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Shāh, Sayyid Vaqār ʿAlī. "Muslim politics in the North-West Frontier Province, 1937-1947." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:25cf19fa-51ab-4020-8bf8-19c339b517f9.
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This dissertation examines Muslim politics in the North-West Frontier Province of India between 1937 and 1947. It first investigates the nature of modern politics in the Frontier Province and its relationship with all-India politics. The N-WFP was the only Muslim majority province which supported the INC in its struggle to represent an Indian nation against the British raj, rather than of joining other Muslims in the AIML. The N-WFP had its own peculiar type of society, distinct from the rest of India. In the Frontier Province, Islam wa? iaierwoven to such an extent with Pashtoon society that it formed an essential and integral part of it; and the Pashtoons 1 sense of separate ethnic identity, within the bounds and framework of Islam, become an acknowledged fact. In this Muslim majority province, there was no fear of Hindu domination, as was prevalent among Muslims in Hindu majority provinces. This was a principal reason for the initial failure of ML to acquire support in the FP. The study also explores the rise of the Khudai Khidmatgars and the reasons for the preference of majority of the N-WFP Muslims for Congress. It argues that the coming together of the KKs and the Congress gave the former popularity, and an ally in all-India politics and the latter a significant base of support in a Muslim majority province. It elucidates the changing political contexts of the period 1937-47 and shows how loyalties were contingent on these circumstances. It is therefore not just about Frontier politics, but, at a deeper level, about the nature of evolving political identities in the sub-continent. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the All-India National Congress 'desertion' of the Frontier people on the eve of partition, the dismissal of the provincial Congress ministry by Jinnah, and the deeply ambiguous positions of the KKs in the context of the new nation of Pakistan.
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Leake, Elisabeth Mariko. "The politics of the north-west frontier of the Indian subcontinent, 1936-65." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608199.
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Kaufman, Anne Lee. "Shaping infinity American and Canadian women write a North American west /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/173.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: English Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Moreman, Timothy Robert. "'Passing it on' : the army in India and the development of frontier warfare 1849-1947." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/passing-it-on--the-army-in-india-and-the-development-of-frontier-warfare-18491947(f60ece93-45c9-44ab-b3a0-16f1625a1926).html.
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Banerjee, Mukulika. "A study of the Khudai khidmatgar movement 1930-1947 North West Frontier Province, British India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386474.
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Akram, Muhammad. "Growth of tubewell irrigation and agricultural development in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) ofPakistan." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360942.
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Hussain, Basharat. "Social reintegration of offenders : the role of the probation service in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2489.
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This thesis examines the role of the probation system in the social reintegration of offenders in NWFP, Pakistan. Probation is the punishment most widely associated with rehabilitation and helping offenders to lead law-abiding lives. The probation system in Pakistan has a colonial origin. The Probation Ordinance of 1960 has its origins in the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 (Amended 1923) passed into law by the British Colonial government. The passing of the probation law in 1960 was part of General Ayub Khan's attempt to modernise Pakistan. The central argument of this thesis is that the meaning of punishment changes when it is taken out of its cultural setting. The punishment of probation has no equivalent in Pakistani culture. Throughout this study, it was found that probation was perceived differently by the probation officers in the Reclamation and Probation Department (RPD) of NWFP Pakistan, the judicial magistrates who are empowered to grant probation orders and the offenders placed on probation. The result is a deluded system which was founded upon the rehabilitation ideal but which tries to offer an 'advice, assist and befriend' service. The empirical data showed that even that support was not provided. Probation officers measured their success in terms of how many people they were able to persuade judicial magistrates to release to them on probation. This made their job resemble that of the 19th century missionaries in England – 'saving souls'. It is argued that the problems of the RPD are due to lack of political support for the probation service in Pakistan, evidenced by its lack of identity and infrastructure. This has meant that the RPD has not 'evolved' enough to be able to meet its goals of rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders.
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Mian, Ihsanullah. "The mineralogy and geochemistry of the carbonatites, syenites and fenites of North West Frontier Province, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35068.
