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1
Peters, Gregory Merrill Deschaine. "Forever wild journeys through the North Fork /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12292009-115313.
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Pitt, Amber L. "Reassessment of the turtle community in the North Fork of White River, Ozark County, Missouri." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011020.
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Cook, Nathan A. "Status of anthropogenically-isolated populations of Colorado River cutthroat trout in the upper North Fork Little Snake River Drainage, Wyoming." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939182141&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Meadows, Tim. "Forecasting long-term sediment yield from the upper North Fork Toutle River, Mount St. Helens, USA." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27800/.
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The Toutle-Cowlitz River system experienced dramatic landscape disturbance during the catastrophic eruption of Mount St Helens on May 18, 1980. The eruption was triggered by a 2.5 km3 debris avalanche which buried the upper 60 km2 of the North Fork Toutle River catchment to an average depth of 45 m and obliterated the surface drainage network. Subsequent channel response on the debris avalanche, dominated by incision and widening, has delivered significant quantities of sediment to downstream reaches where resultant deposition has reduced channel capacity and heightened flood risk. Estimates of future sediment yield from the upper North Fork Toutle River are therefore required to inform development of sustainable options for long-term flood risk mitigation. Previous estimates have been based on extrapolation of post-eruption trends in sediment yield and channel network evolution, but the divergent predictions reported in a number of studies have clouded effective decision-making regarding long-term sediment management. This study therefore uses a numerical, landscape evolution model (CAESAR-Lisflood) to make long-term forecasts of sediment yield based on process simulation rather than extrapolation. A suite of forecasts of cumulative catchment sediment yields up to 2100 are produced using scenario-based model runs designed to account for uncertainty associated with the hydrological impacts of climate change and the model coefficient for lateral mobility. The forecasts fall in a narrow band +/-20% of the mean that lies between two previous estimates derived from the extrapolation of post-eruption trends. Importantly, predicted trends in future annual sediment yield are predominantly linear, although some limited decay is evident for runs in which modelled channel lateral mobility is lower. Sustained sediment production in the upper North Fork Toutle River is found to result from persistent bank erosion and channel widening. These findings cast doubt on the applicability of negative exponential decay functions based on the rate law to characterise post-disturbance sediment yield when lateral rather than vertical adjustments dominate channel evolution. Moreover, forecast trends in future sediment yield suggest that it may not be possible to manage future sediment-related flood risk along the lower Cowlitz solely by retaining sediment in the upper North Fork Toutle River catchment.
5
Rogers, Jennifer J. "Assessment of Mussel Declines in the Clinch and North Fork Holston Rivers Using Histological Evaluations of Vital Organs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63925.
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The Clinch River (CR) and North Fork Holston River (NFHR) contain some of the most diverse freshwater mussel assemblages in the United States; however, both rivers are experiencing declines in mussel populations. The first component of this study used histological evaluations and water quality data to determine whether mussels were negatively impacted in the CR zone of decline (ZD) and to inform future management of freshwater mussels in the river. In the 91 kilometer (km) section from Carbo, Virginia (CRKM 431) downstream to Speers Ferry, Virginia (CRKM 340), referred to as the ZD, mussel density decreased >90% from 1979 to 2014 at key sites such as Semones Island (CRKM 378.3) and Pendleton Island (CRKM 364.2). Laboratory propagated mussels were placed in cages in the river for one year from June 2012 to May 2013 at four sites within the ZD and four sites in reaches where mussel populations remain stable or are increasing, a zone of stability (ZS). The survival, growth and histological results indicated that there are continuing impacts to mussels in the ZD. Research investigating impacts to the ZD and methods to improve water quality in this zone are needed.
The laboratory component of this study examined sublethal effects of potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), and un-ionized ammonia (NH3-N) on mussel tissues at concentrations relevant to those found in the NFHR. Historical industrial activities at Saltville, Virginia, as well as continued pollution of the NFHR from chemical waste ponds at this location, are believed to be significant contributors to mussel declines. Contaminant seepages from the waste ponds that include Cl-, K+, and NH3-N have been shown to be toxic to adult and juvenile mussels.
