris K., and Peter McAdam. "EFFICIENCY, INEFFICIENCY, AND THE MENA FRONTIER." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 2 (June 22, 2017): 489–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516001218.
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We examine technical efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In addition to economic indicators, political and social ones play a role in development and efficiency profiles. The MENA have been characterized by increasing economic efficiency over time but with marked polarization. We analyze and nest many key hypotheses, e.g., the contributions of religion, of natural resources, demographic pressures, human capital, etc. The originality of our contribution is the use of a large data set (including principal components), and extensive robustness checks. It should set a comprehensive benchmark and cross-check for related studies of development and technical efficiency.
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Cronin, Stephanie. "Islam, slave agency and abolitionism in Iran, the Middle East and North Africa." Middle Eastern Studies 52, no. 6 (August 18, 2016): 953–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2016.1198326.
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Gregersen, Ulrik. "The north-east Baffin Bay region, offshore Greenland – a new frontier petroleum exploration region." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 15 (July 10, 2008): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v15.5046.
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In recent years the Arctic has come into focus for hydrocarbon exploration, and areas offshore both West and East Greenland have been evaluated as promising frontier hydrocarbon provinces. Seven hydrocarbon exploration and ex ploitation licenses were awarded in 2007–2008 offshore the Disko–Nuussuaq region (Fig. 1), and two more have been awarded in the open-door region offshore south-western Greenland. In 2007, an extensive amount of new seismic and aeromagnetic data was acquired by the TGS-NOPEC Geop hysical Company in the north-eastern Baffin Bay region. Geophysical mapping has been initiated by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) in the Melville Bugt region offshore North-West Greenland (Fig. 1) with the purpose of evaluating the hydrocarbon prospectivity. Initial interpretation of seismic and gravity data suggests the presence of deep sedimentary basins separated by structural highs. Geological information on source rock, reservoir rock and seal intervals from surrounding regions suggest that the Melville Bugt region is likely to have a significant petroleum potential. The study is based on public domain magnetic and gravity data, and all proprietary and public 2-D seismic data (Fig. 1) acquired before 2003. Seismic horizons from the ‘seismic basement’ to ‘base Quaternary’ are being interpreted regionally. Based on the seismic interpretation, a structural element map, depth-structure maps and isopach maps will be produced in order to assess the prospectivity of the Melville Bugt region.
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Abid, Ihsen, and Mohamed Goaied. "A meta-frontier assessment of bank efficiency in Middle East and North Africa countries." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 66, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 266–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-01-2016-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the efficiency ratios and the technological gaps of banking industries in seven countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Design/methodology/approach The meta-frontier model was used to evaluate efficiency across countries that may have different production technologies. Findings The results of the meta-frontier analysis of banking systems over the period from 1991 to 2011 showed that Tunisian banks were the most efficient in terms of cost and profit. For the cost (profit) model, the analysis of the technological gap showed that Egyptian (Tunisian) banks used the most advanced technology in offering financial services to clients. The comparison of efficiencies confirmed that most efficient banks in terms of cost are not necessarily the most efficient in terms of profit and vice versa. The authors also concluded that cost efficiency analysis provides a partial view of banking efficiency and hence, profit efficiency analysis is as important. Originality/value The study is relevant for policymakers, regulators and monetary authorities and for researchers to know more about the real differences of efficiency of banks across countries in MENA region and to clarify the sources of this inefficiency to better adapt to the new environment, to make strategic decisions and to reference the performance of banking institutions.
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Harikadua, Meilissa, Djoni Hatidja, and Charles E. Mongi. "Pengelompokkan Kecamatan Berdasarkan Potensi Pertanian di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan dengan Analisis Gerombol." d'CARTESIAN 9, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/dc.9.1.2020.25921.
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This study aims to classify sub-districts based on the potential of agricultural, plantation, livestock, marine fisheries and forestry commodities in the area of South Halmahera Regency. The data used in this study are secondary data taken from the website of the Central Statistics Agency of South Halmahera Regency.The analysis used in this study is Cluster Analysis with a single linkage method and the results obtained are the formation of 3 cluster including Cluster 1 consisting of 28 districts namely: South Obi, Obi, West Obi, East Obi, North Obi, Bacan , South Mandioli, North Mandioli, Batang Lomang Islands, South East Bacan, Middle East Bacan, West Bacan, West Kasiruta, East Kasiruta, North West Bacan, Kayoa, West Kayoa, South Kayoa, North Kayoa, Makian Island, Makian Barat, Gane West, South West Gane, North West Gane, Joronga Islands, East Gane, Middle East Gane and South East Gane. Cluster 2 consisted of South Bacan sub-district and Cluster 3 consisted of East Bacan sub-district.
