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Journal articles on the topic 'Northern Region of Nigeria'
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1
Alfred, Bukola. "Constructing Ideology through Modality in Newspaper Editorials on Security Challenges in Nigeria." Linguistik Online 108, no. 3 (May 7, 2021): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.108.7783.
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This paper explores Nigerian media’s deployment of modality on editorials on security challenges in Nigeria. The study examines how such impress on the ideological position of the media on the security issues in Nigeria. The study relates to how well Nigerian newspaper organisations attempted to reveal or mask security cases across different regions of the country through modal options. The editorials were sourced from The Punch and The Guardian (South-Western region), Vanguard and The Sun (East) and Leadership and Daily Trust (Northern Region) between 2014 and 2016. The frequencies and percentages of occurrences of these modality markers were examined and their implications were interpreted to reflect the attitudes and dispositions of the newspapers to security issues. Our findings show that the six newspapers expressed unbiased concerns over the Boko-Haram Insurgency whether or not the newspaper is situated in the northern region. However, the fact that certain security issues emanated from particular regions also prompted the kinds of modal markers employed by specific newspapers representing such regions. The Sun’s choices of modal indirectly expressed support for their plights and protests of the pro-Biafra agitators. The Punch’s choices of modal verbs portrayed President Buhari as sharing some ethnic affinity with herders.
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Chidebe, Chris. "Nigeria and the Arab States." American Journal of Islam and Society 2, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v2i1.2782.
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Nigeria is the most populous state in Africa south of the Sahara. Her geography and her history together make her an interesting sociopolitical and cultural experiment. It is a land with believers in both Islam and Christianity. A country whose northern parts were the prizes of jihadic victory of a highly Islamized Fulani elite, and whose southern portions are inhabited by peoples who were voluntarily or involuntarily brought under the control of the marching Christian soldiers determined to expand the domain of imperial Europe and committed to recruiting souls for Jesus. Nigeria is a meeting ground for two periods in African history. It is the place where Islam still rejoices over its past glories and successes; it is also a place where Euro-Western Christianity has made a major breakthrough. It is against this background, and with such facts in mind, that the subject of Nigerian-Arab relations is here explored. I divide this paper into four parts. The first part is a brief historical sketch of the impact of Arabs and Islam on the Nigerian society and the Nigerian mind. The second part addresses itself to the early post-colonial period in NigerianArab relations; the third part discusses Nigerian-Arab relations under military rule in Nigeria; the fourth part discusses Nigeria's Third Republic and the Arab states. A. Islam, Arabs and NigeriaThe arrival of Islam in northern Nigeria dates back to the 11th century and constitutes a major development in the history of this region of Africa. It not only linked the Hausas, the Fulanis, and other Islamized ethnic groups with the wider world of Islam to the north, northeast, and west, but it also opened up the possibility of Muslim expansion southwards. Indeed, one of the effects of lslamization in Northern Nigeria was the emergence of a full-fledged Islamic culture and civilization in certain parts of what we now call Nigeria. The sphere of ...
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Olaniyan, Azeez, and Aliyu Yahaya. "Cows, Bandits, and Violent Conflicts: Understanding Cattle Rustling in Northern Nigeria." Africa Spectrum 51, no. 3 (December 2016): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971605100305.
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Cattle rustlings have become a major crime in Nigeria recently, with the northern region being the hardest hit. In the past few years, rustling activities have resulted in the theft of a huge number of cows, deaths of people and destruction of property. Daily reports across the northern region have confirmed that cattle rustlings have significantly contributed to the increasing security challenges facing the Nigerian state and seem to have become big business involving the herders, big-time syndicates, and heavily armed bandits. However, despite the growing level of cattle rustling and its consequences for society, the situation has yet to receive adequate scholarly interrogation. This paper investigates the causes and consequences of, and state responses to cattle rustling in Nigeria.
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Mahmud, Sakah Saidu. "Nigeria." African Studies Review 47, no. 2 (September 2004): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600030882.
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Abstract:The recent (2000) reenactment of the Shari'a legal code in twelve states of Northern Nigeria and the other expressions of Islam in public affairs in the region have been preceded by a long history that should also be understood as determined by the social and political conditions of specific stages in the evolution of the Nigerian social formation. This article attempts to explain Islamism in the region through such factors as Islamic identity for many Muslims, the competition over interpretation and representation of Islam, the nature of the Nigerian state and society, Muslim organizations and leadership, as well as the activities of other religious organizations (especially Christian evangelicals). In this regard, Islamism is driven essentially by internal (Nigerian) forces, even though external forces may have had an effect. The article argues that while Islamism poses major challenges to the Nigerian state and society, it has also exposed itself to challenges from both Muslims and Nigerian society as a whole.
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Goni, I. B., E. Fellman, and W. M. Edmunds. "Rainfall geochemistry in the Sahel region of northern Nigeria." Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 25 (September 2001): 4331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00099-1.
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Nichol, J. E. "Ecology of fuelwood production in Kano Region, Northern Nigeria." Journal of Arid Environments 16, no. 3 (May 1989): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30951-0.
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AdamuNdawayo, Buba, Mad Nasir B. Shamsudin, Alias B. Radam, and Ahmad Makmom Bin Abdullah. "Farmers Perspectiveson Climate Change in Northern Region of Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 11, no. 03 (March 2017): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-1103025861.
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Alabi, David Toba. "Religious Conflicts in Northern Nigeria: A Critical Analysis." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 3-4 (July 2002): 273–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492840205800311.
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Within the framework of the theory of social conflict, this paper took a critical look at the causes, dimensions and effects of the perennial religious conflicts in northern Nigeria. It argues that colonialism, divergent perception of the Nigerian state intra-elite power struggle, the national economic crisis, politicisation of religion and educational backwardness are some of the causes of religious conflicts in the northern Nigeria. In particular, it observes that the increased tempo in religious conflicts in this zone since the commencement of the Fourth Republic in May 1999 could be attributed to the power tussle between the southern and the northern elite, the urge for “self-determination” among the northern minorities, the emergence of democracy and the-attendance openness, adverse national economic conditions and the reckless and inflammatory comments of some of the highly placed Nigerians. It, however, concludes that for religious peace to reign in the north, the issue of economic problems confronting the country has to be resolved, the kingpins of religious violence in the zone must be fished out and brought to justice, religious matters must be left with religious leaders and the educational gap between the north and the south be bridged. Above all, the issue of promoting religious harmony in this region is a collective one and every patriotic Nigerian must be committed to it.
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Muftahu, Muhammad. "The Development of Private Higher Education in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis between Northern and Southern Region." International Journal of Higher Education 10, no. 3 (January 14, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n3p178.
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Private higher education is experiencing a rapid considerable growth for decades globally, particularly in Africa. In Nigeria, the history and the development of private higher education precisely universities which is the focus of this paper started 20 years ago with the establishment of Igbinedion University in Okada, Edo State in 1999, followed by two other universities; Babcock University, Ileshan Remo, Ogun State, and Madonna University, Okija, Anambra State in the same year all in the southern part of the country. Comparatively, the American University of Nigeria Yola was established as the first private university in northern region 4 years later. Two years after, another four universities emerged namely Al-hakima University Ilorin, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Bingham University Karu Abuja, and Kwararafa University Wukari Taraba State. As of December, 2020, there are 16 private universities in the northern region with 11 at north-central, 3 in the northwest, and 2 in the northeast against 63 in the entire southern region comprasing three goe-politcal zones as well. This study intends to critically analyze the trend of these development to identify strategies, practices, and lessons learned between both regions for the spirit of educational development. Consequently, this study revealed the issues and difficulties in promoting private higher education include lack of awareness, lack of human resources, and cost of running in the country as a whole. In line with the identified challenges, the Nigerian government and policymakers are recommended to focus on creating an enabling environment to encourage the establishments of additional private universities more specifically in the northern region.