A three-month laboratory study was conducted to assess impacts to organ tissues (gills, digestive glands, kidneys, and gonads) of adult Villosa iris exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of K+ (4 and 8 mg/L), Cl- (230 and 705 mg/L), and NH3-N (0.014 and 0.15 mg/L) using histological evaluations. No detectable differences were observed among the histological endpoints from mussels held in treatments and control (p>0.05). The study design was modified and repeated
using increased concentrations of K+ (8, 16, and 32 mg/L) and Cl- (705, 1410, and 2820 mg/L) for a two-month exposure period. Due to issues with maintaining NH3-N in mussel holding chambers, the second study did not the second study did not include NH3-N exposures. Control mussels in both studies had a higher abundance of lipofuscin in kidneys and degraded cytoplasm in the digestive gland diverticula compared to baseline mussels, indicating that captivity influenced mussel tissues. Future studies are needed to more thoroughly address these captivity effects. Both survival and histological data in the second test showed a significant negative effect of the increased concentrations of Cl- and K+, which were representative of those found at some sites in the NFHR downstream of Saltville, Virginia.Master of Science
6
Van, Horne Rachel. "Genetic Status of Isolated Populations of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus) in the North Fork Little Snake River Drainage, Wyoming." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1347.
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Accidental conservation isolation characterizes a situation when a barrier created for a non-conservation purpose happens to fragment a population that now holds conservation value. This study established baseline genetic structure for the isolated populations of Colorado River cutthroat trout in the North Fork Little Snake River drainage, Wyoming. In many cases of accidental isolation, the populations above the barriers have limited habitat and small population sizes that make them vulnerable to extinction and may hold evolutionary value to the species as a whole. All the isolated populations in the drainage currently have high genetic differentiation among tributaries, low genetic diversity within each tributary, a suggestion of isolation by distance, and effective population sizes that are below the recommendation for long- term persistence. This structure represents natural and anthropogenic influences, but the presence of the human-constructed barriers in the headwater tributaries puts the larger core conservation group at risk into the future. Although the genetic diversities within the populations are low, the high genetic differentiations among populations suggest that each population may have its own unique contribution to the evolutionary value to the drainage as a whole and each is important to conserve into the future.
7
Kitchel, Helen Elise. "Life history of the endangered shiny pigtoe pearly mussel, Fusconaia edgariana, in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45730.
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The life history of Fusconaia edgariana, the endangered shiny pigtoe pearly mussel, was determined in a two-year study at North Holston Ford, North Fork Holston River (NEHRM 86.9) above Saltville, Virginia. Sixty 0.5m² Quadrats indicated a mean density of 10.6 mussels/m², representing 1 species. Six additional species were collect handpicking or in muskrat middens. The density edgariana was 1 adult/2 m². Distribution of the pigtoe was restricted to shallow areas of mixed gravel, and pebble substrate in low to moderate velocities.
Drift nets (130um mesh) indicated glochidia edgariana were released into the water column from 23 June to 18 August, 1981 and 24 June to 28 August, 1982. Of the 4,800 fish examined from June 1981 to June 1982, 1.5% carried shiny pigtoe glochidia. The telescope, common, warpaint, and whitetail shiners were found naturally encysted by 1 to 3 glochidia of F. edgariana. Laboratory induced infestations were conducted on twenty two species of fish, and all but two species sloughed the glochidia within 4 to 14 days. The whitetail and common shiners retained glochidia for 38 days, indicating these two fish species to be probable hosts for the shiny pigtoe.Master of Science
8
Singh, Bibek B. "Sector-Targeting for Controlling Nutrient Loadings: A Case Study of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River Watershed." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44021.
