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Journal articles on the topic 'Northern Apennines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Tomaselli, Marcello, Michele Carbognani, Bruno Foggi, Michele Adorni, Alessandro Petraglia, T’ai Gladys Whittingham Forte, Stefano Segadelli, Graziano Rossi, and Matilde Gennai. "Scree vegetation in the northern Apennines (N-Italy)." Phytocoenologia 51, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 39–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2021/0391.

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2

Petraglia, Alessandro, and Marcello Tomaselli. "Phytosociological study of the snowbed vegetation in the Northern Apennines (Northern Italy)." Phytocoenologia 37, no. 1 (March 19, 2007): 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2007/0037-0067.

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3

Sillitoe, Richard H., and Andrea Brogi. "GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN THE NORTHERN APENNINES, ITALY: MODERN ANALOGUES OF CARLIN-STYLE GOLD DEPOSITS." Economic Geology 116, no. 7 (November 1, 2021): 1491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4883.

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Abstract Carlin-type gold deposits in northern Nevada are inferred to overlie concealed late Eocene plutons, which are increasingly thought to have provided magmatic input to the meteoric water-dominated fluids from which the gold was precipitated. The Larderello, Monte Amiata, and Latera geothermal systems in the Northern Apennines of southern Tuscany and northern Latium, central Italy, may represent Pliocene to present-day analogues because of their demonstrated association with subsurface plutons and jasperoid-hosted antimony-gold mineralization. The plutons, which at depths of >5–7 km remain at least partially molten, continue to supply heat and magmatic fluids to the meteoric water-dominated geothermal systems. Formerly mined antimony deposits of Pliocene or younger age are exposed on the peripheries of the CO2 ± H2S-emitting geothermal systems, and antimony sulfides are still actively precipitating. Stibnite and submicroscopic gold in disseminated pyrite, along with Au/Ag of <0.5 and anomalous As, Hg, Tl, and Ba values, accompanied jasperoid formation in the Northern Apennines systems. Carlin-type mineralization in northern Nevada and the antimony-gold mineralization in the Northern Apennines are hosted by permeable carbonate rocks, particularly stratabound breccias, where they are intersected by steep normal or oblique-slip faults and confined beneath tectonically emplaced hydrologic seals. The Northern Apennines antimony-gold mineralization formed at shallow, epithermal depths, like that recently recognized in the southern Carlin trend of northern Nevada. Although underexplored, the Northern Apennines gold prospects are unlikely to ever attain the giant status of the Carlin-type deposits in northern Nevada, probably because of lower magmatic fertility (ilmenite-series rather than magnetite-series magmatism) and host-rock receptivity (less reactive iron). Nevertheless, shallow carbonate-rock aquifers within high-temperature, intrusion-related geothermal systems, be they extinct or still active, may be prospective for Carlin-style gold deposits.

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4

Viola, Giulio, Giovanni Musumeci, Francesco Mazzarini, Lorenzo Tavazzani, Manuel Curzi, Espen Torgersen, Roelant van der Lelij, and Luca Aldega. "Structural characterization and K–Ar illite dating of reactivated, complex and heterogeneous fault zones: lessons from the Zuccale Fault, Northern Apennines." Solid Earth 13, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): 1327–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1327-2022.