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Tertiary carbonatites occur along thrust planes at Loe Shilman in Kyber Agency and at Silai Patti in Malakand Agency, NW Pakistan. The Loe Shilman carbonatite sheet complex comprises an amphibole sovite which is intruded by a biotite sovite and an ankeritic dolomite carbonatite. These carbonatites have produced zoned fenites as a result of Na, K and Na+Mg+Fe fenitizing-fluids emanating from the amphibole sovite, biotite sovite and ankeritic dolomite carbonatite respectively. The fenites grading into unfenitized Palaeozoic thinly bedded slates and phyllites. The variation in the whole-rock and mineral chemistries of the fenites correlates with the distances from the carbonatite contact. These gradual variations in chemistry are attributed to the low permeability of the slates and phyllites. A path of fractionation from calcite-rich to dolomite-rich carbonatites can be distinguished, while the final-stages which return to the calcite-rich carbonate phase are recorded only in the carbonatite veins The Silai Patti carbonatite sheet complex comprises a biotite sovite which is intruded by an amphibole sovite. These sovites have induced K-and Na-fenitizations respectively in granite-gneisses, amphibolites, dolerites and quartzites. The chemical variations in the rocks and minerals of the fenites correspond with the degree of intensity of fenitization. The chemistry of amphiboles, micas and pyroxenes which are in equilibrium with the carbonatitic fenitizing fluids are typically magnesio-arfvedsonite, phlogopite and aegirine-augite respectively. It is proposed that the Na-rich carbonatite magmas are derived from the magma produced by liquid immiscibi1ity from phonolite, but the K-rich magma has evolved from the primitive Na-rich carbonatite magma by crystal fractionation.
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Johnson, Robert Andrew. "The Penjdeh Crisis and its impact on the Great Game and the defence of India, 1885-1897." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302660.
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Lentz, Sabine. "Rechtspluralismus in den Northern areas, Pakistan /." Köln : R. Köppe, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38874555x.
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Patterson, Margaret Madeline. "From medical relief to community health care : a case study of a non-governmental organisation (Frontier Primary Health Care) in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/817.
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This case study is designed to answer the question whether refugees can make a positive contribution to host countries, not simply as individual participants in economic activity, but by contributing to welfare. The thesis provides a detailed study of an NGO originally established to provide medical relief for refugees but which now provides basic health care for local people. Since 1995 this NGO has adopted a policy of providing the same basic care to refugees and to people in local Pakistani villages, thus making no distinction between refugees and the residents of a specific geographical area. The case study also shows that an NGO can be an appropriate and effective provider of primary health care (PHC) as promoted by the 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata. The thesis uses several approaches to demonstrate why this happened and how it was achieved. Firstly, it narrates the history over the twenty-year period 1980-2000 of an international health project originally started for a group of Afghan refugees, and its transformation in 1995 into an indigenous Pakistani NGO called “Frontier Primary Health Care (FPHC)”. Secondly, the study explores the theoretical utility and limitations of the PHC strategy generally. Thirdly, the thesis provides an analysis of the extent to which the underlying principles or “pillars” of PHC, that is, participation, inter-sectoral collaboration and equity have affected the process and outcomes of the project. Locating the case study in the Pakistani context provides evidence of the persistent difficulties and shortcomings of official government basic health care in Pakistan, particularly for rural poor people, showing that the field is open for other providers of health care, such as NGOs. The thesis goes on to discuss strengths and weaknesses of NGOs in general, and particularly as health care providers. In investigating characteristics of the NGO sector in Pakistan, the study pays special attention to the discrete health care system for Afghan refugees created in the early 1980s, including its introduction of Community Health Workers. In order to assess the impact of the NGO on people’s health, the study uses data from mother/child health and family planning programmes (as far as available) demonstrating that this NGO is a more effective provider than the other two agencies i.e. the Government of Pakistan and the Afghan Refugee Health Programme. Placing the NGO in this context also shows that it has a better understanding of the underlying “pillars” and has made more determined and effective efforts to implement them, especially in regard to community involvement. It is unusual for a project initially refugee-oriented to have matured sufficiently to be making a contribution, as a matter of formal policy, to basic welfare in the host country, itself a developing country. The study concludes that the significant factors in its success are continuity of leadership; boundaries of population, geography and administration; dependable income and material resources; rigorous supervision; support, but not takeover, by experienced consultants; capacity to use learning to adapt and move on; and sensitivity to local cultural norms. All these have enabled the project to survive and develop as an indigenous autonomous organisation beyond the twenty years covered by the case study. FPHC is still operational in 2004.
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Khan, Jahangir. "Constraints and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and forest management in the mountains of the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414581.
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Boback, John M. "Indian warfare, household competency, and the settlement of the western Virginia frontier, 1749 to 1794." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5155.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 221 p. : maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-208).
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Haroon, Sana. "Religious mobilisation and the construction of political space in the Indian North-West Frontier tribal areas in the early twentieth century." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415124.
