Relevant bibliographies by topics / Northern Europe

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Northern Europe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Northern Europe"

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Gibbard, Philip. "Quaternary of Northern Europe." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.212.

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Petersen, JE. "Ganoderma in Northern Europe." Mycologist 1, no. 2 (April 1987): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(87)80041-1.

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Thiry, E., C. Saegerman, H. Guyot, P. Kirten, B. Losson, F. Rollin, M. Bodmer, et al. "Bluetongue in northern Europe." Veterinary Record 159, no. 10 (September 2, 2006): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.159.10.327.

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Toussaint, J. F., F. Vandenbussche, J. Mast, L. De Meester, N. Goris, W. Van Dessel, E. Vanopdenbosche, et al. "Bluetongue in northern Europe." Veterinary Record 159, no. 10 (September 2, 2006): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.159.10.327-a.

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Olenchenko, Vladimir. "Northern Europe — Baltic — Eastern Europe: Coexistence or Interaction?" ISTORIYA 10, no. 7 (81) (2019): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840006635-7.

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Van den Ancker, Hanneke, Klaas van der Veen, Hartmut Escher, and Karin Geyer. "Ice Age Tourism, European landscapes for tourists – progress report ProGEO WG3 Northern Europe." Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 66 (May 28, 2010): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/sdgg/66/2010/93.

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Dianina, Svetlana Yu, Mona Abdel Malik Khalil, and Vladimir S. Glagolev. "Cultural Islam in Northern Europe." Baltic Region 11, no. 3 (2019): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2019-3-8.

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In this study, we aim to analyse the position of cultural Islam in Northern European countries. To this end, we examine publications in major print media. Content analysis of relevant publications gives a detailed picture of narratives produced in mass consciousness as a reaction to the presence of Islam at the local and regional level and makes it possible to identify individual trends in the evaluation of such narratives in both scientific and popular analytical literature. The growing secularization of Islamic communities in Northern Europe and changes in the value-driven behavioural algorithms of believers lead both to the polarization of Islam and changes in attitudes to Islam from outside the religion. Studies into the factors affecting the dynamics of this phenomenon have both theoretical and practical significance since they help to evaluate the most promising forms of cooperation within regional collaborations and national programmes for international partnership. The forces promoting the cultural Islam project position it as an antidote for political and radical Islam. At the same time, the main factor preventing the legitimation of cultural Islam across immigrant Moslem groups (or, more precisely, communities, i.e. associations of people originating from countries where Muslims predominate) is the relevant isolatedness of those groups and their commitment to the Ummah. The novelty of research into how Islam and culture interact within those groups is closely associated with the goal of establishing whether cultural Islam is viable as a phenomenon of collective consciousness and whether it meets the following requirements: 1) satisfying the essential need for preserving the tradition and 2) ensuring flexible adaptation to a foreign cultural context. Our analysis of the data obtained has led us to conclude that cultural Islam is gaining ground within immigrant communities and associations. This can be viewed as a practical contribution to studies into the dynamics and mechanisms of adaptation, acculturation, and, perhaps, integration of Muslims and corresponding social groups into the socio-cultural space of Northern European countries.
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Millinger, Susan P., and Tamara Whited. "Northern Europe: An Environmental History." Sixteenth Century Journal 38, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20478370.

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Bünemann, G., M. Groot, and H. Kemp. "PEAR PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN EUROPE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 596 (December 2002): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.596.5.

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Arnott, Robert A. "Waste Management in Northern Europe." Waste Management & Research 3, no. 1 (January 1985): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x8500300137.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Northern Europe"

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Ó, Néill John Joseph. "Burnt mounds in Northern and Western Europe." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426723.

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Jaehnert, Stefan. "Integration of Regulating Power Markets in Northern Europe." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17003.

