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Usupbaev, Adilet. "The Synopsis of the Genus Phleum L. (Poaceae) in Flora of The Kyrgyz Republic." Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Serija 11. Estestvennye nauki, no. 2 (August 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu11.2018.2.2.
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On the base of investigation of material kept in Herbarium of flora laboratory (Institute for Biology and Pedology, National Aсademy of Sciences (FRU), a synopsis of the genus Phleum L. (Poaceae) in flora of Kyrgyz Republic with a key for identification of species and short citats is presented. Six species are recognized in Kyrgyz Republic (Phleum phleoides H. Karst., Phleum himalaicum Mez, Phleum paniculatum Huds., Phleum pratense L., Phleum roshevitzii Pavlov, Phleum alpinum L.). Phleumroshevitzii Pavlov newly reported for Kyrgyz Republic (Issyk-Kul Lake depression, Northern Kyrgyzstan). Maps of distribution for species growing in Kyrgyz Republic (Laskov GA., Sultanova BA., 2011) and list of studied specimens are provided. NK - Northern Kyrgyzstan (Chu Valley with adjacent northern macro-slope of Alexander Mountain Range, and the basin of Chon-Kemin River); IK - Issyk-Kul Lake depression (including northern macro-slope of TerskeiAla-Too Mountain Range, southern slope of KungeiAla-Too Mountain Range, basins of Tyup, Jergalan, and Karkyra rivers); CT - Central Tien Shan (basin of the Sary-Dzhaz River); WT - esternTien Shan (Talas and Chatkal valleys together with slopes of adjacent mountain ranges, and Ketmen-Tyube Valley); F - Cis-Ferghanian Kyrgyzstan (edges of the Fergana Valley, with adjacent macro-slopes of Chatkal Mountain Range, Fergana Mountain Range, Turkestan Mountain range, and Alai Mountain System); IT - Inner Tien Shan (the area bounded in the north by Kyrgyz Mt. Ridge, in the southwest by Fergana Mountain Range, and in the south-east by Kokshaal-Too Mountain System); А - Alai Valley (including southern macro-slope of Alai Mts. and northern macro-slope of Trans-Alai Mt. Range); EK - Entire territory of Kyrgyzstan (i. e. species is registered in all of abovementioned regions). Kyrgyz Republic is located in the centre of Eurasia. The distance to an Indian Ocean is about 3 000 km. The total square is about 198,500 km2. Altitudes are from 410 to 7 439 m above sea level. Over 90 % of the territory is elevated above 1 500 m. About 40 % of nearly uninhabitable: glaciers, permanent snow, rocks, scree, alpine desert, etc. Ca. 7 % of territory is occupied by the cultural landscape: fields, settlements, roads, and industry (Atlas…1987). Only the main literature sources are cited for species: “Flora URSS” (Ovczinnikov, 1934), “Flora of Kirghiz SSR”(Nikitina, 1950), “Conspectus florae AsiaeMediae” (Gamajunova, 1968), and also the monograph of Tzvelev NN. “Grasses of URSS” (Tzvelev, 1976). The article contains 1 Figures, 1 key for identification of species, and 11 References.
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Kuular, Khulermaa B. "Estimation of the vegetation diversity of the Western Tannu-Ola Range." E3S Web of Conferences 149 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014903005.
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This paper discusses the main indicators diversity of vegetation in key areas of the northern macro slope of the Western Tannu-Ola Range. The degree of forest cover and vegetation fragmentation were estimated using Landsat-TM/ ETM+/OLI images for June 25, 1992, June 18, 1998 and June 24, 2015 in QGIS using the plugin Landscape Ecology. The Simpson index shows of increasing biodiversity in different altitudes. The results showed that with increasing climate warming in the region and maintaining this trend, the proportion of dark coniferous forest at all altitude levels (foothill, mid-elevation and high-elevation zones) will increase. And this led to a decrease in the fragmentation of the forest cover of northern macro slope of this range.
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Lavrentiev, I. I., A. M. Smirnov, P. A. Toropov, et al. "Glaciological Studies of the Institute of Geography, RAS, on the Elbrus Mount in 2023." Journal "Ice and snow" 63, no. 4 (2023): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2076673423040099.
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Received August 29, 2023; revised 4, September 2023; accepted October 2, 2023In June 2023, mass-balance and meteorological observations on Elbrus were expanded: monitoring of the Mikelchiran glacier on the northern slope of the volcano was added to the permanent observations on the southern slope (Garabashi glacier). Such synchronized observations on the opposite macro-slopes of Elbrus have not been carried out before.
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Usupbaev, Adilet. "The Synopsis of the Genus PiptatherumBeauv.(Poaceae) in Flora of the Kirgiz Republic." Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Serija 11. Estestvennye nauki, no. 1 (August 2018): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu11.2018.1.1.
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For the first time, the paper reviews the results of detailed revision of herbarium materials from Poaceae Collection (FRU) kept in the Institute for Biology and Soil Science, National Academy of Sciences of the Kirgiz Republic (Bishkek). Synopsis of the genus Piptatherum Beauv. of Kirgiz flora is presented, with brief nomenclature citations and the key for identification. For species, only the main literature sources are cited: Flora of the URSS, Flora of Kirgiz SSR, Conspectus florae Asiae Mediae, and also Tsvelev’s monograph Grasses of the URSS. Piptatherum sogdianum (Grig.) Roshev. is newly reported for the Kyrgyzstan (Chon-Alai province, Alai mounting range, western slope, Kashka-Suuhole 29 VII 1948; Chon-Alai province, Alai mounting range, east stony slope, Balgyndyhole, 6 VIII 1948, Kashenko). The original illustrations, as photographs of spikelet and distributional maps, accompany the synopsis for each species: Piptatherum alpestre (Grig.) Roshev., Piptatherum ferganense (Litv.) Roshev.ex E. Nikit., Piptatherum holciforme (Bieb.) Roem.&Schult., Piptatherum laterale (Regel) Roshev., Piptatherum latifolium (Roshev.) Nevski, Piptatherum sogdianum (Grig.) Roshev., Piptatherum songaricum (Trin. &Rupr.) Roshev.exNikitina. Spreading within the Kirgizstan territory (conventional regions after the “Cadastre…2011”): Northern Kirgizstan, Issyk-Kul Lake depression, Central Tien Shan, Western Tien Shan, Cis-Ferghanian Kirgizstan, Inner Tien Shan, Alai Valley including southern macro-slope of Alai mountain range and northern macro-slope of Trans-Alai mountain range, entire territory of Kirgizstan.
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Dzuev, R. I., R. K. Sabanova, A. A. Evgazhukova, E. Z. Irugova та A. R. Dzuev. "Хромосомный набор, распространение, численность и биотопическая приуроченность каменной куницы (Martes foina nehringi Satunin, 1905) на Северном Кавказе". Field Biologist Journal 2, № 2 (2020): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2658-3453-2020-2-2-132-142.
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This paper describes for the first time the chromosome set of stone marten in the North Caucasus from two disconnected points. The karyotype did not show polymorphism, both in number and morphology of autosomes and heterochromosomes. In a double set contains 38 chromosomes. In addition, new data on distribution based on the cadastral map, which is compiled on karyologically dated material, taking into account the altitudinal-belt structure of mountain landscapes, is presented. Also, new materials on the dynamics of numbers taking into account the habitat, as well as current trends of anthropogenic changes in the structure of the stone marten habitat in the northern macro slope of the Central Caucasus. The study showed that stone marten is a very plastic species and can inhabit the territory of the northern macro slope of the Central Caucasus and that, in the presence of food and suitable shelters in almost all biotopes, including anthropogenic. The number of stone marten in the study area is highest in the forest-steppe and subalpine zones.
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Otradnykh, I. G., I. A. Syedina, and B. B. Ualyeva. "New habitats and status of populations of rare species Crocus alatavicus Regel et Sem. and Plagiobasis centauroides Schrenk." Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 19, no. 2 (2020): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020130.
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This article describes the places of growth and populations composition of two rare species. Crocusalatavicus population, located on the northern macro slope of the eastern part of Kungei Alatau, is abundant and sustainable.Plagiobasis centauroides population, located in the desert-steppe low-mountain belt of the Boguty Mountains, is smalland is under the anthropogenic influence.
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Perevozov, A. G. "First records of the firecrest (Regulus ignicapilla, Regulidae, Aves) from the northern slopes of the West Caucasus." Zoologičeskij žurnal 103, no. 6 (2024): 118–26. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0044513424060068.