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Ali, Mustapha Alhaji, Ummu Atiya Ahmad Zakuan, and Mohammad Zaki Bin Ahmad. "Women in Nigeria Labour Congress: A Comparative Study of the Northern and Southern Regions." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v5i1.654.
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Objectives: The paper examined the position of women participation in NLC of Northern and the Southern regions and explored the mechanisms NLC put in place to empower women in the Northern and Southern regions of Nigeria.
Methodology: This paper is qualitative in nature. Data were obtained through the primary and secondary source of data collection. Contrast analysis approach was employed in comparing the position of women participation and empowerment in the NLC of the Northern and Southern regions of Nigeria. All data acquired were thematically analyzed using MAXQDA Software Version 2018.
Research Design: This paper is a Case study because it provides the researcher with an in-depth understanding of the social phenomenon.
Theories: Empowerment theory and the liberal feminist theory were used to explain the topic under study. This is because the postulations of these theories centered on equality between both genders in all societies.
Result: The study found that the position of women participation and empowerment in the NLC of the Northern region of Nigeria is low, because of patriarchal nature of the region, compared to the position of women participation and empowerment in NLC of the Southern region. It further added that women participation in the NLC of both regions is strong and healthy development.
Implication: The paper recommended that women should be empowered educationally and allowed to hold managerial positions. It, in addition, suggested that parents and religious leaders should advise women from religious and parental points of view to participate actively in NLC of both regions.
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ISICHEI, UCHE PETER, ISAO MORIMOTO, SONTASH CHANDRA DAS, JOHN ONYEANI EGBUTA, ABAYAMI IBIDAYA BANWO, and SHIGENOBU NAGATAKI. "Endemic Goiter in the Jos Plateau Region of Northern Nigeria." Endocrine Journal 42, no. 1 (1995): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.42.23.
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Sambo, Usman, Babayo Sule, Muhammad A. Bello, and Misbahu Sa’idu. "Colonialism and Emasculation of Political and Religious Institutions in Northern Nigeria." Review of Politics and Public Policy in Emerging Economies 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/rope.v3i1.1737.
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Purpose: Colonialism, a phenomenon which has long gone remains an interesting subject of debates especially among the African scholars. This is perhaps, due to the aggressive nature in which colonialism violently altered the evolutionary destiny of the African states. Any study that carefully dig deeply can easily come up with an area of contribution regarding the subject matter of colonialism in Africa. This study specifically explored how colonialism emasculated the political and religious institutions of Northern Nigeria with a view to ascertain the current crisis of identity that the region is facing.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Descriptive analytical design was adopted, thematic analysis and a qualitative content analysis method was used in this study which analyzed critically the various views and dimensions on the role played by colonialism in the emasculation of political and religious institutions in Northern Nigeria.
Findings: The results revealed that Northern Nigeria had a well-articulated and functioning political and religious institutions prior to the emergence of the exploitative colonialism. The British colonialist supervised the destruction of these heritages and replaced them with the alien ones that failed to function well leading to crisis of identity.
Implications/Originality/Value: So it is concluded that colonialism succeeded in damaging the Northern Nigerian heritage and that there must be a reversal towards that indigenous culture and social settings for Northern Nigeria to record a meaningful progress in the 21st century.
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Joshua, Ayobami Samson. "Boko Haram Terrorism and a Threat to Right to Education." Hasanuddin Law Review 6, no. 2 (September 4, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v6i2.2019.
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The government shall direct its policy towards giving to the citizens equal and adequate educational opportunities at all levels. Although, not classified as a fundamental right, this constitutional prescription remains at the forefront of the basic objectives of the Nigerian government; yet, despite this laudable objective, the Northern region of Nigeria has a consistent record of low enrolment rate of indigenous pupils in schools, thereby creating a noticeable disparity between the North and South of Nigeria in terms of education. It is against this background that this paper discusses the evolution, incidences and enabling circumstances of Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria and its effects on education, particularly in the areas affected. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the long term consequences of the Boko Haram terrorism on the right to education, as guaranteed by the 1999 constitution, in the affected areas of Nigeria. The paper traces the origin and factors that aided the Boko Haram terrorism. It also considers the extent of the effectiveness of the response of the Nigerian government in tackling the problem. The findings prove that, although the response of the government has been active, yet it has not been effective in curtailing the terrorist activities. This has negatively impacted on education in the affected areas of the Northern Nigeria. The paper suggested measures to address the problem.
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Gulma, M. A., S. L. Lorenzo, and J. O. Falaiye. "Passive solar houses in Northern Nigeria: The west African sub-region." Solar & Wind Technology 6, no. 4 (January 1989): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-983x(89)90061-1.
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Mohammed Dahiru, Toungos, and Hassans Tanko. "THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOOD CROP PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 458–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i9.2018.1269.
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The Earth's temperature is rising as a result of increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. As the Earth warms, currently wet regions are expected to receive more rainfall, and currently dry regions receive less. Nigeria and indeed Northern Nigeria is not an exception. Crop production is one of the most vulnerable systems and heavily affected by climate change in Nigeria and more particularly in the Northern part of the country where the presence and prevalence of drought is mostly felt. Crops are mostly flooded and are rendered less productive by flood, in addition to extensive dependence on rainfed farming coupled with high poverty level of the people of the region. Major crops cultivated in the region include groundnuts, beans, cotton, soybeans, sesame, cashew nuts, mango, cassava, yam, gum arabic, maize (corn), melon, millet, , plantains, rice, sorghum, bananas, yams, pepper, coffee, carrots, sugarcane, soybeans, with major producing states of soybeans as Kaduna, Niger, Kebbi, Nasarawa, Kwara, Jigawa, Taraba, Borno, Benue, Bauchi, Sokoto, Plateau, Zamfara and Abuja FCT are now facing yield depreciation. Most of these crops are facing problems such as flower abortions, wrong flowering and fruiting time and generally low yields due to the effects of climate change. As rainfall becomes more variable, farmers no longer are able to rely on their knowledge of the seasonality of climatic variables. It is recommended that, series of awareness in terms of seminars, symposiums, farmers field days should be conducted to the farmers to enlighten them on the knowledge of modern techniques of crop production, such as the use of early maturating seeds, drought resistance varieties and more especially the use of irrigation in order to boost crop production in the region. Weather focused information should be made available to the farmers in the form of short message (SMS) in addition to informing them on weather both in print media.
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Olomiyesan, Boluwaji, Onyedi Oyedum, Paulinus Ugwuoke, and Matthew Abolarin. "Assessment of wind energy resources in Nigeria – a case study of north-western region of Nigeria." International Journal of Physical Research 5, no. 2 (October 10, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpr.v5i2.8327.