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The main purpose of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) is to achieve a water quality standard. The economic costs of reducing nutrient loadings are often not taken into account during development. In this study, sector targeting is used to minimize the total cost of nutrient reduction by targeting sectors with lower costs per unit of pollution reduction. This study focuses on targeting nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading reductions from three sectors: agricultural, point source, and urban non-point source, in the North Fork watershed. Linear programming optimization models were created to determine an optimal solution that minimized total compliance cost to implement BMPs subject to targeted loading reductions in N and P in the watershed. The optimal solution for each sector using uniform allocation and sector targeting were compared for N and P loading reductions separately and N and P reductions simultaneously. The difference between sector targeting and uniform allocation showed the sector targeting was the more cost effective approach to achieve the desired nutrient reduction compared to uniform allocation. From the agricultural sector, cropland and hayland buffers provided the best options for reducing both N and P. Urban BMPs are least efficient in term of nutrient reduction and cost. Similarly, for point source upgrade, Broadway has the lowest cost of upgrade per unit of N or P reduction. This study implies that both stakeholders and policymakers can use targeting to achieve nutrient reduction goals at lower costs. The policymakers can incorporate economic considerations in the TMDL planning process which can help in developing a cost-effective tributary strategy and cost-share program.Master of Science
9
Burk, Neil I. "Geochemistry of Ground Water - Surface Water Interactions and Metals Loading Rates in the North Fork of the American Fork River, Utah, from an Abandoned Silver/Lead Mine." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6735.
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The aqueous geochemistry and hydrology of the North Fork of the American Fork River, its tributaries, and the ground water in the vicinity of the Pacific Mine site were investigated in order to determine what impact ground water entering the North Fork has on toxic metal loads in the river. Toxic metal contamination in the North Fork is great enough that brown and cutthroat trout have absorbed lead, cadmium, and arsenic in their tissues at concentrations that are hazardous to human health if consumed. Ground water that flows through the mine site flows directly through the mine tailings before entering the North Fork, which produces an acidic ground water plume that has high concentrations of toxic metals. Together, the surface water discharge results and toxic metals concentrations from the surface and ground waters were used to determine toxic metals loading rates in the North Fork and its tributaries. The results suggest that the dissolved toxic metals (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) enter the North Fork when the river is gaining water from the ground water. However, the total toxic metal load generally decreases through the reach of river adjacent to the mine site and is significantly greater than the dissolved load. Cadmium and Mn travel as dissolved species while Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn travel as suspended solids in the North Fork and its tributaries. Arsenic seems to be associated with both the suspended solids and travel in the dissolved state. The geochemical modeling program PHREEQC and the diffuse double layer surface complexation model were used to investigate the chemistry that controls toxic metal mobility and attenuation in the surface and ground waters at the mine site. Based on PHREEQC results, the most important reaction in these waters is the precipitation of hydrous fe1Tic oxide. The toxic metals that sorb to the hydrous ferric oxide are Cu, Pb, most importantly Zn, and to a lesser degree As.
10
Henley, William F. "Recovery status and chemosensory cues affecting reproduction of freshwater mussles in the North Fork Holston River downstream of Saltville, Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09182008-063340/.
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Leftwich, Kevin Ned. "Habitat models for predicting the occurrence of blotchside logperch (Percina burtoni) and tangerine darters (P. aurantiaca) in the North Fork Holston River and Little River, Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063258/.
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Gurung, Kumari. "ASSESSING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FROM THE FORESTRY-BASED RECLAMATION OF SURFACE MINED AREAS IN THE NORTH FORK OF THE KENTUCKY RIVER WATERSHED." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/43.
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Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes can take place at the expense of degrading environmental conditions and undermining ecosystem’s capacity to deliver benefits to people. In the Appalachian region, surface mining for coal is a major driver of LULC change. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977 requires mine site reclamation but typical reclamation practices often result in land cover dominated by grass and shrubs. The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) is a promising reclamation strategy but not in widespread use by industry. Assessing ecosystem services that can be obtained from a forest landscape may help policy-makers and other stakeholders fully understand the benefits of forestry based reclamation. The objectives of this study are to 1) identify how surface mining and reclamation changed the LULC of a watershed encompassing the north fork of the Kentucky River 2) assess the biophysical value of four major ecosystem services under the contemporary LULC condition and 3) assess the benefits of the FRA scenario in the provision of ecosystem services. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to study the LULC change and InVEST software models for ecosystem services assessment. The results indicate that watershed’s forest area has decreased by 7,751 hectares from 2001 to 2011 and mining activity may have contributed 75% of the change in LULC. Barren and grassland land covers provide less carbon storage, yield more water, and export more sediments and nutrients than forests. At the watershed level, the FRA modeled scenario increased carbon storage (13%) and reduced water yield (5%), sediment export (40%) and nutrient export (7%). This study provides critical information regarding the ecological benefits of Forestry Reclamation Approach to assist policy and decision making in this region even considering the modeling and data limitations.