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Abstract. We studied the Zuccale Fault (ZF) on Elba, part of the Northern Apennines, to unravel the complex deformation history that is responsible for the remarkable architectural complexity of the fault. The ZF is characterized by a patchwork of at least six distinct, now tightly juxtaposed brittle structural facies (BSF), i.e. volumes of deformed rock characterized by a given fault rock type, texture, colour, composition, and age of formation. ZF fault rocks vary from massive cataclasite to foliated ultracataclasite, from clay-rich gouge to highly sheared talc phyllonite. Understanding the current spatial juxtaposition of these BSFs requires tight constraints on their age of formation during the ZF lifespan to integrate current fault geometries and characteristics over the time dimension of faulting. We present new K–Ar gouge dates obtained from three samples from two different BSFs. Two top-to-the-east foliated gouge and talc phyllonite samples document faulting in the Aquitanian (ca. 22 Ma), constraining east-vergent shearing along the ZF already in the earliest Miocene. A third sample constrains later faulting along the exclusively brittle, flat-lying principal slip surface to < ca. 5 Ma. The new structural and geochronological results reveal an unexpectedly long faulting history spanning a ca. 20 Myr time interval in the framework of the evolution of the Northern Apennines. The current fault architecture is highly heterogeneous as it formed at very different times under different conditions during this prolonged history. We propose that the ZF started as an Aquitanian thrust that then became selectively reactivated by early Pliocene out-of-sequence thrusting during the progressive structuring of the Northern Apennine wedge. These results require the critical analysis of existing geodynamic models and call for alternative scenarios of continuous convergence between the late Oligocene and the early Pliocene with a major intervening phase of extension in the middle Miocene allowing for the isostatic re-equilibration of the Northern Apennine wedge. Extension started again in the Pliocene and is still active in the innermost portion of the Northern Apennines. In general terms, long-lived, mature faults can be very architecturally complex. Their unravelling, including understanding the dynamic evolution of their mechanical properties, requires a multidisciplinary approach combining detailed structural analyses with dating the deformation events recorded by the complex internal architecture, which is a phenomenal archive of faulting and faulting conditions through time and space.

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5

Gerdol, R., and M. Tomaselli. "The vegetation of wetlands in the northern Apennines (Italy)." Phytocoenologia 21, no. 4 (April 19, 1993): 421–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/21/1993/421.

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6

Conti, Stefano, and Daniela Fontana. "Miocene chemoherms of the northern Apennines, Italy." Geology 27, no. 10 (1999): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0927:mcotna>2.3.co;2.

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7

Roncaglia, Lucia, and Domenico Corradini. "Upper Campanian to Maastrichtian dinoflagellate zonation in the northern Apennines, Italy." Newsletters on Stratigraphy 35, no. 1 (May 23, 1997): 29–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nos/35/1997/29.

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8

Giorgett, Giovanna, Bruno Goffé, Isabella Memmi, and Fernando Nieto. "Metamorphic evolution of Verrucano metasediments in northern Apennines: new petrological constraints." European Journal of Mineralogy 10, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 1295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/10/6/1295.

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9

Armadillo, E., E. Bozzo, V. Cerv, A. De Santis, D. Di Mauro, M. Gambetta, A. Meloni, J. Pek, and F. Speranza. "Geomagnetic depth sounding in the Northern Apennines (Italy)." Earth, Planets and Space 53, no. 5 (May 2001): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03352395.

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10

Rossaro, Bruno. "Tanytarsus apenninicusnew species from Northern Apennines (Diptera: Chironomidae)." Aquatic Insects 15, no. 4 (October 1993): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650429309361525.

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11

Boccaletti, M., M. Coli, C. Eva, G. Ferrari, G. Giglia, A. Lazzarotto, F. Merlanti, R. Nicolich, G. Papani, and D. Postpischl. "Considerations on the seismotectonics of the Northern Apennines." Tectonophysics 117, no. 1-2 (August 1985): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(85)90234-3.

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12

Mariani, Guido S., Filippo Brandolini, Manuela Pelfini, and Andrea Zerboni. "Matilda’s castles, northern Apennines: geological and geomorphological constrains." Journal of Maps 15, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1625823.

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13

Carmignani, Luigi, F. Antonio Decandia, P. Lorenzo Fantozzi, Antonio Lazzarotto, Domenico Liotta, and Marco Meccheri. "Tertiary extensional tectonics in Tuscany (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Tectonophysics 238, no. 1-4 (November 1994): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)90061-2.

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14

Tomaselli, M. "The snow-bed vegetation in the Northern Apennines." Vegetatio 94, no. 2 (July 1991): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00032630.