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This study assesses the wind-energyresources in Nigeria by reviewing the existing literature on the subject matter, and also evaluates the wind potential in six locations in the northwest region of the country. Twenty-two years’ (1984 – 2005) wind speed data obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agencies (NIMET) were used in this study.Weibull two-parameter and other statistical models were employed in this analysis. Wind speed distribution across Nigeria shows that some locations in the northern part of the country are endowed with higher wind potential than others in the southern part of the country. Moreover, assessment of the wind-energy resources in the study locations reveals that wind energy potential in the region is lowest in Yelwa and highest in Kano; WPD varies from 28.30 Wm-2 to 483.72Wm-2 at 10 m AGL, 45.33 Wm-2 to 775.19 Wm-2 at 30 m AGL and 56.43 Wm-2 to 964.77 Wm-2 at 50 m AGL.Thus Kano, Sokoto and Katsina are suitable for large-scale wind power generation, while Gusau is suitable for small-scale wind power generation; whereas Yelwa and Kaduna may not be suitable for wind power production because of their poor wind potential.
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Morah, Doris Ngozi, and Omojola Oladokun. "Cross-Regional Analysis of Terrorism Reporting and Dynamics of Ethnic Relations in Nigeria." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2020100102.
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The news sociology and news determinism perspectives do project both the integrationist and disintegrative capabilities of the media. This projection is premised on their agenda-setting tradition, meaning that the social responsibility performance credential of the reporter can help build a nation or be a factor of the collapse of social control. This work explores this oxymoron by examining terrorism reporting and how it impacts on ethnic relations among the three dominant regions in Nigeria. A total of 400 respondents from Southeast and Southwest Nigeria respond to seven items on their relationship with the Northern Region that has been affected by the activities of the terror group Boko Haram. The findings portray a violent nature of the Northern Region. However, they do not support six of the media-framed and widely-held assumptions by the southerners about the conflict, including the statement that the insurgents represent northerners' interest. The media can scale down ethnic tension by publishing and framing stories that promote de-escalation.
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Kalayi, G. D. "Epidemiology of Burn Injury: Experience in the Savannah Region of Northern Nigeria." Tropical Doctor 31, no. 4 (October 2001): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550103100409.
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Fusaro, Alice, Martha I. Nelson, Tony Joannis, Luigi Bertolotti, Isabella Monne, Annalisa Salviato, Olufemi Olaleye, et al. "Evolutionary Dynamics of Multiple Sublineages of H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Nigeria from 2006 to 2008." Journal of Virology 84, no. 7 (January 13, 2010): 3239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02385-09.
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ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic A/H5N1 avian influenza (HPAI H5N1) viruses have seriously affected the Nigerian poultry industry since early 2006. Previous studies have identified multiple introductions of the virus into Nigeria and several reassortment events between cocirculating lineages. To determine the spatial, evolutionary, and population dynamics of the multiple H5N1 lineages cocirculating in Nigeria, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences from 106 HPAI H5N1 viruses isolated between 2006 and 2008 and representing all 25 Nigerian states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) reporting outbreaks. We identified a major new subclade in Nigeria that is phylogenetically distinguishable from all previously identified sublineages, as well as two novel reassortment events. A detailed analysis of viral phylogeography identified two major source populations for the HPAI H5N1 virus in Nigeria, one in a major commercial poultry area (southwest region) and one in northern Nigeria, where contact between wild birds and backyard poultry is frequent. These findings suggested that migratory birds from Eastern Europe or Russia may serve an important role in the introduction of HPAI H5N1 viruses into Nigeria, although virus spread through the movement of poultry and poultry products cannot be excluded. Our study provides new insight into the genesis and evolution of H5N1 influenza viruses in Nigeria and has important implications for targeting surveillance efforts to rapidly identify the spread of the virus into and within Nigeria.
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Adeniran, Adebusuyi Isaac. "Repository Africa in the Evolving “Chinese Century”: The Uneven Sino-Nigerian Water Conservation Partnership." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 46, no. 3 (December 2017): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261704600302.
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Although extant reconstruction of the limits of international development practice has been implicated in the budding involvement of China in Africa, debates on China's actual intents and prospects have continued to rage. Engaging an exploratory design and a political-ecology approach, which affirms the significance of human factors in contextualising, structuring, and contesting the natural world, this study assesses specific short-term and long-term outcomes of China's Gansu-modelled water conservation project in Kano, Nigeria. The shared ecological interface between China and Nigeria has facilitated transfer of relevant technology to the Guinea and Sahel regions in Northern Nigeria. Chinese involvement in the Nigerian water/agricultural sector has resulted in improved indigenous farmers’ skills, yields, and incomes. Sustaining the trend of ongoing intervention would imply a significant boost to Nigeria's drive towards self-reliance, though a long-term cleavage towards such Chinese interventions might eventually imply neo-dependency.
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Umar, ZD, and A. Bashir. "Assessment of potential health impacts on surface water sources in Northern Nigeria." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10523.
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Northern Nigeria represents the most populous region in Nigeria and adequate water supply and sanitation typically leaves a lot to be desired in the region in order to prevent water related diseases to the vulnerable communities of the region. This research work was carried out in Kano state with specific emphasis on Tomas dam which is one of the largest dams established for multipurpose use in Nigeria. The research was aimed at evaluating Physico-chemical and Bacteriological quality of Tomas Dam in Kano State. 240 water samples from 5 sampling stations within eight months were analyzed for bacteriological and physico-chemical quality. The physico-chemical parameters indicated Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Water Current Speed results were not significantly different (P>0.05), while other physico-chemical parameters analyzed varied significantly (P<0.05). The study also revealed that Dissolved Oxygen (DO), BOD, Turbidity, and Nitrates recorded higher values than WHO and Federal Environmental Protection Agency, Nigeria (FEPA) limits. Total aerobic bacterial counts (TBC) and total coliform counts (TCC) were determined using pour plate and Most Probable Number (MPN) techniques. TBC and TCC were high and exceeded acceptable limits. Faecal coliforms, faecal Streptococciand Klebsiella species constituted 25% of the indicator organisms identified.The observed parameters indicated the Dam was contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Variations in the weather conditions, animal and anthropogenic interferences were all directly or indirectly related to faecal contamination in the dam. Preventing indiscriminate faecal discharge close to the Dam and sufficient water treatment before consumption are of prime importance to public health as the dam was established for agricultural purposes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10523 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 125-136
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Abdullahi, Isa, and Wan Zahari Wan Yusoff. "Influence of facilities performance on student’s satisfaction in Northern Nigerian universities." Facilities 37, no. 3/4 (February 28, 2019): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-08-2017-0088.
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PurposeHigher institutions in Nigeria have witnessed an increase in the number of student enrolments; Northern Nigerian universities are not excluded. As the number of students increases, so do their needs in terms of facilities such as lecture halls, libraries, laboratories, accommodation, studios, furniture and other auxiliary facilities services (among others things). The purpose of this study is to explore the structural characteristics of building features’ performance and to statistically group them into building components (dependent) and physical and non-physical building features (independent) constructs, relating to influence of facilities’ performance in student satisfaction in Northern Nigerian universities.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires used were designed to collect data on both academic facilities, based on student experience and satisfaction with respect to physical and non-physical facilities. The school building assessment method questionnaire by Sanoff (2001) was adapted. Hence, the validity and reliability of measures was examined via academicians and data analysis with statistical package of social science (SPSS) version 22. In general, the values of alpha coefficients were above 0.80.FindingsThe result of exploratory factor analysis revealed that all factors loaded more than 0.61. In conclusion, the results indicated acceptable factor loadings and effective grouping of the features according to the conceptualised framework for the building component. A hypothetical model of building components was then proposed, suggesting the effects of physical and non-physical building features on building components.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has been applied to a Northern Nigerian university. The research should be expanded to other institutions offering higher education.Practical implicationsBased on a conceptual framework, the study gives practical insights concerning the performance of building component as a key success factor for higher education institutions’ (HEIs) facilities.Originality/valueTherefore, the need to develop and improve instruments that will reflects facilities performance for students satisfaction in Nigerian universities became paramount. Thus there is lack of an integrating framework for facilities performance as well as students satisfaction and experience in the context of Nigerian HEIs, especially in the region of northern Nigeria.