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This paper presents the results of a study of the distribution and abundance of the Firecrest (Regulus ignicapilla), a rare bird at the edge of its distribution range and listed in the Red Data Book of the Krasnodar Territory. Research was conducted from 2006 to 2023 in the West Caucasus. The total length of the expedition routes amounted to 8,885 km. Population counts were carried out over 2096 km of the routes. Since 2022, field detection of the species has become significantly improved through the use of audio playback recordings of the species. As a result, new breeding areas have been discovered on the northern macro slope in the vicinity of the Guzeripl ranger station in the Caucasian Strict Nature Reserve, in the Malaya Laba River valley, and in the Bolshoy Thach Nature Park, while the distribution in the Mzymta River valley has also been clarified. New wintering areas in the foothills of the Black Sea region and on the Kuban Plain are shown. These data have significantly expanded the known range of the Firecrest in the West Caucasus. New information has been obtained on the altitudinal distribution of the Firecrest, as well as its relationship with the Goldcrest (Regulus regulus). On the northern macro slope of the Main Caucasus Range, firecrests live alongside goldcrests across an altitudinal range of 880–1580 m above sea-level, while on the southern macro slope they coexist across a range of 840–1680 m above sea-level. At higher altitudes, only goldcrests occur. The new data on the distribution and population density make it possible to provide estimates of the current sizes of the populations in the Krasnodar Territory (3.9 thousand pairs), the Republic of Adygea (1.8 thousand pairs), Abkhazia (2.1 thousand pairs) and in the entire West Caucasus (7.8 thousand pairs).
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Sapargaliyeva, Nazym, Sayat Sharakhmetov, Saidina Kobegenova, Erlan Kegenov, and Eleonora Kozhabaeva. "Diversity of the ichthyofauna in small rivers of the northern macro-slope of Saur-Tarbagatai (Central Asia)." BIO Web of Conferences 100 (2024): 04036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410004036.
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Studying the fish composition of small rivers and streams allows us to understand the diversity of species, their ecology, and the interrelationships in the ecosystem. Monitoring of these species can help in assessing the state of aquatic ecosystems and identifying potential problems. This paper shows the results of fish diversity studies of in 12 rivers flowing on the northern slope of the Saur-Tarbagatai Mountains. The study of fish diversity of 12 rivers in 2023 showed the presence of 10 species, representing native and alien ichthyofauna of Kazakhstan. The highest fish diversity was found in the Saryeshki river and the Kendirlik river. Only one fish species is represented in the rivers Zhinishkesu and Sarybulak. The dominant species in numbers are Siberian gudgeon, stone loach, European minnow, Chinese false gudgeon and naked osman. Aboriginal species spined loach is the least represented in all water bodies encountered, and as of 2023 it can be classified as a rare native fish.
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Bergstad, Odd A., Konstantin Tabachnick, Elena Rybakova, et al. "Macro- and megafauna on the slopes of the Saya de Malha Bank of the Mascarene Plateau." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, no. 2/2021 (July 20, 2022): 129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.si2021.2.10.
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A first characterization of the distribution and composition of benthic and demersal macro- and megafauna was derived based on video records sampled along five pre-determined transects up the slope on the western, northern and eastern sides of the Saya de Malha Bank on the Mascarene Plateau, starting at a maximum depth of 1000 m. Abundance was highest in the upper parts of eastern slope locations, primarily reflecting a relatively higher abundance of black corals (Antipatharia) than in other locations. A consistent feature of several transects, but most prominent in eastern and northern slopes, was the occurrence of patchy coral and sponge aggregations along the margin where the substrate was mostly hard. In some cases, these aggregations might be considered ‘gardens’ but reefs were not observed. Higher-level taxonomical composition of the fauna is presented. Demersal fish were widespread but not abundant, and within the depth range studied, there was a transition from a marginal shallow fish assemblage to a deepwater assemblage. Fishes were in most cases only assigned to family level, and 49 families were recorded. To thoroughly assess the biodiversity and abundance of fauna of the slopes of Saya de Malha Bank, further studies conducting more detailed video transects and sampling of specimens are warranted.
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Zibzeev, E. G. "High-mountain vegetation of the southern macro-slope of Academician Obruchev Range (East Tuva Plateau)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 12 (2008): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2008.12.3.
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The Academician Obruchev Range is situated between Central Asian and the South Siberian high mountains. Residual influence of western moist air masses, constant influence of southern anticyclone in summer and northern one in winter form the semi-humid climate type of this region. The altitudinal belt vegetation structure of the western and central part of the southern macroslope of the Academician Obruchev Range belong to the East-Tuva semi-humid continental type. The upper limit of forests lies at the altitude about 1800 meters above s. l. The high-mountain belt is subdivided into two flora-coenotic complexes: the lower one (1800—2000 meters above s. l.) with domination of moss–Betula rotundifolia shrub tundras and light forests, and the higher one (2000—2200 meters above s. l.) with lichen, dryad, crowberry and grass tundras prevalence. The plant communities belong to 19 associations, 9 formations, 8 florocoenotypes and 3 ecological-historical series. The cryohemixerophilous ecological-historical community series of mountain genesis, that were formed in moderately dry and cold environments, occupy the leading positions in high-mountain vegetation structure. The most widely spread communities of cryo-mesophilous ecological-historical series are light Pinus sibirica forests.
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ЛУЦЬКА, Мар'яна Петрівна, та Артур Геннадійович СІРЕНКО. "ЛАНДШАФТНО-БІОТОПІЧНИЙ РОЗПОДІЛ ЖУКІВ-СТАФІЛІНІД (STAPHYLINIDAE, COLEOPTERA, IN-SECTA) ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ ПІВНІЧНОГО МАКРОСХИЛУ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАРПАТ ТА ПЕРЕДКАРПАТТЯ". Біологія та екологія 5, № 2 (2018): 76–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2367925.
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Rove beetles is one of the largest families of Coleoptera on our planet, which play an important role in terrestrial biotopes. Despite this aspect, the family of rove beetles is one of the least investigated groups of insects, particularly in the ecological aspect. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the landscape-biotopic distribution of rove beetles of the northern macro-slope of the Ukrainian Carpathians and the Precarpathian region. The survey of the beetles was carried out by the rout method. As a result of the research, carried out on fauna of rove beetles 52 species of Staphylinidae were found, they belong to 9 subfamilies: Omaliinae (1), Oxytelinae (7), Staphylininae (24), Oxyporinae (1), Paederinae (6), Sten-inae (4), Tachyporinae (7), Xantholininae (4), Olistaerinae (1). The dominant species among the biotopes studied are Ocypus compressus (Marsh, 1802), Atrecus longiceps (Fauvel, 1872), Staphylinus erythropterus (Linnaeus, 1758), Tachinus rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758), Staphylinus cae-sareus Cederhjelm, 1798, Philonthus splendens (Fabricius, 1792), Tachyporus hipnorum (Fabricius, 1775), Pyc-noglypta lurida (Gyllenhal, 1827). The research was conducted in the seven biotops which are located in four tall belts of the northern macro-slope of the Ukrainian Carpathians and the Precarpathian region.: 1. the subalpine belt of the Ukrainian Carpathi-ans, where alpine pines grow (biotope A); 2 - the upper mountain-forest belt, where European cedar pines and fir-spruce groups are found this zone is characterized by a lower degree of anthropogenic loading (biotope B and C); 3 - the lower mountain belt with fir-spruce and beech groups (biotope D and E); 4 – the foothill belt is represented by mixed coniferous forests (biotope F and G). The largest number is typical for the biotopes of beech and mixed forests, the share of Staphylinidae was 45 and 35% of the total quantity of Coleoptera Linnaeus. This aspect is likely to be explained with a higher diversity of food resources, habitats and more favorable stable abiotic conditions of existence. The fir-spruce biotopes contain 20% share of Staphylinidae. In the rest of groups of biotopes, the share of Staphylinidae was 15%.
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Kaliyev, B. Sh, G. Т. Sitpayeva, K. Ussen, and B. R. Saikenov. "The vegetation types of low mountains and mid mountains of Northern range (macro slope) of the Zhetysu Alatau." Experimental Biology 83, no. 2 (2020): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577//eb.2020.v83.i2.01.
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Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Walter Zupa, Pierluigi Carbonara, et al. "Spatial distribution of marine macro-litter on the seafloor in the northern Mediterranean Sea: the MEDITS initiative." Scientia Marina 83, S1 (2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04987.14a.
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Marine litter is one of the main sources of anthropogenic pollution in the marine ecosystem, with plastic representing a global threat. This paper aims to assess the spatial distribution of plastic macro-litter on the seafloor, identifying accumulation hotspots at a northern Mediterranean scale. Density indices (items km–2) from the MEDITS trawl surveys (years 2013-2015) were modelled by generalized additive models using a Delta-type approach and several covariates: latitude, longitude, depth, seafloor slope, surface oceanographic currents and distances from main ports. To set thresholds for the identification of accumulation areas, the percentiles (85th, 90th and 95th) of the plastic spatial density distribution were computed on the raster data. In the northern Mediterranean marine macro-litter was widespread (90.13% of the 1279 surveyed stations), with plastic by far the most recurrent category. The prediction map of the plastic density highlighted accumulation areas (85th, 90th and 95th percentiles of the distribution, respectively, corresponding to 147, 196 and 316 items km–2) in the Gulf of Lions, eastern Corsica, the eastern Adriatic Sea, the Argo-Saronic region and waters around southern Cyprus. Maximum densities were predicted in correspondence to the shallower depths and in proximity to populated areas (distance from the ports). Surface currents and local water circulation with cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies were identified as drivers likely facilitating the sinking to the bottoms of floating debris.