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15

Coratza, Paola, and Carlotta Parenti. "Controlling Factors of Badland Morphological Changes in the Emilia Apennines (Northern Italy)." Water 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040539.

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Badlands are typical erosional landforms of the Apennines (Northern Italy) that form on Plio-Pleistocene clayey bedrock and rapidly evolve. The present study aimed at identification and assessment of the areal and temporal changes of badlands within a pilot area of the Modena Province (Emilia Apennines), where no previous detailed investigation has been carried out. For this purpose, a diachronic investigation was carried out to map the drainage basin and the drainage networks of the linear erosion features in the study area during the last 40 years, and to evaluate changes in badlands drainage basins morphometry and surface, land use and pluviometry. The investigation carried out indicated a general stabilisation trend of the badlands in the study area. In fact, a reduction in the bare surface area from 6187.1 m2 in 1973 to 4214.1 m2 in 2014 (31%), due to an intensified revegetation process around the badland areas, has been recorded. This trend, in line with the results of research carried out in other sector of the Northern Apennines, is mainly due to intensive land use changes, mostly the increase in forest cover and the reduction of agricultural land, that occurred in the study area from the 1970s onwards.

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16

Carboni, Filippo, Francesco Brozzetti, Francesco Mirabella, Francesco Cruciani, Massimiliano Porreca, Maurizio Ercoli, Stefan Back, and Massimiliano R. Barchi. "Geological and geophysical study of a thin-skinned tectonic wedge formed during an early collisional stage: the Trasimeno Tectonic Wedge (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Geological Magazine 157, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681900061x.

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AbstractThe presence of a set of well-known turbidite successions, deposited in progressively E-migrating foredeep basins and subsequently piled up with east vergence, makes the Northern Apennines of Italy paradigmatic of the evolution of deepwater fold-and-thrust belts. This study focuses on the early Apenninic collisional stage, early Miocene in age, which led to the accretion of the turbidites of the Trasimeno Tectonic Wedge (TTW), in the central part of the Northern Apennines. Based on the interpretation of previously unpublished seismic reflection profiles with new surface geology data and tectonic balancing, we present a detailed tectonic reconstruction of the TTW. In the study area, the TTW is characterized by a W-dipping shaly basal décollement located at a depth of 1–5 km. The tectonic wedge is c. 5 km thick at its central-western part and tapers progressively eastwards to c. 1 km. The total shortening, balanced along a 33 km long cross-section, is c. 60 km, including 20 km (40%) of internal imbrication, c. 23 km of horizontal ENE-wards translation along the basal décollement and c. 17 km of passive translation caused by the later shortening of footwall units. Deformation balancing, constrained through upper Aquitanian – upper Burdigalian (c. 21–16 Ma) biostratigraphy, provides an average shortening rate of c. 8.6 mm a–1. Internal shortening of the TTW shows an average shortening rate of c. 4 mm a–1 for this period.

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17

Beaudoin, Nicolas E., Aurélie Labeur, Olivier Lacombe, Daniel Koehn, Andrea Billi, Guilhem Hoareau, Adrian Boyce, et al. "Regional-scale paleofluid system across the Tuscan Nappe–Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge (northern Apennines) as revealed by mesostructural and isotopic analyses of stylolite–vein networks." Solid Earth 11, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 1617–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1617-2020.