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Oni, Omobowale A. "Farming Households’ Vulnerability to Risk in the Northern Region of Oyo State, Nigeria." Journal of Social Sciences 17, no. 3 (November 2008): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2008.11892652.
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Alfred, Bukola, and Folajimi Oyebola. "Media Perspectives on Boko Haram Insurgency and Herdsmen- Farmers’ Crises in Nigeria." Linguistik Online 95, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.95.5513.
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The focus of the study is media perspectives on Boko Haram insurgency and herdsmen-farmers clashes in Nigeria. These security issues have been commented on, in Nigerian newspapers. In order to show the social attitudes of different news organisations in Nigeria to the operations of Boko Haram insurgents and nomadic herdsmen, the study analysed news editorials from The Punch and The Guardian (South-Western region), Vanguard and The Sun (East) andLeadership and Daily Trust (Northern Region). The editorials were those published in the heatof the conflicts between 2014 and 2016. The analysis focused on the representations of Agents and activities and media’s perspectives on both security issues through the analysis of process options. Our findings show that all the newspapers syntactically positioned the Boko Haram insurgents and cattle herders as Agents of destruction and death and syntactically portrayed Nigerians and farmers as the victims /affecteds of these security issues. The process options show that the newspapers did not, in any way, try to obscure the activities of these groups, rather, they decry such.
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Okpeku, Moses, Sunday O. Peters, Ikhide G. Imumorin, Kyle C. Caires, Varun K. Sharma, Mathew Wheto, Rakesh Tamang, Adeyemi S. Adenaike, Michael O. Ozoje, and Kumarasamy Thangaraj. "Mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region 1 diversity in Nigerian goats." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 59 (December 2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633616000102.
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SummaryGoats make up the largest group of ruminant livestock in Nigeria and are strategic in bridging animal protein supply gap and improving the economy of rural households. The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the caprine mitochondrial genome was investigated to better understand genetic diversity important for improving selection for animal breeding and conservation programs. We sequenced and analysed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) HVR1 in 291 unrelated indigenous Nigerian goats (West African Dwarf (WAD), Red Sokoto (RSO) and Sahel (SAH)), randomly sampled from around the country, and compared them with the HVR1 sequences of 336 Indian goats and 12 other sequences in five different species in the genusCapra(C. falconeri, C. ibex nubiana, C. aegagrus, C. cylindricornisandC. sibirica). A total of 139 polymorphic sites from 291 individuals were captured in 204 haplotypes. Within and among population variations were 77.25 and 22.74 percent, respectively. Nigerian goats showed high genetic diversity (0.87) and high FST values, and separate from Indian goats and other wild species. Haplogroups in WAD separates it from RSO and SAH concomitant with a different demographic history. Clear genetic structure was found among Nigerian goat breeds with appreciable variation in mtDNA HVR1 region. This study grouped Nigerian goat breeds into two major groups suggesting two different demographic origins for Northern and Southern breeds. High genetic admixing denotes different maternal origins and in contrast to evidence from goats from Levant and Central Asia, where goats were originally domesticated.
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Nwoke, Mary Basil. "Relationship between Natural Economic Resource and Vocational Choice among Nigeria Youth: Psychological Implications." Asian Social Science 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n1p84.
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<p>This study investigated the relationship between natural economic resources and vocational choice among Nigerian youth. The study grouped the country into three regions, eastern, western and northern regions. This study, first of its kind, explored vocational choice among Nigerian youth. Thirty-six participants, twelve from each region (6 men, 6 women) completed the semi-structured interviews and qualitative data collected was analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The findings presented a preliminary understanding of the relationship between natural economic resources and vocational choice among Nigerians. Qualitative interviews unveiled the presence of natural economic resources that provide vocations to Nigerians. Palms in the east provide the greatest vocational choice. Cocoa in the west provides the greatest vocational choice. Game reserve in the north gainfully employs people. Psychologically, people value the gift of nature in their locality. Finally through thematic analysis, the study revealed that things have changed with education, science and technology. Some Nigerians have become entrepreneurs by utilizing the natural resources prevalent in their environment. Entrepreneurs play an integral role in creating job opportunities and alleviate unemployment in Nigeria.</p>
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Alumona, Victor. "The Rhetoric of Unity and the Quest for Political Power in Nigeria." African and Asian Studies 5, no. 2 (2006): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920906777906745.
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AbstractPost colonial African countries, like Nigeria, have been contending, in one form or another, with the problems of nation building. One of these problems in the post independent era is that of forging one nation from a plethora of peoples and cultures brought together under one flag by the erstwhile colonialists. The author argues that even though the various Nigerian political elite usually give the impression that National unity is a sine qua non for the existence of Nigeria as a state and a country, and that every one who must be considered a patriot must be seen to be rooting for it, the real thing, however, is that they emphasize national unity as a leverage for political power. In other words, they see in Unity of the country a topic for generating arguments to support their drive for political power, or to justify their retention of it in spite of the means used to achieve these ends.A careful consideration of the policies of these elite while in government show that they use Unity of Nigeria expediently like the rhetoricians of ancient Greece would do, not out of principles but to serve a contingent purpose. The unity of Nigeria became a source of arguments for power ever before independence because the Northern region feared domination by the Southern region given its many advantages.
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Olofinbiyi, Sogo Angel. "The Intractable Malaise: Understanding the Patterns That Maintain the Terrorist Stronghold in Nigeria." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211006148.
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The global manifestation of terrorism has been evident in Africa, with a significant allusion to Boko Haram jihadists in Nigeria. A critical corollary of this manifestation is a decade of humanitarian crisis that threatens human security in the country. Following Boko Haram’s re-emergence in Nigeria, the group has taken pre-eminence to present itself as the most intractable malaise ever known to ravage the peace and social fabric of the northern Nigerian state. The undue supremacy of the sect has not only earned it global notoriety but has also generated a continuum of controversial academic debates on the patterns that maintain the sect as a terrorist stronghold in Nigeria. However, rather than dwell on the questions of “who Boko Haram terrorists are” or “what the nature of their modus operandi and the number of casualties of their activities in Nigeria have been,” the study focuses on determining the influential factors that have fueled the burning flame of the insurgency in the affected region. It contends that submerging the problem in the traumatized region would have to do with resolving the causal efficacy of each of the foregoing triggering factors that are known to be fanning the flames of the insurgency. Accomplishing this aim, the study recommends provision and implementation of more effective research designs and policy recommendations to address the challenges and reposition the fight for better results.
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Adima, Emmanuel E. "Special Education In Nigeria." Australasian Journal of Special Education 16, no. 1 (January 1992): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1030011200022624.