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Chilcote, Christina (Kim). "Bridges of Ambition to North Korea: Economy of Anticipation and Materiality of Aspiration in Dandong, China." Critical Sociology 44, no. 3 (May 16, 2017): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920517705439.
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Facing the North Korean city of Sinuiju across the Yalu River, the Chinese border city of Dandong in Liaoning Province has recently taken on large urban developmental projects as part of a plan to build the wider city as the new economic hub of East Asia. This paper examines how Dandong’s recent urban developmental projects rely on its close relationship to North Korea and on North Korea’s role as a capitalist frontier. It argues that these projects simultaneously deploy a politics of waiting and a politics of memory to inscribe its central role in East Asia’s economic future.
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Mekhamadiev, Е. А. "The Danube legions of the Late Roman Empire (I Italica and V Macedonica) during the second half and middle of the fourth c. a. d.: on the ways of interaction between the frontier and expeditionary armies." Belgorod State University Scientific bulletin. Series: History. Political science 46, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 608–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2075-4458-2019-46-4-608-619.
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Since 325 A. D., when the Emperor Constantine the Great established a self-sufficient and single expeditionary army of the Roman Empire (previously, before 353, it constantly had stood in Thrace, but then it was split in some smaller military groups), military units of this army have interacted to units of frontier armies during many military campaigns. But epigraphic data from the Lower Danube regions (the provinces of Lower Moesia and Dacia Ripensis (River)) give a chance to trace one another way of interaction, which was an absolutely disregarded before. The author means a food supply of frontier units from the provinces where the expeditionary troops (or imperial bodyguards) had their service. The inscriptions covered by this paper contain evidence about two important Danube frontier legions, that are I Italica (Lower Moesia) and V Macedonica (Dacia Ripensis (River)), which received a food from the Roman Near East provinces (the author means Hellespontus at the North-West of the Asia Minor and Syria Foenice and Syria Palestina just at the Persian frontier), but not from the Danube regions. As the author supposes, the reason of such a way of supply was that some military units (vexillations) detached from the staff of the Danube frontier legions served within the Near East Roman provinces, these vexillations moved at the Near East during the time of the Tetrarchy (293–324) or the sole reign of Constantine the Great (324–337). After their relocation to the Near East, vexillations of the Danube frontier legions have never returned in their home Danube provinces, in contrast, they were parts of the Near East expeditionary armies. But, as a matter of award for diminishing of their staff, the Danube frontier («maternal») legions received a food from the provinces, where their «child» vexillations located and served.
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Barabash, Yurii. "Alien—Different—One’s Own. North-east ethnic and lingual cultural frontier of Ukraine (Kharkiv, Donbas)." Слово і Час, no. 6 (November 26, 2020): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2020.06.3-30.
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In the article, which continues the discourse of ethnocultural frontier, the attention is focused on the facts and problems referring to the Ukrainian-Russian cultural frontier of Eastern Ukraine. Polyethnic character of the society initially, since the mid 17th century, determined the presence of two culture-forming components in the region, namely Ukrainian and Russian ones, the dynamics of their correlation in various historical periods, the motion of transitive forms and ambivalent conditions. (The Jewish element acquired the essential function in the ethnocultural system of the region later, mainly in the 20th century.) In the frames of the so-called Kharkiv school of romantics a unique linguocultural situation, not deprived of paradoxicality, was formed, in which Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism objectively performed as one of the factors shaping the development of the Ukrainian literature. From this perspective, the article conducts the diachronic analysis of the main stages of the literary process in Ukrainian Slobozhanshchyna, mainly in its center, Kharkiv. The researcher focuses on such issues and phenomena as the role and signiƗ cance of Kharkiv University founded in 1805; Kharkiv periodicals and collections in the Russian and Ukrainian languages; the activity of such influential figures as H. Skovoroda, H. Kvitka-Osnovianenko, P.Hulak-Artemovskyi, I. Sreznevskyi, M. Kostomarov, O. Potebnia, etc.; contradictory and dramatic literary life in Kharkiv of the national cultural Renaissance epoch in the 1920s and early 1930s (‘Executed Renaissance’) and during the subsequent periods. The ‘Donbas segment’ of the eastern ethnocultural frontier, with its history being much shorter than the Kharkiv one though also abundant with contradictions, is considered in the synchronic aspect, in comparative contrast of the diferent writers’ fates and creative phenomena, including the background of the modern dramatic situation in the region.