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Abstract. We report the results of a multiproxy study that combines structural analysis of a fracture–stylolite network and isotopic characterization of calcite vein cements and/or fault coating. Together with new paleopiezometric and radiometric constraints on burial evolution and deformation timing, these results provide a first-order picture of the regional fluid systems and pathways that were present during the main stages of contraction in the Tuscan Nappe and Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge (northern Apennines). We reconstruct four steps of deformation at the scale of the belt: burial-related stylolitization, Apenninic-related layer-parallel shortening with a contraction trending NE–SW, local extension related to folding, and late-stage fold tightening under a contraction still striking NE–SW. We combine the paleopiezometric inversion of the roughness of sedimentary stylolites – that constrains the range of burial depth of strata prior to layer-parallel shortening – with burial models and U–Pb absolute dating of fault coatings in order to determine the timing of development of mesostructures. In the western part of the ridge, layer-parallel shortening started in Langhian time (∼15 Ma), and then folding started at Tortonian time (∼8 Ma); late-stage fold tightening started by the early Pliocene (∼5 Ma) and likely lasted until recent/modern extension occurred (∼3 Ma onward). The textural and geochemical (δ18O, δ13C, Δ47CO2 and 87Sr∕86Sr) study of calcite vein cements and fault coatings reveals that most of the fluids involved in the belt during deformation either are local or flowed laterally from the same reservoir. However, the western edge of the ridge recorded pulses of eastward migration of hydrothermal fluids (>140 ∘C), driven by the tectonic contraction and by the difference in structural style of the subsurface between the eastern Tuscan Nappe and the Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge.

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18

Satolli, Sara, and Antonio Turtù. "Early Cretaceous magnetostratigraphy of the Salto del Cieco section (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Newsletters on Stratigraphy 49, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nos/2016/0076.

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19

Bodon, Marco, Simone Cianfanelli, Luis Javier Chueca, and Markus Pfenninger. "Candidula conglomeratica sp. nov. from the northern Apennines, Italy (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Geomitridae)." Archiv für Molluskenkunde International Journal of Malacology 149, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/149/203-220.

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20

Leoni, Leonardo, Michele Marroni, Franco Sartori, and Marco Tamponi. "Metamorphic grade in metapelites of the Internal Liguride Units (Northern Apennines, Italy)." European Journal of Mineralogy 8, no. 1 (February 22, 1996): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/8/1/0035.

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21

Basso, Riccardo, Gabriella Lucchetti, Alberto Martinelli, and Andrea Palenzona. "Cavoite, CaV3O7, a new mineral from the Gambatesa mine, northern Apennines, Italy." European Journal of Mineralogy 15, no. 1 (February 18, 2003): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0181.

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22

Cerrina Feroni, A., and P. Martinelli. "The relationship between the open fractures and mineralized fractures in Oligocene sandstones of Leghorn coast (Tuscany, Italy) – the hydrogeological relapses." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 2 (April 12, 2010): 2301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-2301-2010.

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Abstract. The Oligocene-Miocene turbidite sandstones of fore-deep in the Northern Apennines form a very great aquifer that originally, before the reduction by Plio-Pleistocene erosion, is extended over an area of 60 000 sq/km (minimum) to 1.5 km–4.5 km tickness. The spatial relationships between the open fractures and mineralized fracture (veins) in the outcrops of foredeep's sandstones (Macigno) along the Tuscany coast, between Leghorn and Piombino (Northern Apennines), are analyzed and discussed. Also is discussed a conceptual model that allows a virtual surface of separation between an upper zone in open fractures and a fracture in the lower zone mineralization. The position of this surface than the topography surface, depends on the difference between the velocity of erosion and the velocity development of open fractures by reduction of the lithostatic load, during the exhumation of the system. The lack of the open fractured zone, below this surface suggests that the deep water circulation into the Macigno sandstones along the coast area, depends exclusively on the connection between the major faults and the primary discontinuity (stratification). Based on the results of fracturing analysis of the coastal Macigno the authors aim to extend the research to internal areas, and in particular to the ridge of the Northern Apennines, where the foredeep's sandstones are well developed and continued.

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23

Cristofanelli, Paolo, Piero Di Carlo, Eleonora Aruffo, Francesco Apadula, Mariantonia Bencardino, Francesco D’Amore, Paolo Bonasoni, and Davide Putero. "An Assessment of Stratospheric Intrusions in Italian Mountain Regions Using STEFLUX." Atmosphere 9, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9100413.