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The desire of Nigeria as an independent country is to give to its citizens a free, just and democratic society where no one is oppressed. This humane philosophy guarantees maximum self realization to all citizens including children with special needs.Nigeria was not always one country as it is today. The territory according to Iloeje (1981) was formerly made up of various states, empires and small territories. The largest and most influential of these was the Fulani Empire which extended over most of northern Nigeria in the nineteenth century.As a result of British annexation of territory, Nigeria as a country came into being in 1914 when the then Northern and Southern Nigeria were amalgamated. Britain administered the country as one political unit for forty-six years. In 1960, Nigeria became independent as a federation of three regions - Eastern, Western and Northern, with Lagos as the federal capital. Nigeria now has twenty-one states, each with some degree of autonomy, and an estimated population of 120 million.
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Ducatez, M. F., C. M. Olinger, A. A. Owoade, Z. Tarnagda, M. C. Tahita, A. Sow, S. De Landtsheer, et al. "Molecular and antigenic evolution and geographical spread of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in western Africa." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 2297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82939-0.
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In Africa, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was first detected in northern Nigeria and later also in other regions of the country. Since then, seven other African countries have reported H5N1 infections. This study reports a comparison of full-length genomic sequences of H5N1 isolates from seven chicken farms in Nigeria and chicken and hooded vultures in Burkina Faso with earlier H5N1 outbreaks worldwide. In addition, the antigenicity of Nigerian H5N1 isolates was compared with earlier strains. All African strains clustered within three sublineages denominated A (south-west Nigeria, Niger), B (south-west Nigeria, Egypt, Djibouti) and C (northern Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Sudan, Côte d'Ivoire), with distinct nucleotide and amino acid signatures and distinct geographical distributions within Africa. Probable non-African ancestors within the west Asian/Russian/European lineage distinct from the south-east Asian lineages were identified for each sublineage. All reported human cases in Africa were caused by sublineage B. Substitution rates were calculated on the basis of sequences from 11 strains from a single farm in south-west Nigeria. As H5N1 emerged essentially at the same time in the north and south-west of Nigeria, the substitution rates confirmed that the virus probably did not spread from the north to the south, given the observed sequence diversity, but that it entered the country via three independent introductions. The strains from Burkina Faso seemed to originate from northern Nigeria. At least two of the sublineages also circulated in Europe in 2006 as seen in Germany, further suggesting that the sublineages had already emerged outside of Africa and seemed to have followed the east African/west Asian and Black Sea/Mediterranean flyways of migratory birds.
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Ahmad, Muhammad Tajuri, and Hussaini A. Daura. "Domestic water consumption under unimproved water supply in semi-arid region of northern Nigeria." Sustainable Water Resources Management 5, no. 2 (August 24, 2017): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40899-017-0177-5.
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OLASORE, Adeyemi Joshua, Adebayo Ebenezer OLAGBAIYE, Taiwo Adedayo AJAYI, and Peter Oluwatobi ALABI. "Drought Monitoring in Northern Nigeria Using Four (4) Indices." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.1.3.
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Drought can generally be defined as the extreme persistence of precipitation deficit over a region for a specific period. Eight study locations were picked from the Sudano-Sahelian agro-ecological zones of Nigeria (Bauchi, Bida. Kaduna, Kano, Maiduguri. Sokoto, Nguru, and Katsina) from 1981 to 2015. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index- Thornthwaite (SPEI.T), Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index-Hargreaves (SPEI-H) and Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index-penman (SPEI-P) were used as the primary indicators of meteorological and agricultural droughts. The correlation coefficient shows an increasing correlation among the indices with increasing time scale, with SPI and SPEI-H having the highest correlation. The regression analysis shows a monotonic increasing relationship between indices while SPI vs SPEI-H has the highest correlation coefficient. The number of drought occurrences captured by the indices also increases with increasing time scale with SPEI-P detecting the highest number of drought events. All the drought indices reflect the historical drought periods between 1982-1989, 1992-2002, and 2008-2011. SPI, SPEI-P, and SPEI-H detected similar duration and intensity for the historical drought between 1982 and 1989 while SPEI-P showed the highest intensity and duration for the historical droughts between 1992 and 2002 and between 2008 and 2011.Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) evaluated that SPEI-P was more robust and sophisticated, SPI and SPEI-P had the same score for tractability while SPEI-H being the least tractable, and SPI had the highest for transparency and extendibility.
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Sule, Babayo, Ibrahim Kawuley Mikail, and Muhammad Aminu Yahaya. "AN OVERVIEW OF THE GENESIS, SOURCES, MANIFESTATIONS AND IMPACT OF SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS (SALW) IN NORTHERN NIGERIA." Journal International Studies 16 (December 30, 2020): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jis2020.16.12.
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The protracted proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) across the globe to Africa and specifically in Northern Nigeria has led to the explosion of social crises which culminated in insecurity situation in the region for more than a decade now. Armed conflicts emanated from the effects of the spread of SALW across the three geopolitical zones in the North which manifested in the Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast, farmers-herders conflict in the Northcentral, armed banditry in the Northwest and ethnoreligious conflicts in addition to kidnappings in the region. The objective of this study is a critical and thorough investigation of the SALW in exacerbating armed conflicts in general in the Northern part of Nigeria. The problem is the scenario in which the armed conflicts are threatening to entirely destabilised the region and the manner in which the SALW are increasing despite the global efforts to contain their spread for security reasons. This research used a qualitative method of data collection and analysis. Both the primary and secondary sources were used. The primary source was the interview conducted with selected informants in the relevant area of study. The secondary source was the use of available literature on the subject matter of study and the discussions were made using thematic analytical interpretations. The research discovered that the rampant armed conflicts in Northern Nigeria is the reminiscent of the spread of SALW in the region which tantamount to the present critical security situation. Also, weak policy and political institutions contributed to the spread of SALW which means there is a need for a strong policy approach. The work recommends among other numerous suggestions that efforts should be intensified in intelligence gathering to detect the networking of the racketeers in the armed business and contain them appropriately as well as total blockage of the weapons’ route.
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McCain, Danny, Musa Gaiya, and Katrina A. Korb. "Salt and Light or Salt and Pepper." PNEUMA 36, no. 1 (2014): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-03601007.
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Ethno-religious violence has plagued northern Nigeria in the last thirty years and has specifically affected Plateau State during the last decade. This article examines the attitudes and responses of pentecostal leaders in Plateau State toward violence and peace. Their attitudes are also compared to those of mainline Christian leaders in northern Nigeria and pentecostal leaders in southern Nigeria, a region that has not been affected by ethno-religious violence. The methods used included observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The research found that pentecostal leaders have a more positive attitude toward Muslims than do mainline leaders overall. There was no difference between pentecostal and mainline leaders in attitudes toward violence. However, there is a wider difference in attitudes toward violence and peace among Pentecostals than among mainline Protestants. Furthermore, pentecostal leaders in Plateau State demonstrated a greater involvement in peace-making initiatives than mainline leaders.
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Musandu, Phoebe. "The Abduction of the Chibok Girls." Hawwa 13, no. 2 (September 4, 2015): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341275.
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Boko Haram’s kidnap of over 200 girls from a school in Northern Nigeria drew the world’s attention to the disruption and violence that the extremist group has wrought over the region since the early 2000s. As Nigeria and its neighbouring countries continue to work towards containing the group militarily, this essay highlights the importance of ensuring that longer lasting solutions are not forgotten particularly those that could remedy economic problems which tend to create environments in which extremism can take root and grow.
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Kafewo, Samuel Ayedime. "The Rhythms of Transformation: Theatre And Conflict Resolution in Northern Nigeria." New Theatre Quarterly 23, no. 2 (May 2007): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x07000061.