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Greaves, Ross L. "Sīstān in British Indian frontier policy." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 49, no. 1 (February 1986): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00042518.
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Sīstān (Sijistān or Sāgistān) came within the scope of British Indian frontier defence during the Napoleonic era. Lord Minto sent out missions to the Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, Afghanistan and Persia in order to acquire reliable information about the borderlands. Captain Charles Christie and Lieutenant Eldred Pottinger in 1810 explored the route westward into Persia from Baluchistan. Christie separated from the others at Nushki and travelled to Herat via Sīstān before joining Pottinger in Iṣfahān. According to Christie: Seistan is a very small province on the banks of the Helmind, comprising not more than five hundred square miles, bounded on the north and northeast by Khorasan, on the west by Persia, and on the south and south-east it is separated from Mukran by an uninhabited desert.
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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (April 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 04 (April 1, 2021): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0421-0015-jpt.
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Shell Selling Onshore Egypt Assets Shell Egypt and one of its affiliates have signed an agreement with a consortium made up of subsidiaries of Cheiron Petroleum Corporation and Cairn Energy PLC to sell its upstream assets in Egypt’s Western Desert for a base consideration of $646 million. Additional payments of up to $280 million between 2021 and 2024 will be made contingent on the oil price and the results of further exploration. The transaction is subject to government and regulatory approvals and is expected to complete in the second half of 2021. The package of assets comprises Shell Egypt’s interest in 13 onshore concessions and the company’s share in Badr El-Din Petroleum Company. Shell will shift its exploration focus in Egypt offshore, which includes seven new blocks in the Nile Delta, West Mediterranean, and Red Sea. Chevron Begins Production From Sarta-2 Well in Iraq Chevron has started production from the Sarta-2 well at the Sarta field in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, partner Genel Energy said. Gross field production now stands at more than 10,000 B/D. Sarta production is expected to increase from the existing two producing wells as facility optimization continues after production startup. A fresh appraisal drilling campaign is scheduled to begin soon, with the Sarta-5 and Sarta-6 wells set to be drilled back-to-back. Chevron is operator of the Sarta production-sharing contract (50%) with partners Genel Energy (30%) and the Kurdistan Regional Government (20%). Colombia Eyes Licensing Round Results in November Colombia is expected to soon reveal the schedule for its 2021 licensing round offering 32 blocks for oil and gas exploration, with results expected in November. In 2020, the nation awarded three areas to Canada-based companies Parex Resources and Canocol Energy despite the double-whammy of crashing crude demand and a global pandemic. With oil prices on the mend and an aggressive vaccine dissemination program, Colombia is hopeful that interest in its oil and gas acreage returns to pre-pandemic levels. The National Hydrocarbon Agency (ANH) expects to award at least half of the available tracts, which are part of more than 500 areas identified by the ANH in the country and include mature fields, emerging basins, and bordering areas. Exploration in Colombia fell dramatically in 2020 with only 18 wildcats drilled vs. the 45 planned, with most of the expected investment deferred to 2021-2022. While the country has allowed pilot projects testing for unconventional oil, there currently is a ban on fracking operations in the country. Israel Begins Prep Work for Fourth Offshore Round Israel’s Ministry of Energy has announced plans to launch the fourth offshore bidding round (OBR 4) for exploration licenses in the country’s exclusive economic zone soon. OBR 4 is part of a multiyear program to encourage the exploration and development of Israel’s natural resources to provide low-cost, environmentally friendly energy to Israel’s consumers and businesses and to develop markets for Israeli natural gas beyond its borders. As in OBR 2, the Ministry is planning to offer several zones to qualified companies, with each zone comprising approximately four licenses having a total area of up to 1600 sq km. Around 25 exploration licenses (blocks) have been mapped and will be grouped into six clusters. The exact dates of the stages of the bid round and grouping of the licenses in clusters will be determined later. No decision has yet been made on the winner of the license for natural gas and oil exploration in Block 72 in the third competitive bid round carried out in 2020. The Ministry will announce the formal commencement of OBR 4 and its delineation in the near future and provide detailed information on its website www.energy-sea.energy.gov.il at that time. Exxon Drills Dud at Bulletwood Offshore Guyana Exxon encountered