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The Mediterranean basin is considered a global hot-spot region for climate change and air quality, especially concerning summer-time ozone (O3). Previous investigations indicated that the Mediterranean basin is a preferred region for stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange (STE) and deep stratospheric intrusion (SI) events. The Lagrangian tool STEFLUX, based on a STE climatology that uses the ERA Interim data, was hereby used to diagnose the occurrence of deep SI events in four mountain regions over the Italian peninsula, spanning from the Alpine region to the southern Apennines. By using near-surface O3 and relative humidity (RH) observations at three high-mountain observatories, we investigated the performance of STEFLUX in detecting deep SI events. Both experimental and STEFLUX detections agreed in describing the seasonal cycle of SI occurrence. Moreover, STEFLUX showed skills in detecting “long-lasting” SI events, especially in the Alps and in the northern Apennines. By using STEFLUX, we found positive tendencies in the SI occurrence during 1979–2017. However, in contrast to similar studies carried out in the Alpine region, the negative long-term (1996–2016) trend of O3 in the northern Apennines did not appear to be related to the SI’s variability.

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24

Stagni, Guglielmo, Raffaele Dall'olio, Umberto Fusini, Stefano Mazzotti, Carlo Scoccianti, and Andrea Serra. "Declining populations of apennine yellow‐bellied toadbombina pachypusin the northern apennines (italy): Isbatrachochytrium dendrobatidisthe main cause?" Italian Journal of Zoology 71, sup2 (January 2004): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000409356625.

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25

GUGLIELMINO, ADALGISA, and CHRISTOPH BÜCKLE. "Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group." Zootaxa 2264, no. 1 (October 14, 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2264.1.1.

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A small sector of Northern Apennines the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines constitutes an interesting diversity centre of a new Verdanus species group closely related to V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group. It consists of three species: V. tyrannus sp. nov., V. saurosus sp. nov. and V. rosaurus sp. nov., the latter with two subspecies, V. rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov. and V. rosaurus rex ssp. nov., which doubtless form a monophyletic group (V. rosaurus group). Data on their distribution, ecology and life cycle are added to their original descriptions. The new taxa live allopatrically in a very restricted area and thus occupy a distribution gap of another species group of Verdanus, the V. abdominalis group, present in Italy in the mountain regions of the Alps and Central and Southern Apennines. A hypothesis of the origin of the new taxa is presented based on the ecological conditions in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines during the last Postglacial period and on the limited dispersal ability of these normally brachypterous insects. Possible synapomorphic characters and phylogenetic relationships of the new taxa with each other and with V. bensoni (China) and the V. limbatellus group (V. limbatellus (Zetterstedt), V. kyrilli (Emeljanov), V. sichotanus (Anufriev), V. kaszabi (Dlabola)) are discussed and a cladistic analysis is conducted. Comparing V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group on the one hand and the V. rosaurus group on the other, some morphological characters appear to change often in parallel on the same paths, independently from the phylogenetic hypothesis. Remarkably, within the same morphological characters the range of variation among species inhabiting the comparatively minute area of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines is similar to that found among other taxa distributed across vast areas of northern and central Eurasia.

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26

Capezzuoli, Enrico, Amalia Spina, Andrea Brogi, Domenico Liotta, Gabriella Bagnoli, Martina Zucchi, Giancarlo Molli, and Renzo Regoli. "Reconsidering the Variscan Basement of Southern Tuscany (Inner Northern Apennines)." Geosciences 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020084.

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The Pre-Mesozoic units exposed in the inner Northern Apennines mostly consist of Pennsylvanian-Permian successions unconformably deposited on a continental crust consolidated at the end of the Variscan orogenic cycle (Silurian-Carboniferous). In the inner Northern Apennines, exposures of this continental crust, Cambrian?-Devonian in age, have been described in Northern Tuscany, Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago) and, partly, in scattered and isolated outcrops of southern Tuscany. This paper reappraises the most significant succession (i.e., Risanguigno Formation) exposed in southern Tuscany and considered by most authors as part of the Variscan Basement. New stratigraphic and structural studies, coupled with analyses of the organic matter content, allow us to refine the age of the Risanguigno Fm and its geological setting and evolution. Based on the low diversification of palynoflora, the content of sporomorphs, the structural setting and the new field study, this formation is dated as late Tournaisian to Visean (Middle Mississippian) and is not affected by pre-Alpine deformation. This conclusion, together with the already existing data, clearly indicate that no exposures of rocks involved in the Variscan orogenesis occur in southern Tuscany.