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Brykova, A. L., and L. V. Frisman. "INVESTIGATION OF THE ALLELIC COMPOSITION OF THE MA-3 MICROSATELLITE LOCUS IN SABLE (MARTES ZIBELLINA L., 1758) OF THE MIDDLE AMUR REGION: ANALYSIS OF THE COLLECTIONS OF SUCCESSIVE HUNTING SEASONS." Regional problems 24, no. 2-3 (2021): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2021-24-2-3-99-102.
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The authors investigated the allele microsatellite locus Ma-3 composition in the Middle Amur Region sable (Martes zibellina). Three subpopulations of animals from the Bureinsky Highlands (Magan, Sutyr and Kamenushka), as well as one from the western macro slope of the Sikhote-Alin ridge (Manoma) were analyzed. The genetic material was collected for the hunting seasons of 2011/2012 – 2017/2018. Subpopulations of the northern (Magan) and middle (Sutyr) parts of the Bureinsky ridge were most similar to each other in their allele composition In the subpopulation of the Bureinsky Highlands southern part (Kamenushka) some slight differences were found. In the Manoma subpopulation, the specific allele 129 was found in hunting catches of 2012-2013 and 2017-2018. The specific allele presence in this subpopulation has proved some geographic isolation between the Sikhote Alin and the Bureinsky Highlands sable populations.
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Bykov, Nikolay I., Roman Yu Birjukov, Andrey A. Bondarovich, Nurkhat K. Zhakiyev, and Alexandr D. Djukarev. "Assessment of Maximum Snow-Water Equivalent in the Uba River Basin (Altai) Using the Temperature-Based Melt-Index Method." Climate 13, no. 6 (2025): 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13060117.
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The assessment of the maximum snow-water equivalent in mountains is important for understanding the mechanism of their formation, as well as for hydrological calculations. The low density of the observation network and the high complexity of ground-based snow-measuring operations have led to the widespread use of remote methods to obtain such data. In this study, the maximum water reserve of the Uba River basin was calculated for the period of 2020–2023, based on data from the Sentinel-2 satellite regarding the position of the seasonal snow line, obtained using the temperature-based melt-index method. This study determined the snowmelt coefficients for the meteorological stations at Zmeinogorsk, Shemonaikha, and Ridder. Maps were constructed to show the distribution of the maximum snow-water equivalent in the Uba River basin. The spatial differentiation features of the snow cover were revealed, depending on the elevation, slope exposure, and distance from the watersheds. It was established that the altitudinal distribution of snow cover on the northern and southern macro-slopes of the ridges is asymmetric: in the western part of the basin, within the elevation range of 500–1200 m, the maximum water reserves of snow cover are greater on the southern slopes, but they become higher on the northern slopes above 1200 m. In the eastern part of the basin, they are always larger on the northern slopes. The greatest differences in the distribution of snow cover between the slopes occur near the watersheds.
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RODITI-ELASAR, MIA, DAN KEREM, MICHAEL LAZAR, ORIT BARNEAH, AHUVA ALMOGI-LABIN, and DROR L. ANGEL. "Benthic macro-faunal abundance and diversity and sediment distribution in Akhziv submarine canyon and the adjacent slope (eastern Levant Basin, Mediterranean Sea)." Mediterranean Marine Science 20, no. 3 (2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19430.
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The Israeli coastline is generally characterized by a broad and shallow continental shelf. Akhziv submarine canyon (ASC), in its northern reach, creates a locally unique marine ecosystem. The present study is the first to investigate the benthic macro-fauna of ASC, in order to assess its importance as a potential productivity ‘hotspot’ within its ultra-oligotrophic surroundings. Seven research cruises were conducted during 2010-2013, along ASC’s two channels and at iso-bathic control sites on the adjacent slope (AS), encompassing 8 sampling stations, at depths of 40-450 m. Bottom samples were collected by a Van Veen Grab, gravity corer and a GOMEX box corer. The infauna (≥500 µm) were counted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Sediments were analysed for grain size & composition and total organic carbon concentration. Mean benthic macro-faunal abundance (individuals/500ml ± SD) was higher inside the canyon (13.0±19.4) compared to the AS (2.9±3.3) (p=0.004), as was estimated true taxon richness (Chao1): 42.2 versus 10, respectively. Sediments’ mode grain size was found to be significantly higher in ASC’s eastern channel compared to AS (p=0.028), along with sand enrichment of up to 36%. The higher macrofaunal abundance and taxon richness may relate to a more heterogeneous sea bed provided by the higher diversity in grain size existing inside ASC. A relatively rich benthic realm, such as that observed in the ASC, may serve as a refuge for certain species and by hosting a relatively diverse assemblage, stands a better chance of adapting to changing conditions such as climate change.
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Beznosova, T. M., and V. A. Matveev. "Stratotypic section of the Wenlockian Voyvyv horizon (Western slope of the Subpolar Urals)." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 24, no. 1 (2024): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2024-24-1-81-97.
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Research subject. The paper presents the results of a study into the carbonate-terrigenous section of 197.8 m-thick Wenlockian section in the Shchugor River basin, which is proposed as the stratotype of the regional horizon. Materials and methods. The study was based on numerous samples from Lower Silurian deposits collected by the authors in different years during fieldwork on the Western slope of the Circumpolar Urals and the Chernov and Chernyshev uplifts, as well as the biostratigraphic, paleontological, lithological, and C-isotopic data obtained during these works. Results. The obtained data allowed revising some of the established ideas about the structure of the Lower Silurian section and the position of the boundary level between the Llandoverian and Wenlockian in the Subpolar Urals and to identify a new regional subdivision with the name “Voyvyv”. The traced formation conditions of shallow carbonate sediments of the Voyvyv horizon and the consistent change of zonal taxa of marine fauna in the stratotype section indicate similarity with coeval strata on the Chernov and Chernyshev uplifts and Dolgy Island. Conclusions. The results of the study of Wenlockian Voyvyv deposits in the Timan-North Urals region showed that the section in the Shchugor River basin in outcrop 10c can be considered the most informative in the Northern Urals region in terms of exposure degree, established stratigraphic completeness, and preservation of macro- and microfauna.
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Seul, Cyprian. "Warunki geologiczno-inżynierskie na obszarze strefy krawędziowej Wzgórz Warszewskich." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia 70, no. 2 (2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/b.2015.70.2.9.
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<p>Development trends of the modern city imply a reduction in the number of inhabitants in its centre, and thus the construction of dormitory suburbs on the outskirts of the city. One of the potential areas for the development ofSzczecinis its northern part, i.e. the so-called Warszewo Hills. This area has both latitudinal and meridional extents of about 8 km, and is characterized by complicated engineering-geological conditions. It lies at altitudes ranging from the sea level (OdraRiver) to 130.9 m a.s.l. (Wielecka Góra), and has very varied relief. Its landscape consists of hills and flat plateaux, which are cut by deep small valleys, some of them with streams (e.g. the Warszewiec stream). Geological structure is characterized by the occurrence of glacitectonically disturbed moraine deposits mixed with the Tertiary sands and clays. Taking into account geodynamic processes and their intensity, the wide edge zone of the Warszewo Hills can be divided into three main parts: plateau with the upper edge of slope (area of precipitation infiltration), slope, which is cut by small erosion valleys in places (area of surface water and groundwater flow), slope foot (area of water flow and accumulation of slope deposits). One of the most important tasks of the design-investment process is to take action in such a way as to interfere as little as possible in the natural environment and at the same time to achieve the intended purpose. Predominant occurrence of cohesive deposits in the described area (Oligocene scaled clay mixed with moraine disturbed material) results in a high susceptibility of ground to moisture changes. Strength parameters of stable slopes built of clays considerably decrease under the influence of increasing moisture and thixotropy phenomenon. Then landslide processes are triggered, as well as very slow, hardly noticeable in a short time, soil creep. The complicated arrangement of deposit layers results in spatial variability of groundwater level, and proper design of building foundation is difficult, even in the case of a small, detached house. Too much interference in the landform features (through macro-levelling, construction of streets and routes in the area with steep slopes), the decrease of water retention and increase of surface runoff contribute to an intensification of some geodynamic processes. </p>
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Shiryaev, Anton G., Pavel A. Moiseev, Ursula Peintner, Nadezhda M. Devi, Vladimir V. Kukarskih, and Vladimir V. Elsakov. "Arctic Greening Caused by Warming Contributes to Compositional Changes of Mycobiota at the Polar Urals." Forests 10, no. 12 (2019): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121112.
