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1

CORFIELD, JEREMY, LEN GILLMAN, and STUART PARSONS. "VOCALIZATIONS OF THE NORTH ISLAND BROWN KIWI (APTERYX MANTELLI)." Auk 125, no. 2 (April 2008): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.06234.

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2

TABORSKY, BARBARA, and MICHAEL TABORSKY. "Spatial organization of the North Island Brown Kiwi Apteryx australis mantelli: sex, pairing status and territoriality." Ibis 134, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1992.tb07222.x.

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3

Taborsky, Barbara, and Michael Taborsky. "Social Organization of North Island Brown Kiwi: Long-term Pairs and Three Types of Male Spacing Behaviour." Ethology 89, no. 1 (April 26, 2010): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1991.tb00292.x.

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4

JENSEN, THOMAS, KAREN J. NUTT, BRUCE S. SEAL, LUIZA B. FERNANDES, and BARBARA DURRANT. "PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the North Island brown kiwi, Apteryx mantelli." Molecular Ecology Resources 8, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01970.x.

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5

Jamieson, Sarah E., Isabel Castro, Thomas Jensen, Kyle W. Morrison, and Barbara Durrant. "Roosting Preferences of North Island Brown Kiwis (Apteryx mantelli)." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 128, no. 4 (December 2016): 857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/15-064.1.

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6

Wisker, Joannah. "Egg yolk coelomitis in a North Island brown kiwi." Veterinary Nurse 1, no. 2 (November 2010): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2010.1.2.101.

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7

Shaw, Stephanie D., and Tony Billing. "Karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus) Toxicosis in North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 9, no. 3 (September 2006): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2006.05.014.

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8

Liu, Jia, Qing-xia Ding, and Li-zhi Gao. "The complete mitochondrial genome of North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2016.1186511.

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9

Prinzinger, Roland, and Volker Dietz. "Pre- and postnatal energetics of the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 131, no. 4 (April 2002): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00010-7.

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10

Palma, Ricardo L. "A new species ofRallicola(Insecta: Phthiraptera : Philopteridae) from the North Island brown kiwi." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 21, no. 4 (December 1991): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.1991.10420829.

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11

Hill, F. I., A. J. Woodgyer, and M. A. Lintott. "Cryptococcosis in a North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx australis mantelli) in New Zealand." Medical Mycology 33, no. 5 (January 1995): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681219580000621.

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12

French, Adrienne F., Fernanda Castillo-Alcala, Kristene R. Gedye, Wendi D. Roe, and Brett D. Gartrell. "Nematode larva migrans caused by Toxocara cati in the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 11 (April 2020): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.02.011.

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13

Scofield, R. P., J. R. Wood, L. de Nascimento, H. A. Robertson, R. M. Colbourne, V. L. De Pietri, J. Innes, and J. T. Weir. "Identification of the type locality of the South Island Brown Kiwi Apteryx australis." Conservation Genetics 22, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-021-01349-y.

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14

Pierce, R. J., and I. M. Westbrooke. "Call count responses of North Island brown kiwi to different levels of predator control in Northland, New Zealand." Biological Conservation 109, no. 2 (February 2003): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00134-9.

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15

Potter, Murray A., Wouter H. Hendriks, Roger G. Lentle, Donald V. Thomas, Charlotte J. Minson, and Nicola B. Pindur. "An exploratory analysis of the suitability of diets fed to a flightless insectivore, the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), in New Zealand." Zoo Biology 29, no. 5 (October 8, 2009): 537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20283.

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16

Potter, M. A., and J. F. Cockrem. "Plasma levels of sex steroids in the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx australis mantelli) in relation to time of year and stages of breeding." General and Comparative Endocrinology 87, no. 3 (September 1992): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(92)90049-p.

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17

Buddle, B. M., G. W. de Lisle, K. McColl, B. J. Collins, C. Morrissy, and H. A. Westbury. "Response of the North Island brown kiwi,Apteryx australis mantelliand the lesser short-tailed bat,Mystacina tuberculata to a measured dose of rabbit haemorrhagic disease viru." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 45, no. 3 (January 6, 1997): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1997.36004.

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18

Krebs, Charles J., Donald Reid, Alice J. Kenney, and Scott Gilbert. "Fluctuations in lemming populations in north Yukon, Canada, 2007–2010." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 4 (April 2011): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-004.

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We estimated population density of brown lemmings ( Lemmus sibiricus (Kerr, 1792)), Greenland collared lemmings ( Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Traill, 1823)), and tundra voles ( Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776)) on Herschel Island from 2007 to 2010 by mark–recapture on three live-trapping areas. Limited data were also available from Komakuk Beach on the north Yukon coast. In contrast to most previous studies, brown and collared lemmings were partly out of phase. Brown lemmings on Herschel reached peak density in 2007–2008 and were low in 2009–2010, while collared lemmings were at peak density i
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19

Cronin, M. A., M. M. McDonough, H. M. Huynh, and R. J. Baker. "Genetic relationships of North American bears (Ursus) inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA sequences." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 9 (September 2013): 626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0078.