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It has become axiomatic that theatre not only depends on conflict but also deploys it in its structure and function. Theatre is therefore working in familiar territory when it is utilized in a project dealing with conflict resolution and transformation, based on direct interaction with and intervention by the audience. In this paper Samuel Ayedime Kafewo examines one such experiment in which Boal's Forum Theatre techniques were used to address the issues of ethnic and religious intolerance in the northern region of Nigeria. The paper discusses how the process of choices, decisions, and consequences was used to explore the varying dimensions and manifestations of conflict with the members of the various communities, and how far this contributed to resolving the issues in conflict and led to positive lessons for those involved. The paper concludes by looking at some of the shortcomings of the experiment and suggests ways of strengthening future practice. Samuel Ayedime Kafewo teaches in the Department of Theatre and Performing Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
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Yashlavskii, A. "Extremist Group “Boko Haram” in Nigeria: a Danger of Local or Global Level?" World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2015): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-1-17-27.
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Among issues of the US-Africa summit in August 2014 the problem of religious extremism in Africa was most important. In that context Nigerian Islamist group Boko Haram plays a significant role. Kidnapping by Boko Haram militants of about 200 schoolgirls in April 2014 added oil to the fire. This action increased the fears of international community about possible linkage between Boko Haram and foreign Al Qaeda-like terrorist organizations. Initially, the group emerged as a local movement of devout Muslims in Northern Nigeria. But eventually it became a very radical militant Salafi-Jihadist group with ambitious goal to build an Islamic state in Nigeria. As is well-known, Nigerian population is divided not only into relatively rich South and poor North, but also into Christian and Muslim communities. As a result of sectarian clashes in Nigeria, thousands people lost their lives. The sectarian violence in this country is connected in part with the Islamist revolt of 1999 (“Sharia conflict”), after adoption of Sharia law in several Northern Nigerian states. Ethnic-religious violence in Nigeria is connected in particular with the British colonial heritage, but also with current serious social-economic problems (including the unemployment, corruption, cruelty of security services, unbalanced national economy etc.). From some point of view Nigeria may be considered even as a “failed state” because its federal government cannot control the whole territory of the country. While some southern regions are under control of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta militants, some areas in northern states are controlled by Islamists of Boko Haram and other radical groups. It's possible to say that Boko Haram has created its own “state within the state”. Boko Haram's ideology is anti-Western and anti-secular. It supports the revival of “pure” Islamic traditional values. Denying any inter-communion with the Western world, above all, the group claims against corrupted – from its point of view – Nigerian authorities and Muslim establishment (local version of the Islamist "Close Enemy"). An issue of the Boko Haram's engagement to global Jihadist movement is rather unclear. On one hand, ideologically, the group is very close to other Islamist groups (e.g. Al Qaeda and its branches in Maghreb, Somalia and Arabic Peninsula). But on the other hand, Boko Haram prefers to act against domestic (Nigerian) targets with very rare exclusions (for instance, an explosion of UN building in the capital-city Abuja). It must be clear that some attempts to find links between Boko Haram and Al Qaeda's network reflect the interest of Nigeria's authority to win international support for its struggle against local Islamist radicals. But it is impossible to ignore the information about logistical and operational links between Nigerian militants and such terrorist organizations as “Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb” or Somalian “Al Shaabab” (not to speak of common ideological agenda). It is necessary to point out that factional splits inside of Boko Haram (e.g. the emergence of the militant group “Ansaru”) make the picture more complex. Actually, the Boko Haram constitutes a danger primarily for Nigeria and potentially for neighboring countries. But considering the current evolution of the group, there is a great danger of further radicalization and internationalization of its activities both at local and regional (and maybe global) levels.
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Nwobodo, Ofor. "Operational cooperation between the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Nigerian Red Cross Society." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 323 (June 1998): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400090987.
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The Nigerian Red Cross Society has its roots in the year 1917, when the country was still under British rule. In that year the British Red Cross for the first time organized a fund-raising event in Lagos. There followed the formation of what was then known as the Nigeria Central Branch of the British Red Cross Society, with headquarters in Lagos. The branch had divisions in the then three regions of the country — Eastern, Northern and Western — with headquarters respectively in Enugu, Kaduna and Ibadan. Once Nigeria achieved independence, on 1 October 1960, the Nigerian Red Cross Society was born through an act of parliament (“The Nigerian Red Cross Society Act of 1960”). Today, the Society has a branch in each of the country's 36 states as well as in Abuja, in the Federal Capital Territory.
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MARCELLUS, IKEANYIBE OKEY. "THE IMPERATIVE OF INTEGRATED MINERAL AND OIL RESOURCES EXTRACTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 12, no. 01 (March 2010): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333210003516.
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Organised mining and extraction of mineral resources began in 1903 in the Northern Protectorates and in 1904 in the Southern Protectorates of modern Nigeria with the establishment of Mineral Survey of the Northern Protectorates and the Mineral Survey of Southern Protectorates respectively, by the British colonial government. Over a century later, extraction of mineral resources in the country is still highly underdeveloped. There are great conflicts that surround oil extraction in the Niger Delta region, and Nigeria imports solid minerals which she is capable of producing domestically. The extraction of solid minerals and oil resources also calls into question issues of environmental neglect in the country. This paper provides for a descriptive analysis of Nigeria's mineral and oil resources extraction and management policy since the colonial period. It is observed that public policies in the sector have been interventionist, marginal, disjointed and elitist, and, have not properly included issues of sustainability for peace and development. Key recommendations of the paper are that public policy in the mineral and oil sector should seek to include more stringent regulations in relation to the environment, ensure equity in rent or royalty distribution especially to the host communities and develop the extraction of solid minerals with which the country is abundantly blessed.
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Shankar, Shobana. "Race, Ethnicity, and Assimilation." Social Sciences and Missions 29, no. 1-2 (2016): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-02901022.
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This article traces the influences of American anthropology and racial discourse on Christian missions and indigenous converts in British Northern Nigeria from the 1920s. While colonial ethnological studies of religious and racial difference had represented non-Muslim Northern Nigerians as inherently different from the Muslim Hausa and Fulani peoples, the American missionary Albert Helser, a student of Franz Boas, applied American theories and practices of racial assimilation to Christian evangelism to renegotiate interreligious and interethnic relations in Northern Nigeria. Helser successfully convinced the British colonial authorities to allow greater mobility and influence of “pagan” converts in Muslim areas, thus fostering more regular and more complicated Christian-Muslim interactions. For their part, Christian Northern Nigerians developed the identity of being modernizers, developed from their narratives of uplift from historical enslavement and oppression at the hands of Muslims. Using new sources, this article shows that a region long assumed to be frozen and reactionary experienced changes similar to those occurring in other parts of Africa. Building on recent studies of religion, empire, and the politics of knowledge, it shows that cultural studies did not remain academic or a matter of colonial knowledge. Northern Nigerians’ religious identity shaped their desire for cultural autonomy and their transformation from converts into missionaries themselves.