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The long-term influence of climate change on spatio-temporal dynamics of the Polar mycobiota was analyzed on the eastern macro slope of the Polar Urals (Sob River valley and Mountain Slantsevaya) over a period of 60 years. The anthropogenic impact is minimal in the study area. Effects of environmental warming were addressed as changes in treeline and forest communities (greening of the vegetation). With warming, permafrost is beginning to thaw, and as it thaws, it decomposes. Therefore, we also included depth of soil thawing and litter decomposition in our study. Particular attention was paid to the reaction of aphyllophoroid fungal communities concerning these factors. Our results provide evidence for drastic changes in the mycobiota due to global warming. Fungal community composition followed changes of the vegetation, which was transforming from forest-tundra to northern boreal type forests during the last 60 years. Key fungal groups of the ongoing borealization and important indicator species are discussed. Increased economic activity in the area may lead to deforestation, destruction of swamps, and meadows. However, this special environment provides important services such as carbon sequestration, soil formation, protecting against flood risks, and filtering of air. In this regard, we propose to include the studied territory in the Polarnouralsky Natural Park.
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Bantsev, D. V., D. A. Ganyushkin, K. V. Chistyakov, A. A. Ekaykin, I. V. Tokarev, and I. V. Volkov. "Formation of glacier runoff on the northern slope of Tavan Bogd mountain massif based on stable isotopes data." Ice and Snow 58, no. 3 (2018): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-333-342.
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This investigation is based on measurements of stable isotopes concentrations (δD and δ18О) in water, snow and ice samples. Glaciers are composed of ice, snow, and fi n of atmospheric origin. The isotopic composition of these components is different, so when melting they form the melted glacial water with different isotope characteristics. Summer precipitation contains the heaviest isotopes, but only a small part of them remains on the glacier. The average isotopic composition of glacier ice represents the average composition of precipitation that accumulates on it. However, snow and fi n of different seasons can occur on the glacier surface, the isotopic composition of which differs from the isotopic composition of glacier ice. At different times of the ablation season different parts of the glacier melt, therefore the isotopic composition of melt waters will be different. Differences in the isotopic composition of the major runoff-forming components on the Northern slopes of the massif Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola had been identified. A part of melting ice in the formation of the runoff on this massif is determined by estimation of the isotopic composition of snow, ice, and fi n on different glaciers of this region. The average δ18О of snow on the glacier surface is −11.9‰, and this snow can be attributed to the precipitation fallen in late spring or early summer. Measured average isotopic composition of precipitation (δ18О = −11.9‰) was compared with the online calculator of the isotope content in precipitation (OIPC). The isotopic composition of glacial melt waters on the Northern macro-slope in the middle of July 2015 (δ18О = −15.3‰) differs from the isotopic composition of the territory of the Mongolian part of the massif (δ18О = −17.4‰) obtained from results of the analysis of eight samples taken at different edges of the glaciers at the beginning of August 2013. Isotopic separation shows important role of summer snow in feeding the glacial rivers of the massif even in the middle of the ablation season, especially for glaciers in the central part of the massif. The role of seasonal snow in feeding the glacier streams depends on the morphological type of glacier. It is maximum for corrie glaciers and minimum for the valley ones.
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VOSKOVA, Alla, Aleksei GUNYA, Vadim KARAVAYEV, and Dmitry MAR’INSKIH. "LAND USE AND POSSIBILITIES OF REGULATING ANTHROPOGENIC LOADS ON THE MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES OF THE NORTHERN MACRO-SLOPE OF THE GREAT CAUCASUS (On the example of the Karasu River valley)." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 1 (2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-1-16-24.
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Aim. The basis for the optimal development of mountain regions is the regulation of anthropogenic impact on natural land-scapes. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of natural landscapes of the highlands of the Central Caucasus and substantiate effective mechanisms that regulate economic activity in territories adjacent to nature conservation ones. On the example of the Karasu river valley, which is representative of the Northern macro slope of the Greater Caucasus, analyzes the features of anthropogenic impact in the form of recreation, tourism and grazing. Research methods. The key method of this research is the making of maps showing the landscape structure of the area under consideration, the spatial features of the location of exogenous processes and types of nature management. Using the above maps, the features of the geological and geomorphological basis and landscape structure of the Karasu river valley were identified, the features of modern nature management were characterized, the consequences of anthropogenic impact on natural landscapes were assessed, and the management approach were formulated to reduce the negative impact on the nature of mountain areas. To assess the land cover, high-resolution satellite images were used, according to which the difference vegetation in-dex was calculated, which most clearly distinguishes the main types of the cover. Results. Within the boundaries of the study area, the role of shrub-meadow vegetation of the subalpine zone, which performs a water-retaining function, is especially significant. The destruction of land cover due to overgrazing, the construction of capital facilities, and other types of economic activity without the necessary protective engineering and land reclamation measures favors the development of destructive exogenous processes. The border of the reserved and non-reserved territories is smooth (not sharp). Conclusions. The gradual transition from landscapes with a reserved regime to landscapes with different uses requires a revision of the concept of nature protection in the direction of developing measures on the principle of “protection in use.” Particular attention should be paid to the conservation of sub-alpine meadows, alpine meadows and wastelands, bog complexes, which have a high species diversity, the presence of endemic species and are small in area. The main environmental measures for these communities are state monitoring and the maximum possible reduction in anthropogenic impact.
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Cherkashin, A. K., and E. A. Rasputina. "Mathematical and statistical analysis of geo-images for studying the spatial organization of geosystems." Lomonosov Geography Journal 79, no. 5, 2024 (2024): 40–51. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.5.4.
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An important line of landscape studies is the development of new methods for quantitative analysis of spatial information basing on the progressing theoretical basis, here the theory of complex geosystems, their models of linear ordering and cohesion of various parts of a territorial entity. The method is based on the procedures of tangent stratification (fiber bundle) of geosystem functions of the connection of geographical characteristics and their transformation, which makes it possible to identify the genetic basis (geonome) of landscape structure and landscape organization based on space geo-images. Raster geo-images are deployed in a linear sequence, and the linear cohesion of the brightness values of different channels is calculated using the rolling regression method. A geonom has been identified and raster mapping of regression coefficients as parameters of the order of mountain landscapes of the southern macro-slope of the Tunka goletzy in the Eastern Sayan Mountains has been carried out. The multipath geonomic function calculated from spatial data displays the hidden essence of the original geo-image, which can be restored with 88% accuracy using this function. Each path ray highlights a geonome of a corresponding geomere, according to which it becomes possible to compare and classify geosystems, as well as to trace their spatial and temporal variability. High values of the cohesion order parameters relate to the geosystems of highlands, northern slopes and river valleys; they also highlight the point boundaries of the geomere’s cores and the lineaments of the territorial structure.
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Ostashchenko, A. N., and A. Yu Zakharov. "About the population of the Golden Eagle in the Eastern part of the Kyrgyz Range, Northern Tian Shan, Kyrgyzstan." Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-22-25.