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The three species of bears in North America, polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774), brown bears (Ursus arctos L., 1758), and black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780), have differentiated morphologies and nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. An exception is a paraphyletic mitochondrial DNA relationship and some nuclear gene lineages common to polar bears and a population of brown bears from islands in southeast Alaska. In this study, we quantified the genetic relationships of extant brown bears and black bears from Alaska and Montana, and polar bears from Alaska, with amplified fragment l
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20

Luter, Heidi M., Steve Whalan, and Nicole S. Webster. "Prevalence of tissue necrosis and brown spot lesions in a common marine sponge." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 4 (2010): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09200.

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Sponges form a highly diverse and ecologically significant component of benthic communities. Despite their importance, disease dynamics in sponges remain relatively unexplored. There are reports of severe disease epidemics in sponges from the Caribbean and the Mediterranean; however, extensive sponge mortalities have not yet been reported from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and Torres Strait, north-eastern Australia. Marine sponge surveys were conducted in the Palm Islands on the central GBR and Masig Island, Torres Strait, to determine the health of the Demosponge Ianthella basta. Using tissue
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21

Pilgrim, Neil G., Joanna L. Smith, Keith Moore, and Anthony J. Gaston. "Nest site characteristics of cavity-nesting birds on a small island, in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 133, no. 4 (May 8, 2020): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v133i4.2277.

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Many studies of cavity-nesting birds in North America are conducted in large continental forests and much less is known about them in island ecosystems. We describe a 29-year study of tree species, nest site characteristics, and fledge dates of cavity-nesting birds on a small island in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia (BC). Seven cavity-nesting bird species were documented on East Limestone Island and 463 nests were found in 173 different trees. Nest trees were significantly taller and had a greater diameter than a random sample of snags. Tree height did not differ among bird species but diameter
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22

Dedual, M., I. D. Maxwell, J. W. Hayes, and R. R. Strickland. "Distribution and movements of brown (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Lake Otamangakau, central North Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 34, no. 4 (December 2000): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2000.9516962.

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23

Trembath, D. F., and S. Fearn. "Body sizes, activity times, food habits and reproduction of brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) (Serpentes:Colubridae) from tropical north Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 3 (2008): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08008.

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Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) are medium to large colubrid snakes that are relatively common within the eastern and northern parts of tropical Australia. An invasive population on Guam in the western Pacific has resulted in B. irregularis being one of the most studied snakes on earth. However, no field studies have ever been conducted on Australian populations. During a seven-year period we collected data on 265 field-caught specimens in north Queensland. These snakes were from three populations and provided data on body sizes, activity times, food habits and reproduction. B. irregular
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24

Larson, Ronald J., and Daphne G. Fautin. "Stauromedusae of the genus Manania (= Thaumatoscyphus) (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in the northeast Pacific, including descriptions of new species Manania gwilliami and Manania handi." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 1543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-219.

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Manania gwilliami n.sp. and Manania handi n.sp., stauromedusae belonging to the family Depastridae, are described from the west coast of North America. They are differentiated from the one species of the genus previously known from that area, M. distincta (Kishinouye, 1910) by shape, color, habitat, and geographic range. Specimens of M. gwilliami are generally red and those of M. handi are green; both lack the dark brown herringbone patterning of M. distincta medusae. Manania gwilliami is widely distributed from Mexico to Canada in exposed shallow-water coastal habitats, whereas M. handi has b
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25

Cockrem, JF. "Timing of seasonal breeding in birds, with particular reference to New Zealand birds." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 1 (1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9950001.

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A model to explain the timing of seasonal breeding in birds is presented. It is assumed that, despite the wide range in egg-laying seasons, there are common physiological mechanisms which underlie seasonality in birds and that most, if not all, birds are photoperiodic. Birds are considered to possess an internal rhythm of reproduction which is synchronized with seasonal changes in the environment by external factors, particularly the annual cycle of daylength. The rhythm consists, at least in part, of regular changes in the photoperiodic response between states of photosensitivity and photoref
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26

VIIDALEPP, JAAN, AARE LINDT, and HONGXIANG HAN. "Pelagodes cancriformis, a new emerald moth species from the north of Thailand, Laos and southern China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae: Geometrinae)." Zootaxa 3478, no. 1 (September 11, 2012): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.38.