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Gadzama, Njidda Mamadu, and Haruna Kuje Ayuba. "On major environmental problem of desertification in Northern Nigeria with sustainable efforts to managing it." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-06-2015-0035.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the extent of desertification and land degradation as threat to sustainable environmental, agricultural and land development in the Sahel of Nigeria with its consequences; with also some efforts to control desertification. Design/methodology/approach – Several desertification attenuation projects in Nigeria are employing different methods for maximum benefits obtainable from the objectives) of the particular project. Specific methods will be cited for particular projects mentioned as appropriate. It is noted however that environmental impact assessment, community reconnaissance or needs assessments were initial part of pre-project activities. Findings – Desertification has reached an alarming state in Nigeria. The frontline desert threatened States of Nigeria constitute 40 per cent of the land mass of the country. With increased pressure of desertification, exacerbated by a period of prolonged drought of about 20 years, climate change and human activities, it is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain sustainability in the management of the fragile lands and the region’s ecosystem. Strategic interventions in combating the problem of desertification in Nigeria have attenuated some of the detrimental social, economic and environmental impacts on the affected communities of the Sahel of the country. Programmes and projects are designed to strengthen the resilience of the people in the affected region with sound ecosystems’ management; support the efforts of the communities resulting in increased agricultural yields. Programmes and projects have strengthened the resilience of the people, participating in sand dune stabilization, the Great Green Wall Sahara Sahel Initiative and other shelterbelt development. Government has sustained inputs in environmentally friendly agriculture and also encouraged synergetic collaborative activities with national agencies, international agencies and local institutions. Originality/value – These results/activities give evidence of the increased public awareness of environmental degradation due to desertification in Nigeria; the realization in environmental stabilization needs with ready participation of the communities for improved livelihoods in arid agriculture; resulting in internalization of these problems for Nigeria.
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Bala, Auwal A., A. I. Jatau, Ismaeel Yunusa, M. Mohammed, Al-Kassim H. Mohammed, Abubakar M. Isa, A. S. Wada, et al. "Knowledge assessment of snake antivenom among healthcare practitioners involving educational intervention in northern Nigeria: a study protocol." Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 11 (January 2020): 204209862093572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098620935721.
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Introduction Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is an important occupational and public health hazard especially in sub-Saharan Africa. For optimum management of SBE, adequate knowledge of Snake antivenom (SAV) is very critical among the healthcare practioners in this region. Information related to the knowledge of SAV use in the management of SBE, as well as SAV logistics is scarce among the Health Care Professionals (HCPs) in Nigeria, particularly in the northern region. We therefore aimed to develop, validate and utilize a tool to assess the SAV knowlegde among HCPs in northern Nigeria. We also sought to implement and evaluate an intervention that could improve the SAV knowledge among the HCPs. Methods The proposed study will be conducted in three phases: Phase I will involve the development of the item-pool to be included in the tool, followed by a face, content validity and construct validity. The tool reliability, readability and difficulty index will be determined. Phase II will involve the utilization of the tool to assess baseline SAV knowledge among the HCPs followed by an educational intervention. Multiple Linear Regression analysis will be used to determine the factors associated with SAV knowledge among the HCPs. Lastly, Phase III which will be a repeat of Phase II to assess and evaluate the knowledge after the intervention. Discussion The study design and findings may guide future implementation and streamline the intervention of improving SAV knowledge in HCPs training and practice. Lay Summary Knowledge assessment and educational intervention of snake antivenom among healthcare practitioners in northern Nigeria: a study protocol Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is an important occupational and public health hazard especially in sub-Saharan Africa. For optimum management of SBE, adequate knowledge of snake antivenom (SAV) is very critical among the healthcare practitioners. The baseline knowledge SAV dosage, mode of administration, availability, and logistics is very relevant among healthcare professionals, particularly those that are directly involved in its logistics. It is paramount that SAV is handled and used appropriately. The efforts and advocacy for the availability for more SAV will be in vain if not handled appropriately before they are used. This study protocol aims to develop a tool, to assess SAV knowledge and effects of educational interventions among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in northern Nigeria. This protocol suggests conducting studies in three phases: (a) Development and validation of SAV knowledge assessment tool, (b) Baseline assessment of SAV knowledge assessment tool among HCPs, and (c) Development, implementation and evaluation of an educational intervention to improve SAV knowledge among HCPs in northern Nigeria.
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Ogunrinde, Akinwale T., Phillip G. Oguntunde, David A. Olasehinde, Johnson T. Fasinmirin, and Akinola S. Akinwumiju. "Drought spatiotemporal characterization using self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index in the northern region of Nigeria." Results in Engineering 5 (March 2020): 100088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2019.100088.
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Adelberger, Jörg. "The National Archives—Kaduna (NAK), Nigeria." History in Africa 19 (1992): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172011.
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Although the archives of Nigeria have been utilized extensively, especially for historical studies, descriptive or introductory notes on them scarcely exist. With the following paper, based on a recent visit to the National Archives in Kaduna in October 1990, 1 want to contribute in filling this gap. The Nigerian Record Office (now National Archives of Nigeria) was established in 1954 on the recommendation and with the efforts of K. O. Dike, who had toured Nigeria and inspected the state of existing archives. Subsequently he became Government Supervisor of Public Records. Initially the archive was situated at the University of Ibadan, until in 1958 the first permanent block was erected.The National Archives in Kaduna is one of the three National Archives in Nigeria, the other two being in Ibadan and Enugu. There is some division of competence between the three archives: Enugu is responsible for the southern parts of Nigeria, Ibadan for the western parts, and Kaduna for the states of Northern Nigeria. The present or former names of regions on which documents are to be found in Kaduna are as follows: Adamawa, Bassa, Bauchi, Benue, Borgu, Borno, Central Province, Gongola, Ilorin, Kabba, Kano, Katsina, Kontagora, Lokoja, Munshi, Muri, Nassarawa, Niger, Nupe, Plateau, Sokoto, Yola, and Zaria. In this listing there are of course regional overlappings; for in the course of history provinces have either been carved out or amalgamated into larger units. In some cases, moreover, more or less identical regions are itemized under different names.
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Heap, Simon. "The Nigerian National Archives, Ibadan: An Introduction for Users and a Summary of Holdings." History in Africa 18 (1991): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172061.
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The National Archives of Nigeria is located at three sites: Ibadan, Enugu, and Kaduna. Each site houses the archives for its geographical area: Ibadan for the Western Region (the present-day states of Bendel, Kwara, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, and Oyo); Enugu for the Eastern Region; and Kaduna for the Northern Region. This paper will concentrate on the largest archives, that at Ibadan, which is housed in a large three-story pastel-colored building set in three acres of grounds within the campus area of the University of Ibadan.The Nigerian National Archives branch at Ibadan is very rich in official papers of all Federal, Regional, and State Governments; papers of native and local authorities; papers of semi-public bodies and institutions; papers of private individuals and families, as well as those of ecclesiastical bodies and missions.The founding and development of the Nigerian Archival Service was due very largely to the initiative of Kenneth Dike, who was awarded a Colonial Social Science Research Fellowship in 1949 to carry out research on Nigerian history. In the course of his studies Dike came across valuable historical records in government offices, the greater number of which were exposed to decay and destruction and some of which were damaged by insects and water. He reported this to the government and offered his services without salary in the task of recovering valuable historical materials.
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Doctor, Henry V., Sally E. Findley, and Godwin Y. Afenyadu. "Estimating Maternal Mortality Level in Rural Northern Nigeria by the Sisterhood Method." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (September 12, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/464657.