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Christensen, R. O. "Conflict and change among the Khyber Afridis : a study of British policy and tribal society on the North-West Frontier, 1839-1947." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35540.
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This thesis is concerned with the relationship between one of the most important of the 'independent' Pakhtun tribes of the North-West Frontier and the British-Indian government during its century of administration of this strategically sensitive region. The study is based mainly on previously unconsulted records in the India Office Library and Records, London, and in archives in Pakistan. Additional material has been obtained through interviews with tribesmen, and with past and present frontier officials. Following the Introduction, the thesis is divided into four parts Part I surveys the most important aspects of tribal social organisation. Particular attention is given to those features of the Afridi economy, value-system and political structure which influenced or were influenced by the tribe's relationship with external government. The analysis, although based largely on historical material, includes a critical examination of relevant anthropological theory. Part II examines the strategic considerations underlying British policy on the North-West Frontier and government efforts to establish a satisfactory system of tribal 'management'. There is a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of such measures as the patient of tribal allowances and attempts to work through the traditional tribal leadership. Part III considers the impact of demographic growth, the opening up of new sources of income, and the development of new means of communication on Afridi society. In the long run such changes contributed to political tensions within the tribe, and generated new forms of conflict between tribe and government. Part IV looks at the main areas of conflict between the Afridis and the British administration, including such matters as tribal raiding. There is an analytical case- study of the tribal rising of 1897. Considerable attention is also given to the evolution of Afridi politics in the 20th century, under the influence of such factors as Afghan policy and Indian nationalism.
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Walters, Andrew John Charles. "Inter-war, inter-service friction on the North-West Frontier of India and its impact on the development and application of RAF doctrine." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7681/.
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India’s North-West Frontier was the one area where the British Raj could suffer a knockout blow from either external Russian invasion or internal revolt. Frontier defence was amongst the greatest burdens during India’s inter-War financial austerity. Despite the RAF’s operational and financial efficacy in 1920s Iraq, air control was never implemented on the Frontier and air power’s potential was never fully exploited. Instead, aircraft were employed to enhance the Army’s traditional battlefield capabilities, resulting in efficient tactical co-ordination during the 1930s Waziristan campaign - the RAF’s most operationally-active pre-War theatre. To address why air power was constrained on the Frontier, the Thesis examines the inter-War relationship between the Armies of India and the RAF and its impact on the development and application of RAF doctrine. It concludes that the conservatively-natured Indian Armies were slow to recognise the conceptual shift required to fully exploit air power. This entrenchment was reinforced by inter-Service rivalry and the threat of aircraft replacing land forces with a concomitant loss of political standing. The enduring high-level internecine conflict resulted in the squandering of both resources and the opportunity to test independent, ‘strategic’ air power theory prior to WWII. Its legacy impacted on Army-RAF relations into WWII.
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Johnston, Jason A. Taylor Stephen C. "Effective and efficient training and advising in Pakistan." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FJohnston.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Simons, Anna ; Second Reader: Sepp, Kalev. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Foreign Internal Defense (FID), Training and Advisory Assistance, Pakistan, Frontier Corps, Special Service Group (SSG), U.S. Army Special Forces, Tehrik e Taliban Pakistan (TTP), al-Qaeda, Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Waziristan Accord, Internal Defense and Development (IDAD), Security Force Assistance (SFA), International Military Education and Training (IMET), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom-Afghanistan (OEF-A), Unconventional Warfare (UW), counterinsurgency, Operational Planning and Assistance Training Teams (OPATT), Civilian Auxiliary Force-Geographical Unit (CAFGU), Joint Special Operations Task Force-Philippines (JSOTF-P), Operation Cyclone, Movimento Popular di Libertacao di Angola (MPLA), Security Assistance Training Program (SATP). Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-80). Also available in print.
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Zubair, Muḥammad. "An application of theory of planned behaviour and logistic regression models to understand farm level tree planting and its determinants in the district of Dera Ismail Khan of Pakistan's North West frontier province." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391267.
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Bianchi, Márcia. "Diversificação produtiva do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região fronteira noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul : uma análise de sua trajetória a partir dos mecanismos de transbordamento (spillover) e spin-off." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79048.