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Ronchetti, F., L. Borgatti, F. Cervi, C. Gorgoni, L. Piccinini, V. Vincenzi, and A. Corsini. "Groundwater processes in a complex landslide, northern Apennines, Italy." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 3 (June 18, 2009): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-895-2009.

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Abstract. The hydrogeological characteristics of roto-translational slides in flysch are complex, due to the inherent anisotropy and heterogeneity of rock masses and related deposits. The paper deals with the hydrogeological characterization of a reactivated roto-translational slide affecting Cretaceous flysch rocks, located in the northern Apennines of Italy. Continuous monitoring of groundwater levels, in-situ permeability and pumping tests, hydrochemical and physical analyses and Uranine tracers were the adopted prospecting methods. In this research hydrological monitoring and investigation are summarized in order to define a hydrogeological conceptual model of the landslide source area. Results showed that two overlaying hydrogeological units exist at the slope scale: the first is unconfined, but highly compartmentalized, and hosted in the fractured and dismembered rock slide body. The second is confined and lays in the undisturbed flysch below the sliding surface. The groundwater level in the confined hydrogeological unit is twenty meters higher than the groundwater level in the uppermost one. Moreover, the groundwater chemistry characterization revealed a rising of deep fluids in the landslide area.

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28

Ferranti, L., E. Santoro, M. E. Mazzella, C. Monaco, and D. Morelli. "Active transpression in the northern Calabria Apennines, southern Italy." Tectonophysics 476, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 226–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.11.010.

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29

Bonini, Marco, Federico Sani, Eusebio M. Stucchi, Giovanna Moratti, Marco Benvenuti, Giovanni Menanno, and Chiara Tanini. "Late Miocene shortening of the Northern Apennines back-arc." Journal of Geodynamics 74 (March 2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2013.11.002.

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30

Cruise, G. M. "Holocene peat initiation in the Ligurian Apennines, northern Italy." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 63, no. 3-4 (July 1990): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(90)90097-3.

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31

Van Wamel, W. A. "On the tectonics of the Ligurian Apennines (northern Italy)." Tectonophysics 142, no. 1 (October 1987): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90296-4.

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32

Apollonio, Marco, Luca Mattioli, and Massimo Scandura. "Occurrence of black wolves in the Northern Apennines, Italy." Acta Theriologica 49, no. 2 (September 2004): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03192528.

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33

Cornamusini, Gianluca, Alessandro Ielpi, Filippo Bonciani, Ivan Callegari, and Paolo Conti. "Geological map of the Chianti Mts (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Journal of Maps 8, no. 1 (March 2012): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.668423.

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34

Bosino, Alberto, Luisa Pellegrini, Adel Omran, Massimiliano Bordoni, Claudia Meisina, and Michael Maerker. "Litho-structure of the Oltrepo Pavese, Northern Apennines (Italy)." Journal of Maps 15, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1604438.

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35

Keller, J. V. A., G. Minelli, and G. Pialli. "Anatomy of late orogenic extension: The Northern Apennines case." Tectonophysics 238, no. 1-4 (November 1994): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)90060-4.

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36

Chiarabba, C., G. Giacomuzzi, I. Bianchi, N. P. Agostinetti, and J. Park. "From underplating to delamination-retreat in the northern Apennines." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 403 (October 2014): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.041.

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37

Stich, Daniel, and Andrea Morelli. "Reflection of seismic surface waves at the northern Apennines." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 259, no. 1-2 (July 2007): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04.036.