noncommercial hydrocarbons with a test of its Bulletwood prospect in the Canje Block in the Guyana-Suriname basin. The well, located in 2846 m of water, was drilled to its planned target depth of 6690 m using drillship Stena Carron. Data collection from the Bulletwood-1 well confirms the presence of the Guyana-Suriname petroleum system and the potential prospectivity of the Canje Block, said partner Westmount Energy. Bulletwood-1 was the first of three scheduled wells to be drilled on the block in 2021. Wells Jabillo-1 and Sapote-1 are expected to spud over the coming months. Exxon operates the Canje Block via its Esso Exploration and Production Guyana unit, which has a 35% stake. Total has 35%, JHI 17.5%, and Mid-Atlantic Oil & Gas 12.5. Westmount holds a 7.7% stake in JHI. While the well results were disappointing, Exxon’s success rate in the area is still around 80% from 18 wells and expects its production from the region to reach 750,000 B/D by 2026. Neptune Earmarks $150 Million for Exploration and Appraisal in 2021 UK-based independent Neptune Energy said its exploration and appraisal spend for 2021 will remain flat at around $150 million. The company said it had up to 11 wells planned for the year including followup wells at the Dugong and Maha discoveries as well as a wild-cat at Dugong Tail. Dugong was discovered in the Norwegian portion of the North Sea in 2020. Neptune believes the prospect holds between 40–120 million BOE. Dugong is located 158 km west of Florø, Norway, at a water depth of 330 m, and is close to existing production facilities. The Dugong prospect comprises two reservoirs that lies at a depth between 3250–3500 m. The Maha discovery offshore East Kalimantan is estimated to hold gas resources in excess of 600 Bcf. In 2019, Neptune and its partners, Eni (operator) and Pertamina, were awarded the West Ganal production-sharing contract that holds the Maya find. An exploration well targeting the Dugong Tail prospect, adjacent to the south of the Dugong find, is slated for the third quarter of this year and will be drilled using Odjfell semisubmersible Deepsea Yantai. Interest Wanes in Norway’s Arctic Frontier Seven companies applied for new acreage in the Barents Sea in Norway’s latest licensing round, down from 26 in a similar round in 2013. The government had offered 125 new blocks in eight frontier regions of the Barents. More than 60% of the undiscovered hydrocarbons offshore Norway are in the Barents frontier, according to the nation’s petroleum directorate. However, appetites for frontier drilling have diminished as oil prices weakened and recent results from the region have disappointed. Companies that applied for the new acreage round were Norske Shell, Equinor, Idemitsu Petroleum Norge, Ineos E&P Norge, Lundin Norway, OMV Norge, and Var Energi. Oman Transfers Ownership of Massive Block 6 The government of Oman has transferred its stake in one of the Middle East’s largest oil blocks to a newly established firm. By royal decree, the new, state-controlled Energy Development Oman (EDO) will hold the country’s 60% stake in Block 6. The stake was moved from Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), another government-run company. Oman, which is struggling under a soaring budget deficit, is looking to finance its spending by leveraging its energy assets. Block 6 has a production capacity of 650,000 BOED. Shell holds 34% in the block, while Total holds the remaining 4%. The government appointed Haifa Al Khaifi as head of EDO in January. She joined from PDO and is also chairwoman of the Saudi Arabian unit of State Street Corp., the Boston-based custodian and money manager. EDO will also be able to invest abroad and deal in renewable-energy products.
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BARUAH, MANJEET. "Assamese Language, Narrative and the Making of the North East Frontier of India: Beyond Regional Indian Literary Studies." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 2 (November 6, 2012): 652–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000716.
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AbstractThis paper is divided into two broad sections. The first section deals with the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam (north east India) and its transformation into a frontier in the nineteenth century. The section also deals with how this process was closely linked to the re-interpretation of the region's relationship with Indo-Gangetic culture, and the impact on development of the modern ‘Assamese’ language. The second section interprets modern Assamese novels in the light of the issues raised in the first section. It explores how issues such as indigeneity, the concept of India and modern Assamese language, share a relation of conflict in modern Assamese fiction. It is suggested in the conclusion that, due to such historical specificities, the language and narrative of the frontier require a specific regional approach, and should not be subsumed within larger frameworks such as ‘the nation’ or ‘South Asia’.
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Yolaçan, Serkan. "Azeri networks through thick and thin: West Asian politics from a diasporic eye." Journal of Eurasian Studies 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1879366518814936.