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The material for this paper is based on occasional observations of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) over a 30-year period and on breeding data collected from March 21 to April 14, and from May 21 to June 14, 2019, in the foothills and middle mountains of the northern macro slope of the Kyrgyz Range, from the Boom Valley in the east to the Kara-Balta area in the west. This territory is stretching on 170 km. The main goal of the fieldwork was to search for Saker Falcon’s (Falco cherrug) nests, thus information about the Golden Eagle’s nests was collected mostly occasionally. Nevertheless, these data objectively reflect the current state of the population. During the survey period, six active nests of the Golden Eagle were discovered. One nest was located on a rock ledge, two nests were built within niches in conglomerate cliffs, and three nests were found on clay cliffs. In the latter case, the nests were built on the basis of shrubs growing on the cliffs. Usually, the contents of the nests were not observed. Only in one nest an egg was seen on March 26, and on May 23 the nest contained a fledgling with growing flight feathers. In total, during the field trip, 11 adult and two juvenile Golden Eagles were encountered, excluding territorial birds observed near the nests. The Golden Eagle is present in the Kyrgyz Range all year round. It appears that a pair consistently maintains its nesting territory, driving all other large eagles away. For instance, on December 3, 2018, in the foothills of the Kyrgyz Range, we observed two Golden Eagles relentlessly chase and attack an Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). Breeding displays were observed near the Orto-Tokoy Reservoir on January 22, 2010. Young eagles spend the winter with their parents, who continue to feed them occasionally. In various locations within the Tien Shan range, groups of three birds, including one juvenile, are encountered throughout the winter. Presumably, during the incubation period, parents drive young birds away from themselves, at least from the vicinity of the breeding territory. For instance, on April 7, 2019, in the Beyisheke area, a pair of adults persistently chased a juvenile away from their nest. However, even during this time, it is possible to observe both adult and young Golden Eagles soaring together. Actually, the main mystery of the ecology of Golden Eagles nesting in the foothills is the structure of their spring-summer diet. There are no marmots (Marmota sp.) here, the desert hare (Lepus tibetanus) is rare in most of the area, as well as the chukar (Alectoris chukar) and the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Perhaps snakes play a significant role in its summer diet, since we have seen Golden Eagles carrying a snake several times. The earliest case of carrying a snake was noted as early as March 21. The local people’s attitude towards this species is mostly favorable. Three nests were located near roads and were clearly visible from them. Two nests were situated no more than a kilometer away from residential livestock enclosures, where domestic chickens and turkeys were kept alongside sheep. However, Golden Eagles do not attack domestic birds or lambs. This behavior allows them to peacefully coexist with livestock farmers for many years. Generally, the human attitude towards the Golden Eagle in the Kyrgyz Range is mostly neutral. Occasionally, it is kept for falconry purposes, but there are few enthusiasts left, and nowadays it is more of a show than a substantial practice. As a result, Golden Eagle’s population is not significantly impacted by falconers. The trend of making stuffed animals, which was very popular in the late 20th and early 21st centuries has almost disappeared. Occasionally, Golden Eagles die in traps set on other animals. There is a known case of a car accident with a Golden Eagle in the Boom Valley. As a result, the bird lost its sight. In May 2019, a dried-up carcass of a Golden Eagle was found beneath the aerial power line. Upon examination, it was discovered that half of its wing was severed with a very clean cut along the ulna and radius bones. This undoubtedly indicates a high speed collision. Most likely, the bird dived for prey and did not notice a conductor at least 10 centimeters thick against the background of the mountains. In total, the number of discovered nests, their location in areas of high human activity, and the attitude of the local population are driving us to the conclusion that the population of the Golden Eagle in the eastern part of the northern macro slope of the Kyrgyz Range is in a favorable state.
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MV, Ninu Krishna, Prasanna MV, and Vijith H. "Trend characteristics of rainy days and evaporation at a tropical rainforest region in East Malaysia, Borneo." Earth Sciences Research Journal 24, no. 3 (2020): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n3.77670.
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Impact of climate change over the hydrological system in a region can be identified through statistical characterization of hydrometerological parameters such as rainfall, temperature, humidity and evaporation. In order to understand the influence of climate change, statistical trend characteristics of rainy days, non-rainy days and evaporation rate in the Limbang River Basin (LRB) in Sarawak, Malaysia, Northern Borneo was assessed in the present research. Annual rainfall and monthly evaporation data, over a period of 46 years, (1970 - 2015) corresponding to three rain gauging stations, the Limbang DID, Ukong and Long Napir were used in the research. Linear regression model, Mann Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator techniques were applied to detect the statistical trends in rainy days and evaporation. A statistically significant increasing trend in annual rainy days was found at all the stations. Non-rainy days showed a statistically significant decreasing trend at Limbang DID and Ukong. Monthly evaporation rates showed an overall increasing trend and the greatest increasing trend in evaporation was observed in September (2.55 mm/year) for the Limbang DID and in December (2.61 mm/year) for Ukong. Evaporation measured at the Ukong station also showed a non-significant decrease during June and September. A comparison of the evaporation controlling meteorological variables such as rainfall, temperature and relative humidity indicates inter-influence at various strengths. Along with local precipitation characteristics, wind and fluctuation of atmospheric temperature over the region plays a vital role in increased rate of evaporation from the region. Overall, the analysis identified a statistically significant increasing trend in rainy days and evaporation in the LRB. The results of the present research can be used as critical planning data for micro and macro hydroelectric projects in the river basin.
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Kozlovskyy, V., N. Romanyuk, and R. Yurechko. "Influence of spontaneous silvatization on physicochemical properties of chernozem of extrazonal meadow-steppe plant communities of Botanical Reserve “Makitra” (National Nature Park “Northern Podillia”, Ukraine)." Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series, no. 87 (November 11, 2022): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2022.87.08.
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Meadow-steppe plant communities of the nature reserve territories of the National Nature Park “Northern Podillia”, in particular, the “Makitra” reserve located outside the steppe zone, as a result of the decrease in economic activity and the effect of the passive protection mode (absolutely reserved regime) of rare plant species populations are under the threat of spontaneous afforestation and may lose their original purpose. The changes that accompany the sylvatization process concern all components of the biogeocenosis. In the process of degradation of the grass phytocenosis, the morphological features and physical and chemical properties of the soil undergo changes too. Soil profiles were taken on the northeastern slope of Makitra Mountain, in the meadow-steppe plant association. We revealed that 12–15 years after the beginning of afforestation with Scots pine, chernozem under the primary meadow-steppe plant association possesses apparent signs of degradation throughout the depth of the profile: (1) degradation of surface organogenic horizons (Hc + Hd); (2) lowering the depth of the carbonate level in the profile by 10–15 cm; (3) loss of organic matter by 30–50 %; (4) reduction of cation exchange capacity by 15–20 %; (5) leaching of CaСО3 (>50 % from the H horizon) and other macro- (K, Na, Mg, Fe, Al) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb) (up to 10–30 %). The intensity of leaching processes at the study time-point remains high, evidenced by the higher content of amorphous silica, aluminum, and water-soluble carbon in the soil at the afforestation stage, compared to virgin chernozem. The obtained results provide basics for predicting the soil development from typical chernozem under virgin meadow-steppe phytocenosis to leached chernozem (forest chernozem according to Travleev (2008)) in the process of overgrowing with Scots pine. In both cases, the soil-forming process is still within the framework of the humus-accumulative process of soil formation. However, taking into account the high intensity of degradation processes detected at the time of the research, there is a possibility of a significant increase in signs of leaching, which will indicate an impact on the development of the soil profile together with the chernozem (accumulative) and podzolic soil-forming processes.
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Rozhko, Ihor, and Iryna Koinova. "Physical-geographical characteristics of Lemkivshchyna." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 53 (December 18, 2019): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2019.53.10679.
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The article presents the physical-geographical characteristics of the Lemkos’ ethnic territory, the farthest western ethnographic group of Ukrainians who have long inhabited the slopes of the Carpathians Eastern Beskids. Lemkivshchyna is located on both slopes of the Carpathian Beskids between the Borzhava and San rivers in the east and Poprad and Dunajec in the west, located in three countries. The total area is about 9 000 km2. Lemkivschyna occupies the largest area within the mountainous part of South-Eastern Poland (48 %), less in the mountainous part of north-eastern Slovakia (41 %), the least in the Trans¬carpathian region of Ukraine (11 %). Most of the territory of Lemkivshchyna is located in the Carpathian lowlands of the Eastern Beskids. Only some peaks have a height of more than 1 000 m. The highest peak is Tarnitsa (1 346 m a.s.l.) on the Bukovo Berdo ridge. Lemkivshchyna is located in the temperate climate zone of Europe, which is formed under the influence of the western transfer of the Atlantic air masses. In addition, the climatic characteristics are influenced by the terrain, altitude, exposure of the slopes, the direction of extension of the mountain valleys. The territory of Lemkivshchyna lies on the Main European Watershed. The rivers that originate in the northern macro-slope of the Low Beskid are tributaries of the Vistula (the Baltic Sea basin). The rivers of the southern macro-slope are tributaries of the Tisza River, which flows into the Danube (the Black Sea basin). The largest river in the Lemky region is the San (444 km in length). Another tributary of the Vistula is the Vislok (165 km). The mountain rivers that originate on the southern slopes of the Low Beskid River flow in a meridional direction to the south and belong to the Tisza basin. The largest among them are Gorand (286 km), Poprad (169 km), Laborets (129 km), Ondava (112 km in length). The rivers of Lemkivshchyna are characterized by mixed food dominated by snow. Boundaries are observed in winter and during the dry season in summer. Floods can occur at any time of the year during heavy rainfall. The mountain-forest soils of Lemkivshchyna are formed on flysch rocks under beech and fir forests. Soils of low power (up to 75 cm), often stony, characterized by high acidity, poor in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron. Mountain-meadow soils were formed in the subalpine meadows. The processes of accumulation of peat and organic material are observed on the watersheds and sites of poor runoff. The geographical location of Lemkivshchyna causes the vertical extent of the vegetation cover, which differs from the other mountain ranges of the Carpathians. Belt of deciduous forests, rising to an altitude of 1 156 m. is mainly represented with beech forests. The belt of the Polonynian subalpine meadows that developed under the influence of a long pasture farm is above the beech forests. About 1 000 species of vascular plants, more than 600 species of mosses and lichens, and many algae and fungi have been found in the Lemky region. A modern feature of the vegetation cover of Lemkivshchyna is the natural regeneration of forests, which occurred after the expulsion of the ethnic population from these territories. More than 200 species of vertebrates have been found in the Lemky region. Key words: Lemkivshchyna, physical and geographical conditions, relief of the Eastern Beskids, hydrography, vegetation.