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Ansaloni, Ivano, Daniela Prevedelli, Matteo Ruocco, and Roberto Simonini. "Checklist of benthic macroinvertebrates of the Lago Pratignano (northern Apennines, Italy): an extremely rich ecosystem." Check List 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.1.1821.

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A checklist of the macroinvertebrates fauna of the Lago Pratignano is presented here. The Lago Pratignano is a small, natural water body of the high (1,307 m above sea level) Northern Apennines, Italy. It represents an important site for the conservation of endangered flora and amphibians, and its importance for the conservation of the macroinvertebrate fauna is highlighted. The 82 taxa recorded make it an extremely rich habitat. The most represented group was Diptera, with 31 taxa, followed by Coleoptera, with nine, and Oligochaeta and Arachnida, each with eight taxa. Other groups are present in lower numbers. Despite the scant attention to theP study of the macroinvertebrates of small lentic habitats in the Northern Apennines, their importance for the conservation of the invertebrate fauna and the high contribution they give to the biodiversity is highlighted here.

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Argentino, Claudio, Stefano Conti, Chiara Fioroni, and Daniela Fontana. "Evidences for Paleo-Gas Hydrate Occurrence: What We Can Infer for the Miocene of the Northern Apennines (Italy)." Geosciences 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9030134.

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The occurrence of seep-carbonates associated with shallow gas hydrates is increasingly documented in modern continental margins but in fossil sediments the recognition of gas hydrates is still challenging for the lack of unequivocal proxies. Here, we combined multiple field and geochemical indicators for paleo-gas hydrate occurrence based on present-day analogues to investigate fossil seeps located in the northern Apennines. We recognized clathrite-like structures such as thin-layered, spongy and vuggy textures and microbreccias. Non-gravitational cementation fabrics and pinch-out terminations in cavities within the seep-carbonate deposits are ascribed to irregularly oriented dissociation of gas hydrates. Additional evidences for paleo-gas hydrates are provided by the large dimensions of seep-carbonate masses and by the association with sedimentary instability in the host sediments. We report heavy oxygen isotopic values in the examined seep-carbonates up to +6‰ that are indicative of a contribution of isotopically heavier fluids released by gas hydrate decomposition. The calculation of the stability field of methane hydrates for the northern Apennine wedge-foredeep system during the Miocene indicated the potential occurrence of shallow gas hydrates in the upper few tens of meters of sedimentary column.

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Eva, Elena, Franco Pettenati, Stefano Solarino, and Livio Sirovich. "The focal mechanism of the 7 September 1920, Mw 6.5 earthquake: insights into the seismotectonics of the Lunigiana–Garfagnana area, Tuscany, Italy." Geophysical Journal International 228, no. 3 (October 11, 2021): 1465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab411.

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SUMMARY To understand the seismotectonics and the seismic hazard of the study sector of the Northern Apennines (Italy), one of the most important earthquakes of magnitude Mw = 6.5 which struck the Lunigiana and Garfagnana areas (Tuscany) on 7 September 1920 should be studied. Given the early instrumental epoch of the event, neither geometric and kinematic information on the fault-source nor its fault-plane solution were available. Both areas were candidates for hosting the source fault and there was uncertainty between a normal fault with Apenninic direction or an anti-Apenninic strike-slip. We retrieved 11 focal parameters (including the fault-plane solution) of the 1920 earthquake. Only macroseismic intensity information (from 499 inhabited centres) through the KF-NGA inversion technique was used. This technique uses a Kinematic model of the earthquake source and speeds up the calculation by a Genetic Algorithm with Niching. The result is a pure dip-slip focal solution. The intrinsic ambiguities of the KF-NGA method (±180° on the rake angle; choice of the fault plane between the two nodal planes) were solved with field and seismotectonic evidence. The earthquake was generated by a normal fault (rake angle = 265° ± 8°) with an Apennine direction (114° ± 5°) and dipping 38° ± 6° towards SW. The likely candidate for hosting the source-fault in 1920 is the Compione-Comano fault that borders the NE edge of the Lunigiana graben. The KF-NGA algorithm proved to be invaluable for studying the kinematics of early instrumental earthquakes and allowed us to uniquely individuate, for the first time ever, the seismogenic source of the 1920 earthquake. Our findings have implications in hazard computation and seismotectonic contexts.