13
Brown, Megan Elizabeth. "Geochemical and Taphonomic Signatures of Freshwater Mussel Shells as Evidence of Mercury-Related Extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33028.
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This study utilized freshwater mussel shells to assess the role of mercury contamination in the North Fork Holston River, an aquatic habitat affected by extensive extirpations of mussel populations starting in the early 1970â s. Mussel shells (n=366) collected from 5 sites, upstream and downstream of Saltville (where mercury was used from 1950-1972) were analyzed to test if: (1) geochemical signatures of shells record variation in mercury levels relative to the contamination source; and (2) shell taphonomy could be used to differentiated affected and unaffected sites.
Analysis of 40 shells for geochemical signatures using atomic absorption spectroscopy indicated a strong longitudinal pattern. Mercury content was as follows: upstream sites had low Hg concentrations (<5 to 31ppb), shells directly below Saltville had high concentrations (23-4,637ppb), shells 18km downstream of Saltville displayed intermediate values (7-115ppb), and those 38.4km downstream were comparable to upstream sites (<10ppb). Two pre-industrial shells collected from Saltville in 1917 also yielded Hg estimates (5-6ppb) comparable with upstream estimates. The Hg content was not correlated with shell length (r=-0.3; p=0.2) or degree of taphonomic alteration (r=0.18; p=0.28). Analysis of 366 shells for taphonomic signatures indicated that shells are most heavily altered and fragmented directly downstream of Saltville. In contrast, upstream sites, inhabited by reproducing mussel populations, contain many fresh-dead shells. Taphonomic signatures can thus be used to differentiate sites with different extirpation histories. Relic mussel shells can provide useful spatial and temporal data on Hg concentrations in polluted ecosystems and offer a tool for delineating areas with unknown extirpation histories.Master of Science
14
Echols, Brandi Shontia. "An Ecotoxicological Evaluation of the North Fork Holston River below Saltville, Virginia and Identification of Potential Stressors to Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia:Unionidae)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42297.
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Mercury contamination of the North Fork Holston River below Saltville, Virginia has nearly extirpated most mussel populations. Because natural recovery of these populations has not occurred, this research combined field and laboratory assessments to determine the extent of ecological impairment in the river. In situ 60-day Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) growth studies in 2005 showed a positive correlation (p=0.03) between low clam growth and sediment mercury levels. Because of severe low flow conditions of the NFHR in late 2005 conductivity dissipation from a point source brine discharge downstream rarely reached background level (~345 µS/cm) and was observed as high as 690 µS/cm 640 m below the discharge site. In addition, conductivity doubled in the river section adjacent to the remediated Ponds 5 and 6 (rm 81.6 and 80.4). Such low flow conditions (mean flow < 50 ft3/sec) occur in the NFHR approximately every five years. This low flow situation also evidenced a thick white flocculent or floc observed to accumulate at the base of the two remediated ponds. Analysis of the flocculent determined it to be high in aluminum (1.9-38 mg/L) and iron (2.0-51.0 mg/L), well above US Environmental Protection Agency Water Quality Criteria limits (0.0087 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively); riverine sediments collected below the accumulated floc also had high levels of calcium (240,000-380,000 mg/kg) and mercury(0.62-1.7 mg/kg). Acute tests with juveniles of Villosa iris and <24-hr old Ceriodaphnia dubia were used to measure the toxicity of the brine discharge, which had a conductivity of ~ 14,000 µS/cm. Results of these tests indicated C. dubia to be more sensitive than V. iris; however, chronic