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Guenée (1858) described the genus Thalassodes for T. pilaria Guenée from Loyality Island (Tahiti) and some allied species. Prout (1912) revised the genus, listing 32 taxa from the Old World, and later (Prout 1933) listed forty species and divided Thalassodes into four unnamed sections according to habitus and structure of the male legs. Holloway (1996) divided Thalasssodes into three genera using genitalic charactersa and grouped 16 species in genus Pelagodes Holloway (type species: Thalassodes aucta Prout, 1912). Scoble (1999) attributed 22 species to the genus. Later, Inoue (2003, 2005, 2006
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27

Watson, RA, CT Turnbull, and KJ Derbyshire. "Identifying tropical penaeid recruitment patterns." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 1 (1996): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960077.

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Knowledge of recruitment patterns is a requisite for modern fisheries management. These patterns can range in complexity from a single pulse of identically sized and aged prawns, which is often assumed in fisheries models, to continuous recruitment by prawns of several ages. Existing techniques used to identify recruitment patterns range from the ad hoc use of size limits to more complex methods that examine changes in length-frequency modes through time. A model that allowed variable growth of individuals was used to simulate monthly length-frequency fisheries data from a range of recruitment
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28

PELSER, PIETER B., KIM JOHN S. DOBLE, PETER O’BYRNE, PAUL ORMEROD, and JULIE F. BARCELONA. "Gastrodia cajanoae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Gastrodieae), a new species from the Philippines." Phytotaxa 266, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.1.9.

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Gastrodia Brown (1810: 330) is a holomycotrophic terrestrial orchid genus of c. 65 species with an Old World distribution and centre of diversity in Southeast Asia (Cribb et al. 2010, Huang et al. 2015, Ong 2015). In the Philippines, two species are thus far known: G. javanica (Blume, 1825: 421) Lindley (1840: 384) and G. verrucosa Blume (1856: 175). Both have a widespread distribution in northern Malesia and southern East Asia. During fieldwork for the Co’s Digital Flora of the Philippine project (Pelser et al. 2011 onwards) in early December 2012, Gastrodia plants were photographed that belo
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29

Bradshaw, SD, KD Morris, CR Dickman, PC Withers, and D. Murphy. "Field Metabolism and Turnover in the Golden Bandicoot (Isoodon-Auratus) and Other Small Mammals From Barrow Island, Western-Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 1 (1994): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940029.

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Barrow Island, which lies about 90 km north of Onslow off the arid Western Australian Pilbara coast, experienced its driest year on record in 1990 with a total of only 122.4 mm of rain. Golden bandicoots captured in November 1990 evidenced poor condition and mean body mass was a low 242.6 +/- 10.9 g with-a total body water content (TBW) of 76.3 +/- 1.4%. Despite this substantial loss of body water and solids, the animals maintained water and electrolyte balance during the period of turnover [water influx 79.5 +/- 6.9 v. efflux 83.3 +/- 5-7 mL (kg0.82 day)-1 and sodium influx 4.9 +/- 0.7 v. eff
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30

Shaughnessy, P. D., T. E. Dennis, and P. G. Seager. "Status of Australian sea lions, Neophoca cinerea, and New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, on Eyre Peninsula and the far west coast of South Australia." Wildlife Research 32, no. 1 (2005): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03068.

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Two seal species breed on the west coast of South Australia, the Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea, and the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri. Aerial surveys were conducted at intervals of ~3 months between April 1995 and June 1997 to determine the breeding status of sea lions and timing of pupping seasons. Ground surveys between October 1994 and April 2004 aimed at counting sea lions and fur seals, particularly pups. In all, 27 sites were examined. Six new sea lion breeding colonies were documented, at Four Hummocks, Price, North Rocky, Dorothee, West Waldegrave and Nicolas Bau
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31

JOHNSON, JEFFREY W., and JESSICA WORTHINGTON WILMER. "Three new species of Parapercis (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae) and first records of P. muronis (Tanaka, 1918) and P. rubromaculata Ho, Chang & Shao, 2012 from Australia." Zootaxa 4388, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.2.1.

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Three new species of pinguipedid fishes from northern Australia are described based on specimens collected by deep water demersal trawling. Parapercis algrahami sp. nov. is recorded from off Dunk Island, Qld, south to Newcastle, NSW, in 67–333 m. It is distinct in having five narrow transverse dark bars across the upper body and a dark spot dorsally on the caudal-fin base, 6 canine teeth in outer row at front of lower jaw, palatines with 1–2 rows of teeth, and predorsal scales extending far forward on the nape to the posterior portion of the interorbital region. Parapercis imamurai sp. nov. is
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32

Undin, Malin, Peter J. Lockhart, Simon F. K. Hills, Doug P. Armstrong, and Isabel Castro. "Mixed Mating in a Multi-Origin Population Suggests High Potential for Genetic Rescue in North Island Brown Kiwi, Apteryx mantelli." Frontiers in Conservation Science 2 (August 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2021.702128.