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Kovalyova, E. V., I. Yu Vagurin, A. V. Akinchin, and O. S. Kuzmina. "Study of acid-alkaline conditions of different-age arable soils of landscape catens of Central Forest-Steppe." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 59, no. 4 (2021): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-425-439.
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Fertility of soils is largely determined by their physical and chemical properties. Response of soil environment is a mobile indicator of soil fertility. Direction and intensity of almost all soil processes that provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassi- um regimes of soils, as well as availability of macro- and microelements for plants, depend on it. The paper presents the result of a field study of acid-alkaline conditions of profiles of black soil of typical and leached different terms of agricultural use of soil cat- ens of the meadow-steppe section of the Belgorod region in 2019. The research object was different-age arable areas with an age of agricultural development of 140 and 240 years, respectively. The steepness of surface in areas corresponding to the meadow-steppe zonal landscape of the forest-steppe did not exceed 4-6 °. As a result of field studies, 32 incisions were studied in the mead- ow-steppe section (6 incisions on background catens and 12 incisions on open catens). Each incision was provided with layered values of morphometric indicators of soil horizons. For background steppe soils, shade slopes are characterized by more alkaline conditions, in comparison with southern slopes. For 140-year-old arable land, the situation is opposite: shadow slopes have a more acidic reaction of the medium, in comparison with insoluble ones; for 240-year-old arable land, alkaline-acid conditions on the slopes of opposite expositions did not differ significantly. In the first 140 years of plowing, acidification of the soil profile occurs; the difference in the pH value between the background and arable land values of 140 years of age on the slope of the northern ex- position reaches 1.6 on the surface, gradually decreasing to 0.2 at depth. Further plowing leads to alkalization of the soil profile by 0.6-0.9 pH units. The research results can be used in development of agricultural systems in crop industries.
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Kolomyts, Erland G. "Influence of contemporary warming on landscape-zonal systems of the East-European sub-continent: Predictive empirical-statistical modeling." Natural Resources Conservation and Research 6, no. 1 (2023): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/nrcr.v6i1.2054.
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Presented in the given article regional geo-ecological prognoses are based on the construction of discrete empirical-statistical models of zonal and regional ecosystems. The analysis was carried out on the examples of the flat territories of the Volga River basin, as well as the northern macro-slope of the Main Caucasian ridge. Regional landscape-ecological calculations and mapping were carried out according to the global climatic models GISS-1988 and E GISS-2007 belonging to the family of models of general atmospheric circulation. The strategy of geo-ecological prognosis was as follows: first to identify the selected ecosystem objects (either zonal type of plant formations and regional kinds of landscape) to certain values of contemporary climatic conditions and then to estimate the most probable transformation of the revealed ecological niches of the given objects according to the expected climatic changes for the given prognostic date. The geo-ecological analysis has been performed using mainly two types of empirical models: (a) informational, describing the geo-component interrelations, serving as a basis for the regional bank of their ecological niches that characterizes their parametric space; (b) “fuzzy” set-theoretical models, describing the polysystem units of landscape-zonal organization by operations with the ecological niches as descriptive vectors. Predictions of ecosystem transformations include two stages of analysis: (1) evaluation of the probabilities of changes in the functional states of ecosystems and (2) calculations of the rates of ecosystem transformations. Quantitative predictive analysis is carried out by means of operations with the hydro-thermal niches of zonal-regional ecosystems. The ecological estimates of forthcoming global warming refer first of all to the functional but not structural-morphological prediction. The most probable directions and degree of conversion of the ecosystem are estimated by the maximum values of transformation. The algorithms of predictive calculations are described in detail for both stages of analysis. The results of the zonal-regional prognostic analysis are presented in both graphic-analytical models and small-scale maps.
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Hu, Zhiyuan, Jianping Huang, Chun Zhao, Qinjian Jin, Yuanyuan Ma, and Ben Yang. "Modeling dust sources, transport, and radiative effects at different altitudes over the Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 3 (2020): 1507–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1507-2020.
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Abstract. Mineral dust plays an important role in the climate of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) by modifying the radiation budget, cloud macro- and microphysics, precipitation, and snow albedo. Meanwhile, the TP, with the highest topography in the world, can affect intercontinental transport of dust plumes and induce typical distribution characteristics of dust at different altitudes. In this study, we conduct a quasi-global simulation to investigate the characteristics of dust source contribution and transport over the TP at different altitudes by using a fully coupled meteorology–chemistry model, the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem), with a tracer-tagging technique. Generally, the simulation reasonably captures the spatial distribution of satellite-retrieved dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) at different altitudes. Model results show that dust particles are emitted into atmosphere through updrafts over major desert regions and then transported to the TP. The East Asian dust (mainly from the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts) is transported southward and is lifted up to the TP, contributing a mass loading of 50 mg m−2 at a height of 3 km and 5 mg m−2 at a height of 12 km over the northern slope of the TP. Dust from North Africa and the Middle East are concentrated over both of the northern and southern slopes below 6 km, where mass loadings range from 10 to 100 and 1 to 10 mg m−2 below 3 km and above 9 km, respectively. As the dust is transported to the north and over the TP, mass loadings are 5–10 mg m−2 above a height of 6 km. The dust mass flux carried from East Asia to the TP is 7.9 Tg yr−1, mostly occurring at heights of 3–6 km. The dust particles from North Africa and the Middle East are transported eastward following the westerly jet and then are carried into the TP at the west side with dust mass fluxes of 7.8 and 26.6 Tg yr−1, respectively. The maximum mass flux of the North African dust mainly occurs at 0–3 km (3.9 Tg yr−1), while the Middle Eastern dust occurs at 6–9 km (12.3 Tg yr−1). The dust outflow occurs on the east side (−17.89 Tg yr−1) and south side (−11.22 Tg yr−1) of the TP, with a peak value (8.7 Tg yr−1) at 6–9 km. Moreover, the dust (by mass) is concentrated within the size range of 1.25–5.0 µm and the dust (by particle number) is concentrated in the size range of 0.156–1.25 µm. Compared with other aerosols, the dust contributes to more than 50 % of the total AOD over the TP. The direct radiative forcing induced by the dust is −1.28 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere (cooling), 0.41 W m−2 in the atmosphere (warming), and −1.68 W m−2 at the surface (cooling). Our quantitative analyses of the dust contributions from different source regions and the associated radiative forcing can help us to better understand the role of dust on the climate over the TP and surrounding regions.
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Starikov, Vladimir P., Antonina D. Mayorova, Eugene A. Vershinin, et al. "Parasitic Arthropods of Small Mammals in the Subpolar Urals (Eastern Macro-Slope)." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 4 (December 7, 2022): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/22-4/08.
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Surveys of small mammals (insectivorous and rodents) and their ectoparasites were carried out in the Subpolar Urals (eastern macro-slope) near Mount Neroyka (Berezovsky district, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Ugra) in different altitude zones (from 407 to 1018 m above sea level) in 2020 and 2021. A total of 15 species of parasitic gamasid mites, 1 species of ixodid ticks, 11 species of fleas and 1 species of lice were identified. Two counting methods, ditch with pitfalls and trap-lines, were used to better reveal the composition of small mammals (feeders of ectoparasites). Specific parasites of Eurasian water voles, Laelaps muris and Hyperlaelaps amphibius, dominated among gamasid mites regardless of the method of trapping insectivores and rodents. At the same time, the proportion of the Eurasian water vole in the small mammal community of the Subpolar Urals (eastern macro-slope) did not exceed 7%. The group of dominant species also included Laelaps algericus, which was recorded in only three species (of 16 small mammal species recorded in the Subpolar Urals): the Eurasian water vole, the field vole and the Middendorff's vole. Among rare species of gamasid mites, Haemogamasus dauricus is of particular interest, a species not previously recorded in the Urals and Western Siberia. Ixodes persulcatus is a single occurrence in the area. The find of this tick is one of the most northerly in the Asian part of the Russian Federation. Among representatives of flea and lice groups the share of specific species (shrews and red-backed voles) is high. This is probably due to the high mobility of shrews, their close contact with rodents, and the specificity of animal counting methods.
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Chernykh, Dmitry, Dmitry Kasurov, Roman Biryukov, and Alexander Puzanov. "Landscape variability of snowpack characteristics in the Anuy river basin (Russian Altai)." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 16, no. 3 (2024): 1313–25. https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2024-16-3-1313-1325.