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In order to ensure a stable operation of the power system, Transmission System Operators have to balance production and consumption of electiricty continuously. For this purpose balancing services are utilised. With the European objective to migrate to a sustainable power production, a significant share of generation is expected to be from renewable sources, with its inherent production forecast errors. To balance this variable production, the requirement for balancing services increases. The Nordic, particularly the Norwegian hydrobased power system is predestinated of providing such balancing services to the continental European power system. This thesis studies the integration of national regulating power markets, enabling the cross-border exchange of balancing services in Northern Europe. The research encompasses the development of a mathematical model for the regulating power market, which is based on a day-ahead spot market model. Furthermore, data models for the Northern European power system are developed. Succeedingly, these models are utilised for a set of case studies. The first part of the thesis focuses on the model development and implementation of system scenarios. The mathematical model of the regulating power market comprises the procurement as well as activation of regulating reserves and explicitly addresses the exchange of balancing services. This model is used to assess the integration of national regulating power markets. Two detailed data models are compiled, encompassing 2010’s and 2020’s state of the Northern European power system. For these scenarios the outcome of the the day-ahead spot market is analysed, which shows significant changes in the future system dispatch. Taking the system dispatch as input to the regulating power market model, its market outcome is investigated. The analysis illustrates significant cost savings for the integration of national regulating power markets. The second part of the thesis comprises a set of analyses, executed with the developed models. The increase in power production from renewable energy sources, especially wind power production is taken as a basis for the future development of the power system. With the changes in the power production portfolio in Northern Europe, including higher variability and increased production forecast error, the future outcome of the regulating power market is studied. Moreover, the impact of various forecast horizons for wind power production and the definition of different reserve requirement levels are investigated. In general the analyses illustrate the challenges due to increased power production from renewable sources. These result in higher system imbalances and hence costs in the regulating power market. It is shown, that an integration of national regulating power markets in Northern Europe provides a good possibility to counteract this cost increase, while the system security is enhanced.
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Kassab, Muhammad Ali. "The Other in the nineteenth century prosaic Arabic discourse." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/463430982/viewonline.

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Klevnäs, Alison Margaret. "Whodunnit? : grave-robbery in early medieval northern and western Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/236124.

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This thesis brings together all that is currently known of early medieval grave reopening in northern and western Europe. It investigates in detail an intensive outbreak of grave-robbery in 6th-7th century Kent. This is closely related to the same phenomenon in Merovingia: an example of the import of not only material goods but also a distinctive cultural practice. Limited numbers of similar robbing episodes, affecting a much smaller proportion of graves in each cemetery, are also identified elsewhere in Anglo-Saxon England. Although the phenomenon of grave-robbery is well-attested in Merovingia, this research is the first study at a regional level. The aim is to advance the debate about early medieval robbery from general discussion of interpretative possibilities to evaluation of specific models and their compatibility with the archaeological evidence. The conclusions have significant implications for the interpretation of grave-robbery across early medieval Europe. In Kent robbing is at a level that must be considered in any discussion of cemetery evidence. The poor publication record has inhibited recognition and analysis of robbing in the county. However, by using extensive archive material, this thesis has shown that the practice of ransacking graves was on a similar scale in East Kent as in Merovingia. This research identifies over 200 reopened graves across Kent, with at least 15 sites affected. At the most intensely robbed sites, an average of over 20% of burials were disturbed. Robbing is likely to have had a significant impact on artefact finds, especially from the late 6th century onwards. Grave-robbery opens a window onto the wider meanings and values of grave-good types within the early medieval period. The analysis in this thesis demonstrates that the main motive for reopening was the removal of grave goods. However, straightforward personal enrichment was not the goal. A deliberate, consistent selection of certain grave-good types were taken from burials, while other apparently covetable possessions were left behind. The desired grave-goods were removed even when in an unusable condition. It is argued that the selection of goods for removal was related to their symbolic roles in the initial burial rite. Their taking was intended to harm living descendants by damaging the prestige and strength of the dead. In addition to the robbed graves, there is a small number of graves spread across the sites which were reopened for bodily mutilation or rearrangement of skeletal parts. These closely resemble the better known deviant burial rites which were applied to certain corpses at the time of initial burial and are interpreted as a reaction to fear of revenants. In modern Britain burial is a finite and final process: the definitive disposal of a dead body. The archaeological and ethnographic records contain many examples of more complex series of events to enable the dead to move on from the living. The material remains of such processes can be seen in revisited and reopened graves, and in myriad manipulations of human bodies. This case study is a detailed, contextualised investigation of the after-history of burial monuments focused on the early Middle Ages.
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Aveling, Elizabeth Mary. "Characterisation of natural products from the mesolithic of Northern Europe." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530006.

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Cockerill, Timothy Thomas. "Cost modelling of offshore wind energy systems in northern Europe." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420744.