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Maternal mortality is one of the major challenges to health systems in sub Saharan Africa. This paper estimates the lifetime risk of maternal death and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in four states of Northern Nigeria. Data from a household survey conducted in 2011 were utilized by applying the “sisterhood method” for estimating maternal mortality. Female respondents (15–49 years) were interviewed thereby creating a retrospective cohort of their sisters who reached the reproductive age of 15 years. A total of 3,080 respondents reported 7,731 maternal sisters of which 593 were reported dead and 298 of those dead were maternal-related deaths. This corresponded to a lifetime risk of maternal death of 9% (referring to a period about 10.5 years prior to the survey) and an MMR of 1,271 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births; 95% CI was 1,152–1,445 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The study calls for improvement of the health system focusing on strategies that will accelerate reduction in MMR such as availability of skilled birth attendants, access to emergency obstetrics care, promotion of facility delivery, availability of antenatal care, and family planning. An accelerated reduction in MMR in the region will contribute towards the attainment of the Millennium Development Goal of maternal mortality reduction in Nigeria.
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UJOH, Fanan, Patrick Samson Udama ENECHE, and Micah Ekwutosi OBIEGBU. "Ecological Connectivity Index Mapping for Green Infrastructure Development in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria." Environment and Natural Resources Research 8, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v8n2p116.
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Infrastructural development is considered one of the key steps towards economic advancement and prosperity, although the ecological basis of such intent is often not enshrined in the policies of governments, especially in most developing nations. Thus, infrastructural development has further increased fragmentation of ecologically-rich landscapes, causing biodiversity losses, reduced specie richness and diversity and climate change. Hence, the need for green infrastructure development. This study made use of Geographic Information System (GIS) tool to explore areas with high Ecological Connectivity Index (ECI) that could (easily) support green infrastructure development in Kaduna State in the face of climate change impacts which is already ravaging the region. Kaduna State land use/cover map and Aster GDTM elevation data were acquired, processed and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.5 software. A spatial model was developed that made use of the combination of elevation, slope and land use/cover data of the State via Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) to reveal potentially viable and ecologically-rich areas of the State and the most efficient links between such areas. A total distance of 878 kilometers of potential ecological corridors in the study area were mapped and therefore, serve as a base to be considered in embarking on a state-wide green wall infrastructure development program by Kaduna State government. It is however recommended that Kaduna State as well as other state governments, particularly in northern Nigeria, ought to roll-out phased green infrastructure investment program(s), adopt the use of shrubs and trees in building green walls and to localize all the gains of the continental-wide Green Wall initiative as this will further reduce the threats of climate change in the region. The study also recommended the inclusion of other landscape variables/descriptors (e.g. road proximity, soil properties, cultural setting of local communities, etc.) into building a more comprehensive model to strengthen the accuracy of the map and the model presented in this study.
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Ibrahim, Sulaiman S., Muhammad M. Mukhtar, Helen Irving, Jacob M. Riveron, Amen N. Fadel, Williams Tchapga, Jack Hearn, Abdullahi Muhammad, Faruk Sarkinfada, and Charles S. Wondji. "Exploring the Mechanisms of Multiple Insecticide Resistance in a Highly Plasmodium-Infected Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Sensu Stricto from Sahel of Northern Nigeria." Genes 11, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040454.
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The Nigerian Government is scaling up the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets for malaria control, but the lack of surveillance data, especially in the Sudan/Sahel region of the country, may hinder targeting priority populations. Here, the vectorial role and insecticide resistance profile of a population of a major malaria vector Anopheles funestus sensu stricto from Sahel of Nigeria was characterised. An. funestus s.s. was the only vector found, with a high human blood index (100%) and a biting rate of 5.3/person/night. High Plasmodium falciparum infection was discovered (sporozoite rate = 54.55%). The population is resistant to permethrin (mortality = 48.30%, LT50 = 65.76 min), deltamethrin, DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and bendiocarb, with mortalities of 29.44%, 56.34% and 54.05%, respectively. Cone-bioassays established loss of efficacy of the pyrethroid-only long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs); but 100% recovery of susceptibility was obtained for piperonylbutoxide (PBO)-containing PermaNet®3.0. Synergist bioassays with PBO and diethyl maleate recovered susceptibility, implicating CYP450s (permethrin mortality = 78.73%, χ2 = 22.33, P < 0.0001) and GSTs (DDT mortality = 81.44%, χ2 = 19.12, P < 0.0001). A high frequency of 119F GSTe2 mutation (0.84) was observed (OR = 16, χ2 = 3.40, P = 0.05), suggesting the preeminent role of metabolic resistance. These findings highlight challenges associated with deployment of LLINs and indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Nigeria.
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Cooper, Barbara M. "Reflections on Slavery, Seclusion and Female Labor in the Maradi Region of Niger in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries." Journal of African History 35, no. 1 (March 1994): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700025962.
Full textAbstract:
This essay argues that female participation in agriculture and limited seclusion in Maradi (Niger) today do not stem from the absence of agricultural slavery in the pre-colonial period but rather result from the resistance of the Katsinawa élite to the Islamic reforms of the Sokoto Caliphate and from the absence of rimji (plantation) slavery in the region. The abolition of slavery did not mark a watershed in the rise of seclusion, as M. G. Smith argues was the case in Nigeria, but rather triggered a series of reformulations of marriage and female hierarchy. Semi-legitimate and legitimate polygynous marriages permitted men and women of the wealthier classes to retain the labor of former female slaves as ‘concubines’ and later enabled them to use junior wives to perform the duties once carried out by slaves. Women countered the ambiguities of such marriages by asserting their worth through wedding ritual and later by adopting the veiling of élite women. As economic and cultural ties with northern Nigeria grew during the colonial and post-colonial periods, and as goods and services reduced some of the labor demands upon urban women, seclusion gained in popularity. By acquiescing to the dependency implicit in purdah women could protect themselves from the labor demands of others and could sometimes free themselves up to earn independent incomes of their own. Thus the recent adoption of seclusion in Maradi has not arisen out of a unilateral decision on the part of newly freed women to adopt seclusion as a sign of status, as Smith claimed for Northern Nigeria, but resulted instead from of a series of redefinitions, contestations and negotiations of marriage in which both men and women have been active.
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Gana, Modu Lawan. "STRATEGY OF CIVILIAN JOINT TASK FORCE MILITIA IN COMBATING BOKO HARAM IN NORTHERN NIGERIA." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3126.
Full textAbstract:
Since 2013, the northern region of Nigeria has witnessed the unprecedented mobilization of militia group Civilian Joint Task Force to aid combating the Islamic fundamentalist Boko Haram. The participation of the militia was reportedly successful in routing the insurgent. Before the CJTF, Boko Haram defied most of the counterinsurgency measures of the government including the military and the political approaches. However, despite the successes of the CJTF, the strategy that influences the successes was not adequately known. This article, therefore, investigated the strategy of the CJTF that influences its successes. The study was conducted using a qualitative method designed in a case study. Data were collected from thirteen informants through in-depth interviews supported by non-participant observation. The finding shows that CJTF is a kind of informal self-defense group that emerged in response to the inadequate protections by the State. The combating successes of the group were influenced by the information-centric approach of its campaign. Careful intelligence gathering and procession along with the sociocultural linkage of the participants and in-depth knowledge over the physical terrain emerged influential to the groups’ combating. The article recommended that the Nigerian government should re-strategize its existing conventional counterinsurgency approach to adapt to the population-centric paradigm. The government should also adopt palliative measures of promoting sustainable counter-insurgency that should focus on inclusive governance, accountability, and addressing socio-economic issues of poverty and unemployment with all levels of seriousness rather than sticking to the security-only campaign.