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This article makes a case for the geographical concept of West Asia and develops a specific proposal for its usage: an intervention to open up the closed box of the Middle East to post-Soviet Eurasia in the north and to the rest of Asia in the east. It advances this transregional perspective from the viewpoint of an old imperial frontier, Transcaucasia, and its erstwhile Azeri diaspora. By drawing on archival material, oral histories, contemporaneous print media, and secondary literature, this article traces the movement of Azeris from the Transcaucasian frontier into the political domains of Iranians, Russians/Soviets, and Turks/Ottomans, and show how their movements became avenues for political subversion, territorial expansion, and informal diplomacy over the course of the 20th century and until today.
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Oleinikova, Olga. "Democratic Transition Research: From Western to Post-Soviet East European Scholarship." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 6, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus479.
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This paper is the first of its kind to provide a comparative overview of Western (Western European and North American) and post-Soviet East European transition theories and literature that can be used to understand specifics of post-Soviet transition in Eastern Europe. Bridging the two broad theoretical traditions of East and West, and taking Ukraine as a case study, this literature review adds to the transition literature a discussion that relates to the emergence and interplay of structure and agency theories since the 1950s. In particular, the review sets out the various ways in which the transition from post-Communist government to democracy has been theorized, from a structuralist to an agency-structure approach. Meanwhile, it puts new wind into the sails of the idea that the interplay of structure and agency is more relevant to understanding the transition in Ukraine—reflecting similar dynamics in other post-Communist Eastern European states. This review is a good starting source for those who want to understand the roots of democratic transition research and theories.
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WHITTAKER, HANNAH. "FRONTIER SECURITY IN NORTH EAST AFRICA: CONFLICT AND COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE MARGINS c. 1930–60." Journal of African History 58, no. 3 (October 19, 2017): 381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185371700041x.
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AbstractThis article explores colonial development policy on the margins of British East Africa. It argues that much like current development practice in the region, increased colonial interventionism in the years after 1940 was motivated by security interests as well as environmental and economic considerations. Rural interventions were used as a mechanism to ‘rein in’ what were perceived to be subversive populations, as well as contain potential security threats. The article therefore throws new light on the nature of colonial rural development, as well as the connections between past and present development practice.
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Sampson, C. G. "Ostrich eggs and Bushman survival on the north-east frontier of the Cape Colony, South Africa." Journal of Arid Environments 26, no. 4 (April 1994): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1994.1040.
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Neofotistos, Vasiliki. "The Rhetoric of War and the Reshaping of Civil Society in North Macedonia." Slavic Review 78, no. 2 (2019): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2019.91.
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In this article, I explore recent efforts to “de-Sorosize” the Republic of Macedonia, arguing that they reveal an obsession in Macedonia—and more broadly in east central Europe—with defending ethnonational interests against assumed interlopers. New, self-proclaimed patriotic associations have mobilized ideas of combined external and internal threats to national existence as though there were a war frontier. This imagined war frontier marks the dividing line between belligerent nationalists, who claim that Macedonian sovereignty and national identity are under threat of extinction, and the Macedonian center-left and liberal (moderate and left-leaning) NGOs, which tend to promote greater inclusiveness in society, are assumed to side with “the Albanians,” and to have a direct connection to George Soros. The case study of Macedonia highlights the outright public rejection of liberal ideals and the key role that populist, militant sensibilities play in the formation of civil society groups in Europe today.
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Rahman, MM, MR Rahman, and M. Asaduzzaman. "Establishment of Dams and Embankments of Frontier River of North East Part of India: Impact on North-Western Region of Bangladesh." Journal of Science Foundation 8, no. 1-2 (April 16, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14614.