toxicity test results were similar for V. iris and C. dubia. The Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (LOAEC) for mussel survivorship after 28 days was 10,000 µS/cm, while the LOAEC for growth was 5,000 µS/cm. LOAECs for the C. dubia 7-day chronic were 25 % (survivorship) and 12.5 % (reproduction), while mean conductivity at these two concentrations was 4,054 and 2,211 µS/cm, respectively. Toxicity tests conducted with Pond 6 dyke cut discharges resulted in similar lethal concentrations for C. dubia and V. iris. Forty-eight hour LC50s of these discharges ranged from 12.07-15.95 % for C. dubia, and 17.36-18.95 % for V. iris. Dyke cut discharges also exhibited exceedingly high alkaline pH (11.5-12.2), which caused 100 % mortality to C. dubia in 15 min. The Pond 5 and 6 dyke discharges are the likely source for the flocculent accumulation at the base of the two remediated pond areas. The combined effect of mercury, aluminum and iron, along with periodic fluxes of high conductivity and alkaline pH during low flow conditions may contribute to low mussel recruitment downstream of Saltville, VA.Master of Science
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Schmidt, Travis Scott. "Development and Implementation of Integrative Bioassessment Techniques to Delineate Small Order Acid Mine Drainage Impacted Streams of the North Fork Powell River, Southwestern Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35095.
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) results from the oxidation of pyretic mineralogy, exposed by
mining operations to oxygen and water. This reaction produces sulfuric acid and
liberates heavy metals from the surrounding mineralogy and impairs water quality and
freshwater communities. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has begun an ecosystem
restoration project to remediate the abandoned mine land (AML) impacts to the North
Fork Powell River (NFP) and is utilizing the ecotoxicological rating (ETR) system to
delineate these affects to focus restoration efforts. The ETR was developed to summarize
the integrative data into a single number ranging from 0 to 100, which is descriptive of
the environmental integrity of a sampling station. The ETR is conceptualized to work as
an academic grading scale (0 through 100), rating reference stations with A's (90-100)
and B's (80-89) and impacted stations with C's (70-80), D's (60-70) and failures (F =
60). Two rounds of ETR investigations have evaluated seven headwater tributaries to
the NFP including investigations of Ely and Puckett's Creek from 1997 and 1998. This
thesis contains the results of the second series of ETR investigations at 41 stations in Cox
Creek, Jone's Creek, Reed's Creek, Summers Fork, Straight Creek, and areas in the NFP.
Eight stations were recommended for reclamation; CC 03, JCRF2 02, JCRF2 01, RCPS
09B, RCPS 11B, SULF 01, SU 02, and SU 01. Summers Fork was the most severely
impacted watershed of the second round of ETR investigations. An effort to streamline
the ETR to the most ecologically predictive parameters was successful in creating a
system more time and cost efficient then the initial ETRs and exclusive of benthic
macroinvertebrate surveys. The Modified ETR streamlined the ETR to just 5 parameters
including; mean conductivity, mean Asian clam survival, mean aluminum (Al) and
manganese (Mn) in the water column, and mean habitat score to describe the AMD
impacts to small headwater streams. Also, an investigation was conducted to determine
the mode of toxicity, (i.e., exposures to metal contaminated surface waters or sediments)
by which Al and iron (Fe) dominated AMD impairs benthic macroinvertebrate
communities. It was found that water column exposures both within and beyond the zone
of pH depression are the most likely mode by which AMD impairs the benthic
macroinvertebrate communities of the NFP.Master of Science
16
Rijal, Rajan. "Soil and Forest Variation by Topography and Succession Stages in the Greenbelt Corridor, Floodplain of the Elm Fork of the Trinity River, North Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84268/.