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Tillquist, Christopher. "Voyages of the Vikings: Human haploid variation in northern Europe." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279948.

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Europe is a region characterized by a long history of both settlement and resettlement. This study uses information from the haploid systems of the human genome in order to investigate the presence of population structure in Europe and discuss the mitigating effects of shared population history and the impact of evolutionary forces. By means of two kinds of data from the Y chromosome, the study first establishes patterns of diversity across the entirety of Europe. More in-depth analyses investigate the evolutionary effects of settlement and colonization on overall genetic diversity of populations. Finally, considering data from the entire control region sequence, an effort is made to estimate patterns of mitochondrial diversity and compare their import to that of the Y chromosome.
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Farahmand, Hossein. "Integrated Power System Balancing in Northern Europe - Models and Case Studies." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16864.

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Maintaining a continuous balance between generation and load is crucial for the safeguarding of the power systems. In order to effectively deal with the various uncertainties that contribute to the real-time imbalance in liberalised power systems, Transmission System Operators (TSOs) procure and employ the so-called balancing services through balancing markets. In Europe, though such mechanisms are well in place at the national level, the potential of multinational balancing markets has not been fully exploited (with the exception of the Nordic system and various pilot projects). This thesis analyses the potential for integrating the balancing power markets in northern Europe, including the Nordic system, Germany and the Netherlands. It addresses the twin issues of the procurement and employment of cross-border balancing services by using mathematical models. Beginning with an outline of the role of balancing markets in Europe, an overview of existing balancing markets in the northern European system is presented. A discussion on the cross-border balancing arrangements is then carried out, paving the way for quantitative analysis. A quantitative analyses of the multinational balancing markets are carried out, both in terms of attainable socio-economic cost savings, and their effect on the exchange of regional balancing services and generation dispatch. In this respect, two cases of balancing market integration are analysed: the current state with separate balancing markets, and the anticipated state of full integration of these markets. In the proposed modelling approach a two-step model is used, representing the day-ahead and balancing markets, respectively. First, the day-ahead market is modelled as a common market for the whole European continent. Simultaneously, reserve procurement for northern Europe is modelled. Available transmission capacity is allocated implicitly to the balancing services exchange, based on the trade-off between day-ahead energy and balancing capacity exchange. Next, the balancing energy market is modelled as a real-time power dispatch on the basis of the day-ahead market clearing results and simulated imbalances. Detailed results illustrate the consequences of market integration between two synchronous areas on procured and activated reserves, dispatch of generators, and power flows. The profitability of balancing market integration is quantified by the observed cost savings obtained due to the use of cheaper balancing resources and less activation of reserves caused by imbalance netting. The implementation of cross-border balancing entails both qualitative and quantitative analyses of different balancing exchange scenarios. This thesis focuses on the qualitative studies of cross-border balancing arrangements together with the quantitative analysis of cross-border balancing. The methodology developed in the thesis enables the study of the benefits of integrating the northern European balancing markets, and the resulting exchange of balancing services among the Nordic countries, Germany and the Netherlands. The multinational balancing market can be adapted to capture the effect of different market integration scenarios. The presented modelling approach includes a flow-based  market model, which takes into account physical power flows and loop flows, especially suitable for the European systems with highly meshed transmission grids. A four tiered sequential approach is used to organize the primary contributions of the research work, as highlighted by the four distinct publications arising out of it. Tier 1: An optimal methodology for reserve activation in the Nordic system is established. Tier 2: Using the first tier as the basis, a cross-border reserves procurement algorithm is proposed for an integrated European system. Superimposing Tier 2 on Tier 1 results in a bottom-up approach of capturing the full spectrum of reserve procurement and activation for integrated balancing markets. Tier 3: The profitability of balancing market integration is brought forward through both weekly and yearly analysis on the basis of mathematical models developed in Tier 1 and 2. Tier 4: It is shown that the flexibility concerns warranted by penetration of renewable energy resources can be well addressed by using the developed framework of cross-border balancing market integration. A case study of a future power system (in 2030) with wind energy penetration has been employed in this regard. The results include the optimal distribution of balancing reserve capacity allocations for procurement among the constituent countries, and the optimal exchange of balancing energy that ensues upon activating these capacity reserves. An annual analysis of the post-integration scenario results demonstrates the significant cost savings that are achievable under the framework of multinational balancing markets. The results also demonstrate the potential for increased production flexibility, in light of increased wind energy penetration in the future operation of power systems through the mechanism of multinational balancing markets.
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Sahid, Md Hasan. "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in Northern Europe." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-170995.