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India has built barrages on 17 more rivers in the east and northeast border with Bangladesh. Most of these dams and embankments act as the main barrier to flow water towards downstream like Bangladesh. As a result the rivers of Bangladesh that comes from India are falling in crisis of proper water. A study showed about 30 rivers of north-western part of Bangladesh gets very few water only due to dams and embankment made by India at the upstream of those rivers. Such massive water control projects of India are clearly a threat for a state that lies down of those. Unfortunately, and often ironically, national leaders of our country prefer to negotiate this sensitive matter rather than to make a strong protect of this inhuman and unethical activities. What is more astonishing news is that some time our state policy makers like to keep silent and avoid about it. India is always ready to controlling nature to serve economic development rather than addressing issues of trans-boundary and socio-environmental responsibilities. In fact, Indian plan to divert the water of Frontier Rivers is increasing at an alarming rate for Bangladesh. Here one thing is mentionable that is this types of project even harmful for India also. And peoples of north western state of India are in against of such harmful and high ambitious unnecessary project. Some time they also make a protest against it. Recently China and India are going to establish a large dam at the up Stream of Brahmaputra River. It would impair Indias own plan to link approximately thirty of its own rivers, a project that is bound to affect the downstream riparian state of Bangladesh. As a result drastic fall in the water flow of Teesta during the lean season, especially in February and March will occur in more frequent and will seriously hampers irrigation in Bangladesh. Such international trans-boundary river development projects raise many important issues. They never consider the impact that will impose upon the down stream part like Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14614 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 1-12, June-December 2010
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Martin, Hannah Elizabeth. "Local spaces of labour control or platforms for agency? The North East Durham Coalfield, 1820–1890." Geoforum 119 (February 2021): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.12.016.
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Guyot-Réchard, Bérénice. "Nation-building or state-making? India's North-East Frontier and the ambiguities of Nehruvian developmentalism, 1950–1959." Contemporary South Asia 21, no. 1 (March 2013): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2012.757581.
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Bagge, Carl E. "Canada's Project Lazarus: Resurrecting US Nuclear Power?" Energy Exploration & Exploitation 4, no. 2-3 (May 1986): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878600400212.
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The North American coal market is healthy. It will grow in the United States because electricity use will grow; and coal is America's only real option. The Canadian coal industry will grow as well. The only competition for coal in the United States is the non-coal power of Canada. We will compete and establish a natural economic frontier along our border in the east.
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Wilson, Jeffrey K. "Environmental Chauvinism in the Prussian East: Forestry as a Civilizing Mission on the Ethnic Frontier, 1871–1914." Central European History 41, no. 1 (March 2008): 27–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938908000034.
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The Tuchel Heath (Tucheler Heide, Bóry Tucholskie) and Kashubia (Kassubei, Kaszuby), the two regions comprising the geographical region known as Pomerelia (roughly the area of the “Polish Corridor”), came into Prussian possession with annexations from Poland in 1772, when Friedrich II seized most of what would become the provinces of Poznania and West Prussia from the ailing Polish Republic. These territories, some liked to imagine, resembled the North American frontier. Friedrich II apparently compared it to Canada and “jokingly named the inhabitants his Iroquois.” Gustav Freytag immortalized Friedrich's arrival on the frontier in his work Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit, characterizing the place as “an abandoned land, without law, without authority; it was a wasteland.” Certainly, the harsh climate, the sprawling pine forests and barrens, and the impoverished populace suggested a certain affinity. In one description of the region from 1879, the author depicted the Slavic game poacher “as a red Indian on the warpath.”
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Larsen, Michael, Christian Knudsen, Dirk Frei, Martina Frei, Thomas Rasmussen, and Andrew G. Whitham. "East Greenland and Faroe–Shetland sediment provenance and Palaeogene sand dispersal systems." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 10 (November 29, 2006): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v10.4899.
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The sedimentation and basin evolution of the Kangerlussuaq Basin, southern East Greenland has gained renewed interest with the licensing rounds offshore the Faroe Islands in 2000 and 2005, as it forms an important analogy to the Faroese geological setting. The Faroes frontier area is in part covered by basalts and is a high-risk area with poorly known plays and sedimentary basins. It is therefore essential to obtain as much information as possible on the evolution of sedimentary basins on the rifted volcanic margins closest to the Faroese Islands margin. Plate reconstructions of the North Atlantic region indicate the former close proximity of East Greenland to the Faroe Islands region (Fig. 1), and the Kangerlussuaq Basin thus constitutes the most important field analogue with respect to stratigraphy, major unconformities and basin evolution. The study of the sedimentary succession in the Kangerlussuaq Basin, and the provenance of the sandstones in particular, will provide constraints on exploration models and may help to predict the distribution of potential reservoir sandstones in the Faroese offshore basins, and eventually lead to development of play types that are new to this frontier region.This paper presents the main conclusions from two research projects: Stratigraphy of the pre-basaltic sedimentary succession of the Kangerlussuaq Basin -Volcanic basin of the North Atlantic and An innovative sedimentary provenance analysis, jointly undertaken by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and CASP (formerly Cambridge Arctic Shelf Programme). Both projects were initiated in October 2002 and concluded in September 2005. They form part of Future Exploration Issues Programme of the Faroese Continental Shelf (SINDRI programme), established by the Faroese Ministry of Petroleum and financed by the partners of the Sindri Group (see Acknowledgements).