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Este estudo aborda a diversificação produtiva do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio da análise de sua trajetória a partir dos mecanismos de transbordamento (spillover) e spin-off. O cluster estudado se originou a partir de duas empresas-âncora que, inicialmente, eram voltadas a atividades advindas das tradições artesanais da marcenaria e da ferraria. A partir dessas atividades, o cluster se especializou no segmento metal-mecânico agrícola, mais especificadamente com a produção de colheitadeiras. Neste contexto, emerge a questão-problema que orienta este estudo: Qual a trajetória do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste, com foco na diversificação produtiva, a partir dos efeitos de transbordamento (spillover) e nos processos de spin-off desencadeados pelas empresas-âncora? Para atender à questão da pesquisa, se coloca como objetivo geral: analisar a trajetória do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região da Fronteira Noroeste, a partir dos efeitos de transbordamento (spillover) e nos processos de spin-off desencadeados pelas empresas-âncora. No que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos, foram utilizadas fontes de dados secundários e também foi realizada pesquisa de campo com levantamento de dados primários, para obter dados e informações que pudessem subsidiar a análise pretendida. Assim, foram aplicados questionários a gestores de empresas contempladas no estudo, prefeitos municipais, docentes de ensino superior e outros profissionais envolvidos com o desenvolvimento da região. Como principais resultados, o estudo evidencia que o cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste, na taxonomia de Markusen (1995), apresenta a configuração centro-radial, com complementaridade da tipologia plataforma industrial satélite. A principal característica do cluster é a especialização no setor metal-mecânico agrícola, com ênfase na produção de colheitadeiras. Esta característica perpassa todas as fases do ciclo de vida do cluster. Porém, a partir da fase de desenvolvimento há uma primeira iniciativa da diversificação começar por uma empresa-âncora, passando a produzir plantadeiras no ano de 1984, e uma segunda iniciativa da diversificação desta mesma empresa com a produção de tratores de roda a partir de 1996. O processo de diversificação produtiva do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste se intensifica por meio dos mecanismos de transbordamento (spillover) e spin-off, acelerando-se a partir das crises de 2004-2006 e 2008. A diversificação observada/detectada, porém, não corresponde ao estabelecimento de uma outra base produtiva e tecnológica. Continua a haver uma especialização no segmento metal-mecânico, mas ocorre uma diversificação de empresas e de produtos produzidos. Assim, a competitividade do cluster não depende somente de sua especialização, mas é potencializada a partir da sinergia criada pela especialização e diversificação.This study addresses the productive diversification of the metal-mechanic agricultural cluster of North West Frontier area in Rio Grande do Sul state, through the analysis of the trajectory from the mechanisms spillover and spin-off. The cluster studied originated from two basis companies that were initially aimed at logs craft traditions of woodworking and blacksmithing. From these activities, the cluster specializes in metalworking agricultural sector, more specifically with the production of combine harvesters. In this context, arise questions of problem that guide this study: What is the trajectory of the metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area, with a focus on diversification of production, from the spillover effects and spin-off processes triggered by basis companies? To answer the research question, arises as general objective: to analyze the trajectory of metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area, from the spillover effects and the spin-off process triggered by basis companies. Regarding the methodological procedures were used secondary data sources and was also conducted field research with primary data collection, to obtain data and information that could support the desired analysis. Thus, we applied questionnaires to managers of companies included in the study, mayors, professors and other professionals involved with the development of the region. As main results, the study showed that the of metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area, in the taxonomy of Markusen (1995), shows the center-radial configuration, with complementary typology satellite industrial platform. The main feature of the cluster is the specialization in the metal-mechanic agriculture sector, with emphasis on producing harvesters. This feature runs through all stages of the cluster life cycle. However, from the development phase there is a first initiative of diversification starting by a basis company, planters started producing in 1984, and a second initiative to diversify the same company with the production of tractors from 1996. The process of productive diversification of the metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area intensifies through the mechanisms spillover and spin-off, speeding up from the crises of 2004-2006 and 2008. The diversification observed / detected, however, does not correspond to the establishment of another productive and technological base. There is still a segment specialization in metal-mechanic, but there is a diversification of businesses and products produced. Thus, the competitiveness of the cluster not depends only his expertise, but is powered from the synergy created by specialization and diversification.
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Young, Ruth. "Agriculture and pastoralism in the late Bronze and Iron Age, North West frontier province, Pakistan : an integrated study of the archaeological plant and animal remains from rural and urban sites, using modern ethnographic information to develop a model of economic organisation and contact /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39071852r.
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Sleiman, Jorge. "A indústria agropecuária na fronteira noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-09012015-122121/.