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Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) is an important conifer tree species widely distributed in Europe. Genetically, the population of this large range is divided in two differentiated groups: a southern and a northern European group. In the northern European group, the fossils records tell us that after the last glaciation this species recolonized from one main refugium located around the Moscow region, in Russia.             In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of 101 populations of Norway spruce collected all over the northern European range were examined using an indel polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The polymorphism was used to investigate the migration routes of this species after the last glaciation.                        The distribution of the detected two haplotypes (A and B) was geographically well structured as haplotype A was restricted to Scandinavia, while haplotype B was found all over the examined range. The value of averaged intrapopulation gene diversity (HS=0.09) was lower than total populations gene diversity (HT=0.28) and a relatively high value of genetic differentiation among populations was detected (GST=0.68). The genetic structure detected in this study suggested that a second refugium for spruce might have been present in Scandinavia. This study would shed light on our understanding of the postglacial migration history of Norway spruce.
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Nes, Rasmus Nikolai. "Life cycle assessment of an offshore electricity grid interconnecting Northern Europe." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19237.

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There is a growing demand for increased electricity transfer capacities between the countries surrounding the North Sea. The increased capacities will enable easier integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, decrease the need for balancing power, increase power trade and competition, and increase security of supply across the region. Interregional offshore grid connections are required if large scale deployment of deep sea, far from shore offshore wind energy in the North Sea is to take place. The WINDSPEED research project has resulted in proposals of realistic scenarios for large scale deployment of offshore grid and wind energy in the North Sea. In this study the environmental impacts of an interregional meshed offshore grid as proposed by WINDSPEED have been assessed. Environmental impacts of the offshore wind farms, which may be connected to the grid, have been included in the assessment as well, completing the system boundaries.The methods used to quantify the environmental impacts are process-based life cycle assessment (LCA), input-output assessment (IOA) and tiered hybrid LCA, with main focus on the results of the latter. Four offshore grid scenarios have been assessed, with and without offshore wind farms connected. The offshore grid is primarily composed of 450 kV HVDC technology for long distance transmission, based on the HVDC cables used in the NorNed connection. Wind farms are deployed far from shore (requiring much sea transport and long distance grid connections) and at an average of 43.9 meters depth (requiring large bottom-mounted foundations for the wind turbines). These requirements make the environmental impacts of deep sea, far from shore offshore wind energy substantially higher than for both close to shore offshore wind energy and onshore wind energy.The environmental assessment of the interregional meshed offshore grid found that the largest contribution to environmental impacts is from manufacturing and installation of HVDC cables. Sea transport required for installation of components and operation and maintenance contributes between 5 and 25 percent to most impact categories. The electrical equipment (converters, breakers and switchgear) required by the grid has a quite varying contribution, from almost none to some impact categories to about 35 percent to climate change impact. The environmental assessment of the deep sea, far from shore offshore wind energy, finds that the largest contributors to environmental impacts are the wind turbines. But the other components required – deep sea foundations, offshore grid and sea transport for installation, operation and maintenance – makes the environmental impacts caused by it around twice as high as for onshore wind energy installations. Total climate change impacts were found to be 42.9 g CO2-Eq/kWh; the grid is responsible for 11, foundations 31 and sea transport 9 percent of that. The largest impacts of deep sea, far from shore offshore wind energy as compared to other relevant energy sources are to the impact categories freshwater ecotoxicity, human toxicity and metal depletion. The impacts to these categories are many times larger, up to almost 20 times, compared to other relevant fossil fueled energy sources. The impacts to the other impact categories are substantially lower.The results indicate that the environmental impacts caused by an interregional meshed offshore grid in the North Sea are substantial; it needs to be considered an important part of an environmental assessment of deep sea, far from shore offshore wind energy. On the other hand, the environmental costs are probably not so high that they outweigh the potential benefits of such offshore grid connections. It may in fact lead to net environmental gains because of a decreased demand for fossil balance power. As for large scale deployment of deep sea, far from shore offshore wind energy the environmental benefits as opposed to relevant fossil alternatives are obvious, but, including the significant disadvantages of intermittent energy supply and high monetary costs, overall gain to society is harder to predict.
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Books on the topic "Northern Europe"

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Alex, Martin, and Reader's Digest Association, eds. Discover Northern Europe. London: Reader's Digest Association, 2001.