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Hu, Hai Yan, Song Lu, and Hang Zhou Xiao. "Petroleum Geologic Elements and Petroleum Systems in the Northern Apennines Basin." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.935.

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The Northern Apennines lies in the northern Italian Peninsula. The basin has the formation of Mesozoic-Cenozoic depocentries. The source rock is Emma limestone and Late Triassic source rock, which generated at the depth of 5-7 km. The reservoir included the Upper Cretaceous-Eocene Scaglia Formation and Liassic Noriglio Limestone. The seal included Scaglia Cinerea Formation, Cerro Marls Formation and unconformity upper marls. The petroleum systems are The Emma Petroleum System and Marnoso Petroleum System.

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Viti, Marcello, Enzo Mantovani, Daniele Babbucci, Caterina Tamburelli, Nicola Cenni, Massimo Baglione, and Vittorio D’Intinosante. "Belt-Parallel Shortening in the Northern Apennines and Seismotectonic Implications." International Journal of Geosciences 06, no. 08 (2015): 938–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2015.68075.

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Zoetemeijer, R., W. Sassi, F. Roure, and S. Cloetingh. "Stratigraphic and kinematic modeling of thrust evolution, northern Apennines, Italy." Geology 20, no. 11 (1992): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1035:sakmot>2.3.co;2.

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44

Uramoto, Go-ichiro. "Turbidites in the Miocene Marnoso Arenacea Formation, northern Apennines, Italy." Journal of the Sedimentological Society of Japan 70, no. 1 (2011): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4096/jssj.70.2.

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Verdoya, Massimo, Paolo Chiozzi, Gianluca Gola, and Elie El Jbeily. "Conductive heat flow pattern of the central-northern Apennines, Italy." International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v2i1.33.

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We analyzed thermal data from deep oil exploration and geothermal boreholes in the 1000-7000 m depth range to unravel thermal regime beneath the central-northern Apennines chain and the surrounding sedimentary basins. We particularly selected deepest bottom hole temperatures, all recorded within the permeable carbonate Paleogene-Mesozoic formations, which represent the most widespread tectono-stratigraphic unit of the study area. The available temperatures were corrected for the drilling disturbanceand the thermal conductivity was estimated from detailed litho-stratigraphic information and by taking into account the pressure and temperature effect. The thermal resistance approach, including also the radiogenic heat production, was used to infer the terrestrial heat flow and to highlight possible advective perturbation due to groundwater circulation. Only two boreholes close to recharge areas argue for deep groundwater flow in the permeable carbonate unit, whereas most of the obtained heat-flow data may reflect the deep, undisturbed, conductive thermal regime.

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Russo, Antonio, Nevio Pugliese, and Paolo Serventi. "Miocene ostracodes of cold seep settings from northern Apennines (Italy)." Revue de Micropaléontologie 55, no. 1 (January 2012): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmic.2011.09.001.

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Ronchetti, F., L. Borgatti, F. Cervi, C. C. Lucente, M. Veneziano, and A. Corsini. "The Valoria landslide reactivation in 2005–2006 (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Landslides 4, no. 2 (January 9, 2007): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0073-9.

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Pauselli, Cristina, Giorgio Ranalli, and Costanzo Federico. "Rheology of the Northern Apennines: Lateral variations of lithospheric strength." Tectonophysics 484, no. 1-4 (March 2010): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.029.

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49

Ielpi, Alessandro. "Geological map of the Santa Barbara Basin (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Journal of Maps 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 614–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4113/jom.2011.1181.

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50

Piana Agostinetti, N., F. P. Lucente, G. Selvaggi, and M. Di Bona. "Crustal Structure and Moho Geometry beneath the Northern Apennines (Italy)." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 20 (October 2002): 60–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015109.

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