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Este estudo aborda a atividade industrial vinculada à atividade agropecuária de um município de pequeno porte localizado na microrregião Fronteira Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Rosa que, nas últimas décadas, atraiu para sua região de abrangência investimentos industriais ligados à transformação dos produtos gerados pela agropecuária local: a soja, o milho, o trigo, o leite e o suíno, produzidos em grande parte em pequenas propriedades fundiárias. Uma destacada indústria dessa microrregião é a metalmecânica, que teve alicerçadas as primeiras plantas industriais montadoras de máquinas e produtoras de implementos agrícolas já na década de 1950 e que, à medida dos empreendimentos em tecnologia, melhoramento de produtividade no campo e formação de mão-de-obra especializada, tem aumentado a geração de renda na região de estudo. No transcurso de sua economia, a microrregião enfrentou diversos percalços, devidos por um lado ao modelo de produtividade local e, por outro, às dificuldades da política econômica brasileira vigente nos anos de 1980, quando o Governo deixa de subsidiar o setor produtivo primário da região, forçando uma reestruturação de sua economia. As lideranças regionais do RS procuraram estimular a vinda de novos empreendimentos e ao mesmo tempo evitar a fuga de capitais internos, especialmente do setor empresarial e do efetivo humano, consequência da intensificação do êxodo rural rumo a outras áreas melhor posicionadas economicamente. É quando entram em cena as políticas coordenadas que, envolvendo atores sociais, políticos e econômicos, buscaram melhorar a inserção da região nos contextos estadual e brasileiro e culminaram na criação recente dos Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento, dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais e dos Programas de Apoio aos Polos Tecnológicos. O estudo traça uma trajetória dos principais setores dessa indústria local e regional do Brasil, revelando alguns dos aspectos que têm marcado seu avanço entre meados do século XX e os dias atuaisThis study addresses the industrial activities of Santa Rosa, a small city located in the North West Frontier micro region of Rio Grande do Sul, and their linking to agriculture. In recent decades, Santa Rosa has attracted industrial investments related to the processing of local agricultural products, such as soybeans, corn, wheat, milk and pork, mostly farmed on small estates. In this scenario, metalworking has played a major role since the foundation of the first industrial plants for the production of machinery and agricultural implements, in the 1950s. It has developed technology, improved productivity and trained specialized manpower, increasing the income generation in the study area. Over the period, however, Santa Rosa region has faced some mishaps. This were due firstly to the local production model, and secondly, to the Brazilian economic policy in the 1980s when the government stopped subsidizing the primary productive sector of the region, which led the municipality to restructure its economy. Regional leaders of Rio Grande do Sul sought to encourage the coming of new ventures and at the same time prevent the outflow of domestic capital, especially the business class and working class, caused by the intensifying rural exodus towards other better economically positioned areas. Coordinated policies involving social, political and economic players then came into play aiming at better integration of the region at the state and national levels culminating in the mid -1990s in the creation of the Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento COREDES (regional development councils), Arranjos Produtivos Locais APL (local production arrangements) and Programas de Apoio aos Polos Tecnológicos (programs to support technological poles). The study traces a trajectory the main sectors of this local and regional industry in Brazil, revealing some of the aspects that have marked its development from the mid-twentieth century to present day
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Liljegren, Henrik. "Towards a grammatical description of Palula : An Indo-Aryan language of the Hindu Kush." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/su/abstract.xsql?dbid=7511.
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Clifford, Joseph. "Frontiers of Fracking : Underground Political Ecology and Unconventional Energy in the Contested Landscapes of North West England." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132306.
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Gas obtained from previously unexploited shale rock strata has emerged as an economically viable way of sourcing additional fossil fuel energy resources after the so-called ‘shale gas revolution’ in the United States. In the United Kingdom, the incumbent government has committed to the development of its own shale gas resources. A highly polarised public debate has erupted on the risks and rewards of extracting the shale gas deposits that presently lie underneath large swathes of the country using the controversial method of hydraulic fracturing, or ‘fracking’. This thesis examines how different groups in North West England – the major frontier of fracking in the UK – are contesting, resisting and negotiating the current government’s decision to sanction and push ahead towards the development a domestic shale gas industry. Employing a theoretical framework drawn from political ecology as its core mode of examination, this thesis utilises qualitative methods including in-depth interviews and participant observation techniques. It documents a range of social groupings that are contesting shale gas in the UK in a number of ways, and argues that landscapes and risk are fundamental hinges in this ongoing environmental conflict.
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Marsh, Brandon Douglas. "Ramparts of empire : India's North-West Frontier and British imperialism, 1919-1947." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/8382.