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Reinforcement translocations are increasingly utilised in conservation with the goal of achieving genetic rescue. However, concerns regarding undesirable results, such as genetic homogenisation or replacement, are widespread. One factor influencing translocation outcomes is the rate at which the resident and the introduced individuals interbreed. Consequently, post-release mate choice is a key behaviour to consider in conservation planning. Here we studied mating, and its consequences for genomic admixture, in the North Island brown kiwi Apteryx mantelli population on Ponui Island which was fo
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33

Heck, Christian T., and Holly N. Woodward. "Intraskeletal bone growth patterns in the North Island Brown Kiwi ( Apteryx mantelli ): Growth mark discrepancy and implications for extinct taxa." Journal of Anatomy, July 13, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13503.

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34

San Juan, Priscilla A., Isabel Castro, and Manpreet K. Dhami. "Captivity reduces diversity and shifts composition of the Brown Kiwi microbiome." Animal Microbiome 3, no. 1 (July 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00109-0.

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Abstract Background Captive rearing is often critical for animals that are vulnerable to extinction in the wild. However, few studies have investigated the extent to which captivity impacts hosts and their gut microbiota, despite mounting evidence indicating that host health is affected by gut microbes. We assessed the influence of captivity on the gut microbiome of the Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), a flightless bird endemic to New Zealand. We collected wild (n = 68) and captive (n = 38) kiwi feces at seven sites on the north island of New Zealand. Results Using bacterial 16 S rRNA and fungal
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35

Bansal, Natasha, William E. Pomroy, Allen C. G. Heath, and Isabel Castro. "Aspects of the development of Ixodes anatis under different environmental conditions in the laboratory and in the field." Parasites & Vectors 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04601-z.

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Abstract Background Numerous laboratory and fewer field-based studies have found that ixodid ticks develop more quickly and survive better at temperatures between 18 °C and 26 °C and relative humidity (RH) between 75 and 94%. Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904, is an endophilic, nidicolous species endemic to North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) (NIBK) and the tokoeka (Apteryx australis), and little is known about the environmental conditions required for its development. The aims of this study were to determine and compare the conditions of temperature and RH that ensure the best survival of th
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36

Di Martino, Emanuela, Paul D. Taylor, Dennis P. Gordon, and Lee Hsiang Liow. "New bryozoan species from the Pleistocene of the Wanganui Basin, North Island, New Zealand." European Journal of Taxonomy, no. 345 (August 22, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.345.

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Three new fossil bryozoan species, a ctenostome and two cheilostomes, are described and figured from Pleistocene strata of the Wanganui Basin, New Zealand. Buskia waiinuensis sp. nov., a soft-body ctenostome preserved as a mould bioimmuration, is the first fossil record of the genus from New Zealand. Microporella rusti sp. nov., which is notable for the lack of ooecia in the large suite of colonies available, is one of the most common bryozoans in the Nukumaru Limestone and Nukumaru Brown Sand shellbeds, forming large encrusting sheet-like colonies, but is uncommon in younger beds. Rare, small
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37

Dedual, Michel. "Spawning runs of naturalised rainbow and brown trout from Lake Otamangakau, central North Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, June 14, 2021, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2021.1938145.

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38

Endo, Yu, Naoki Osada, Tsutomu Mano, and Ryuichi Masuda. "Demographic history of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) on Hokkaido Island, Japan, based on whole-genomic sequence analysis." Genome Biology and Evolution, August 19, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab195.

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Abstract Previous studies of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) on Hokkaido Island, Japan, have detected three geographically distinct subpopulations representing different mitochondrial lineages and shown that gene flow between subpopulations has occurred due to male-biased dispersal. In this study, we determined whole-genomic sequences for six Hokkaido brown bears and analyzed these data along with previously published genomic sequences of 17 brown bears from other parts of the world. We found that the Hokkaido population is genetically distinct from the other populations, keeping genetic diversi
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39

Boylan, Patrick, Detlev Helmig, and Samuel Oltmans. "Ozone in the Atlantic Ocean marine boundary layer." Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 3 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000045.

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Abstract In situ atmospheric ozone measurements aboard the R/V Ronald H. Brown during the 2008 Gas-Ex and AMMA research cruises were compared with data from four island and coastal Global Atmospheric Watch stations in the Atlantic Ocean to examine ozone transport in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Ozone measurements made at Tudor Hill, Bermuda, were subjected to continental outflow from the east coast of the United States, which resulted in elevated ozone levels above 50 ppbv. Ozone measurements at Cape Verde, Republic of Cape Verde, approached 40 ppbv in springtime and were influenced by out
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