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Commission of the European Communities. Representation (Great Britain), ed. Northern Ireland: Northern Ireland in Europe. London: European Commission Representation in the United Kingdom, 1999.

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Office, Great Britain Foreign and Commonwealth. Northern Europe in transition. London, England: H.M.S.O., 1990.

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Pierre, Josse, ed. Northern and central Europe. New York: Collier Books, 1985.

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Commission of the European Communities. Representation (Great Britain), ed. Northern Ireland in Europe. London: Representation of the European Commission in the United Kingdom, 1996.

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Europe, Northern Telecom Arts. Northern Telecom Arts Europe. London: Morthern Telecom Arts Europe, 1991.

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Midgley, Magdalena S. The megaliths of Northern Europe. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2008.

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Hinds, Kathryn. The Celts of Northern Europe. Tarrytown, N.Y: Benchmark Books, 1997.

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Nikunen, Heikki. Air defence in Northern Europe. Helsinki: National Defence College, 1997.

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Robinson, Deborah B. The Sami of Northern Europe. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Northern Europe"

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Evengå, Birgitta, Audrone Marcinkute, and Eskild Petersen. "Northern Europe." In Infectious Diseases: A Geographic Guide, 218–29. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119971641.ch17.

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Harriss, Harriet, Naomi House, Monika Parrinder, and Tom Ravenscroft. "Northern Europe." In 100 Women, 239–56. London: RIBA Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032649580-20.

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Evengard, Birgitta, Audrone Marcinkute, and Eskild Petersen. "Northern Europe." In Infectious Diseases, 257–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119085751.ch18.

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Church, Clive H. "Northern Europe." In Europe in 1830, 95–107. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003227618-8.

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BUNTING, M. "Northern Europe." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 2730–35. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-444-52747-8/00201-5.

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O'Brien, William. "Northern Europe." In Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605651.003.0011.

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Copper objects first circulated in Britain and Ireland around 2500 BC, thus beginning a short-lived Chalcolithic that ended with the rapid adoption of tin-bronze metallurgy after 2100 BC. Both islands have numerous sources of copper; however, these orebodies are not evenly distributed, nor were they all accessible to the prehistoric miner. This is part of the explanation why certain regions developed a strong tradition of copper mining that lasted well into the Bronze Age. Ireland has long been regarded as a significant producer of metal in the Bronze Age. This reflects the large quantities of Bronze Age metalwork found in a part of Europe with abundant sources of copper. The south-west region of Cork and Kerry was the main centre for early copper production. This began with mining at Ross Island in Killarney, where Beaker culture groups produced arsenical copper during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age (c.2400–1900 BC). Farther south, there are seven copper mines now dated to the Early to Middle Bronze Age (c.1800–1400 BC) in the peninsulas of west Cork. These are known as Mount Gabriel-type mines, the name coming from the single largest concentration of such workings located on the eastern slopes of this mountain in the Mizen Peninsula (O’Brien 1994, 2003). The recent discovery of trench workings at Derrycarhoon continues the story of Bronze Age copper mining in that area to 1300–1100 BC, after which this activity seems to have ceased (O’Brien 2013). The study of these mines began during the late eighteenth/ early nineteenth centuries, when mineral prospecting led to the discovery of primitive workings at several locations in south-west Ireland. Described as ‘Dane’s Workings’ in the antiquarian literature, these mines were associated with the use of firesetting and stone hammers (see quotations from Griffith 1828 and Thomas 1850 (in O’Brien 2003) in Chapter 1). The first systematic research began in the 1930s with the discovery of the Mount Gabriel group by the geologist, Tom Duffy. These were subsequently mapped by another geologist, John Jackson, who brought these mines to wider attention when he obtained a Bronze Age date for charcoal taken from mine spoil on the mountain (Jackson 1968).
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"Northern Europe." In World Statistics Pocketbook 2018, 25. UN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/885bf5da-en.