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This study examines the relationship between British perceptions and policies regarding India’s North-West Frontier and its Pathan inhabitants and the decline of British power in the subcontinent from 1919 to 1947. Its central argument is that two key constituencies within the framework of British India, the officers of the Indian Army and the Indian Political Service, viewed the Frontier as the most crucial region within Britain’s Indian Empire. Generations of British officers believed that this was the one place in India where the British could suffer a “knockout blow” from either external invasion or internal revolt. In light of this, when confronted by a full-scale Indian nationalist movement after the First World War, the British sought to seal off the Frontier from the rest of India.
Confident that they had inoculated the Frontier against nationalism, the British administration on the Frontier carried on as if it were 30 years earlier, fretting about possible Soviet expansion, tribal raids, and Afghan intrigues. This emphasis on external menaces proved costly, however, as it blinded the British to local discontent and the rapid growth of a Frontier nationalist movement by the end of the 1920s. When the Frontier administration belatedly realized that they faced a homegrown nationalist movement they responded with a combination of institutional paralysis and brutality that underscored the British belief that the region constituted the primary bulwark of the British Raj.
This violence proved counterproductive. It engendered wide-scale nationalist interest in the Frontier and effectively made British policy in the region a subject of All-Indian political debate. The British responded to mounting nationalist pressure in the 1930s by placing the Frontier at the center of their successful efforts to retain control of India’s defence establishment. This was a short-lived stopgap, however. By the last decade of British rule much of the Frontier was under the administration of the Indian National Congress. Moreover, the British not only concluded that Indian public opinion must be taken into account when formulating policy, but that nationalist prescriptions for the “problem” of the North-West Frontier should be enacted.text
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Coningham, Robin A. E., and Catherine M. Batt. "Dating the sequence." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3699.
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NoThe Bala Hisar of Charsadda is a 23m high mound covering an area of some 25 hectares close to the confluence of the Swat and Kabul rivers in North West Frontier Province's Vale of Peshawa. Astride one of the arteries of the Silk Road, the uttarapatha, the mountain passes to its north and west link south Asia with central and western Asia. Strewn with thousands of ceramic sherds, cobbles and brickbats, the Bala Hisar was identified in 1863 as the city of Pushkalavati, one of the ancient capitals of Gandhar. Although not as formally investigated as Taxila to its south-east, it has been subject to antiquarian and archaeological interest for over 100 years on account of its historical links with the Achaemenid Empire and Alexander the Great. The focus of this research may have changed significantly over time, mirroring broader methodological and theoretical changes, but all researchers have attempted to identify when this great tell site was founded and occupied, and whether there is evidence of Alexander's siege of the site. These issues are not merely of interest to ancient historians but are of great interest to archaeologists of both southern and western Asia as the origins of South Asia second urbanisation are also under scrutiny, in Sir Mortimer Wheeler's words 'The outstanding importance of Charsadda lies in its earlier phases, when it was a metropolitan centre of Asiatic trade and meeting-place of oriental and occidental cultures'. Indeed, most archaeologists would agree that the Bala Hisar of Charsadda and Taxila are amongst the earliest cities that emerged during the subcontinent's second urbanization.
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Ennab, Fadi Saleem. "Rupturing the myth of the peaceful western Canadian frontier: a socio-historical study of colonization, violence, and the North West Mounted Police, 1873-1905." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4109.
Full textAbstract:
Recently there has been more critical attention given to the violent role of the North West Mounted Police (NWMP) in the unfolding of settlement and colonial laws in western Canada. However, few have offered a comprehensive analysis of the violent encounters that are recorded (and missing) in the archival records and correspondence of the NWMP, and other secondary sources. Similarly, few researchers have utilized the ‘past’ experiences of Aboriginal peoples to try and understand the ongoing chasm today between non-indigenous settlers and Aboriginal peoples of Canada. In making the “marginal central” (Fitzpatrick 1989), and simultaneously challenging the dominant colonial narrative, I offer a socio-historical analysis of western Canada during the NWMP era (1873-1905), to show how it was (and still is), like other colonial frontiers, a violent space and time. I explore this argument by situating the violent encounters between the NWMP, white settlers, and Aboriginal peoples within the colonial relations that were structured to maintain the marginalization and dispossession of Aboriginal peoples. Failing to recognize and resist this part of western Canadian history, and the underlying logic behind it, is denial and limits the rationality and potential of non-indigenous Canadian populations to work for, and even conceive of, achieving an authentic reconciliation with Aboriginal peoples.