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Introduction. Knowledge of the spatio - temporal variability of snow cover characteristics plays a key role in determining the timing and magnitude of spring meltwater runoff, water resource management, and flood preparedness and mitigation. The study of the material composition of snow cover is widely used to identify spatial pollution halos and quantify the actual supply of pollutants from various sources. The purpose of the study: assessment of spatial variability of the characteristics of snowpack, including the snow water equivalent and the chemical composition of snow in the representative for the northern macro - slope of the Russian Altai Anuy river basin. Materials and methods. Observations were carried out during field work during the period of maximum snow accumulation on February 20-26, 2024 at snow measuring sites. There are 35 snow measuring sites in the basin (735 depth measurements and 175 density measurements). The location of the sites was determined by their representativeness for the landscape structure of the basin. Snow water equivalent is computed from measurements of depth and density of the snowpack. The standard deviation and the coefficient of variation were calculated for the snow depth, density and snow water equivalent at each site. The data obtained during field work became the basis for extrapolating the values of snowpack to the landscapes of the basin. Snow sampling was carried out at six sites. Snow samples were taken from pits with horizontal dimensions of 30x30 cm for the entire thickness of the snow, excluding the lower five - centimeter layer. Analytical work was carried out at the laboratory of Institute for Water and Environmental Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences using standardized methods taking into account the requirements of GOST standards. The pH values, content of main ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-), compounds of nutrients (NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-), and mineralization were determined in the samples. Results. It has been established that the average values of snow depth, density and snow water equivalent in the Anuy river basin at maximum snow accumulation in the winter of 2023/24 are 21 cm, 0.19 g/cm3, 41 mm, respectively. The variation in snow characteristics at the sites is as follows: snow depth from 5 to 59 cm, density from 0.14 to 0.31 g/cm3, snow water equivalent from 8 to 127 mm. Snow depth and snow water equivalent in the Anuy river basin are increase with rise above sea level as it happens in the mountains. Maximum s snow water equivalent in 2024 occurred on watersheds and in watershed parts of ridge slopes within the mountain - taiga sub - belt (average 96 mm). Snow water equivalent decrease significantly in the lower altitude zones: 52 mm in the sub - taiga, 29 mm in the mountain forest - steppe and 20 mm in the foothill forest - steppe. There are significant intra - landscape contrasts of snow water equivalent at all altitudinal levels in the basin. It was found that snow in the landscapes of the Anuy basin is characterized by a neutral reaction (from 6.3 to 7.1) and has low mineralization. This is largely determined by the zonal position of the basin. The dust load varies quite significantly: from 3.53 to 68.77 mg/(m2 day), but at all sites it corresponds to a low degree of pollution.
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Танцырев, Н. В., та Г. В. Андреев. "ОСНОВНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОДРОСТА КЕДРА СИБИРСКОГО ПОД ПОЛОГОМ ПРОИЗВОДНОГО СОСНЯКА". Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology Series Forest. Ecology. Nature Management, № 4(48) (26 січня 2021): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.25686/2306-2827.2020.4.22.
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Рассмотрено влияние конкуренции древостоя средневозрастного сосняка бруснично-чернично-зеленомошного, пройденного выборочной рубкой ухода (прореживание), на возобновление и развитие подроста кедра сибирского под его пологом на Среднем Урале. При ежегодной разной интенсивности возобновления кедра обильное появление его всходов наблюдается в первые два года после рубки. Основным фактором, определяющим дальнейший рост и развитие подроста кедра, является уровень перехвата пологом древостоя фотосинтетически активной радиации (световая конкуренция). Корневая конкуренция соснового древостоя за почвенное питание менее выражена, что предполагает определённую адаптацию подроста кедра к ней. Introduction. The abundance of Siberian stone pine undergrowth (Pinus sibirica) under the canopy of derivative pine stands and small-leaved stands, that are considered to be potential Siberian stone pine forests, is observed rangewide. At the same time, the influence of competition of these stands on the regeneration and development of Siberian stone pine undergrowth under their canopy has not been sufficiently studied. The goal of this research is to analyze the competition of the cowberry-bilberry-green moss pine forest stand against the Siberian stone pine undergrowth. Objects and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the micro-ecosystem approach using the earlier proposed and tested set of light, root and integral competition indices of stands under the canopy of a 75-year-old cowberry-bilberry-green moss pine forest in the northern part of eastern macro-slope of the Middle Urals after a selective care felling. The record of parameters of the stand, environment and Siberian stone pine undergrowth was made in 106 circular plots with a radius of 7 m. The undergrowth age was determined to within one year by the number of annual terminal shoots increase. The dynamics of annual generation of one-year seedlings was reconstructed according to the age structure of the undergrowth and the empirical coefficient of the survival curve. Results. Against the background of almost continuous annual Siberian stone pine regeneration of different intensity (0.1–0.8 ths. trees/ha) under the canopy of pine forest, an abundant emergence of Siberian stone pine seedlings is mainly observed in the first two years (1.7 and 1.3 ths. trees/ha) after the care felling for the stand (thinning). In 28 years after felling, the parameters of 23-35-year-old Siberian stone pine undergrowth growing in the gaps of the stand (in place of felled single trees) exceed the parameters of the trees growing in the areas under a closed canopy, where trees were not cut down by 1.5-1.8 times; in former technological corridors (skidders) - by more than twice. But over the past five years, the averaged vertical growth of terminal shoots of undergrowth is negatively closely related (R2 = 0.68) with light competition of the stand (the level of photo-synthetically active radiation interception by the canopy), and the relationship with its root competition for soil nutrition is expressed to a lesser extent (R2 = 0.31). The tightness and reliability of negative relationship (R2 = 0.68) of the average growth of terminal shoots with the complex index of integral competition of the stand, which characterizes the joint influence of these factors, is closely related to the private index of light competition. Conclusion. The thinning of pine forest by selective felling helps to reduce the competition of the stand, contributes to the successful subsequent regeneration of Siberian stone pine and development of its undergrowth. With the combined influence of factors of light and root competition of the stand, light competition is the decisive one. Less expressed root competition suggests a certain adaptation of Siberian stone pine undergrowth to the conditions of pine forest.
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Matveyeva, N. V. "(A review) S. S. Kholod. Zonation in the plant cover on the Wrangel Island: syntaxonomical approach. Vegetation of Russia. 2013. N 23. P. 89–121." Vegetation of Russia, no. 25 (2014): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2014.25.116.