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"Northern Europe." In World Statistics Pocketbook (Ser. V), 25. United Nations, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210025249c026.

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Ramsay, G. D. "Northern Europe." In The Hakluyt Handbook, 155–60. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315557427-11.

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"Northern Europe." In Statistical Papers - United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report, 169. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/b1efebca-en.

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Conference papers on the topic "Northern Europe"

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Yoshino, Takeo, and Ichiro Tomizawa. "Balloon and Satellite Observation of Power Line Radiation over Northern Europe." In 6th Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Zurich, 295–300. IEEE, 1985. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1985.10798859.

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Karppinen, Pasi, Sameera Bandaranayake, Lotta Haukipuro, Yomn Elmistikawy, and Harri Saarnisaari. "Gaps in value-driven connectivity: A case study on connectivity challenges in Northern Europe." In 2024 IEEE 35th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817270.

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Nikolova, Nina, Simeon Matev, Neli Hristova, and Kalina Radeva. "HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT IMPACT ON CEREAL PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN BULGARIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 121–28. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s12.15.

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On the background of regional climate changes, an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme droughts has been observed in many regions of Europe in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. While common in southern Europe, including Bulgaria, drought can adversely affect human life and economic activities. Extreme droughts lead to water scarcity, restricting the availability of irrigation water for agricultural purposes. In the regions where irrigation is vital for sustaining crop production, diminished water availability can result in crop failures and economic losses. This study aims to contribute to understanding the climate-water-food nexus by assessing the impact of drought on the main cereal crops in Bulgaria, namely maize, wheat, and barley. The analysis incorporates climatic data (air temperature and precipitation), hydrological data (streamflow), and statistical data on crop yields. Drought indices such as Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) were calculated at different timescales (from 1 to 12 months) to identify drought periods. A significant decrease in yields is observed during dry years. Correlation analysis shows a clear link between drought in warm months and maize production, while the winter drought is more crucial for wheat and barley.
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Yoshino, Takeo, and Ichiro Tomizawa. "Measurement of Power Line Radiation over Eastern Asia and Northern Europe by the EXOS-A "OHZORA" Satellite." In 7th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 455–60. IEEE, 1987. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1987.10778985.

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Lynn, Evelyn, Sarah Forde, Alessandro N. Franciosi, Elisabeth Bendstrup, Marcel Veltkamp, Anne Wind, Coline Van Moorsel, et al. "Updated Prevalence of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis in Northern Europe." In ERS Congress 2024 abstracts, PA2092. European Respiratory Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2024.pa2092.

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Johansson, Henrik, Ane Johannessen, Mathias Holm, Bertil Forsberg, Vivi Schlünssen, Rain Jogi, Eva Lindberg, Andrei Malinovschi, and Össur Ingi Emilsson. "Socioeconomic impact of chronic cough in Northern Europe." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.1675.

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Inglis, R. B., R. J. B. Mathieson, N. W. Snedden, and V. A. Staton. "Shell Expro's Northern Operations Structural Integrity Project." In Offshore Europe. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-19271-ms.

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Pantjiaros, C. A. "The mapping of HF spectral occupancy over northern Europe." In Ninth International Conference on Antennas and Propagation (ICAP). IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19950383.

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Fa¨lt, Martin, and Ron Zevenhoven. "Radiative Cooling in Northern Europe Using a Roof Window." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90192.

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The design and performance of a triple glass window used as a roof component was analyzed in this paper. A mathematical model was set up for the component and weather data for the Finnish city Helsinki was used to assess its performance. This roof component would act as a passive radiative cooler during the summer and as a thermal insulator during the rest of the year. This versatile usage of the window component would thus decrease the need for traditional air-conditioning during summer and hence save electricity. The triple glass window would consist of one normal silica window and of two High Density Polyethylene (HPDE) windows. The space between the three windows would contain a (pressurized) greenhouse gas that would act as the heat carrier in this system. The heat would be transferred in to the system to the gas by heat radiation, conduction and natural convection through the window facing the room. This heated gas would then rise to the upper vacant space due to a decrease in the gases density caused by the heating. In the upper vacant part, the gas would then be cooled by radiative cooling through the HDPE, and the atmospheric window with colder air masses in the upper atmosphere. When, the greenhouse gas would have cooled down its density would increase and the gas would drop to the lower part of the window component. During times when no cooling would be needed the connection between the two vacant spaces would be cut, thus changing the roof components’ task from a passive radiative cooler to a thermal insulator. The heating of the space due to sunshine is of course evident and lower temperatures would be achieved if no window at all be used, but for places were roof windows are built this component would offer a viable alternative. This paper is a continuation to the paper by Zevenhoven and Fa¨lt submitted to this conference (1).
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Maver, K. G., O. M. Vestavik, and C. Hanna. "Harvesting Geothermal Energy from Salt Structures Onshore Northern Europe." In Fifth EAGE Global Energy Transition Conference & Exhibition (GET 2024), 1–5. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202421058.