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Ma, Wenchao, Jun Asanuma, Jianqing Xu, and Yuichi Onda. "A database of water and heat observations over grassland in the north-east of Japan." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 2295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2295-2018.
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Abstract. A highly valuable database of long-term hydrometeorological measurements is presented, containing in situ observations for a period of 37 years from a well-maintained grassland in the north-east of Japan. The observations include shortwave radiation, net radiation, air and dew point temperatures at three elevations, soil temperature at four depths, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, wind speed, relative humidity, air pressure and precipitation. The heights of measurements are 1.6, 12.5 and 29.5 m above ground, with the soil-layer observations at depths of 0.02, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 m. This high-quality database includes four temporal resolutions of 10 s, 0.5 h, 1 h and 24 h, with the hourly data presented here. Monthly and annual statistics are presented at the database web page of the Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics and Prediction of the University of Tsukuba, http://doi.org/10.24575/0001.198108. We validated the data by comparing them with published data from the local meteorological agency in Tateno operated by the Japan Metrological Agency, including the average, maximum and minimum values of air temperature, shortwave radiation, wind speed, relative humidity and precipitation. We have generated a daily downward longwave radiation time series with a method developed by Kondo and Xu (1997) based on the observations from the database. This constructed time series agrees well with observations collected between 2002 and 2006, as evaluated based on the values of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (=0.947) and percent bias (=1.486). For the whole database, annually averaged values show a positive trend in precipitation, air temperature, shortwave radiation, net radiation and sensible heat flux over the past 37 years, with a negative trend detected for wind speed, soil heat flux and soil temperature.
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Hamidi, Samer, and Fevzi Akinci. "Measuring Efficiency of Health Systems of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis." Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 14, no. 3 (February 25, 2016): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40258-016-0230-9.
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Hakim, Rachman, Tri Haryanto, and Dyah Wulan Sari. "Analysis of Factors Affecting the Technical Efficiency of Rice Farming in East Java Province." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 18, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jep.v18i2.12808.
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Agriculture is a dominant sector in Indonesia, mostly because many people work in this sector, especially in agricultural centers such as East Java Province. However, it is ironic that the farm sector does not have a considerable contribution to Indonesia's national income. This study aimed to measure rice farming's efficiency in East Java and determine whether education, access to credit, farmer group membership, age, and agricultural extension affected rice farming efficiency. The data source comes from the Central Statistics Agency (Agricultural Business Household Income Survey) in 2013 for East Java Province. The number of samples used was 8603 farmer households. The research method uses Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The results showed that the average efficiency for the Cobb-Douglas production function was 0.764, while the average efficiency for the translog production function was 0.759. The Cobb-Douglas production function is not suitable for this study; the translog production function is considered more appropriate. The variables of education, access to credit, membership of farmer groups, age, and agricultural extension significantly influence rice farming's technical efficiency in East Java. The extension variable has the most significant effect.
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Raji, Bijay. "Social Traditions and the Violation of Women’s Right in the Tagin Society of Arunachal Pradesh." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 15, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v15.n2.p4.
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There are 26 major tribes and 110 sub tribes in Arunachal Pradesh. Out of these tribes and sub tribes, Tagin is one of the major tribes in Arunachal Pradesh. The Tagin are descendants of Abo Tani<sup>.</sup> They are settled in Upper Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh, bordering east with Galo, west south with Nyishi and North with the Tibet (China). The Tagins are recognized as a separate tribal group very lately. Macknise had noted thatDafla living on the border of North Lakhimpur was known as Tagin Dafla.<sup> </sup> “Till very recently the Bagins, a Western branch of the Dafla tribe, occupying wild terrain in the east of Kameng and west of the Subansiri call the Daflas across the frontier of the Kameng district Tagins. Here, the term Tagin implies the sense of being an eastern people”.
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Volkova, E. A., and E. I. Rachkovskaya. "A contribution by A. A. Yunatov to the knowledge of the vegetation of Xinjiang (to his 100th anniversary)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 15 (2009): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2009.15.113.