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The reviewed paper by S. Kholod (Kholod, 2013) presents the results of detail analysis of a large set of characteristics of 46 syntaxa (associations, subassociations, variants) described on the Wrangel Isl. (Kholod, 2007) according to the of Braun-Blanquet approach. Such parameters as the number and set of syntaxa, their correlations with the elements of landscapes, and the parameters of proper syntaxa composition and structure (number of species, projective cover, horizontal structure type, geographical range of elements, above-ground mass of vascular plants) are included into the analysis. The application of the results of the vegetation classification to the large area with complex geomorphology, geology and meso- and microclimatic conditions is undeniable novelty. The purpose of the S. Kholod paper, reflected in it title, was to assess the zonal position and to conduct a zonal subdivision of the territory of Wrangel Isl. using the syntaxonomical approach. This is undoubtedly should be appreciated having in mind that our knowledge on the syntaxa distribution, both in general and focusing on optimal allocation, their assemblage in different latitudinal stripes strongly increases the objectivity of the zonal division while the use of all mentioned characteristics makes it actually geobotanical (Matveyeva, 2008). However the conclusions and the results of zonal division (shown in the scheme, see Figure), made on the basis of the comprehensive syntaxonomical analysis, induce the numerous questions and even fundamental objections. It is worth to emphasize that islands, in general and in particular those with mountains and situated in the higher latitudes, are not the simplest objects for establishing their zonal status. This fully applies to the Wrangel Isl., where the mountains (albeit low), in most parts of the island, and the cold sea, around a relatively small area of land, leave no opportunity to manifest zonation in its correct (non-changed) form. Searching the zonal positions in the mountains is doomed to fail because this contradicts to the whole system of terms and phenomena taken into consideration when discussing the phenomenon of zonation. However, zonation is reflected not only in zonal but as well in intrazonal landscape elements, and that allows determining the zonal status of a territory when the space of zonal elements is minimized or even in their absence. The last case is not a cause to name as “zonal positions” some others that are widely represented in landscape like, for example, inside mountain valleys or carbonate substrates on Wrangel Isl. Thus, there are no grounds to call the localities, designated on the Fig. 3 in the reviewed paper (see Figure) by the letters «A», «Б», «В» and «Г» as units of zonal subdivision. Three isolated fragments under character A, that are relatively wide mountain valleys, are interpreted as the northern variant of the typical tundra subzone due to the presence the shrub willows that are absent besides this, the most heat favorable, element of landscape. However, it is the presence of the mountains is the main cause for the slightly higher air temperature, due to the specific warm winds (foehn), and optimal snow cover. Without the mountains, this effect would be impossible, and in their absence there would be no shrub thickets. So their existence is a beautiful example of «Alekhin’ feedforward rule» (Alekhin, 1951) when the specific syntaxa represent the extrazonal plant communities but in no case the presence of one zone within another. The analogous example is the location of fragments of polar desert zone and northern variants of arctic tundra subzone both in the north and south of the island. In particular this concerns the south-west island extremity on the Cape Blossom (with mean July temperature 1.1 С°), where the occurrence of polar desert syntaxa is the sequence of the hard ice conditions due to the specific configuration of the coast: long spit and thereby prolonged standing ice, which just is responsible for low summer temperatures. Hence, if the configuration of the coast in the south-west of the island would be different, neither polar desert nor the northern variant of arctic tundra in the southern half of the island would exist. But the configuration of the coastal line of the studied island has nothing to do with zonation. Also debatable is assignment to the zone of polar deserts the narrow strip in the north of the island where low summer temperatures are caused not by the amount of solar radiation / radiation balance, but the cooling effect of the ice cover persisting for most of the growing season, again due to the configuration of coastline with numerous lagoons and specificity of deepwater currents, as well as summer fogs, i. e. not with direct sequence of radiation factors. The occurrence of the communities of ass. Oncophoro wahlenbergii–Deschampsietum borealis, which has some similarities with syntaxa on the Bolshevik Isl. (Matveyeva, 2006), in wet habitats at long gentle macro-slope (mountain trail) of the northern exposure is another classic example of extrazonality, as in the case of communities with high shrub willows in mountain valleys, but with the opposite sighting. When assessing the zonal position of small area it is necessary to link a decision with the existing subdivision of the entire biome. The Wrangel Isl. is situated in relatively low latitudes (between 70° 46′ and 71° 34′ N) where the southern (shrub) tundra subzone is represented in the middle of the Eurasian continent. The southernmost areas of the polar desert zone in circumpolar scale are located north of 75° N in the warmest Atlantic sector and north of 77° N in continental part of the north Eurasia. Similar in size with Wrangel Isl., flat islands of Novosibirskie islands archipelago located between 73° and 76° N, are referred to the arctic tundra subzone. The total cooling effect of the Arctic Ocean affects not only the island territories. The presence of tundras on the vast space of the Eurasian coast (with the exception of the Yamal, Gydan and Taymyr peninsulas) at low latitudes can be explain not only by solar radiation regime, but also by the fact that the large areas of land are cut off by sea. Otherwise, on the territory of the present tundras south of 67–69° N would been the woods. In fact, only on the Taymyr Peninsula, that is mostly extended to the north, the radiation and thermal conditions are proportionate, and therefore all subzonal boundaries are situated there more north than in the European and East Siberian sectors. The oceanic influence appears all over the whole Arctic biome but it does not prevent manifest zonal differentiation from the southern tundras to the polar deserts. This factor, common for the entire Eurasian coast, is strongly enhanced by durable ice cover owing to the specific regional conditions on Wrangel Isl. The mixed pattern of zonal units (the location of polar desert zone south of the arctic tundras and that of typical tundras inside of latter), proposed by S. Kholod, destroys all current ideas of zonation. It is obvious that these are cases of the presence of some community types (by no means zones or subzones) in alien zonal positions (that always has a clear explanation). It is not possible to agree with the author, that all differences of syntaxonomical variability within the studied territory are connected with the zonal position of its various parts. It is rather common situation when the image of zonal subdivision appears based upon for some ideas, and then all identified differences have been linked with this image rather than with the landscape peculiarities. The usage of some terminology, concerning the names of elements of relief, the designation of zonal units, the terms of intra-landscape differentiation are also discussed with a certain amount of criticism.
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"Facies organization of the high mountains of the northern macro-slope of Kholzun Range (Russian Altai)." География и природные ресурсы, no. 4 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21782/gipr0206-1619-2017-4(83-93).
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Cummings, Vonda J., David A. Bowden, Matthew H. Pinkerton, N. Jane Halliday, and Judi E. Hewitt. "Ross Sea Benthic Ecosystems: Macro- and Mega-faunal Community Patterns From a Multi-environment Survey." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (April 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.629787.
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The Ross Sea, Antarctica, is amongst the least human-impacted marine environments, and the site of the world’s largest Marine Protected Area. We present research on two components of the Ross Sea benthic fauna: mega-epifauna, and macro-infauna, sampled using video and multicore, respectively, on the continental shelf and in previously unsampled habitats on the northern continental slope and abyssal plain. We describe physical habitat characteristics and community composition, in terms of faunal diversity, abundance, and functional traits, and compare similarities within and between habitats. We also examine relationships between faunal distributions and ice cover and productivity, using summaries of satellite-derived data over the decade prior to our sampling. Clear differences in seafloor characteristics and communities were noted between environments. Seafloor substrates were more diverse on the Slope and Abyss, while taxa were generally more diverse on the Shelf. Mega-epifauna were predominantly suspension feeders across the Shelf and Slope, with deposit feeder-grazers found in higher or equal abundances in the Abyss. In contrast, suspension feeders were the least common macro-infaunal feeding type on the Shelf and Slope. Concordance between the mega-epifauna and macro-infauna data suggests that non-destructive video sampling of mega-epifauna can be used to indicate likely composition of macro-infauna, at larger spatial scales, at least. Primary productivity, seabed organic flux, and sea ice concentrations, and their variability over time, were important structuring factors for both community types. This illustrates the importance of better understanding bentho-pelagic coupling and incorporating this in biogeographic and process-distribution models, to enable meaningful predictions of how these ecosystems may be impacted by projected environmental changes. This study has enhanced our understanding of the distributions and functions of seabed habitats and fauna inside and outside the Ross Sea MPA boundaries, expanding the baseline dataset against which the success of the MPA, as well as variability and change in benthic communities can be evaluated longer term.
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Zawadzka-Pawlewska, Urszula, Ewa Smolska, and Mateusz Sobucki. "History of deforestation in the vicinity of a village in Northern Masovia, Poland: An example of the possible old wood effect." Miscellanea Geographica, March 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0025.
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Abstract Anthropogenic activity changes the processes of erosion on slopes. The deforestation process is connected with the deposition of material at the foot of the slope. During this process, macro-charcoals from anthropogenic-induced fires are trapped in the sediments. This paper provides an analysis of charcoal counts and sediment characteristics and is supported by historical data analysis. During this study, a discrepancy between radiocarbon dating and historical data was revealed; a probable explanation is presented.
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Danmowa, Nasiru M., Peter Nkedi Kizza, Kelly T. Morgan, and Kamal Mahmoud. "Soil Fertility Assessment of Semiarid Soils from Nigeria Cropped to Sorghum." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, August 4, 2020, 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i930326.
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The aim of this study is to characterize the fertility status of the Dingyadi soils from semiarid Northern Nigeria, by using different methods of extraction to assess the potential for soil available macro and micronutrients to the sorghum crop. The study also compared concentrations of extractable nutrients between extractants for ascertaining the possibility of using one method to quantify a variety of plant-available nutrients in soils. Surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (15-30 cm) soil samples were collected along a topo-sequence at Dingyadi Sokoto-Nigeria, where sorghum had been grown, to characterize the soil chemical and physical properties that can influence soil fertility for sorghum production. The topo-sequence consisted of valley floor (TLL1), middle (TUP2), and crest (TUP3) positions of the slope. At each position 60 concentrations of each plant nutrient were used for the comparisons.Soil extraction for nutrients was carried out at the Environmental Soil Physics laboratory, Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, while analysis of aliquots for the elements was carried out at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, Florida. The study was carried out over a period of eight months, in 2016-2017. Soil samples were extracted using different extraction methods (Mehlich-3, Bray-1, Ammonium acetate, and DI-Water). A soil to solution ratio of 1:1 was used across all extraction methods to facilitate comparison between methods. However, a test was carried out to examine the effect of soil to solution ratio of (1:10) on extractable macro nutrients using Mehlich3 for randomly selected soil samples across the topo-sequence. Soil samples were also analyzed for texture, pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). All soil soils were sandy, low in organic matter content, and CEC.With respect to sorghum production, the soils had adequate nutrients (Mg, Ca, K, and P) and soil pH. All soil samples contained no exchangeable K. Mehlich3 extracted higher available P than Bray1 in TLL1, but equal amounts in TUP2 and TUP3. Good correlations exist between extracting methods for macro nutrients (Mg, Ca, K, and P). Bray1 method used for available P is not suitable for soils that have pH greater than 7 determined in water. Mehlich3 is more suitable for the semiarid soils of Northern Nigeria that are acidic or alkaline. The Mehlich3 method should be calibrated with yield response of crops to substitute for Bray1 available phosphorus. Also, Mehlich3 method could be used for the multi-nutrient test with a good correlation with other methods like ammonium acetate for exchangeable bases.