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The Greenbelt Corridor (GBC), located in a floodplain of the Elm Fork of the Trinity River, contains patches of bottomland forest and serves as part of Lake Lewisville’s flood control backwaters. This study examines forest structure and composition in relation to topographic position and forest stage in the GBC. Thirty two plots were surveyed within various stage classes, topographic positions, and USDA soil types. Trees were identified and measured for height and DBH. Density, basal area, and importance value for each of species was calculated. Soil and vegetation were analyzed using ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis, Canonical Correlation, Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Tests confirmed that calcium carbonate and pH show significant differences with topographic positions but not with forest stage. Potassium shows no significant difference with soil texture class. Sand shows a strong negative correlation with moisture, organic matter, organic carbon and negative correlation with calcium carbonate and potassium. Silt shows positive correlation with moisture, organic matter, organic carbon, and calcium carbonate. Clay shows strong positive correlation with moisture, organic matter and organic carbon but negative correlations with pH. Swamp privet is dominant tree types in wetland forest. Sugarberry cedar elm, green ash and American elm are widely distributed species in the study area covering low ridges, flats, and slough. In total, density is significantly different in wetland low forest and late successional stage and basal area is significantly different in early successional stage and late successional stage. Other results show that clay is negatively correlated with American elm but positively correlated with cedar elm. Organic matter and moisture shows a strong positive correlation with cedar elm. Calcium carbonate is associated with green ash and swamp privet, sand is associated with sugarberry and red mulberry, silt and pH with cedar elm and bur oak.
17
Anderson, Alvin D. "Geology of the Phil Pico Mountain Quadrangle, Daggett County, Utah, and Sweetwater County, Wyoming." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2384.pdf.
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Brenkman, Samuel J. "Factors influencing spawning migration of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the North Fork Skokomish River, Olympic National Park, Washington." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33779.
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Distribution and life history characteristics of lacustrine-adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus
confluentus) were described in the North Fork Skokomish River Basin (including Lake
Cushman, a reservoir) from 1994 to 1996. Day snorkeling was conducted in the river to
determine initiation of the bull trout spawning migration, abundance of spawners, and
duration of spawning. Declining photoperiod, increased river discharge, and decreased
water temperature appeared to influence timing of migration and spawning. Lacustrine-adfluvial
bull trout typically entered the North Fork Skokomish River in October although
some fish entered as early as May. Mean lengths of spawners consistently increased from
June to December 1996, and early migrating bull trout were shorter than those fish that
entered after river discharge increased in October. The presence of two phases of the
spawning migration may be indicative of two populations spawning in the river. Bull trout
spawned between mid-September and December in the river and tributaries after water
temperatures declined. All spawning occurred at temperatures less than 7.5��C.
Comparisons with studies of other lacustrine-adfiuvial bull trout populations that inhabit
river and reservoir complexes suggested that bull trout exhibit specific migratory strategies
related to local environmental conditions. In the North Fork Skokomish River, changes in
abundance of bull trout, mountain whitefish (Prosopium wilhamsom), cutthroat trout
(Oncorhynchus dark), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) revealed distinct
temporal segregation among these species. Olympic National Park, a designated
Biosphere Reserve, contains one of the largest remaining areas of relatively pristine habitat
in the range of bull trout. Knowledge of responses of bull trout to changes in river
discharge and temperature from relatively undisturbed systems, such as the North Fork
Skokomish River, may be useful in understanding patterns observed in degraded
environments.Graduation date: 1998
19
Pearson, Monte L. "Geomorphological analysis of North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 1980-1984 /." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9034.
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Hayes, Patricia J. "Watershed modeling and uncertainty analysis for the North Fork Broad River, Georgia, USA." 2004. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/hayes%5Fpatricia%5Fj%5F200408%5Fms.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Georgia, 2004.Directed by David E. Radcliffe. Includes an article submitted to The journal of soil and water conservation. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-57).
21
"Hiker impacts on aquatic invertebrate assemblages in the North Fork of the Virgin River in Zion National Park, Utah." UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1454882.
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Rarey, Phillip Jay. "Geology of the Hamlet-North Fork of the Nehalem River area, southern Clatsop and northernmost Tillamook Counties, northwest Oregon /." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9473.
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Benson, Nathan C. "The ecological impact of fire suppression on the north fork of the Flathead River drainage of Glacier National Park." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28577114.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1993.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-98).