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Field routes of A. A. Yunatov in the Xinjing Uygur Autonomous Region (West China), carried out by him in 1957—1959, were restored on the basis of the archive data. The description of the vegetation cover of Dzungaria (North Xinjing), Kashgaria (South Xinjing), mountain systems of the East Tien Shan, the West Kunlun, the Mongolian Altai, Frontier Dzungarian mountains is compiled after Yunatov’s field notes. His contribution to botanical geography of this region and the Central Asia as a whole is shown.
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Kalicka-Mikołajczyk, Adrianna. "The international legal status of Western Sahara." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 18, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.3429.
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Western Sahara is a territory lying in North-Western Africa. It borders Morocco in the north, Algeria in the north-east, Mauritania in the east and in the south, and its north-western coast borders the Atlantic Ocean. The country was colonized by the Kingdom of Spain following the decisions of the Berlin conference held in 1884. After World War 2, it was a Spanish province. When it won the independence in 1956, Morocco demanded that Western Sahara should be “liberated”, claiming that the territory belonged to it. In 1963,following the passing of the information by Spain, on the basis of Article 73 letter e) of the Charter of the United Nations, the UN entered Western Sahara in the list of areas which were not governed independently. On 14 April 1976, Morocco and Mauritania signed a convention on establishing their frontier line, on the power of which they executed a division of the territory of Western Sahara. Nowadays the western – the larger – part of Western Sahara’s territory is controlled by Morocco. The main aim of this article is to provide an answer to the question of the present condition of the international legal status of Western Sahara.
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Burton, Paul J. "Roman Imperialism." Brill Research Perspectives in Ancient History 2, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 1–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425374-12340004.
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Abstract Rome engaged in military and diplomatic expansionistic state behavior, which we now describe as ‘imperialism,’ since well before the appearance of ancient sources describing this activity. Over the course of at least 800 years, the Romans established and maintained a Mediterranean-wide empire from Spain to Syria (and sometimes farther east) and from the North Sea to North Africa. How and why they did this is a source of perennial scholarly controversy. Earlier debates over whether Rome was an aggressive or defensive imperial state have progressed to theoretically informed discussions of the extent to which system-level or discursive pressures shaped the Roman Empire. Roman imperialism studies now encompass such ancillary subfields as Roman frontier studies and Romanization.
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Criado-Aldeanueva, Francisco, and Javier Soto-Navarro. "Climatic Indices over the Mediterranean Sea: A Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 5790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175790.
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The Mediterranean Sea, strategically situated across a dynamic frontier line that separates two regions with different climates (Europe and North Africa), has been the focus of attention of many studies dealing with its thermohaline circulation, deep water formation processes or heat and freshwater budgets. Large-scale atmospheric forcing has been found to play an important role in these topics and attention has been renewed in climatic indices that can be used as a proxy for atmospheric variability. Among them, the North Atlantic oscillation, the East Atlantic or the East Atlantic–West Russia patterns have been widely addressed but much less attention has been devoted to a Mediterranean mode, the Mediterranean oscillation. This overview summarizes the recent advances that have been achieved in the understanding of these climatic indices and their influence on the functioning of the Mediterranean from a physical point of view. The important role of the Mediterranean oscillation is emphasized and the most relevant aspects of the other indices are revisited and discussed.
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Attewell, Wesley. "‘The planet that rules our destiny’: Alternative development and environmental power in occupied Afghanistan." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 35, no. 2 (September 20, 2016): 339–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775816664100.
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In this article, I explore the role that the United States Agency for International Development and its implementing partners played in the ‘alternative development’ effort to provide Afghan farmers with sustainable and economically viable alternatives to growing poppy. I argue that alternative development programs in occupied Afghanistan sought to wean farmers off of poppies by creating a rural ‘environment’ conducive to the cultivation of legal alternative crops. My argument proceeds in four steps. First, I theorize alternative development as a form of ‘environmental power’. Second, I put this theoretical framework to work in eastern Afghanistan through a close reading of one of the United States Agency for International Development’s flagship alternative development projects: Development Alternative Inc.’s ‘Incentives Driving Economic Alternatives – North, East and West’. As Incentives Driving Economic Alternatives: North, East and West (IDEA-NEW) ran its course, its end-state goal shifted from improving production to promoting market exchange. Third, I suggest that IDEA-NEW’s marketization efforts produced differentiated subjects of rule, exacerbating already existing patterns of uneven development in the process. Finally, although IDEA-NEW is represented as productive, humanitarian and therapeutic, I conclude by reflecting on how it is undergirded by – and also provides a legitimating armature for – techniques of population management that are destructive of life.