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Reports on the topic "Northern Europe"

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Sundseth, Roar. Present and Future Security Challenges in Northern Europe. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404352.

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Besserudhagen, Svein A. Security in Northern Europe after the Cold War,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328339.

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Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordic Council of Ministers. Social Indicators in the Forest Sector in Northern Europe. Nordic Council of Ministers, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2013-584.

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Ruosteenoja, Kimmo. Applicability of CMIP6 models for building climate projections for northern Europe. Finnish Meteorological Institute, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361416.

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In this report, we have evaluated the performance of nearly 40 global climate models (GCMs) participating in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The focus is on the northern European area, but the ability to simulate southern European and global climate is discussed as well. Model evaluation was started with a technical control; completely unrealistic values in the GCM output files were identified by seeking the absolute minimum and maximum values. In this stage, one GCM was rejected totally, and furthermore individual output files from two other GCMs. In evaluating the remaining GCMs, the primary tool was the Model Climate Performance Index (MCPI) that combines RMS errors calculated for the different climate variables into one index. The index takes into account both the seasonal and spatial variations in climatological means. Here, MCPI was calculated for the period 1981—2010 by comparing GCM output with the ERA-Interim reanalyses. Climate variables explored in the evaluation were the surface air temperature, precipitation, sea level air pressure and incoming solar radiation at the surface. Besides MCPI, we studied RMS errors in the seasonal course of the spatial means by examining each climate variable separately. Furthermore, the evaluation procedure considered model performance in simulating past trends in the global-mean temperature, the compatibility of future responses to different greenhouse-gas scenarios and the number of available scenario runs. Daily minimum and maximum temperatures were likewise explored in a qualitative sense, but owing to the non-existence of data from multiple GCMs, these variables were not incorporated in the quantitative validation. Four of the 37 GCMs that had passed the initial technical check were regarded as wholly unusable for scenario calculations: in two GCMs the responses to the different greenhouse gas scenarios were contradictory and in two other GCMs data were missing from one of the four key climate variables. Moreover, to reduce inter-GCM dependencies, no more than two variants of any individual GCM were included; this led to an abandonment of one GCM. The remaining 32 GCMs were divided into three quality classes according to the assessed performance. The users of model data can utilize this grading to select a subset of GCMs to be used in elaborating climate projections for Finland or adjacent areas. Annual-mean temperature and precipitation projections for Finland proved to be nearly identical regardless of whether they were derived from the entire ensemble or by ignoring models that had obtained the lowest scores. Solar radiation projections were somewhat more sensitive.
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Wood, Jonas, Leen Marynissen, Jessica Nisén, Peter Fallesen, Karel Neels, Alessandra Trimarchi, Lars Dommermuth, Ruben Van Gaalen, Martin Kolk, and Pekka Martikainen. Regional variation in women’s education-fertility nexus in Northern and Western Europe. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2021-021.

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Choi-Allum, Lona. Global Insights on Retaining Workers Ages 45-Plus: Northern / Western Europe - Infographic. Washington, DC: AARP Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00553.006.

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Gregow, Hilppa, Terhi K. Laurila, Antti Mäkelä, and Mika Rantanen. Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361188.

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Sharples, Jack. LNG supply chains and the development of LNG as a shipping fuel in northern Europe. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781784671266.

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Kersley, L., and I. K. Walker. Total Electron Content and Scintillation in the Vicinity of the Main Ionospheric through Over Northern Europe. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241205.

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Steckel, Richard. Health and Nutrition in the Preindustrial Era: Insights from a Millennium of Average Heights in Northern Europe. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8542.

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